getent.1, intro.1, time.1, _exit.2, _syscall.2, accept.2, access.2, acct.2, adjtimex.2, alarm.2, alloc_hugepages.2, arch_prctl.2, bdflush.2, bind.2, brk.2, cacheflush.2, capget.2, chdir.2, chmod.2, chown.2, chroot.2, clock_getres.2, clock_nanosleep.2, clone.2, close.2, connect.2, create_module.2, delete_module.2, dup.2, epoll_create.2, epoll_ctl.2, epoll_wait.2, eventfd.2, execve.2, exit_group.2, faccessat.2, fchmodat.2, fchownat.2, fcntl.2, flock.2, fork.2, fstatat.2, fsync.2, futex.2, futimesat.2, get_kernel_syms.2, get_robust_list.2, get_thread_area.2, getcpu.2, getdents.2, getdomainname.2, getgid.2, getgroups.2, gethostname.2, getitimer.2, getpagesize.2, getpeername.2, getpid.2, getpriority.2, getresuid.2, getrlimit.2, getrusage.2, getsid.2, getsockname.2, getsockopt.2, gettid.2, gettimeofday.2, getuid.2, getunwind.2, getxattr.2, idle.2, init_module.2, inotify_add_watch.2, inotify_init.2, inotify_rm_watch.2, intro.2, io_cancel.2, io_destroy.2, io_getevents.2, io_setup.2, io_submit.2, ioctl.2, ioctl_list.2, ioperm.2, iopl.2, ioprio_set.2, ipc.2, kcmp.2, kill.2, killpg.2, link.2, linkat.2, listen.2, listxattr.2, llseek.2, lookup_dcookie.2, lseek.2, madvise.2, migrate_pages.2, mincore.2, mkdir.2, mkdirat.2, mknod.2, mknodat.2, mlock.2, mmap.2, mmap2.2, modify_ldt.2, mount.2