2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.\" This man-page is Copyright (C) 1997 John S. Kallal
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.\"
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intro.1, _exit.2, access.2, alarm.2, alloc_hugepages.2, arch_prctl.2, bind.2, chdir.2, chmod.2, chown.2, chroot.2, clock_getres.2, clock_nanosleep.2, close.2, connect.2, delete_module.2, dup.2, execve.2, exit_group.2, faccessat.2, fchmodat.2, fchownat.2, fcntl.2, fork.2, fstatat.2, fsync.2, futimesat.2, get_robust_list.2, getdents.2, getdomainname.2, getgid.2, getgroups.2, gethostname.2, getpagesize.2, getpid.2, getresuid.2, getrlimit.2, getrusage.2, gettid.2, gettimeofday.2, getuid.2, getunwind.2, idle.2, init_module.2, intro.2, iopl.2, kcmp.2, kexec_load.2, kill.2, link.2, linkat.2, llseek.2, lookup_dcookie.2, madvise.2, mincore.2, mkdirat.2, mknodat.2, mmap.2, mmap2.2, mount.2, mprotect.2, mq_getsetattr.2, msgctl.2, msgget.2, msgop.2, msync.2, nice.2, open.2, openat.2, pause.2, perfmonctl.2, personality.2, pipe.2, poll.2, posix_fadvise.2, prctl.2, pread.2, process_vm_readv.2, quotactl.2, read.2, readahead.2, readdir.2, readlinkat.2, readv.2, reboot.2, recvmmsg.2, remap_file_pages.2, rename.2, renameat.2, rmdir.2, rt_sigqueueinfo.2, select.2, select_tut.2, semctl.2, semget.2, semop.2, sendmmsg.2, set_tid_address.2, seteuid.2, setfsgid.2, setfsuid.2, setgid.2, setresuid.2, setuid.2, setup.2, sgetmask.2, shmctl.2, shmget.2, shmop.2, sigaction.2, sigaltstack.2, signal.2, sigpending.2, sigprocmask.2, sigreturn.2, sigsuspend.2, sigwaitinfo.2, splice.2, stat.2, statfs.2, stime.2, subpage_prot.2, swapon.2, symlink.2, symlinkat.2, sync.2, sync_file_range.2, syscalls.2, sysctl.2, sysfs.2, syslog.2, tee.2, time.2, timer_create.2, timer_delete.2, timer_getoverrun.2, timer_settime.2, times.2, tkill.2, umask.2, umount.2, uname.2, unlink.2, unlinkat.2, uselib.2, ustat.2, utime.2, utimensat.2, vfork.2, vhangup.2, vm86.2, vmsplice.2, wait.2, wait4.2, write.2, CPU_SET.3, INFINITY.3, abort.3, abs.3, acos.3, acosh.3, adjtime.3, aio_init.3, asin.3, asinh.3, asprintf.3, assert.3, assert_perror.3, atan.3, atan2.3, atanh.3, atexit.3, atof.3, atoi.3, basename.3, bcmp.3, bcopy.3, bindresvport.3, bsd_signal.3, bsearch.3, bstring.3, byteorder.3, bzero.3, catgets.3, catopen.3, cbrt.3, ceil.3, clearenv.3, clock.3, clock_getcpuclockid.3, closedir.3, confstr.3, copysign.3, cos.3, cosh.3, ctermid.3, ctime.3, difftime.3, dirfd.3, div.3, dl_iterate_phdr.3, dprintf.3, drand48.3, drand48_r.3, dysize.3, ecvt.3, ecvt_r.3, end.3, endian.3, erf.3, erfc.3, ether_aton.3, euidaccess.3, exit.3, exp.3, exp10.3, exp2.3, expm1.3, fabs.3, fcloseall.3, fexecve.3, ffs.3, fgetgrent.3, fgetpwent.3, finite.3, flockfile.3, floor.3, fmod.3, fnmatch.3, fopencookie.3, fpathconf.3, fpurge.3, frexp.3, fseeko.3, ftok.3, futimes.3, gcvt.3, get_nprocs_conf.3, getaddrinfo.3, getaddrinfo_a.3, getauxval.3, getcontext.3, getcwd.3, getdate.3, getdirentries.3, getdtablesize.3, getenv.3, getfsent.3, getgrent.3, getgrnam.3, getgrouplist.3, gethostbyname.3, gethostid.3, getifaddrs.3, getipnodebyname.3, getline.3, getlogin.3, getmntent.3, getnetent.3, getnetent_r.3, getopt.3, getprotoent.3, getprotoent_r.3, getpw.3, getpwent.3, getpwnam.3, getrpcent_r.3, gets.3, getservent.3, getservent_r.3, getumask.3, getusershell.3, getutmp.3, getw.3, glob.3, gnu_get_libc_version.3, gsignal.3, hypot.3, if_nameindex.3, if_nametoindex.3, ilogb.3, index.3, inet.3, inet_ntop.3, inet_pton.3, infnan.3, initgroups.3, insque.3, intro.3, isalpha.3, isatty.3, j0.3, ldexp.3, localeconv.3, log.3, log10.3, log1p.3, log2.3, logb.3, lrint.3, lround.3, lsearch.3, lseek64.3, makecontext.3, makedev.3, mallinfo.3, malloc.3, malloc_get_state.3, malloc_info.3, malloc_stats.3, malloc_trim.3, malloc_usable_size.3, mallopt.3, matherr.3, mcheck.3, memccpy.3, memchr.3, memcmp.3, memcpy.3, memfrob.3, memmem.3, memmove.3, memset.3, mkdtemp.3, mkfifo.3, mkfifoat.3, mkstemp.3, mktemp.3, modf.3, mq_close.3, mq_getattr.3, mq_notify.3, mq_open.3, mq_receive.3, mq_send.3, mq_unlink.3, mtrace.3, on_exit.3, opendir.3, posix_fallocate.3, posix_memalign.3, posix_openpt.3, pow.3, pow10.3, profil.3, psignal.3, pthread_attr_init.3, pthread_attr_setaffinity_np.3, pthread_attr_setdetachstate.3, pthread_attr_setguardsize.3, pthread_attr_setinheritsched.3, pthread_attr_setschedparam.3, pthread_attr_setschedpolicy.3, pthread_attr_setscope.3, pthread_attr_setstack.3, pthread_attr_setstackaddr.3, pthread_attr_setstacksize.3, pthread_cancel.3, pthread_cleanup_push.3, pthread_cleanup_push_defer_np.3, pthread_create.3, pthread_detach.3, pthread_equal.3, pthread_exit.3, pthread_getattr_np.3, pthread_getcpuclockid.3, pthread_join.3, pthread_kill.3, pthread_kill_other_threads_np.3, pthread_self.3, pthread_setaffinity_np.3, pthread_setcancelstate.3, pthread_setconcurrency.3, pthread_setname_np.3, pthread_setschedparam.3, pthread_setschedprio.3, pthread_sigmask.3, pthread_sigqueue.3, pthread_testcancel.3, pthread_tryjoin_np.3, pthread_yield.3, putenv.3, putpwent.3, puts.3, qecvt.3, qsort.3, raise.3, rand.3, random.3, random_r.3, re_comp.3, readdir.3, realpath.3, regex.3, remainder.3, remove.3, resolver.3, rewinddir.3, rint.3, round.3, scalb.3, scalbln.3, scandir.3, sched_getcpu.3, seekdir.3, sem_close.3, sem_destroy.3, sem_getvalue.3, sem_init.3, sem_open.3, sem_post.3, sem_unlink.3, sem_wait.3, setenv.3, setlocale.3, setlogmask.3, shm_open.3, siginterrupt.3, sigpause.3, sigqueue.3, sigset.3, sigsetops.3, sigvec.3, sigwait.3, sin.3, sinh.3, sleep.3, sockatmark.3, sqrt.3, statvfs.3, stdio_ext.3, stpcpy.3, strcasecmp.3, strcat.3, strchr.3, strcmp.3, strcoll.3, strcpy.3, strdup.3, strerror.3, strfry.3, strftime.3, string.3, strlen.3, strpbrk.3, strptime.3, strsep.3, strsignal.3, strspn.3, strstr.3, strtok.3, strtol.3, strtoul.3, strverscmp.3, strxfrm.3, swab.3, sysconf.3, syslog.3, system.3, sysv_signal.3, tan.3, tanh.3, tcgetpgrp.3, tcgetsid.3, telldir.3, tempnam.3, timegm.3, timeradd.3, tmpfile.3, tmpnam.3, toascii.3, toupper.3, trunc.3, tsearch.3, ttyslot.3, tzset.3, ulimit.3, undocumented.3, unlocked_stdio.3, usleep.3, y0.3, cpuid.4, full.4, initrd.4, mouse.4, msr.4, sd.4, st.4, acct.5, core.5, services.5, slabinfo.5, aio.7, capabilities.7, credentials.7, feature_test_macros.7, hier.7, inotify.7, libc.7, locale.7, man-pages.7, man.7, math_error.7, mq_overview.7, numa.7, path_resolution.7, pipe.7, pthreads.7, pty.7, rtld-audit.7, sem_overview.7, shm_overview.7, sigevent.7, signal.7, suffixes.7, svipc.7, termio.7, time.7, udplite.7, units.7, uri.7, sln.8: s/LICENSE_START(verbatim)/LICENSE_START(VERBATIM)/
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2013-03-10 09:29:01 +00:00
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.\" %%%LICENSE_START(VERBATIM)
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.\" Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
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.\" manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
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.\" preserved on all copies.
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.\"
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.\" Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
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.\" manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the
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.\" entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a
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.\" permission notice identical to this one.
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2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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.\"
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.\" Since the Linux kernel and libraries are constantly changing, this
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.\" manual page may be incorrect or out-of-date. The author(s) assume no
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.\" responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from
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.\" the use of the information contained herein. The author(s) may not
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.\" have taken the same level of care in the production of this manual,
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.\" which is licensed free of charge, as they might when working
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.\" professionally.
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2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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.\"
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.\" Formatted or processed versions of this manual, if unaccompanied by
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.\" the source, must acknowledge the copyright and author(s) of this work.
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intro.1, _exit.2, access.2, alarm.2, alloc_hugepages.2, arch_prctl.2, bind.2, chdir.2, chmod.2, chown.2, chroot.2, clock_getres.2, clock_nanosleep.2, close.2, connect.2, delete_module.2, dup.2, execve.2, exit_group.2, faccessat.2, fchmodat.2, fchownat.2, fcntl.2, fork.2, fstatat.2, fsync.2, futimesat.2, get_robust_list.2, getdents.2, getdomainname.2, getgid.2, getgroups.2, gethostname.2, getpagesize.2, getpid.2, getresuid.2, getrlimit.2, getrusage.2, gettid.2, gettimeofday.2, getuid.2, getunwind.2, idle.2, init_module.2, intro.2, iopl.2, kcmp.2, kexec_load.2, kill.2, link.2, linkat.2, llseek.2, lookup_dcookie.2, madvise.2, mincore.2, mkdirat.2, mknodat.2, mmap.2, mmap2.2, mount.2, mprotect.2, mq_getsetattr.2, msgctl.2, msgget.2, msgop.2, msync.2, nice.2, open.2, openat.2, pause.2, perfmonctl.2, personality.2, pipe.2, poll.2, posix_fadvise.2, prctl.2, pread.2, process_vm_readv.2, quotactl.2, read.2, readahead.2, readdir.2, readlinkat.2, readv.2, reboot.2, recvmmsg.2, remap_file_pages.2, rename.2, renameat.2, rmdir.2, rt_sigqueueinfo.2, select.2, select_tut.2, semctl.2, semget.2, semop.2, sendmmsg.2, set_tid_address.2, seteuid.2, setfsgid.2, setfsuid.2, setgid.2, setresuid.2, setuid.2, setup.2, sgetmask.2, shmctl.2, shmget.2, shmop.2, sigaction.2, sigaltstack.2, signal.2, sigpending.2, sigprocmask.2, sigreturn.2, sigsuspend.2, sigwaitinfo.2, splice.2, stat.2, statfs.2, stime.2, subpage_prot.2, swapon.2, symlink.2, symlinkat.2, sync.2, sync_file_range.2, syscalls.2, sysctl.2, sysfs.2, syslog.2, tee.2, time.2, timer_create.2, timer_delete.2, timer_getoverrun.2, timer_settime.2, times.2, tkill.2, umask.2, umount.2, uname.2, unlink.2, unlinkat.2, uselib.2, ustat.2, utime.2, utimensat.2, vfork.2, vhangup.2, vm86.2, vmsplice.2, wait.2, wait4.2, write.2, CPU_SET.3, INFINITY.3, abort.3, abs.3, acos.3, acosh.3, adjtime.3, aio_init.3, asin.3, asinh.3, asprintf.3, assert.3, assert_perror.3, atan.3, atan2.3, atanh.3, atexit.3, atof.3, atoi.3, basename.3, bcmp.3, bcopy.3, bindresvport.3, bsd_signal.3, bsearch.3, bstring.3, byteorder.3, bzero.3, catgets.3, catopen.3, cbrt.3, ceil.3, clearenv.3, clock.3, clock_getcpuclockid.3, closedir.3, confstr.3, copysign.3, cos.3, cosh.3, ctermid.3, ctime.3, difftime.3, dirfd.3, div.3, dl_iterate_phdr.3, dprintf.3, drand48.3, drand48_r.3, dysize.3, ecvt.3, ecvt_r.3, end.3, endian.3, erf.3, erfc.3, ether_aton.3, euidaccess.3, exit.3, exp.3, exp10.3, exp2.3, expm1.3, fabs.3, fcloseall.3, fexecve.3, ffs.3, fgetgrent.3, fgetpwent.3, finite.3, flockfile.3, floor.3, fmod.3, fnmatch.3, fopencookie.3, fpathconf.3, fpurge.3, frexp.3, fseeko.3, ftok.3, futimes.3, gcvt.3, get_nprocs_conf.3, getaddrinfo.3, getaddrinfo_a.3, getauxval.3, getcontext.3, getcwd.3, getdate.3, getdirentries.3, getdtablesize.3, getenv.3, getfsent.3, getgrent.3, getgrnam.3, getgrouplist.3, gethostbyname.3, gethostid.3, getifaddrs.3, getipnodebyname.3, getline.3, getlogin.3, getmntent.3, getnetent.3, getnetent_r.3, getopt.3, getprotoent.3, getprotoent_r.3, getpw.3, getpwent.3, getpwnam.3, getrpcent_r.3, gets.3, getservent.3, getservent_r.3, getumask.3, getusershell.3, getutmp.3, getw.3, glob.3, gnu_get_libc_version.3, gsignal.3, hypot.3, if_nameindex.3, if_nametoindex.3, ilogb.3, index.3, inet.3, inet_ntop.3, inet_pton.3, infnan.3, initgroups.3, insque.3, intro.3, isalpha.3, isatty.3, j0.3, ldexp.3, localeconv.3, log.3, log10.3, log1p.3, log2.3, logb.3, lrint.3, lround.3, lsearch.3, lseek64.3, makecontext.3, makedev.3, mallinfo.3, malloc.3, malloc_get_state.3, malloc_info.3, malloc_stats.3, malloc_trim.3, malloc_usable_size.3, mallopt.3, matherr.3, mcheck.3, memccpy.3, memchr.3, memcmp.3, memcpy.3, memfrob.3, memmem.3, memmove.3, memset.3, mkdtemp.3, mkfifo.3, mkfifoat.3, mkstemp.3, mktemp.3, modf.3, mq_close.3, mq_getattr.3, mq_notify.3, mq_open.3, mq_receive.3, mq_send.3, mq_unlink.3, mtrace.3, on_exit.3, opendir.3, posix_fallocate.3, posix_memalign.3, posix_openpt.3, pow.3, pow10.3, profil.3, psignal.3, pthread_attr_init.3, pthread_attr_setaffinity_np.3, pthread_attr_setdetachstate.3, pthread_attr_setguardsize.3, pthread_attr_setinheritsched.3, pthread_attr_setschedparam.3, pthread_attr_setschedpolicy.3, pthread_attr_setscope.3, pthread_attr_setstack.3, pthread_attr_setstackaddr.3, pthread_attr_setstacksize.3, pthread_cancel.3, pthread_cleanup_push.3, pthread_cleanup_push_defer_np.3, pthread_create.3, pthread_detach.3, pthread_equal.3, pthread_exit.3, pthread_getattr_np.3, pthread_getcpuclockid.3, pthread_join.3, pthread_kill.3, pthread_kill_other_threads_np.3, pthread_self.3, pthread_setaffinity_np.3, pthread_setcancelstate.3, pthread_setconcurrency.3, pthread_setname_np.3, pthread_setschedparam.3, pthread_setschedprio.3, pthread_sigmask.3, pthread_sigqueue.3, pthread_testcancel.3, pthread_tryjoin_np.3, pthread_yield.3, putenv.3, putpwent.3, puts.3, qecvt.3, qsort.3, raise.3, rand.3, random.3, random_r.3, re_comp.3, readdir.3, realpath.3, regex.3, remainder.3, remove.3, resolver.3, rewinddir.3, rint.3, round.3, scalb.3, scalbln.3, scandir.3, sched_getcpu.3, seekdir.3, sem_close.3, sem_destroy.3, sem_getvalue.3, sem_init.3, sem_open.3, sem_post.3, sem_unlink.3, sem_wait.3, setenv.3, setlocale.3, setlogmask.3, shm_open.3, siginterrupt.3, sigpause.3, sigqueue.3, sigset.3, sigsetops.3, sigvec.3, sigwait.3, sin.3, sinh.3, sleep.3, sockatmark.3, sqrt.3, statvfs.3, stdio_ext.3, stpcpy.3, strcasecmp.3, strcat.3, strchr.3, strcmp.3, strcoll.3, strcpy.3, strdup.3, strerror.3, strfry.3, strftime.3, string.3, strlen.3, strpbrk.3, strptime.3, strsep.3, strsignal.3, strspn.3, strstr.3, strtok.3, strtol.3, strtoul.3, strverscmp.3, strxfrm.3, swab.3, sysconf.3, syslog.3, system.3, sysv_signal.3, tan.3, tanh.3, tcgetpgrp.3, tcgetsid.3, telldir.3, tempnam.3, timegm.3, timeradd.3, tmpfile.3, tmpnam.3, toascii.3, toupper.3, trunc.3, tsearch.3, ttyslot.3, tzset.3, ulimit.3, undocumented.3, unlocked_stdio.3, usleep.3, y0.3, cpuid.4, full.4, initrd.4, mouse.4, msr.4, sd.4, st.4, acct.5, core.5, services.5, slabinfo.5, aio.7, capabilities.7, credentials.7, feature_test_macros.7, hier.7, inotify.7, libc.7, locale.7, man-pages.7, man.7, math_error.7, mq_overview.7, numa.7, path_resolution.7, pipe.7, pthreads.7, pty.7, rtld-audit.7, sem_overview.7, shm_overview.7, sigevent.7, signal.7, suffixes.7, svipc.7, termio.7, time.7, udplite.7, units.7, uri.7, sln.8: Global fix: Add LICENSE_START(verbatim)
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2013-03-10 09:28:40 +00:00
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.\" %%%LICENSE_END
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.\"
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.\" If the you wish to distribute versions of this work under other
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2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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.\" conditions than the above, please contact the author(s) at the following
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.\" for permission:
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2007-06-21 22:55:04 +00:00
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.\"
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2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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.\" John S. Kallal -
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.\" email: <kallal@voicenet.com>
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.\" mail: 518 Kerfoot Farm RD, Wilmington, DE 19803-2444, USA
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.\" phone: (302)654-5478
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2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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.\"
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.\" $Id: initrd.4,v 0.9 1997/11/07 05:05:32 kallal Exp kallal $
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2010-09-04 05:19:26 +00:00
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.TH INITRD 4 2010-09-04 "Linux" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.SH NAME
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initrd \- boot loader initialized RAM disk
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2007-11-23 07:41:09 +00:00
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.SH CONFIGURATION
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.I /dev/initrd
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is a read-only block device assigned
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major number 1 and minor number 250.
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Typically
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.I /dev/initrd
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is owned by
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.I root.disk
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with mode 0400 (read access by root only).
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If the Linux system does not have
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.I /dev/initrd
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already created, it can be created with the following commands:
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2016-09-11 09:12:20 +00:00
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2007-11-23 07:41:09 +00:00
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.nf
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\fB
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mknod \-m 400 /dev/initrd b 1 250
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chown root:disk /dev/initrd
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\fP
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.fi
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.PP
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Also, support for both "RAM disk" and "Initial RAM disk"
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2012-05-06 19:25:59 +00:00
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(e.g.,
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2008-01-12 09:33:09 +00:00
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.BR CONFIG_BLK_DEV_RAM=y
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2008-01-12 08:55:00 +00:00
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and
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.BR CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD=y )
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2007-11-23 07:41:09 +00:00
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must be compiled directly into the Linux kernel to use
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2008-01-12 08:55:00 +00:00
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.IR /dev/initrd .
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2007-11-23 07:41:09 +00:00
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When using
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2008-01-12 08:55:00 +00:00
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.IR /dev/initrd ,
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2007-11-23 07:41:09 +00:00
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the RAM disk driver cannot be loaded as a module.
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.\"
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.\"
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|
.\"
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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|
.SH DESCRIPTION
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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|
|
The special file
|
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|
.I /dev/initrd
|
|
|
|
is a read-only block device.
|
2009-04-03 18:00:03 +00:00
|
|
|
This device is a RAM disk that is initialized (e.g., loaded)
|
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|
|
by the boot loader before the kernel is started.
|
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|
The kernel then can use
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
.IR /dev/initrd "'s "
|
2009-04-03 18:00:03 +00:00
|
|
|
contents for a two-phase system boot-up.
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.PP
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
In the first boot-up phase, the kernel starts up
|
intro.1, time.1, access.2, acct.2, alloc_hugepages.2, bind.2, chdir.2, chmod.2, chown.2, chroot.2, clone.2, close.2, execve.2, fallocate.2, fcntl.2, getdents.2, getrusage.2, getxattr.2, init_module.2, inotify_add_watch.2, ioprio_set.2, kcmp.2, link.2, listxattr.2, lseek.2, madvise.2, mkdir.2, mknod.2, mmap.2, mount.2, move_pages.2, msgctl.2, nfsservctl.2, open.2, pivot_root.2, quotactl.2, read.2, readlink.2, removexattr.2, rename.2, rmdir.2, semctl.2, setfsgid.2, setfsuid.2, setresuid.2, setuid.2, setup.2, setxattr.2, shmctl.2, splice.2, spu_create.2, stat.2, statfs.2, swapon.2, symlink.2, sync.2, sync_file_range.2, sysfs.2, truncate.2, umount.2, unlink.2, unshare.2, ustat.2, utime.2, utimensat.2, write.2, btree.3, errno.3, fexecve.3, ftw.3, futimes.3, get_nprocs_conf.3, getcwd.3, getdirentries.3, getmntent.3, glob.3, mkfifo.3, mq_open.3, readdir.3, realpath.3, recno.3, remove.3, sem_open.3, shm_open.3, statvfs.3, sysconf.3, telldir.3, tmpfile.3, cciss.4, initrd.4, pts.4, sk98lin.4, vcs.4, core.5, filesystems.5, proc.5, boot.7, bootparam.7, capabilities.7, cpuset.7, credentials.7, feature_test_macros.7, fifo.7, hier.7, inotify.7, intro.7, mq_overview.7, path_resolution.7, pipe.7, sem_overview.7, shm_overview.7, spufs.7, symlink.7, unix.7, uri.7, sync.8: Global fix: s/file system/filesystem/
Notwithstanding 24d01c530c5a3f75217543d02bf6712395e5f90c,
"filesystem" is the form used by the great majority of man pages
outside the man-pages project and in a number of other sources,
so let's go with that.
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2013-08-08 08:07:57 +00:00
|
|
|
and mounts an initial root filesystem from the contents of
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
.I /dev/initrd
|
2008-09-10 03:38:18 +00:00
|
|
|
(e.g., RAM disk initialized by the boot loader).
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
In the second phase, additional drivers or other modules
|
|
|
|
are loaded from the initial root device's contents.
|
intro.1, time.1, access.2, acct.2, alloc_hugepages.2, bind.2, chdir.2, chmod.2, chown.2, chroot.2, clone.2, close.2, execve.2, fallocate.2, fcntl.2, getdents.2, getrusage.2, getxattr.2, init_module.2, inotify_add_watch.2, ioprio_set.2, kcmp.2, link.2, listxattr.2, lseek.2, madvise.2, mkdir.2, mknod.2, mmap.2, mount.2, move_pages.2, msgctl.2, nfsservctl.2, open.2, pivot_root.2, quotactl.2, read.2, readlink.2, removexattr.2, rename.2, rmdir.2, semctl.2, setfsgid.2, setfsuid.2, setresuid.2, setuid.2, setup.2, setxattr.2, shmctl.2, splice.2, spu_create.2, stat.2, statfs.2, swapon.2, symlink.2, sync.2, sync_file_range.2, sysfs.2, truncate.2, umount.2, unlink.2, unshare.2, ustat.2, utime.2, utimensat.2, write.2, btree.3, errno.3, fexecve.3, ftw.3, futimes.3, get_nprocs_conf.3, getcwd.3, getdirentries.3, getmntent.3, glob.3, mkfifo.3, mq_open.3, readdir.3, realpath.3, recno.3, remove.3, sem_open.3, shm_open.3, statvfs.3, sysconf.3, telldir.3, tmpfile.3, cciss.4, initrd.4, pts.4, sk98lin.4, vcs.4, core.5, filesystems.5, proc.5, boot.7, bootparam.7, capabilities.7, cpuset.7, credentials.7, feature_test_macros.7, fifo.7, hier.7, inotify.7, intro.7, mq_overview.7, path_resolution.7, pipe.7, sem_overview.7, shm_overview.7, spufs.7, symlink.7, unix.7, uri.7, sync.8: Global fix: s/file system/filesystem/
Notwithstanding 24d01c530c5a3f75217543d02bf6712395e5f90c,
"filesystem" is the form used by the great majority of man pages
outside the man-pages project and in a number of other sources,
so let's go with that.
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2013-08-08 08:07:57 +00:00
|
|
|
After loading the additional modules, a new root filesystem
|
|
|
|
(i.e., the normal root filesystem) is mounted from a
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
different device.
|
|
|
|
.\"
|
|
|
|
.\"
|
|
|
|
.\"
|
intro.1, time.1, _syscall.2, accept.2, capget.2, clone.2, execve.2, fcntl.2, intro.2, ioctl_list.2, ioprio_set.2, kill.2, mlock.2, nanosleep.2, perf_event_open.2, select.2, stat.2, times.2, ustat.2, vfork.2, wait.2, cfree.3, dbopen.3, dlopen.3, fenv.3, fmtmsg.3, gamma.3, getaddrinfo.3, gethostbyname.3, getnameinfo.3, getspnam.3, login.3, printf.3, regex.3, stdio.3, sysconf.3, termios.3, ttyslot.3, undocumented.3, wordexp.3, console_codes.4, initrd.4, mouse.4, random.4, st.4, tty_ioctl.4, wavelan.4, charmap.5, dir_colors.5, hosts.5, termcap.5, armscii-8.7, boot.7, bootparam.7, capabilities.7, charsets.7, ddp.7, futex.7, glob.7, ipv6.7, iso_8859-1.7, iso_8859-10.7, iso_8859-11.7, iso_8859-13.7, iso_8859-14.7, iso_8859-15.7, iso_8859-16.7, iso_8859-2.7, iso_8859-3.7, iso_8859-4.7, iso_8859-5.7, iso_8859-6.7, iso_8859-7.7, iso_8859-8.7, iso_8859-9.7, koi8-r.7, koi8-u.7, man.7, numa.7, path_resolution.7, pipe.7, posixoptions.7, pthreads.7, pty.7, rtnetlink.7, signal.7, time.7, udp.7, udplite.7, unicode.7, uri.7, utf-8.7: G;lobal fix: remove unneeded double quotes in .SS headings
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2013-02-24 18:02:18 +00:00
|
|
|
.SS Boot-up operation
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
When booting up with
|
2008-01-12 08:55:00 +00:00
|
|
|
.BR initrd ,
|
|
|
|
the system boots as follows:
|
2007-06-15 19:32:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.IP 1. 3
|
|
|
|
The boot loader loads the kernel program and
|
2008-01-12 08:55:00 +00:00
|
|
|
.IR /dev/initrd 's
|
|
|
|
contents into memory.
|
2007-11-17 06:13:58 +00:00
|
|
|
.IP 2.
|
2007-06-15 19:32:07 +00:00
|
|
|
On kernel startup,
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
the kernel uncompresses and copies the contents of the device
|
2005-11-02 13:55:25 +00:00
|
|
|
.I /dev/initrd
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
onto device
|
|
|
|
.I /dev/ram0
|
|
|
|
and then frees the memory used by
|
2008-01-12 08:55:00 +00:00
|
|
|
.IR /dev/initrd .
|
2007-06-15 19:32:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.IP 3.
|
2009-04-03 18:00:03 +00:00
|
|
|
The kernel then read-write mounts the device
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
.I /dev/ram0
|
intro.1, time.1, access.2, acct.2, alloc_hugepages.2, bind.2, chdir.2, chmod.2, chown.2, chroot.2, clone.2, close.2, execve.2, fallocate.2, fcntl.2, getdents.2, getrusage.2, getxattr.2, init_module.2, inotify_add_watch.2, ioprio_set.2, kcmp.2, link.2, listxattr.2, lseek.2, madvise.2, mkdir.2, mknod.2, mmap.2, mount.2, move_pages.2, msgctl.2, nfsservctl.2, open.2, pivot_root.2, quotactl.2, read.2, readlink.2, removexattr.2, rename.2, rmdir.2, semctl.2, setfsgid.2, setfsuid.2, setresuid.2, setuid.2, setup.2, setxattr.2, shmctl.2, splice.2, spu_create.2, stat.2, statfs.2, swapon.2, symlink.2, sync.2, sync_file_range.2, sysfs.2, truncate.2, umount.2, unlink.2, unshare.2, ustat.2, utime.2, utimensat.2, write.2, btree.3, errno.3, fexecve.3, ftw.3, futimes.3, get_nprocs_conf.3, getcwd.3, getdirentries.3, getmntent.3, glob.3, mkfifo.3, mq_open.3, readdir.3, realpath.3, recno.3, remove.3, sem_open.3, shm_open.3, statvfs.3, sysconf.3, telldir.3, tmpfile.3, cciss.4, initrd.4, pts.4, sk98lin.4, vcs.4, core.5, filesystems.5, proc.5, boot.7, bootparam.7, capabilities.7, cpuset.7, credentials.7, feature_test_macros.7, fifo.7, hier.7, inotify.7, intro.7, mq_overview.7, path_resolution.7, pipe.7, sem_overview.7, shm_overview.7, spufs.7, symlink.7, unix.7, uri.7, sync.8: Global fix: s/file system/filesystem/
Notwithstanding 24d01c530c5a3f75217543d02bf6712395e5f90c,
"filesystem" is the form used by the great majority of man pages
outside the man-pages project and in a number of other sources,
so let's go with that.
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2013-08-08 08:07:57 +00:00
|
|
|
as the initial root filesystem.
|
2007-06-15 19:32:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.IP 4.
|
intro.1, time.1, access.2, acct.2, alloc_hugepages.2, bind.2, chdir.2, chmod.2, chown.2, chroot.2, clone.2, close.2, execve.2, fallocate.2, fcntl.2, getdents.2, getrusage.2, getxattr.2, init_module.2, inotify_add_watch.2, ioprio_set.2, kcmp.2, link.2, listxattr.2, lseek.2, madvise.2, mkdir.2, mknod.2, mmap.2, mount.2, move_pages.2, msgctl.2, nfsservctl.2, open.2, pivot_root.2, quotactl.2, read.2, readlink.2, removexattr.2, rename.2, rmdir.2, semctl.2, setfsgid.2, setfsuid.2, setresuid.2, setuid.2, setup.2, setxattr.2, shmctl.2, splice.2, spu_create.2, stat.2, statfs.2, swapon.2, symlink.2, sync.2, sync_file_range.2, sysfs.2, truncate.2, umount.2, unlink.2, unshare.2, ustat.2, utime.2, utimensat.2, write.2, btree.3, errno.3, fexecve.3, ftw.3, futimes.3, get_nprocs_conf.3, getcwd.3, getdirentries.3, getmntent.3, glob.3, mkfifo.3, mq_open.3, readdir.3, realpath.3, recno.3, remove.3, sem_open.3, shm_open.3, statvfs.3, sysconf.3, telldir.3, tmpfile.3, cciss.4, initrd.4, pts.4, sk98lin.4, vcs.4, core.5, filesystems.5, proc.5, boot.7, bootparam.7, capabilities.7, cpuset.7, credentials.7, feature_test_macros.7, fifo.7, hier.7, inotify.7, intro.7, mq_overview.7, path_resolution.7, pipe.7, sem_overview.7, shm_overview.7, spufs.7, symlink.7, unix.7, uri.7, sync.8: Global fix: s/file system/filesystem/
Notwithstanding 24d01c530c5a3f75217543d02bf6712395e5f90c,
"filesystem" is the form used by the great majority of man pages
outside the man-pages project and in a number of other sources,
so let's go with that.
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2013-08-08 08:07:57 +00:00
|
|
|
If the indicated normal root filesystem is also the initial
|
|
|
|
root filesystem (e.g.,
|
2009-04-03 18:00:03 +00:00
|
|
|
.IR /dev/ram0 )
|
|
|
|
then the kernel skips to the last step for the usual boot sequence.
|
2007-06-15 19:32:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.IP 5.
|
|
|
|
If the executable file
|
2008-01-12 08:55:00 +00:00
|
|
|
.IR /linuxrc
|
intro.1, time.1, access.2, acct.2, alloc_hugepages.2, bind.2, chdir.2, chmod.2, chown.2, chroot.2, clone.2, close.2, execve.2, fallocate.2, fcntl.2, getdents.2, getrusage.2, getxattr.2, init_module.2, inotify_add_watch.2, ioprio_set.2, kcmp.2, link.2, listxattr.2, lseek.2, madvise.2, mkdir.2, mknod.2, mmap.2, mount.2, move_pages.2, msgctl.2, nfsservctl.2, open.2, pivot_root.2, quotactl.2, read.2, readlink.2, removexattr.2, rename.2, rmdir.2, semctl.2, setfsgid.2, setfsuid.2, setresuid.2, setuid.2, setup.2, setxattr.2, shmctl.2, splice.2, spu_create.2, stat.2, statfs.2, swapon.2, symlink.2, sync.2, sync_file_range.2, sysfs.2, truncate.2, umount.2, unlink.2, unshare.2, ustat.2, utime.2, utimensat.2, write.2, btree.3, errno.3, fexecve.3, ftw.3, futimes.3, get_nprocs_conf.3, getcwd.3, getdirentries.3, getmntent.3, glob.3, mkfifo.3, mq_open.3, readdir.3, realpath.3, recno.3, remove.3, sem_open.3, shm_open.3, statvfs.3, sysconf.3, telldir.3, tmpfile.3, cciss.4, initrd.4, pts.4, sk98lin.4, vcs.4, core.5, filesystems.5, proc.5, boot.7, bootparam.7, capabilities.7, cpuset.7, credentials.7, feature_test_macros.7, fifo.7, hier.7, inotify.7, intro.7, mq_overview.7, path_resolution.7, pipe.7, sem_overview.7, shm_overview.7, spufs.7, symlink.7, unix.7, uri.7, sync.8: Global fix: s/file system/filesystem/
Notwithstanding 24d01c530c5a3f75217543d02bf6712395e5f90c,
"filesystem" is the form used by the great majority of man pages
outside the man-pages project and in a number of other sources,
so let's go with that.
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2013-08-08 08:07:57 +00:00
|
|
|
is present in the initial root filesystem,
|
2008-01-12 08:55:00 +00:00
|
|
|
.I /linuxrc
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
is executed with UID 0.
|
|
|
|
(The file
|
2005-11-02 13:55:25 +00:00
|
|
|
.I /linuxrc
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
must have executable permission.
|
|
|
|
The file
|
2005-11-02 13:55:25 +00:00
|
|
|
.I /linuxrc
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
can be any valid executable, including a shell script.)
|
2007-06-15 19:32:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.IP 6.
|
|
|
|
If
|
2005-11-02 13:55:25 +00:00
|
|
|
.I /linuxrc
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
is not executed or when
|
2005-11-02 13:55:25 +00:00
|
|
|
.I /linuxrc
|
intro.1, time.1, access.2, acct.2, alloc_hugepages.2, bind.2, chdir.2, chmod.2, chown.2, chroot.2, clone.2, close.2, execve.2, fallocate.2, fcntl.2, getdents.2, getrusage.2, getxattr.2, init_module.2, inotify_add_watch.2, ioprio_set.2, kcmp.2, link.2, listxattr.2, lseek.2, madvise.2, mkdir.2, mknod.2, mmap.2, mount.2, move_pages.2, msgctl.2, nfsservctl.2, open.2, pivot_root.2, quotactl.2, read.2, readlink.2, removexattr.2, rename.2, rmdir.2, semctl.2, setfsgid.2, setfsuid.2, setresuid.2, setuid.2, setup.2, setxattr.2, shmctl.2, splice.2, spu_create.2, stat.2, statfs.2, swapon.2, symlink.2, sync.2, sync_file_range.2, sysfs.2, truncate.2, umount.2, unlink.2, unshare.2, ustat.2, utime.2, utimensat.2, write.2, btree.3, errno.3, fexecve.3, ftw.3, futimes.3, get_nprocs_conf.3, getcwd.3, getdirentries.3, getmntent.3, glob.3, mkfifo.3, mq_open.3, readdir.3, realpath.3, recno.3, remove.3, sem_open.3, shm_open.3, statvfs.3, sysconf.3, telldir.3, tmpfile.3, cciss.4, initrd.4, pts.4, sk98lin.4, vcs.4, core.5, filesystems.5, proc.5, boot.7, bootparam.7, capabilities.7, cpuset.7, credentials.7, feature_test_macros.7, fifo.7, hier.7, inotify.7, intro.7, mq_overview.7, path_resolution.7, pipe.7, sem_overview.7, shm_overview.7, spufs.7, symlink.7, unix.7, uri.7, sync.8: Global fix: s/file system/filesystem/
Notwithstanding 24d01c530c5a3f75217543d02bf6712395e5f90c,
"filesystem" is the form used by the great majority of man pages
outside the man-pages project and in a number of other sources,
so let's go with that.
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2013-08-08 08:07:57 +00:00
|
|
|
terminates, the normal root filesystem is mounted.
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
(If
|
2007-09-20 16:26:31 +00:00
|
|
|
.I /linuxrc
|
intro.1, time.1, access.2, acct.2, alloc_hugepages.2, bind.2, chdir.2, chmod.2, chown.2, chroot.2, clone.2, close.2, execve.2, fallocate.2, fcntl.2, getdents.2, getrusage.2, getxattr.2, init_module.2, inotify_add_watch.2, ioprio_set.2, kcmp.2, link.2, listxattr.2, lseek.2, madvise.2, mkdir.2, mknod.2, mmap.2, mount.2, move_pages.2, msgctl.2, nfsservctl.2, open.2, pivot_root.2, quotactl.2, read.2, readlink.2, removexattr.2, rename.2, rmdir.2, semctl.2, setfsgid.2, setfsuid.2, setresuid.2, setuid.2, setup.2, setxattr.2, shmctl.2, splice.2, spu_create.2, stat.2, statfs.2, swapon.2, symlink.2, sync.2, sync_file_range.2, sysfs.2, truncate.2, umount.2, unlink.2, unshare.2, ustat.2, utime.2, utimensat.2, write.2, btree.3, errno.3, fexecve.3, ftw.3, futimes.3, get_nprocs_conf.3, getcwd.3, getdirentries.3, getmntent.3, glob.3, mkfifo.3, mq_open.3, readdir.3, realpath.3, recno.3, remove.3, sem_open.3, shm_open.3, statvfs.3, sysconf.3, telldir.3, tmpfile.3, cciss.4, initrd.4, pts.4, sk98lin.4, vcs.4, core.5, filesystems.5, proc.5, boot.7, bootparam.7, capabilities.7, cpuset.7, credentials.7, feature_test_macros.7, fifo.7, hier.7, inotify.7, intro.7, mq_overview.7, path_resolution.7, pipe.7, sem_overview.7, shm_overview.7, spufs.7, symlink.7, unix.7, uri.7, sync.8: Global fix: s/file system/filesystem/
Notwithstanding 24d01c530c5a3f75217543d02bf6712395e5f90c,
"filesystem" is the form used by the great majority of man pages
outside the man-pages project and in a number of other sources,
so let's go with that.
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2013-08-08 08:07:57 +00:00
|
|
|
exits with any filesystems mounted on the initial root
|
|
|
|
filesystem, then the behavior of the kernel is
|
2008-01-12 08:55:00 +00:00
|
|
|
.BR UNSPECIFIED .
|
2007-12-10 06:42:35 +00:00
|
|
|
See the NOTES section for the current kernel behavior.)
|
2007-06-15 19:32:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.IP 7.
|
intro.1, time.1, access.2, acct.2, alloc_hugepages.2, bind.2, chdir.2, chmod.2, chown.2, chroot.2, clone.2, close.2, execve.2, fallocate.2, fcntl.2, getdents.2, getrusage.2, getxattr.2, init_module.2, inotify_add_watch.2, ioprio_set.2, kcmp.2, link.2, listxattr.2, lseek.2, madvise.2, mkdir.2, mknod.2, mmap.2, mount.2, move_pages.2, msgctl.2, nfsservctl.2, open.2, pivot_root.2, quotactl.2, read.2, readlink.2, removexattr.2, rename.2, rmdir.2, semctl.2, setfsgid.2, setfsuid.2, setresuid.2, setuid.2, setup.2, setxattr.2, shmctl.2, splice.2, spu_create.2, stat.2, statfs.2, swapon.2, symlink.2, sync.2, sync_file_range.2, sysfs.2, truncate.2, umount.2, unlink.2, unshare.2, ustat.2, utime.2, utimensat.2, write.2, btree.3, errno.3, fexecve.3, ftw.3, futimes.3, get_nprocs_conf.3, getcwd.3, getdirentries.3, getmntent.3, glob.3, mkfifo.3, mq_open.3, readdir.3, realpath.3, recno.3, remove.3, sem_open.3, shm_open.3, statvfs.3, sysconf.3, telldir.3, tmpfile.3, cciss.4, initrd.4, pts.4, sk98lin.4, vcs.4, core.5, filesystems.5, proc.5, boot.7, bootparam.7, capabilities.7, cpuset.7, credentials.7, feature_test_macros.7, fifo.7, hier.7, inotify.7, intro.7, mq_overview.7, path_resolution.7, pipe.7, sem_overview.7, shm_overview.7, spufs.7, symlink.7, unix.7, uri.7, sync.8: Global fix: s/file system/filesystem/
Notwithstanding 24d01c530c5a3f75217543d02bf6712395e5f90c,
"filesystem" is the form used by the great majority of man pages
outside the man-pages project and in a number of other sources,
so let's go with that.
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2013-08-08 08:07:57 +00:00
|
|
|
If the normal root filesystem has a directory
|
2008-01-12 08:55:00 +00:00
|
|
|
.IR /initrd ,
|
2009-04-03 18:00:03 +00:00
|
|
|
the device
|
2005-11-02 13:55:25 +00:00
|
|
|
.I /dev/ram0
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
is moved from
|
2008-01-12 08:55:00 +00:00
|
|
|
.IR /
|
|
|
|
to
|
|
|
|
.IR /initrd .
|
time.1, get_kernel_syms.2, getitimer.2, open.2, perf_event_open.2, wait.2, alloca.3, bcmp.3, catopen.3, fputwc.3, iconv.3, iswalnum.3, iswalpha.3, iswblank.3, iswcntrl.3, iswctype.3, iswdigit.3, iswgraph.3, iswlower.3, iswprint.3, iswpunct.3, iswspace.3, iswupper.3, iswxdigit.3, mbsinit.3, putwchar.3, rcmd.3, rexec.3, sigqueue.3, strverscmp.3, wctrans.3, wctype.3, wcwidth.3, console_codes.4, initrd.4, st.4, elf.5, nss.5, ip.7, netdevice.7, path_resolution.7, socket.7, udp.7, ld.so.8: grfix: s/Otherwise /Otherwise, /
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2014-04-28 08:15:47 +00:00
|
|
|
Otherwise, if the directory
|
2008-01-12 09:33:09 +00:00
|
|
|
.IR /initrd
|
2009-04-03 18:00:03 +00:00
|
|
|
does not exist, the device
|
2008-01-12 08:55:00 +00:00
|
|
|
.I /dev/ram0
|
|
|
|
is unmounted.
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
(When moved from
|
2008-01-12 08:55:00 +00:00
|
|
|
.IR /
|
2008-01-12 09:33:09 +00:00
|
|
|
to
|
|
|
|
.IR /initrd ,
|
2008-01-12 08:55:00 +00:00
|
|
|
.I /dev/ram0
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
is not unmounted and therefore processes can remain running from
|
2008-01-12 08:55:00 +00:00
|
|
|
.IR /dev/ram0 .
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
If directory
|
2007-09-20 16:26:31 +00:00
|
|
|
.I /initrd
|
intro.1, time.1, access.2, acct.2, alloc_hugepages.2, bind.2, chdir.2, chmod.2, chown.2, chroot.2, clone.2, close.2, execve.2, fallocate.2, fcntl.2, getdents.2, getrusage.2, getxattr.2, init_module.2, inotify_add_watch.2, ioprio_set.2, kcmp.2, link.2, listxattr.2, lseek.2, madvise.2, mkdir.2, mknod.2, mmap.2, mount.2, move_pages.2, msgctl.2, nfsservctl.2, open.2, pivot_root.2, quotactl.2, read.2, readlink.2, removexattr.2, rename.2, rmdir.2, semctl.2, setfsgid.2, setfsuid.2, setresuid.2, setuid.2, setup.2, setxattr.2, shmctl.2, splice.2, spu_create.2, stat.2, statfs.2, swapon.2, symlink.2, sync.2, sync_file_range.2, sysfs.2, truncate.2, umount.2, unlink.2, unshare.2, ustat.2, utime.2, utimensat.2, write.2, btree.3, errno.3, fexecve.3, ftw.3, futimes.3, get_nprocs_conf.3, getcwd.3, getdirentries.3, getmntent.3, glob.3, mkfifo.3, mq_open.3, readdir.3, realpath.3, recno.3, remove.3, sem_open.3, shm_open.3, statvfs.3, sysconf.3, telldir.3, tmpfile.3, cciss.4, initrd.4, pts.4, sk98lin.4, vcs.4, core.5, filesystems.5, proc.5, boot.7, bootparam.7, capabilities.7, cpuset.7, credentials.7, feature_test_macros.7, fifo.7, hier.7, inotify.7, intro.7, mq_overview.7, path_resolution.7, pipe.7, sem_overview.7, shm_overview.7, spufs.7, symlink.7, unix.7, uri.7, sync.8: Global fix: s/file system/filesystem/
Notwithstanding 24d01c530c5a3f75217543d02bf6712395e5f90c,
"filesystem" is the form used by the great majority of man pages
outside the man-pages project and in a number of other sources,
so let's go with that.
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2013-08-08 08:07:57 +00:00
|
|
|
does not exist on the normal root filesystem
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
and any processes remain running from
|
2008-01-12 09:33:09 +00:00
|
|
|
.IR /dev/ram0
|
2008-01-12 08:55:00 +00:00
|
|
|
when
|
|
|
|
.I /linuxrc
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
exits, the behavior of the kernel is
|
2008-01-12 08:55:00 +00:00
|
|
|
.BR UNSPECIFIED .
|
2007-12-10 06:42:35 +00:00
|
|
|
See the NOTES section for the current kernel behavior.)
|
2007-06-15 19:32:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.IP 8.
|
2008-09-10 03:40:20 +00:00
|
|
|
The usual boot sequence (e.g., invocation of
|
2005-11-02 13:55:25 +00:00
|
|
|
.IR /sbin/init )
|
intro.1, time.1, access.2, acct.2, alloc_hugepages.2, bind.2, chdir.2, chmod.2, chown.2, chroot.2, clone.2, close.2, execve.2, fallocate.2, fcntl.2, getdents.2, getrusage.2, getxattr.2, init_module.2, inotify_add_watch.2, ioprio_set.2, kcmp.2, link.2, listxattr.2, lseek.2, madvise.2, mkdir.2, mknod.2, mmap.2, mount.2, move_pages.2, msgctl.2, nfsservctl.2, open.2, pivot_root.2, quotactl.2, read.2, readlink.2, removexattr.2, rename.2, rmdir.2, semctl.2, setfsgid.2, setfsuid.2, setresuid.2, setuid.2, setup.2, setxattr.2, shmctl.2, splice.2, spu_create.2, stat.2, statfs.2, swapon.2, symlink.2, sync.2, sync_file_range.2, sysfs.2, truncate.2, umount.2, unlink.2, unshare.2, ustat.2, utime.2, utimensat.2, write.2, btree.3, errno.3, fexecve.3, ftw.3, futimes.3, get_nprocs_conf.3, getcwd.3, getdirentries.3, getmntent.3, glob.3, mkfifo.3, mq_open.3, readdir.3, realpath.3, recno.3, remove.3, sem_open.3, shm_open.3, statvfs.3, sysconf.3, telldir.3, tmpfile.3, cciss.4, initrd.4, pts.4, sk98lin.4, vcs.4, core.5, filesystems.5, proc.5, boot.7, bootparam.7, capabilities.7, cpuset.7, credentials.7, feature_test_macros.7, fifo.7, hier.7, inotify.7, intro.7, mq_overview.7, path_resolution.7, pipe.7, sem_overview.7, shm_overview.7, spufs.7, symlink.7, unix.7, uri.7, sync.8: Global fix: s/file system/filesystem/
Notwithstanding 24d01c530c5a3f75217543d02bf6712395e5f90c,
"filesystem" is the form used by the great majority of man pages
outside the man-pages project and in a number of other sources,
so let's go with that.
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2013-08-08 08:07:57 +00:00
|
|
|
is performed on the normal root filesystem.
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
.\"
|
|
|
|
.\"
|
|
|
|
.\"
|
2007-06-15 19:32:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.SS Options
|
2009-04-03 18:00:03 +00:00
|
|
|
The following boot loader options, when used with
|
2008-01-12 08:55:00 +00:00
|
|
|
.BR initrd ,
|
|
|
|
affect the kernel's boot-up operation:
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.BI initrd= "filename"
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
Specifies the file to load as the contents of
|
2008-01-12 08:55:00 +00:00
|
|
|
.IR /dev/initrd .
|
2006-05-31 22:16:55 +00:00
|
|
|
For
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
.B LOADLIN
|
2008-03-19 08:37:35 +00:00
|
|
|
this is a command-line option.
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
For
|
|
|
|
.B LILO
|
|
|
|
you have to use this command in the
|
|
|
|
.B LILO
|
|
|
|
configuration file
|
2005-11-02 13:55:25 +00:00
|
|
|
.IR /etc/lilo.config .
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
The filename specified with this
|
intro.1, time.1, access.2, acct.2, alloc_hugepages.2, bind.2, chdir.2, chmod.2, chown.2, chroot.2, clone.2, close.2, execve.2, fallocate.2, fcntl.2, getdents.2, getrusage.2, getxattr.2, init_module.2, inotify_add_watch.2, ioprio_set.2, kcmp.2, link.2, listxattr.2, lseek.2, madvise.2, mkdir.2, mknod.2, mmap.2, mount.2, move_pages.2, msgctl.2, nfsservctl.2, open.2, pivot_root.2, quotactl.2, read.2, readlink.2, removexattr.2, rename.2, rmdir.2, semctl.2, setfsgid.2, setfsuid.2, setresuid.2, setuid.2, setup.2, setxattr.2, shmctl.2, splice.2, spu_create.2, stat.2, statfs.2, swapon.2, symlink.2, sync.2, sync_file_range.2, sysfs.2, truncate.2, umount.2, unlink.2, unshare.2, ustat.2, utime.2, utimensat.2, write.2, btree.3, errno.3, fexecve.3, ftw.3, futimes.3, get_nprocs_conf.3, getcwd.3, getdirentries.3, getmntent.3, glob.3, mkfifo.3, mq_open.3, readdir.3, realpath.3, recno.3, remove.3, sem_open.3, shm_open.3, statvfs.3, sysconf.3, telldir.3, tmpfile.3, cciss.4, initrd.4, pts.4, sk98lin.4, vcs.4, core.5, filesystems.5, proc.5, boot.7, bootparam.7, capabilities.7, cpuset.7, credentials.7, feature_test_macros.7, fifo.7, hier.7, inotify.7, intro.7, mq_overview.7, path_resolution.7, pipe.7, sem_overview.7, shm_overview.7, spufs.7, symlink.7, unix.7, uri.7, sync.8: Global fix: s/file system/filesystem/
Notwithstanding 24d01c530c5a3f75217543d02bf6712395e5f90c,
"filesystem" is the form used by the great majority of man pages
outside the man-pages project and in a number of other sources,
so let's go with that.
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2013-08-08 08:07:57 +00:00
|
|
|
option will typically be a gzipped filesystem image.
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.TP
|
2005-11-02 13:55:25 +00:00
|
|
|
.I noinitrd
|
2009-04-03 18:00:03 +00:00
|
|
|
This boot option disables the two-phase boot-up operation.
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
The kernel performs the usual boot sequence as if
|
|
|
|
.I /dev/initrd
|
|
|
|
was not initialized.
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
With this option, any contents of
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
.I /dev/initrd
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
loaded into memory by the boot loader contents are preserved.
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
This option permits the contents of
|
|
|
|
.I /dev/initrd
|
intro.1, time.1, access.2, acct.2, alloc_hugepages.2, bind.2, chdir.2, chmod.2, chown.2, chroot.2, clone.2, close.2, execve.2, fallocate.2, fcntl.2, getdents.2, getrusage.2, getxattr.2, init_module.2, inotify_add_watch.2, ioprio_set.2, kcmp.2, link.2, listxattr.2, lseek.2, madvise.2, mkdir.2, mknod.2, mmap.2, mount.2, move_pages.2, msgctl.2, nfsservctl.2, open.2, pivot_root.2, quotactl.2, read.2, readlink.2, removexattr.2, rename.2, rmdir.2, semctl.2, setfsgid.2, setfsuid.2, setresuid.2, setuid.2, setup.2, setxattr.2, shmctl.2, splice.2, spu_create.2, stat.2, statfs.2, swapon.2, symlink.2, sync.2, sync_file_range.2, sysfs.2, truncate.2, umount.2, unlink.2, unshare.2, ustat.2, utime.2, utimensat.2, write.2, btree.3, errno.3, fexecve.3, ftw.3, futimes.3, get_nprocs_conf.3, getcwd.3, getdirentries.3, getmntent.3, glob.3, mkfifo.3, mq_open.3, readdir.3, realpath.3, recno.3, remove.3, sem_open.3, shm_open.3, statvfs.3, sysconf.3, telldir.3, tmpfile.3, cciss.4, initrd.4, pts.4, sk98lin.4, vcs.4, core.5, filesystems.5, proc.5, boot.7, bootparam.7, capabilities.7, cpuset.7, credentials.7, feature_test_macros.7, fifo.7, hier.7, inotify.7, intro.7, mq_overview.7, path_resolution.7, pipe.7, sem_overview.7, shm_overview.7, spufs.7, symlink.7, unix.7, uri.7, sync.8: Global fix: s/file system/filesystem/
Notwithstanding 24d01c530c5a3f75217543d02bf6712395e5f90c,
"filesystem" is the form used by the great majority of man pages
outside the man-pages project and in a number of other sources,
so let's go with that.
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2013-08-08 08:07:57 +00:00
|
|
|
to be any data and need not be limited to a filesystem image.
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
However, device
|
2005-11-02 13:55:25 +00:00
|
|
|
.I /dev/initrd
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
is read-only and can be read only one time after system startup.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.BI root= "device-name"
|
intro.1, time.1, access.2, acct.2, alloc_hugepages.2, bind.2, chdir.2, chmod.2, chown.2, chroot.2, clone.2, close.2, execve.2, fallocate.2, fcntl.2, getdents.2, getrusage.2, getxattr.2, init_module.2, inotify_add_watch.2, ioprio_set.2, kcmp.2, link.2, listxattr.2, lseek.2, madvise.2, mkdir.2, mknod.2, mmap.2, mount.2, move_pages.2, msgctl.2, nfsservctl.2, open.2, pivot_root.2, quotactl.2, read.2, readlink.2, removexattr.2, rename.2, rmdir.2, semctl.2, setfsgid.2, setfsuid.2, setresuid.2, setuid.2, setup.2, setxattr.2, shmctl.2, splice.2, spu_create.2, stat.2, statfs.2, swapon.2, symlink.2, sync.2, sync_file_range.2, sysfs.2, truncate.2, umount.2, unlink.2, unshare.2, ustat.2, utime.2, utimensat.2, write.2, btree.3, errno.3, fexecve.3, ftw.3, futimes.3, get_nprocs_conf.3, getcwd.3, getdirentries.3, getmntent.3, glob.3, mkfifo.3, mq_open.3, readdir.3, realpath.3, recno.3, remove.3, sem_open.3, shm_open.3, statvfs.3, sysconf.3, telldir.3, tmpfile.3, cciss.4, initrd.4, pts.4, sk98lin.4, vcs.4, core.5, filesystems.5, proc.5, boot.7, bootparam.7, capabilities.7, cpuset.7, credentials.7, feature_test_macros.7, fifo.7, hier.7, inotify.7, intro.7, mq_overview.7, path_resolution.7, pipe.7, sem_overview.7, shm_overview.7, spufs.7, symlink.7, unix.7, uri.7, sync.8: Global fix: s/file system/filesystem/
Notwithstanding 24d01c530c5a3f75217543d02bf6712395e5f90c,
"filesystem" is the form used by the great majority of man pages
outside the man-pages project and in a number of other sources,
so let's go with that.
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2013-08-08 08:07:57 +00:00
|
|
|
Specifies the device to be used as the normal root filesystem.
|
2008-01-12 08:55:00 +00:00
|
|
|
For
|
|
|
|
.B LOADLIN
|
2008-03-19 08:37:35 +00:00
|
|
|
this is a command-line option.
|
2008-01-12 08:55:00 +00:00
|
|
|
For
|
|
|
|
.B LILO
|
|
|
|
this is a boot time option or
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
can be used as an option line in the
|
2008-01-12 08:55:00 +00:00
|
|
|
.B LILO
|
2008-01-12 09:33:09 +00:00
|
|
|
configuration file
|
2008-01-12 08:55:00 +00:00
|
|
|
.IR /etc/lilo.config .
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
The device specified by the this option must be a mountable
|
intro.1, time.1, access.2, acct.2, alloc_hugepages.2, bind.2, chdir.2, chmod.2, chown.2, chroot.2, clone.2, close.2, execve.2, fallocate.2, fcntl.2, getdents.2, getrusage.2, getxattr.2, init_module.2, inotify_add_watch.2, ioprio_set.2, kcmp.2, link.2, listxattr.2, lseek.2, madvise.2, mkdir.2, mknod.2, mmap.2, mount.2, move_pages.2, msgctl.2, nfsservctl.2, open.2, pivot_root.2, quotactl.2, read.2, readlink.2, removexattr.2, rename.2, rmdir.2, semctl.2, setfsgid.2, setfsuid.2, setresuid.2, setuid.2, setup.2, setxattr.2, shmctl.2, splice.2, spu_create.2, stat.2, statfs.2, swapon.2, symlink.2, sync.2, sync_file_range.2, sysfs.2, truncate.2, umount.2, unlink.2, unshare.2, ustat.2, utime.2, utimensat.2, write.2, btree.3, errno.3, fexecve.3, ftw.3, futimes.3, get_nprocs_conf.3, getcwd.3, getdirentries.3, getmntent.3, glob.3, mkfifo.3, mq_open.3, readdir.3, realpath.3, recno.3, remove.3, sem_open.3, shm_open.3, statvfs.3, sysconf.3, telldir.3, tmpfile.3, cciss.4, initrd.4, pts.4, sk98lin.4, vcs.4, core.5, filesystems.5, proc.5, boot.7, bootparam.7, capabilities.7, cpuset.7, credentials.7, feature_test_macros.7, fifo.7, hier.7, inotify.7, intro.7, mq_overview.7, path_resolution.7, pipe.7, sem_overview.7, shm_overview.7, spufs.7, symlink.7, unix.7, uri.7, sync.8: Global fix: s/file system/filesystem/
Notwithstanding 24d01c530c5a3f75217543d02bf6712395e5f90c,
"filesystem" is the form used by the great majority of man pages
outside the man-pages project and in a number of other sources,
so let's go with that.
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2013-08-08 08:07:57 +00:00
|
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device having a suitable root filesystem.
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2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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.\"
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.\"
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.\"
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intro.1, time.1, access.2, acct.2, alloc_hugepages.2, bind.2, chdir.2, chmod.2, chown.2, chroot.2, clone.2, close.2, execve.2, fallocate.2, fcntl.2, getdents.2, getrusage.2, getxattr.2, init_module.2, inotify_add_watch.2, ioprio_set.2, kcmp.2, link.2, listxattr.2, lseek.2, madvise.2, mkdir.2, mknod.2, mmap.2, mount.2, move_pages.2, msgctl.2, nfsservctl.2, open.2, pivot_root.2, quotactl.2, read.2, readlink.2, removexattr.2, rename.2, rmdir.2, semctl.2, setfsgid.2, setfsuid.2, setresuid.2, setuid.2, setup.2, setxattr.2, shmctl.2, splice.2, spu_create.2, stat.2, statfs.2, swapon.2, symlink.2, sync.2, sync_file_range.2, sysfs.2, truncate.2, umount.2, unlink.2, unshare.2, ustat.2, utime.2, utimensat.2, write.2, btree.3, errno.3, fexecve.3, ftw.3, futimes.3, get_nprocs_conf.3, getcwd.3, getdirentries.3, getmntent.3, glob.3, mkfifo.3, mq_open.3, readdir.3, realpath.3, recno.3, remove.3, sem_open.3, shm_open.3, statvfs.3, sysconf.3, telldir.3, tmpfile.3, cciss.4, initrd.4, pts.4, sk98lin.4, vcs.4, core.5, filesystems.5, proc.5, boot.7, bootparam.7, capabilities.7, cpuset.7, credentials.7, feature_test_macros.7, fifo.7, hier.7, inotify.7, intro.7, mq_overview.7, path_resolution.7, pipe.7, sem_overview.7, shm_overview.7, spufs.7, symlink.7, unix.7, uri.7, sync.8: Global fix: s/file system/filesystem/
Notwithstanding 24d01c530c5a3f75217543d02bf6712395e5f90c,
"filesystem" is the form used by the great majority of man pages
outside the man-pages project and in a number of other sources,
so let's go with that.
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2013-08-08 08:07:57 +00:00
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.SS Changing the normal root filesystem
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2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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By default,
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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the kernel's settings
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2008-09-10 03:40:20 +00:00
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(e.g., set in the kernel file with
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2005-11-02 13:55:25 +00:00
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.BR rdev (8)
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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or compiled into the kernel file),
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or the boot loader option setting
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intro.1, time.1, access.2, acct.2, alloc_hugepages.2, bind.2, chdir.2, chmod.2, chown.2, chroot.2, clone.2, close.2, execve.2, fallocate.2, fcntl.2, getdents.2, getrusage.2, getxattr.2, init_module.2, inotify_add_watch.2, ioprio_set.2, kcmp.2, link.2, listxattr.2, lseek.2, madvise.2, mkdir.2, mknod.2, mmap.2, mount.2, move_pages.2, msgctl.2, nfsservctl.2, open.2, pivot_root.2, quotactl.2, read.2, readlink.2, removexattr.2, rename.2, rmdir.2, semctl.2, setfsgid.2, setfsuid.2, setresuid.2, setuid.2, setup.2, setxattr.2, shmctl.2, splice.2, spu_create.2, stat.2, statfs.2, swapon.2, symlink.2, sync.2, sync_file_range.2, sysfs.2, truncate.2, umount.2, unlink.2, unshare.2, ustat.2, utime.2, utimensat.2, write.2, btree.3, errno.3, fexecve.3, ftw.3, futimes.3, get_nprocs_conf.3, getcwd.3, getdirentries.3, getmntent.3, glob.3, mkfifo.3, mq_open.3, readdir.3, realpath.3, recno.3, remove.3, sem_open.3, shm_open.3, statvfs.3, sysconf.3, telldir.3, tmpfile.3, cciss.4, initrd.4, pts.4, sk98lin.4, vcs.4, core.5, filesystems.5, proc.5, boot.7, bootparam.7, capabilities.7, cpuset.7, credentials.7, feature_test_macros.7, fifo.7, hier.7, inotify.7, intro.7, mq_overview.7, path_resolution.7, pipe.7, sem_overview.7, shm_overview.7, spufs.7, symlink.7, unix.7, uri.7, sync.8: Global fix: s/file system/filesystem/
Notwithstanding 24d01c530c5a3f75217543d02bf6712395e5f90c,
"filesystem" is the form used by the great majority of man pages
outside the man-pages project and in a number of other sources,
so let's go with that.
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2013-08-08 08:07:57 +00:00
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is used for the normal root filesystems.
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For an NFS-mounted normal root filesystem, one has to use the
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2008-01-12 09:33:09 +00:00
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.B nfs_root_name
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2008-01-12 08:55:00 +00:00
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and
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.B nfs_root_addrs
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2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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boot options to give the NFS settings.
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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For more information on NFS-mounted root see the kernel documentation file
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2009-04-03 18:00:03 +00:00
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.BR Documentation/filesystems/nfsroot.txt .
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intro.1, time.1, access.2, acct.2, alloc_hugepages.2, bind.2, chdir.2, chmod.2, chown.2, chroot.2, clone.2, close.2, execve.2, fallocate.2, fcntl.2, getdents.2, getrusage.2, getxattr.2, init_module.2, inotify_add_watch.2, ioprio_set.2, kcmp.2, link.2, listxattr.2, lseek.2, madvise.2, mkdir.2, mknod.2, mmap.2, mount.2, move_pages.2, msgctl.2, nfsservctl.2, open.2, pivot_root.2, quotactl.2, read.2, readlink.2, removexattr.2, rename.2, rmdir.2, semctl.2, setfsgid.2, setfsuid.2, setresuid.2, setuid.2, setup.2, setxattr.2, shmctl.2, splice.2, spu_create.2, stat.2, statfs.2, swapon.2, symlink.2, sync.2, sync_file_range.2, sysfs.2, truncate.2, umount.2, unlink.2, unshare.2, ustat.2, utime.2, utimensat.2, write.2, btree.3, errno.3, fexecve.3, ftw.3, futimes.3, get_nprocs_conf.3, getcwd.3, getdirentries.3, getmntent.3, glob.3, mkfifo.3, mq_open.3, readdir.3, realpath.3, recno.3, remove.3, sem_open.3, shm_open.3, statvfs.3, sysconf.3, telldir.3, tmpfile.3, cciss.4, initrd.4, pts.4, sk98lin.4, vcs.4, core.5, filesystems.5, proc.5, boot.7, bootparam.7, capabilities.7, cpuset.7, credentials.7, feature_test_macros.7, fifo.7, hier.7, inotify.7, intro.7, mq_overview.7, path_resolution.7, pipe.7, sem_overview.7, shm_overview.7, spufs.7, symlink.7, unix.7, uri.7, sync.8: Global fix: s/file system/filesystem/
Notwithstanding 24d01c530c5a3f75217543d02bf6712395e5f90c,
"filesystem" is the form used by the great majority of man pages
outside the man-pages project and in a number of other sources,
so let's go with that.
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2013-08-08 08:07:57 +00:00
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For more information on setting the root filesystem see also the
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2008-01-12 08:55:00 +00:00
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.BR LILO
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and
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2010-08-29 04:54:31 +00:00
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.BR LOADLIN
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2008-01-12 08:55:00 +00:00
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documentation.
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.PP
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2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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It is also possible for the
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2007-09-20 16:26:31 +00:00
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.I /linuxrc
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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executable to change the normal root device.
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2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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For
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2007-09-20 16:26:31 +00:00
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.I /linuxrc
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2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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to change the normal root device,
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2008-01-12 09:33:09 +00:00
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.IR /proc
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2008-01-12 08:55:00 +00:00
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must be mounted.
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2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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After mounting
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2008-01-12 08:55:00 +00:00
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.IR /proc ,
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.I /linuxrc
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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changes the normal root device by writing into the proc files
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2008-01-12 09:33:09 +00:00
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.IR /proc/sys/kernel/real-root-dev ,
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2008-01-12 08:55:00 +00:00
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.IR /proc/sys/kernel/nfs-root-name ,
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and
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.IR /proc/sys/kernel/nfs-root-addrs .
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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For a physical root device, the root device is changed by having
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2007-09-20 16:26:31 +00:00
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.I /linuxrc
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intro.1, time.1, access.2, acct.2, alloc_hugepages.2, bind.2, chdir.2, chmod.2, chown.2, chroot.2, clone.2, close.2, execve.2, fallocate.2, fcntl.2, getdents.2, getrusage.2, getxattr.2, init_module.2, inotify_add_watch.2, ioprio_set.2, kcmp.2, link.2, listxattr.2, lseek.2, madvise.2, mkdir.2, mknod.2, mmap.2, mount.2, move_pages.2, msgctl.2, nfsservctl.2, open.2, pivot_root.2, quotactl.2, read.2, readlink.2, removexattr.2, rename.2, rmdir.2, semctl.2, setfsgid.2, setfsuid.2, setresuid.2, setuid.2, setup.2, setxattr.2, shmctl.2, splice.2, spu_create.2, stat.2, statfs.2, swapon.2, symlink.2, sync.2, sync_file_range.2, sysfs.2, truncate.2, umount.2, unlink.2, unshare.2, ustat.2, utime.2, utimensat.2, write.2, btree.3, errno.3, fexecve.3, ftw.3, futimes.3, get_nprocs_conf.3, getcwd.3, getdirentries.3, getmntent.3, glob.3, mkfifo.3, mq_open.3, readdir.3, realpath.3, recno.3, remove.3, sem_open.3, shm_open.3, statvfs.3, sysconf.3, telldir.3, tmpfile.3, cciss.4, initrd.4, pts.4, sk98lin.4, vcs.4, core.5, filesystems.5, proc.5, boot.7, bootparam.7, capabilities.7, cpuset.7, credentials.7, feature_test_macros.7, fifo.7, hier.7, inotify.7, intro.7, mq_overview.7, path_resolution.7, pipe.7, sem_overview.7, shm_overview.7, spufs.7, symlink.7, unix.7, uri.7, sync.8: Global fix: s/file system/filesystem/
Notwithstanding 24d01c530c5a3f75217543d02bf6712395e5f90c,
"filesystem" is the form used by the great majority of man pages
outside the man-pages project and in a number of other sources,
so let's go with that.
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2013-08-08 08:07:57 +00:00
|
|
|
write the new root filesystem device number into
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2008-01-12 08:55:00 +00:00
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.IR /proc/sys/kernel/real-root-dev .
|
intro.1, time.1, access.2, acct.2, alloc_hugepages.2, bind.2, chdir.2, chmod.2, chown.2, chroot.2, clone.2, close.2, execve.2, fallocate.2, fcntl.2, getdents.2, getrusage.2, getxattr.2, init_module.2, inotify_add_watch.2, ioprio_set.2, kcmp.2, link.2, listxattr.2, lseek.2, madvise.2, mkdir.2, mknod.2, mmap.2, mount.2, move_pages.2, msgctl.2, nfsservctl.2, open.2, pivot_root.2, quotactl.2, read.2, readlink.2, removexattr.2, rename.2, rmdir.2, semctl.2, setfsgid.2, setfsuid.2, setresuid.2, setuid.2, setup.2, setxattr.2, shmctl.2, splice.2, spu_create.2, stat.2, statfs.2, swapon.2, symlink.2, sync.2, sync_file_range.2, sysfs.2, truncate.2, umount.2, unlink.2, unshare.2, ustat.2, utime.2, utimensat.2, write.2, btree.3, errno.3, fexecve.3, ftw.3, futimes.3, get_nprocs_conf.3, getcwd.3, getdirentries.3, getmntent.3, glob.3, mkfifo.3, mq_open.3, readdir.3, realpath.3, recno.3, remove.3, sem_open.3, shm_open.3, statvfs.3, sysconf.3, telldir.3, tmpfile.3, cciss.4, initrd.4, pts.4, sk98lin.4, vcs.4, core.5, filesystems.5, proc.5, boot.7, bootparam.7, capabilities.7, cpuset.7, credentials.7, feature_test_macros.7, fifo.7, hier.7, inotify.7, intro.7, mq_overview.7, path_resolution.7, pipe.7, sem_overview.7, shm_overview.7, spufs.7, symlink.7, unix.7, uri.7, sync.8: Global fix: s/file system/filesystem/
Notwithstanding 24d01c530c5a3f75217543d02bf6712395e5f90c,
"filesystem" is the form used by the great majority of man pages
outside the man-pages project and in a number of other sources,
so let's go with that.
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2013-08-08 08:07:57 +00:00
|
|
|
For an NFS root filesystem, the root device is changed by having
|
2007-09-20 16:26:31 +00:00
|
|
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.I /linuxrc
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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write the NFS setting into files
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2008-01-12 08:55:00 +00:00
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.IR /proc/sys/kernel/nfs-root-name
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and
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2007-09-20 16:26:31 +00:00
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.I /proc/sys/kernel/nfs-root-addrs
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2008-09-10 03:40:20 +00:00
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and then writing 0xff (e.g., the pseudo-NFS-device number) into file
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2008-01-12 08:55:00 +00:00
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.IR /proc/sys/kernel/real-root-dev .
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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For example, the following shell command line would change
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2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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the normal root device to
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2005-11-02 13:55:25 +00:00
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.IR /dev/hdb1 :
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.nf
|
2007-04-05 13:29:41 +00:00
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echo 0x365 >/proc/sys/kernel/real-root-dev
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.fi
|
2009-04-03 18:00:03 +00:00
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For an NFS example, the following shell command lines would change the
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2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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normal root device to the NFS directory
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2007-09-20 16:26:31 +00:00
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.I /var/nfsroot
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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on a local networked NFS server with IP number 193.8.232.7 for a system with
|
2010-08-29 04:57:24 +00:00
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IP number 193.8.232.2 and named "idefix":
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.nf
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2007-04-05 13:29:41 +00:00
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echo /var/nfsroot >/proc/sys/kernel/nfs-root-name
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echo 193.8.232.2:193.8.232.7::255.255.255.0:idefix \\
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>/proc/sys/kernel/nfs-root-addrs
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echo 255 >/proc/sys/kernel/real-root-dev
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.fi
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2005-09-21 12:40:22 +00:00
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.BR Note :
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The use of
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2007-09-20 16:26:31 +00:00
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|
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.I /proc/sys/kernel/real-root-dev
|
intro.1, time.1, access.2, acct.2, alloc_hugepages.2, bind.2, chdir.2, chmod.2, chown.2, chroot.2, clone.2, close.2, execve.2, fallocate.2, fcntl.2, getdents.2, getrusage.2, getxattr.2, init_module.2, inotify_add_watch.2, ioprio_set.2, kcmp.2, link.2, listxattr.2, lseek.2, madvise.2, mkdir.2, mknod.2, mmap.2, mount.2, move_pages.2, msgctl.2, nfsservctl.2, open.2, pivot_root.2, quotactl.2, read.2, readlink.2, removexattr.2, rename.2, rmdir.2, semctl.2, setfsgid.2, setfsuid.2, setresuid.2, setuid.2, setup.2, setxattr.2, shmctl.2, splice.2, spu_create.2, stat.2, statfs.2, swapon.2, symlink.2, sync.2, sync_file_range.2, sysfs.2, truncate.2, umount.2, unlink.2, unshare.2, ustat.2, utime.2, utimensat.2, write.2, btree.3, errno.3, fexecve.3, ftw.3, futimes.3, get_nprocs_conf.3, getcwd.3, getdirentries.3, getmntent.3, glob.3, mkfifo.3, mq_open.3, readdir.3, realpath.3, recno.3, remove.3, sem_open.3, shm_open.3, statvfs.3, sysconf.3, telldir.3, tmpfile.3, cciss.4, initrd.4, pts.4, sk98lin.4, vcs.4, core.5, filesystems.5, proc.5, boot.7, bootparam.7, capabilities.7, cpuset.7, credentials.7, feature_test_macros.7, fifo.7, hier.7, inotify.7, intro.7, mq_overview.7, path_resolution.7, pipe.7, sem_overview.7, shm_overview.7, spufs.7, symlink.7, unix.7, uri.7, sync.8: Global fix: s/file system/filesystem/
Notwithstanding 24d01c530c5a3f75217543d02bf6712395e5f90c,
"filesystem" is the form used by the great majority of man pages
outside the man-pages project and in a number of other sources,
so let's go with that.
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2013-08-08 08:07:57 +00:00
|
|
|
to change the root filesystem is obsolete.
|
bdflush.2, get_robust_list.2, kexec_load.2, madvise.2, mmap.2, mount.2, prctl.2, query_module.2, rt_sigqueueinfo.2, shmget.2, sigaction.2, syscalls.2, umount.2, malloc.3, hpsa.4, initrd.4, proc.5, bootparam.7, icmp.7, netlink.7, signal.7: Global fix: use "Linux kernel source" consistently
Rather than "kernel source".
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2012-09-24 08:02:34 +00:00
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|
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See the Linux kernel source file
|
2005-09-21 12:40:22 +00:00
|
|
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.I Documentation/initrd.txt
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as well as
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.BR pivot_root (2)
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and
|
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.BR pivot_root (8)
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intro.1, time.1, access.2, acct.2, alloc_hugepages.2, bind.2, chdir.2, chmod.2, chown.2, chroot.2, clone.2, close.2, execve.2, fallocate.2, fcntl.2, getdents.2, getrusage.2, getxattr.2, init_module.2, inotify_add_watch.2, ioprio_set.2, kcmp.2, link.2, listxattr.2, lseek.2, madvise.2, mkdir.2, mknod.2, mmap.2, mount.2, move_pages.2, msgctl.2, nfsservctl.2, open.2, pivot_root.2, quotactl.2, read.2, readlink.2, removexattr.2, rename.2, rmdir.2, semctl.2, setfsgid.2, setfsuid.2, setresuid.2, setuid.2, setup.2, setxattr.2, shmctl.2, splice.2, spu_create.2, stat.2, statfs.2, swapon.2, symlink.2, sync.2, sync_file_range.2, sysfs.2, truncate.2, umount.2, unlink.2, unshare.2, ustat.2, utime.2, utimensat.2, write.2, btree.3, errno.3, fexecve.3, ftw.3, futimes.3, get_nprocs_conf.3, getcwd.3, getdirentries.3, getmntent.3, glob.3, mkfifo.3, mq_open.3, readdir.3, realpath.3, recno.3, remove.3, sem_open.3, shm_open.3, statvfs.3, sysconf.3, telldir.3, tmpfile.3, cciss.4, initrd.4, pts.4, sk98lin.4, vcs.4, core.5, filesystems.5, proc.5, boot.7, bootparam.7, capabilities.7, cpuset.7, credentials.7, feature_test_macros.7, fifo.7, hier.7, inotify.7, intro.7, mq_overview.7, path_resolution.7, pipe.7, sem_overview.7, shm_overview.7, spufs.7, symlink.7, unix.7, uri.7, sync.8: Global fix: s/file system/filesystem/
Notwithstanding 24d01c530c5a3f75217543d02bf6712395e5f90c,
"filesystem" is the form used by the great majority of man pages
outside the man-pages project and in a number of other sources,
so let's go with that.
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2013-08-08 08:07:57 +00:00
|
|
|
for information on the modern method of changing the root filesystem.
|
adjtimex.2, bind.2, cacheflush.2, clone.2, fallocate.2, fanotify_init.2, fanotify_mark.2, flock.2, futex.2, getdents.2, getpriority.2, getrlimit.2, gettid.2, gettimeofday.2, ioprio_set.2, kexec_load.2, migrate_pages.2, modify_ldt.2, mount.2, move_pages.2, mprotect.2, msgop.2, nfsservctl.2, perf_event_open.2, pread.2, ptrace.2, recvmmsg.2, rename.2, restart_syscall.2, sched_setattr.2, send.2, shmop.2, shutdown.2, sigaction.2, signalfd.2, syscalls.2, timer_create.2, timerfd_create.2, tkill.2, vmsplice.2, wait.2, aio_init.3, confstr.3, exit.3, fmemopen.3, fopen.3, getaddrinfo.3, getauxval.3, getspnam.3, isalpha.3, isatty.3, mallinfo.3, malloc.3, mallopt.3, psignal.3, pthread_attr_setinheritsched.3, qecvt.3, queue.3, rtnetlink.3, strerror.3, strftime.3, toupper.3, towlower.3, towupper.3, initrd.4, locale.5, proc.5, bootparam.7, capabilities.7, ddp.7, fanotify.7, icmp.7, inotify.7, ip.7, ipv6.7, netdevice.7, netlink.7, path_resolution.7, rtld-audit.7, rtnetlink.7, sched.7, signal.7, socket.7, svipc.7, tcp.7, unix.7, ld.so.8: srcfix: Update FIXMEs
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2014-08-21 21:47:44 +00:00
|
|
|
.\" FIXME . Should this manual page describe the pivot_root mechanism?
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
.\"
|
|
|
|
.\"
|
|
|
|
.\"
|
2007-06-15 19:32:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.SS Usage
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
The main motivation for implementing
|
2007-09-20 16:26:31 +00:00
|
|
|
.B initrd
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
was to allow for modular kernel configuration at system installation.
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.PP
|
|
|
|
A possible system installation scenario is as follows:
|
2007-06-15 19:32:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.IP 1. 3
|
|
|
|
The loader program boots from floppy or other media with a minimal kernel
|
2008-09-10 03:40:20 +00:00
|
|
|
(e.g., support for
|
2008-01-12 09:33:09 +00:00
|
|
|
.IR /dev/ram ,
|
2008-01-12 08:55:00 +00:00
|
|
|
.IR /dev/initrd ,
|
intro.1, time.1, access.2, acct.2, alloc_hugepages.2, bind.2, chdir.2, chmod.2, chown.2, chroot.2, clone.2, close.2, execve.2, fallocate.2, fcntl.2, getdents.2, getrusage.2, getxattr.2, init_module.2, inotify_add_watch.2, ioprio_set.2, kcmp.2, link.2, listxattr.2, lseek.2, madvise.2, mkdir.2, mknod.2, mmap.2, mount.2, move_pages.2, msgctl.2, nfsservctl.2, open.2, pivot_root.2, quotactl.2, read.2, readlink.2, removexattr.2, rename.2, rmdir.2, semctl.2, setfsgid.2, setfsuid.2, setresuid.2, setuid.2, setup.2, setxattr.2, shmctl.2, splice.2, spu_create.2, stat.2, statfs.2, swapon.2, symlink.2, sync.2, sync_file_range.2, sysfs.2, truncate.2, umount.2, unlink.2, unshare.2, ustat.2, utime.2, utimensat.2, write.2, btree.3, errno.3, fexecve.3, ftw.3, futimes.3, get_nprocs_conf.3, getcwd.3, getdirentries.3, getmntent.3, glob.3, mkfifo.3, mq_open.3, readdir.3, realpath.3, recno.3, remove.3, sem_open.3, shm_open.3, statvfs.3, sysconf.3, telldir.3, tmpfile.3, cciss.4, initrd.4, pts.4, sk98lin.4, vcs.4, core.5, filesystems.5, proc.5, boot.7, bootparam.7, capabilities.7, cpuset.7, credentials.7, feature_test_macros.7, fifo.7, hier.7, inotify.7, intro.7, mq_overview.7, path_resolution.7, pipe.7, sem_overview.7, shm_overview.7, spufs.7, symlink.7, unix.7, uri.7, sync.8: Global fix: s/file system/filesystem/
Notwithstanding 24d01c530c5a3f75217543d02bf6712395e5f90c,
"filesystem" is the form used by the great majority of man pages
outside the man-pages project and in a number of other sources,
so let's go with that.
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2013-08-08 08:07:57 +00:00
|
|
|
and the ext2 filesystem) and loads
|
2008-01-12 08:55:00 +00:00
|
|
|
.IR /dev/initrd
|
intro.1, time.1, access.2, acct.2, alloc_hugepages.2, bind.2, chdir.2, chmod.2, chown.2, chroot.2, clone.2, close.2, execve.2, fallocate.2, fcntl.2, getdents.2, getrusage.2, getxattr.2, init_module.2, inotify_add_watch.2, ioprio_set.2, kcmp.2, link.2, listxattr.2, lseek.2, madvise.2, mkdir.2, mknod.2, mmap.2, mount.2, move_pages.2, msgctl.2, nfsservctl.2, open.2, pivot_root.2, quotactl.2, read.2, readlink.2, removexattr.2, rename.2, rmdir.2, semctl.2, setfsgid.2, setfsuid.2, setresuid.2, setuid.2, setup.2, setxattr.2, shmctl.2, splice.2, spu_create.2, stat.2, statfs.2, swapon.2, symlink.2, sync.2, sync_file_range.2, sysfs.2, truncate.2, umount.2, unlink.2, unshare.2, ustat.2, utime.2, utimensat.2, write.2, btree.3, errno.3, fexecve.3, ftw.3, futimes.3, get_nprocs_conf.3, getcwd.3, getdirentries.3, getmntent.3, glob.3, mkfifo.3, mq_open.3, readdir.3, realpath.3, recno.3, remove.3, sem_open.3, shm_open.3, statvfs.3, sysconf.3, telldir.3, tmpfile.3, cciss.4, initrd.4, pts.4, sk98lin.4, vcs.4, core.5, filesystems.5, proc.5, boot.7, bootparam.7, capabilities.7, cpuset.7, credentials.7, feature_test_macros.7, fifo.7, hier.7, inotify.7, intro.7, mq_overview.7, path_resolution.7, pipe.7, sem_overview.7, shm_overview.7, spufs.7, symlink.7, unix.7, uri.7, sync.8: Global fix: s/file system/filesystem/
Notwithstanding 24d01c530c5a3f75217543d02bf6712395e5f90c,
"filesystem" is the form used by the great majority of man pages
outside the man-pages project and in a number of other sources,
so let's go with that.
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2013-08-08 08:07:57 +00:00
|
|
|
with a gzipped version of the initial filesystem.
|
2007-06-15 19:32:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.IP 2.
|
|
|
|
The executable
|
2007-09-20 16:26:31 +00:00
|
|
|
.I /linuxrc
|
intro.1, time.1, access.2, acct.2, alloc_hugepages.2, bind.2, chdir.2, chmod.2, chown.2, chroot.2, clone.2, close.2, execve.2, fallocate.2, fcntl.2, getdents.2, getrusage.2, getxattr.2, init_module.2, inotify_add_watch.2, ioprio_set.2, kcmp.2, link.2, listxattr.2, lseek.2, madvise.2, mkdir.2, mknod.2, mmap.2, mount.2, move_pages.2, msgctl.2, nfsservctl.2, open.2, pivot_root.2, quotactl.2, read.2, readlink.2, removexattr.2, rename.2, rmdir.2, semctl.2, setfsgid.2, setfsuid.2, setresuid.2, setuid.2, setup.2, setxattr.2, shmctl.2, splice.2, spu_create.2, stat.2, statfs.2, swapon.2, symlink.2, sync.2, sync_file_range.2, sysfs.2, truncate.2, umount.2, unlink.2, unshare.2, ustat.2, utime.2, utimensat.2, write.2, btree.3, errno.3, fexecve.3, ftw.3, futimes.3, get_nprocs_conf.3, getcwd.3, getdirentries.3, getmntent.3, glob.3, mkfifo.3, mq_open.3, readdir.3, realpath.3, recno.3, remove.3, sem_open.3, shm_open.3, statvfs.3, sysconf.3, telldir.3, tmpfile.3, cciss.4, initrd.4, pts.4, sk98lin.4, vcs.4, core.5, filesystems.5, proc.5, boot.7, bootparam.7, capabilities.7, cpuset.7, credentials.7, feature_test_macros.7, fifo.7, hier.7, inotify.7, intro.7, mq_overview.7, path_resolution.7, pipe.7, sem_overview.7, shm_overview.7, spufs.7, symlink.7, unix.7, uri.7, sync.8: Global fix: s/file system/filesystem/
Notwithstanding 24d01c530c5a3f75217543d02bf6712395e5f90c,
"filesystem" is the form used by the great majority of man pages
outside the man-pages project and in a number of other sources,
so let's go with that.
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2013-08-08 08:07:57 +00:00
|
|
|
determines what is needed to (1) mount the normal root filesystem
|
|
|
|
(i.e., device type, device drivers, filesystem) and (2) the
|
2008-09-10 03:40:20 +00:00
|
|
|
distribution media (e.g., CD-ROM, network, tape, ...).
|
2009-04-03 18:00:03 +00:00
|
|
|
This can be done by asking the user, by auto-probing,
|
|
|
|
or by using a hybrid approach.
|
2007-06-15 19:32:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.IP 3.
|
|
|
|
The executable
|
2007-09-20 16:26:31 +00:00
|
|
|
.I /linuxrc
|
intro.1, time.1, access.2, acct.2, alloc_hugepages.2, bind.2, chdir.2, chmod.2, chown.2, chroot.2, clone.2, close.2, execve.2, fallocate.2, fcntl.2, getdents.2, getrusage.2, getxattr.2, init_module.2, inotify_add_watch.2, ioprio_set.2, kcmp.2, link.2, listxattr.2, lseek.2, madvise.2, mkdir.2, mknod.2, mmap.2, mount.2, move_pages.2, msgctl.2, nfsservctl.2, open.2, pivot_root.2, quotactl.2, read.2, readlink.2, removexattr.2, rename.2, rmdir.2, semctl.2, setfsgid.2, setfsuid.2, setresuid.2, setuid.2, setup.2, setxattr.2, shmctl.2, splice.2, spu_create.2, stat.2, statfs.2, swapon.2, symlink.2, sync.2, sync_file_range.2, sysfs.2, truncate.2, umount.2, unlink.2, unshare.2, ustat.2, utime.2, utimensat.2, write.2, btree.3, errno.3, fexecve.3, ftw.3, futimes.3, get_nprocs_conf.3, getcwd.3, getdirentries.3, getmntent.3, glob.3, mkfifo.3, mq_open.3, readdir.3, realpath.3, recno.3, remove.3, sem_open.3, shm_open.3, statvfs.3, sysconf.3, telldir.3, tmpfile.3, cciss.4, initrd.4, pts.4, sk98lin.4, vcs.4, core.5, filesystems.5, proc.5, boot.7, bootparam.7, capabilities.7, cpuset.7, credentials.7, feature_test_macros.7, fifo.7, hier.7, inotify.7, intro.7, mq_overview.7, path_resolution.7, pipe.7, sem_overview.7, shm_overview.7, spufs.7, symlink.7, unix.7, uri.7, sync.8: Global fix: s/file system/filesystem/
Notwithstanding 24d01c530c5a3f75217543d02bf6712395e5f90c,
"filesystem" is the form used by the great majority of man pages
outside the man-pages project and in a number of other sources,
so let's go with that.
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2013-08-08 08:07:57 +00:00
|
|
|
loads the necessary modules from the initial root filesystem.
|
2007-06-15 19:32:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.IP 4.
|
|
|
|
The executable
|
2007-09-20 16:26:31 +00:00
|
|
|
.I /linuxrc
|
intro.1, time.1, access.2, acct.2, alloc_hugepages.2, bind.2, chdir.2, chmod.2, chown.2, chroot.2, clone.2, close.2, execve.2, fallocate.2, fcntl.2, getdents.2, getrusage.2, getxattr.2, init_module.2, inotify_add_watch.2, ioprio_set.2, kcmp.2, link.2, listxattr.2, lseek.2, madvise.2, mkdir.2, mknod.2, mmap.2, mount.2, move_pages.2, msgctl.2, nfsservctl.2, open.2, pivot_root.2, quotactl.2, read.2, readlink.2, removexattr.2, rename.2, rmdir.2, semctl.2, setfsgid.2, setfsuid.2, setresuid.2, setuid.2, setup.2, setxattr.2, shmctl.2, splice.2, spu_create.2, stat.2, statfs.2, swapon.2, symlink.2, sync.2, sync_file_range.2, sysfs.2, truncate.2, umount.2, unlink.2, unshare.2, ustat.2, utime.2, utimensat.2, write.2, btree.3, errno.3, fexecve.3, ftw.3, futimes.3, get_nprocs_conf.3, getcwd.3, getdirentries.3, getmntent.3, glob.3, mkfifo.3, mq_open.3, readdir.3, realpath.3, recno.3, remove.3, sem_open.3, shm_open.3, statvfs.3, sysconf.3, telldir.3, tmpfile.3, cciss.4, initrd.4, pts.4, sk98lin.4, vcs.4, core.5, filesystems.5, proc.5, boot.7, bootparam.7, capabilities.7, cpuset.7, credentials.7, feature_test_macros.7, fifo.7, hier.7, inotify.7, intro.7, mq_overview.7, path_resolution.7, pipe.7, sem_overview.7, shm_overview.7, spufs.7, symlink.7, unix.7, uri.7, sync.8: Global fix: s/file system/filesystem/
Notwithstanding 24d01c530c5a3f75217543d02bf6712395e5f90c,
"filesystem" is the form used by the great majority of man pages
outside the man-pages project and in a number of other sources,
so let's go with that.
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2013-08-08 08:07:57 +00:00
|
|
|
creates and populates the root filesystem.
|
|
|
|
(At this stage the normal root filesystem does not have to be a
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
completed system yet.)
|
2007-06-15 19:32:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.IP 5.
|
|
|
|
The executable
|
2008-01-12 08:55:00 +00:00
|
|
|
.IR /linuxrc
|
|
|
|
sets
|
|
|
|
.IR /proc/sys/kernel/real-root-dev ,
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
unmount
|
2008-01-12 08:55:00 +00:00
|
|
|
.IR /proc ,
|
2013-09-09 23:14:19 +00:00
|
|
|
the normal root filesystem and any other filesystems
|
|
|
|
it has mounted, and then terminates.
|
2008-01-12 08:55:00 +00:00
|
|
|
.IP 6.
|
intro.1, time.1, access.2, acct.2, alloc_hugepages.2, bind.2, chdir.2, chmod.2, chown.2, chroot.2, clone.2, close.2, execve.2, fallocate.2, fcntl.2, getdents.2, getrusage.2, getxattr.2, init_module.2, inotify_add_watch.2, ioprio_set.2, kcmp.2, link.2, listxattr.2, lseek.2, madvise.2, mkdir.2, mknod.2, mmap.2, mount.2, move_pages.2, msgctl.2, nfsservctl.2, open.2, pivot_root.2, quotactl.2, read.2, readlink.2, removexattr.2, rename.2, rmdir.2, semctl.2, setfsgid.2, setfsuid.2, setresuid.2, setuid.2, setup.2, setxattr.2, shmctl.2, splice.2, spu_create.2, stat.2, statfs.2, swapon.2, symlink.2, sync.2, sync_file_range.2, sysfs.2, truncate.2, umount.2, unlink.2, unshare.2, ustat.2, utime.2, utimensat.2, write.2, btree.3, errno.3, fexecve.3, ftw.3, futimes.3, get_nprocs_conf.3, getcwd.3, getdirentries.3, getmntent.3, glob.3, mkfifo.3, mq_open.3, readdir.3, realpath.3, recno.3, remove.3, sem_open.3, shm_open.3, statvfs.3, sysconf.3, telldir.3, tmpfile.3, cciss.4, initrd.4, pts.4, sk98lin.4, vcs.4, core.5, filesystems.5, proc.5, boot.7, bootparam.7, capabilities.7, cpuset.7, credentials.7, feature_test_macros.7, fifo.7, hier.7, inotify.7, intro.7, mq_overview.7, path_resolution.7, pipe.7, sem_overview.7, shm_overview.7, spufs.7, symlink.7, unix.7, uri.7, sync.8: Global fix: s/file system/filesystem/
Notwithstanding 24d01c530c5a3f75217543d02bf6712395e5f90c,
"filesystem" is the form used by the great majority of man pages
outside the man-pages project and in a number of other sources,
so let's go with that.
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2013-08-08 08:07:57 +00:00
|
|
|
The kernel then mounts the normal root filesystem.
|
2007-06-15 19:32:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.IP 7.
|
intro.1, time.1, access.2, acct.2, alloc_hugepages.2, bind.2, chdir.2, chmod.2, chown.2, chroot.2, clone.2, close.2, execve.2, fallocate.2, fcntl.2, getdents.2, getrusage.2, getxattr.2, init_module.2, inotify_add_watch.2, ioprio_set.2, kcmp.2, link.2, listxattr.2, lseek.2, madvise.2, mkdir.2, mknod.2, mmap.2, mount.2, move_pages.2, msgctl.2, nfsservctl.2, open.2, pivot_root.2, quotactl.2, read.2, readlink.2, removexattr.2, rename.2, rmdir.2, semctl.2, setfsgid.2, setfsuid.2, setresuid.2, setuid.2, setup.2, setxattr.2, shmctl.2, splice.2, spu_create.2, stat.2, statfs.2, swapon.2, symlink.2, sync.2, sync_file_range.2, sysfs.2, truncate.2, umount.2, unlink.2, unshare.2, ustat.2, utime.2, utimensat.2, write.2, btree.3, errno.3, fexecve.3, ftw.3, futimes.3, get_nprocs_conf.3, getcwd.3, getdirentries.3, getmntent.3, glob.3, mkfifo.3, mq_open.3, readdir.3, realpath.3, recno.3, remove.3, sem_open.3, shm_open.3, statvfs.3, sysconf.3, telldir.3, tmpfile.3, cciss.4, initrd.4, pts.4, sk98lin.4, vcs.4, core.5, filesystems.5, proc.5, boot.7, bootparam.7, capabilities.7, cpuset.7, credentials.7, feature_test_macros.7, fifo.7, hier.7, inotify.7, intro.7, mq_overview.7, path_resolution.7, pipe.7, sem_overview.7, shm_overview.7, spufs.7, symlink.7, unix.7, uri.7, sync.8: Global fix: s/file system/filesystem/
Notwithstanding 24d01c530c5a3f75217543d02bf6712395e5f90c,
"filesystem" is the form used by the great majority of man pages
outside the man-pages project and in a number of other sources,
so let's go with that.
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2013-08-08 08:07:57 +00:00
|
|
|
Now that the filesystem is accessible and intact,
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
the boot loader can be installed.
|
2007-06-15 19:32:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.IP 8.
|
|
|
|
The boot loader is configured to load into
|
2007-09-20 16:26:31 +00:00
|
|
|
.I /dev/initrd
|
intro.1, time.1, access.2, acct.2, alloc_hugepages.2, bind.2, chdir.2, chmod.2, chown.2, chroot.2, clone.2, close.2, execve.2, fallocate.2, fcntl.2, getdents.2, getrusage.2, getxattr.2, init_module.2, inotify_add_watch.2, ioprio_set.2, kcmp.2, link.2, listxattr.2, lseek.2, madvise.2, mkdir.2, mknod.2, mmap.2, mount.2, move_pages.2, msgctl.2, nfsservctl.2, open.2, pivot_root.2, quotactl.2, read.2, readlink.2, removexattr.2, rename.2, rmdir.2, semctl.2, setfsgid.2, setfsuid.2, setresuid.2, setuid.2, setup.2, setxattr.2, shmctl.2, splice.2, spu_create.2, stat.2, statfs.2, swapon.2, symlink.2, sync.2, sync_file_range.2, sysfs.2, truncate.2, umount.2, unlink.2, unshare.2, ustat.2, utime.2, utimensat.2, write.2, btree.3, errno.3, fexecve.3, ftw.3, futimes.3, get_nprocs_conf.3, getcwd.3, getdirentries.3, getmntent.3, glob.3, mkfifo.3, mq_open.3, readdir.3, realpath.3, recno.3, remove.3, sem_open.3, shm_open.3, statvfs.3, sysconf.3, telldir.3, tmpfile.3, cciss.4, initrd.4, pts.4, sk98lin.4, vcs.4, core.5, filesystems.5, proc.5, boot.7, bootparam.7, capabilities.7, cpuset.7, credentials.7, feature_test_macros.7, fifo.7, hier.7, inotify.7, intro.7, mq_overview.7, path_resolution.7, pipe.7, sem_overview.7, shm_overview.7, spufs.7, symlink.7, unix.7, uri.7, sync.8: Global fix: s/file system/filesystem/
Notwithstanding 24d01c530c5a3f75217543d02bf6712395e5f90c,
"filesystem" is the form used by the great majority of man pages
outside the man-pages project and in a number of other sources,
so let's go with that.
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2013-08-08 08:07:57 +00:00
|
|
|
a filesystem with the set of modules that was used to bring up the system.
|
2008-09-10 03:40:20 +00:00
|
|
|
(e.g., Device
|
2007-09-20 16:26:31 +00:00
|
|
|
.I /dev/ram0
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
can be modified, then unmounted, and finally, the image is written from
|
2007-09-20 16:26:31 +00:00
|
|
|
.I /dev/ram0
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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|
to a file.)
|
2007-06-15 19:32:07 +00:00
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|
|
.IP 9.
|
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|
The system is now bootable and additional installation tasks can be
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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|
|
performed.
|
|
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|
.PP
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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The key role of
|
2007-09-20 16:26:31 +00:00
|
|
|
.I /dev/initrd
|
close.2, epoll_create.2, epoll_ctl.2, fcntl.2, madvise.2, mmap.2, mremap.2, select_tut.2, setgid.2, setuid.2, syscalls.2, vmsplice.2, dlopen.3, fts.3, getpw.3, stdio.3, fd.4, initrd.4, random.4, sd.4, bootparam.7, capabilities.7, cpuset.7, epoll.7, inotify.7, man.7, socket.7, x25.7: Global fix: s/re-/re/
The tendency in English, as prescribed in style guides like
Chicago MoS, is towards removing hyphens after prefixes
like "re-" etc.
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2010-01-16 17:45:23 +00:00
|
|
|
in the above is to reuse the configuration data during normal system operation
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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|
|
without requiring initial kernel selection, a large generic kernel or,
|
|
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|
recompiling the kernel.
|
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.PP
|
|
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|
A second scenario is for installations where Linux runs on systems with
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
different hardware configurations in a single administrative network.
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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|
In such cases, it may be desirable to use only a small set of kernels
|
|
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|
(ideally only one) and to keep the system-specific part of configuration
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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|
information as small as possible.
|
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In this case, create a common file
|
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|
with all needed modules.
|
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|
Then, only the
|
2005-11-02 13:55:25 +00:00
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|
|
.I /linuxrc
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
file or a file executed by
|
2005-11-02 13:55:25 +00:00
|
|
|
.I /linuxrc
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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|
|
would be different.
|
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|
|
.PP
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
A third scenario is more convenient recovery disks.
|
intro.1, time.1, access.2, acct.2, alloc_hugepages.2, bind.2, chdir.2, chmod.2, chown.2, chroot.2, clone.2, close.2, execve.2, fallocate.2, fcntl.2, getdents.2, getrusage.2, getxattr.2, init_module.2, inotify_add_watch.2, ioprio_set.2, kcmp.2, link.2, listxattr.2, lseek.2, madvise.2, mkdir.2, mknod.2, mmap.2, mount.2, move_pages.2, msgctl.2, nfsservctl.2, open.2, pivot_root.2, quotactl.2, read.2, readlink.2, removexattr.2, rename.2, rmdir.2, semctl.2, setfsgid.2, setfsuid.2, setresuid.2, setuid.2, setup.2, setxattr.2, shmctl.2, splice.2, spu_create.2, stat.2, statfs.2, swapon.2, symlink.2, sync.2, sync_file_range.2, sysfs.2, truncate.2, umount.2, unlink.2, unshare.2, ustat.2, utime.2, utimensat.2, write.2, btree.3, errno.3, fexecve.3, ftw.3, futimes.3, get_nprocs_conf.3, getcwd.3, getdirentries.3, getmntent.3, glob.3, mkfifo.3, mq_open.3, readdir.3, realpath.3, recno.3, remove.3, sem_open.3, shm_open.3, statvfs.3, sysconf.3, telldir.3, tmpfile.3, cciss.4, initrd.4, pts.4, sk98lin.4, vcs.4, core.5, filesystems.5, proc.5, boot.7, bootparam.7, capabilities.7, cpuset.7, credentials.7, feature_test_macros.7, fifo.7, hier.7, inotify.7, intro.7, mq_overview.7, path_resolution.7, pipe.7, sem_overview.7, shm_overview.7, spufs.7, symlink.7, unix.7, uri.7, sync.8: Global fix: s/file system/filesystem/
Notwithstanding 24d01c530c5a3f75217543d02bf6712395e5f90c,
"filesystem" is the form used by the great majority of man pages
outside the man-pages project and in a number of other sources,
so let's go with that.
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2013-08-08 08:07:57 +00:00
|
|
|
Because information like the location of the root filesystem
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
partition is not needed at boot time, the system loaded from
|
|
|
|
.I /dev/initrd
|
|
|
|
can use a dialog and/or auto-detection followed by a
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
possible sanity check.
|
|
|
|
.PP
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
Last but not least, Linux distributions on CD-ROM may use
|
2007-09-20 16:26:31 +00:00
|
|
|
.B initrd
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
for easy installation from the CD-ROM.
|
|
|
|
The distribution can use
|
2007-09-20 16:26:31 +00:00
|
|
|
.B LOADLIN
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
to directly load
|
2007-09-20 16:26:31 +00:00
|
|
|
.I /dev/initrd
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
from CD-ROM without the need of any floppies.
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
The distribution could also use a
|
2007-09-20 16:26:31 +00:00
|
|
|
.B LILO
|
2010-08-29 05:01:30 +00:00
|
|
|
boot floppy and then bootstrap a bigger RAM disk via
|
2008-01-12 08:55:00 +00:00
|
|
|
.IR /dev/initrd
|
|
|
|
from the CD-ROM.
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
.\"
|
|
|
|
.\"
|
|
|
|
.\"
|
2008-08-05 16:42:24 +00:00
|
|
|
.SH FILES
|
|
|
|
.I /dev/initrd
|
|
|
|
.br
|
|
|
|
.I /dev/ram0
|
|
|
|
.br
|
|
|
|
.I /linuxrc
|
|
|
|
.br
|
|
|
|
.I /initrd
|
|
|
|
.\"
|
|
|
|
.\"
|
|
|
|
.\"
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.SH NOTES
|
2007-06-15 19:32:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.IP 1. 3
|
intro.1, time.1, access.2, acct.2, alloc_hugepages.2, bind.2, chdir.2, chmod.2, chown.2, chroot.2, clone.2, close.2, execve.2, fallocate.2, fcntl.2, getdents.2, getrusage.2, getxattr.2, init_module.2, inotify_add_watch.2, ioprio_set.2, kcmp.2, link.2, listxattr.2, lseek.2, madvise.2, mkdir.2, mknod.2, mmap.2, mount.2, move_pages.2, msgctl.2, nfsservctl.2, open.2, pivot_root.2, quotactl.2, read.2, readlink.2, removexattr.2, rename.2, rmdir.2, semctl.2, setfsgid.2, setfsuid.2, setresuid.2, setuid.2, setup.2, setxattr.2, shmctl.2, splice.2, spu_create.2, stat.2, statfs.2, swapon.2, symlink.2, sync.2, sync_file_range.2, sysfs.2, truncate.2, umount.2, unlink.2, unshare.2, ustat.2, utime.2, utimensat.2, write.2, btree.3, errno.3, fexecve.3, ftw.3, futimes.3, get_nprocs_conf.3, getcwd.3, getdirentries.3, getmntent.3, glob.3, mkfifo.3, mq_open.3, readdir.3, realpath.3, recno.3, remove.3, sem_open.3, shm_open.3, statvfs.3, sysconf.3, telldir.3, tmpfile.3, cciss.4, initrd.4, pts.4, sk98lin.4, vcs.4, core.5, filesystems.5, proc.5, boot.7, bootparam.7, capabilities.7, cpuset.7, credentials.7, feature_test_macros.7, fifo.7, hier.7, inotify.7, intro.7, mq_overview.7, path_resolution.7, pipe.7, sem_overview.7, shm_overview.7, spufs.7, symlink.7, unix.7, uri.7, sync.8: Global fix: s/file system/filesystem/
Notwithstanding 24d01c530c5a3f75217543d02bf6712395e5f90c,
"filesystem" is the form used by the great majority of man pages
outside the man-pages project and in a number of other sources,
so let's go with that.
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2013-08-08 08:07:57 +00:00
|
|
|
With the current kernel, any filesystems that remain mounted when
|
2008-01-12 08:55:00 +00:00
|
|
|
.I /dev/ram0
|
|
|
|
is moved from
|
|
|
|
.I /
|
|
|
|
to
|
|
|
|
.I /initrd
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
continue to be accessible.
|
|
|
|
However, the
|
2007-09-20 16:26:31 +00:00
|
|
|
.I /proc/mounts
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
entries are not updated.
|
2007-06-15 19:32:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.IP 2.
|
|
|
|
With the current kernel, if directory
|
2008-01-12 08:55:00 +00:00
|
|
|
.I /initrd
|
|
|
|
does not exist, then
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
.I /dev/ram0
|
2007-12-14 13:27:50 +00:00
|
|
|
will
|
2007-12-14 13:23:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.B not
|
|
|
|
be fully unmounted if
|
2007-09-20 16:26:31 +00:00
|
|
|
.I /dev/ram0
|
intro.1, time.1, access.2, acct.2, alloc_hugepages.2, bind.2, chdir.2, chmod.2, chown.2, chroot.2, clone.2, close.2, execve.2, fallocate.2, fcntl.2, getdents.2, getrusage.2, getxattr.2, init_module.2, inotify_add_watch.2, ioprio_set.2, kcmp.2, link.2, listxattr.2, lseek.2, madvise.2, mkdir.2, mknod.2, mmap.2, mount.2, move_pages.2, msgctl.2, nfsservctl.2, open.2, pivot_root.2, quotactl.2, read.2, readlink.2, removexattr.2, rename.2, rmdir.2, semctl.2, setfsgid.2, setfsuid.2, setresuid.2, setuid.2, setup.2, setxattr.2, shmctl.2, splice.2, spu_create.2, stat.2, statfs.2, swapon.2, symlink.2, sync.2, sync_file_range.2, sysfs.2, truncate.2, umount.2, unlink.2, unshare.2, ustat.2, utime.2, utimensat.2, write.2, btree.3, errno.3, fexecve.3, ftw.3, futimes.3, get_nprocs_conf.3, getcwd.3, getdirentries.3, getmntent.3, glob.3, mkfifo.3, mq_open.3, readdir.3, realpath.3, recno.3, remove.3, sem_open.3, shm_open.3, statvfs.3, sysconf.3, telldir.3, tmpfile.3, cciss.4, initrd.4, pts.4, sk98lin.4, vcs.4, core.5, filesystems.5, proc.5, boot.7, bootparam.7, capabilities.7, cpuset.7, credentials.7, feature_test_macros.7, fifo.7, hier.7, inotify.7, intro.7, mq_overview.7, path_resolution.7, pipe.7, sem_overview.7, shm_overview.7, spufs.7, symlink.7, unix.7, uri.7, sync.8: Global fix: s/file system/filesystem/
Notwithstanding 24d01c530c5a3f75217543d02bf6712395e5f90c,
"filesystem" is the form used by the great majority of man pages
outside the man-pages project and in a number of other sources,
so let's go with that.
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2013-08-08 08:07:57 +00:00
|
|
|
is used by any process or has any filesystem mounted on it.
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
If
|
2008-01-12 08:55:00 +00:00
|
|
|
.IR /dev/ram0
|
|
|
|
is
|
2007-12-14 13:23:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.B not
|
2008-01-12 08:55:00 +00:00
|
|
|
fully unmounted, then
|
2007-09-20 16:26:31 +00:00
|
|
|
.I /dev/ram0
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
will remain in memory.
|
2007-06-15 19:32:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.IP 3.
|
|
|
|
Users of
|
2007-09-20 16:26:31 +00:00
|
|
|
.I /dev/initrd
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
should not depend on the behavior give in the above notes.
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
The behavior may change in future versions of the Linux kernel.
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
.\"
|
|
|
|
.\"
|
|
|
|
.\"
|
2007-06-08 12:01:06 +00:00
|
|
|
.\" .SH AUTHORS
|
|
|
|
.\" The kernel code for device
|
|
|
|
.\" .BR initrd
|
|
|
|
.\" was written by Werner Almesberger <almesber@lrc.epfl.ch> and
|
|
|
|
.\" Hans Lermen <lermen@elserv.ffm.fgan.de>.
|
|
|
|
.\" The code for
|
|
|
|
.\" .BR initrd
|
|
|
|
.\" was added to the baseline Linux kernel in development version 1.3.73.
|
getent.1, intro.1, time.1, _exit.2, _syscall.2, accept.2, access.2, acct.2, adjtimex.2, alarm.2, alloc_hugepages.2, arch_prctl.2, bdflush.2, bind.2, brk.2, cacheflush.2, capget.2, chdir.2, chmod.2, chown.2, chroot.2, clock_getres.2, clock_nanosleep.2, clone.2, close.2, connect.2, create_module.2, delete_module.2, dup.2, epoll_create.2, epoll_ctl.2, epoll_wait.2, eventfd.2, execve.2, exit_group.2, faccessat.2, fchmodat.2, fchownat.2, fcntl.2, flock.2, fork.2, fstatat.2, fsync.2, futex.2, futimesat.2, get_kernel_syms.2, get_robust_list.2, get_thread_area.2, getcpu.2, getdents.2, getdomainname.2, getgid.2, getgroups.2, gethostname.2, getitimer.2, getpagesize.2, getpeername.2, getpid.2, getpriority.2, getresuid.2, getrlimit.2, getrusage.2, getsid.2, getsockname.2, getsockopt.2, gettid.2, gettimeofday.2, getuid.2, getunwind.2, getxattr.2, idle.2, init_module.2, inotify_add_watch.2, inotify_init.2, inotify_rm_watch.2, intro.2, io_cancel.2, io_destroy.2, io_getevents.2, io_setup.2, io_submit.2, ioctl.2, ioctl_list.2, ioperm.2, iopl.2, ioprio_set.2, ipc.2, kcmp.2, kill.2, killpg.2, link.2, linkat.2, listen.2, listxattr.2, llseek.2, lookup_dcookie.2, lseek.2, madvise.2, migrate_pages.2, mincore.2, mkdir.2, mkdirat.2, mknod.2, mknodat.2, mlock.2, mmap.2, mmap2.2, modify_ldt.2, mount.2, move_pages.2, mprotect.2, mq_getsetattr.2, mremap.2, msgctl.2, msgget.2, msgop.2, msync.2, nanosleep.2, nfsservctl.2, nice.2, open.2, openat.2, outb.2, pause.2, pciconfig_read.2, perf_event_open.2, perfmonctl.2, personality.2, pipe.2, pivot_root.2, poll.2, posix_fadvise.2, prctl.2, pread.2, process_vm_readv.2, ptrace.2, query_module.2, quotactl.2, read.2, readahead.2, readdir.2, readlink.2, readlinkat.2, readv.2, reboot.2, recv.2, remap_file_pages.2, removexattr.2, rename.2, renameat.2, rmdir.2, rt_sigqueueinfo.2, sched_get_priority_max.2, sched_rr_get_interval.2, sched_setaffinity.2, sched_setparam.2, sched_setscheduler.2, sched_yield.2, select.2, semctl.2, semget.2, semop.2, send.2, sendfile.2, set_thread_area.2, set_tid_address.2, seteuid.2, setfsgid.2, setfsuid.2, setgid.2, setpgid.2, setresuid.2, setreuid.2, setsid.2, setuid.2, setup.2, setxattr.2, shmctl.2, shmget.2, shmop.2, shutdown.2, sigaction.2, sigaltstack.2, signal.2, signalfd.2, sigpending.2, sigprocmask.2, sigreturn.2, sigsuspend.2, sigwaitinfo.2, socket.2, socketcall.2, socketpair.2, splice.2, stat.2, statfs.2, stime.2, swapon.2, symlink.2, symlinkat.2, sync.2, sync_file_range.2, sysctl.2, sysfs.2, sysinfo.2, syslog.2, tee.2, time.2, timerfd_create.2, times.2, tkill.2, truncate.2, umask.2, umount.2, uname.2, unimplemented.2, unlink.2, unlinkat.2, uselib.2, ustat.2, utime.2, utimensat.2, vfork.2, vhangup.2, vm86.2, vmsplice.2, wait.2, wait4.2, write.2, CPU_SET.3, INFINITY.3, MB_CUR_MAX.3, MB_LEN_MAX.3, __setfpucw.3, a64l.3, abort.3, abs.3, acos.3, acosh.3, addseverity.3, adjtime.3, aio_cancel.3, aio_error.3, aio_fsync.3, aio_read.3, aio_return.3, aio_suspend.3, aio_write.3, alloca.3, argz_add.3, asin.3, asinh.3, asprintf.3, assert.3, assert_perror.3, atan.3, atan2.3, atanh.3, atexit.3, atof.3, atoi.3, backtrace.3, basename.3, bcmp.3, bcopy.3, bindresvport.3, bsd_signal.3, bsearch.3, bstring.3, btowc.3, btree.3, byteorder.3, bzero.3, cabs.3, cacos.3, cacosh.3, canonicalize_file_name.3, carg.3, casin.3, casinh.3, catan.3, catanh.3, catgets.3, catopen.3, cbrt.3, ccos.3, ccosh.3, ceil.3, cerf.3, cexp.3, cexp2.3, cfree.3, cimag.3, clearenv.3, clock.3, clock_getcpuclockid.3, clog.3, clog10.3, clog2.3, closedir.3, cmsg.3, confstr.3, conj.3, copysign.3, cos.3, cosh.3, cpow.3, cproj.3, creal.3, crypt.3, csin.3, csinh.3, csqrt.3, ctan.3, ctanh.3, ctermid.3, ctime.3, daemon.3, dbopen.3, des_crypt.3, difftime.3, dirfd.3, div.3, dl_iterate_phdr.3, dlopen.3, dprintf.3, drand48.3, drand48_r.3, dysize.3, ecvt.3, ecvt_r.3, encrypt.3, end.3, endian.3, envz_add.3, erf.3, erfc.3, err.3, errno.3, error.3, ether_aton.3, euidaccess.3, exec.3, exit.3, exp.3, exp10.3, exp2.3, expm1.3, fabs.3, fclose.3, fcloseall.3, fdim.3, fenv.3, ferror.3, fexecve.3, fflush.3, ffs.3, fgetgrent.3, fgetpwent.3, fgetwc.3, fgetws.3, finite.3, flockfile.3, floor.3, fma.3, fmax.3, fmemopen.3, fmin.3, fmod.3, fmtmsg.3, fnmatch.3, fopen.3, fpathconf.3, fpclassify.3, fpurge.3, fputwc.3, fputws.3, fread.3, frexp.3, fseek.3, fseeko.3, ftime.3, ftok.3, fts.3, ftw.3, futimes.3, fwide.3, gamma.3, gcvt.3, getaddrinfo.3, getaddrinfo_a.3, getauxval.3, getcontext.3, getcwd.3, getdate.3, getdirentries.3, getdtablesize.3, getenv.3, getfsent.3, getgrent.3, getgrent_r.3, getgrnam.3, getgrouplist.3, gethostbyname.3, gethostid.3, getipnodebyname.3, getline.3, getloadavg.3, getlogin.3, getmntent.3, getnameinfo.3, getnetent.3, getnetent_r.3, getopt.3, getpass.3, getprotoent.3, getprotoent_r.3, getpt.3, getpw.3, getpwent.3, getpwent_r.3, getpwnam.3, getrpcent.3, getrpcent_r.3, getrpcport.3, gets.3, getservent.3, getservent_r.3, getspnam.3, getttyent.3, getumask.3, getusershell.3, getutent.3, getw.3, getwchar.3, glob.3, grantpt.3, gsignal.3, hash.3, hsearch.3, hypot.3, iconv.3, iconv_close.3, iconv_open.3, ilogb.3, index.3, inet.3, inet_ntop.3, inet_pton.3, infnan.3, initgroups.3, insque.3, intro.3, isalpha.3, isatty.3, isgreater.3, iswalnum.3, iswalpha.3, iswblank.3, iswcntrl.3, iswctype.3, iswdigit.3, iswgraph.3, iswlower.3, iswprint.3, iswpunct.3, iswspace.3, iswupper.3, iswxdigit.3, j0.3, key_setsecret.3, ldexp.3, lgamma.3, lio_listio.3, localeconv.3, lockf.3, log.3, log10.3, log1p.3, log2.3, logb.3, login.3, longjmp.3, lrint.3, lround.3, lsearch.3, lseek64.3, makecontext.3, makedev.3, malloc.3, malloc_hook.3, mblen.3, mbrlen.3, mbrtowc.3, mbsinit.3, mbsnrtowcs.3, mbsrtowcs.3, mbstowcs.3, mbtowc.3, memccpy.3, memchr.3, memcmp.3, memcpy.3, memfrob.3, memmem.3, memmove.3, mempcpy.3, memset.3, mkdtemp.3, mkfifo.3, mkfifoat.3, mkstemp.3, mktemp.3, modf.3, mpool.3, mq_close.3, mq_getattr.3, mq_notify.3, mq_open.3, mq_receive.3, mq_send.3, mq_unlink.3, mtrace.3, nan.3, netlink.3, nextafter.3, nl_langinfo.3, offsetof.3, on_exit.3, opendir.3, openpty.3, perror.3, popen.3, posix_fallocate.3, posix_memalign.3, posix_openpt.3, pow.3, pow10.3, printf.3, profil.3, program_invocation_name.3, psignal.3, pthread_kill_other_threads_np.3, ptsname.3, putenv.3, putgrent.3, putpwent.3, puts.3, putwchar.3, qecvt.3, qsort.3, queue.3, raise.3, rand.3, random.3, random_r.3, rcmd.3, re_comp.3, readdir.3, realpath.3, recno.3, regex.3, remainder.3, remove.3, remquo.3, resolver.3, rewinddir.3, rexec.3, rint.3, round.3, rpc.3, rpmatch.3, rtime.3, rtnetlink.3, scalb.3, scalbln.3, scandir.3, scandirat.3, scanf.3, seekdir.3, sem_close.3, sem_destroy.3, sem_getvalue.3, sem_init.3, sem_open.3, sem_post.3, sem_unlink.3, sem_wait.3, setaliasent.3, setbuf.3, setenv.3, setjmp.3, setlocale.3, setlogmask.3, setnetgrent.3, shm_open.3, siginterrupt.3, signbit.3, significand.3, sigpause.3, sigqueue.3, sigset.3, sigsetops.3, sigvec.3, sin.3, sincos.3, sinh.3, sleep.3, sockatmark.3, sqrt.3, statvfs.3, stdarg.3, stdin.3, stdio.3, stdio_ext.3, stpcpy.3, stpncpy.3, strcasecmp.3, strcat.3, strchr.3, strcmp.3, strcoll.3, strcpy.3, strdup.3, strerror.3, strfmon.3, strfry.3, strftime.3, string.3, strlen.3, strnlen.3, strpbrk.3, strptime.3, strsep.3, strsignal.3, strspn.3, strstr.3, strtod.3, strtoimax.3, strtok.3, strtol.3, strtoul.3, strverscmp.3, strxfrm.3, swab.3, sysconf.3, syslog.3, system.3, sysv_signal.3, tan.3, tanh.3, tcgetpgrp.3, tcgetsid.3, telldir.3, tempnam.3, termios.3, tgamma.3, timegm.3, timeradd.3, tmpfile.3, tmpnam.3, toascii.3, toupper.3, towctrans.3, towlower.3, towupper.3, trunc.3, tsearch.3, ttyname.3, ttyslot.3, tzset.3, ualarm.3, ulimit.3, ungetwc.3, unlocked_stdio.3, unlockpt.3, updwtmp.3, usleep.3, wcpcpy.3, wcpncpy.3, wcrtomb.3, wcscasecmp.3, wcscat.3, wcschr.3, wcscmp.3, wcscpy.3, wcscspn.3, wcsdup.3, wcslen.3, wcsncasecmp.3, wcsncat.3, wcsncmp.3, wcsncpy.3, wcsnlen.3, wcsnrtombs.3, wcspbrk.3, wcsrchr.3, wcsrtombs.3, wcsspn.3, wcsstr.3, wcstoimax.3, wcstok.3, wcstombs.3, wcswidth.3, wctob.3, wctomb.3, wctrans.3, wctype.3, wcwidth.3, wmemchr.3, wmemcmp.3, wmemcpy.3, wmemmove.3, wmemset.3, wordexp.3, wprintf.3, xcrypt.3, xdr.3, y0.3, cciss.4, console.4, console_codes.4, console_ioctl.4, dsp56k.4, fd.4, full.4, hd.4, hpsa.4, initrd.4, intro.4, lp.4, mem.4, mouse.4, null.4, pts.4, ram.4, random.4, rtc.4, sk98lin.4, st.4, tty.4, ttyS.4, tty_ioctl.4, vcs.4, wavelan.4, acct.5, charmap.5, dir_colors.5, filesystems.5, ftpusers.5, group.5, host.conf.5, hosts.5, hosts.equiv.5, intro.5, issue.5, locale.5, motd.5, networks.5, nologin.5, nscd.conf.5, passwd.5, proc.5, protocols.5, resolv.conf.5, rpc.5, securetty.5, services.5, shells.5, termcap.5, ttytype.5, utmp.5, armscii-8.7, arp.7, ascii.7, bootparam.7, capabilities.7, charsets.7, complex.7, cp1251.7, credentials.7, ddp.7, environ.7, epoll.7, fifo.7, futex.7, glob.7, hier.7, icmp.7, inotify.7, intro.7, ip.7, ipv6.7, iso_8859-1.7, iso_8859-10.7, iso_8859-11.7, iso_8859-13.7, iso_8859-14.7, iso_8859-15.7, iso_8859-16.7, iso_8859-2.7, iso_8859-3.7, iso_8859-4.7, iso_8859-5.7, iso_8859-6.7, iso_8859-7.7, iso_8859-8.7, iso_8859-9.7, koi8-r.7, koi8-u.7, locale.7, mailaddr.7, man.7, mq_overview.7, netdevice.7, netlink.7, numa.7, packet.7, path_resolution.7, pipe.7, posixoptions.7, pthreads.7, pty.7, raw.7, regex.7, rtld-audit.7, rtnetlink.7, sem_overview.7, shm_overview.7, sigevent.7, signal.7, socket.7, standards.7, suffixes.7, svipc.7, tcp.7, termio.7, time.7, udp.7, udplite.7, unicode.7, unix.7, uri.7, utf-8.7, x25.7, nscd.8, sync.8, tzselect.8, zdump.8, zic.8: Global fix: remove unneeded double quotes in .SH headings
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2013-02-24 18:01:36 +00:00
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.SH SEE ALSO
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2007-05-16 18:25:50 +00:00
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.BR chown (1),
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.BR mknod (1),
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.BR ram (4),
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.BR freeramdisk (8),
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.BR rdev (8)
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arch_prctl.2, fcntl.2, flock.2, get_robust_list.2, getpriority.2, ioprio_set.2, migrate_pages.2, mmap.2, mremap.2, msync.2, sched_get_priority_max.2, sched_rr_get_interval.2, sched_setparam.2, sched_setscheduler.2, sched_yield.2, select.2, socket.2, subpage_prot.2, unshare.2, btree.3, dbopen.3, dl_iterate_phdr.3, dlopen.3, getnameinfo.3, hash.3, lockf.3, netlink.3, recno.3, rpc.3, xdr.3, cciss.4, console_ioctl.4, hpsa.4, initrd.4, msr.4, rtc.4, st.4, hosts.5, services.5, tzfile.5, aio.7, arp.7, capabilities.7, cpuset.7, feature_test_macros.7, futex.7, inotify.7, ip.7, ipv6.7, iso_8859-16.7, iso_8859-2.7, koi8-r.7, math_error.7, netlink.7, packet.7, pthreads.7, raw.7, spufs.7, udplite.7, uri.7, x25.7: Global fix: Various consistency fixes for SEE ALSO
Coauthored-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2012-09-24 07:53:22 +00:00
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.I Documentation/initrd.txt
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in the Linux kernel source tree, the LILO documentation,
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the LOADLIN documentation, the SYSLINUX documentation
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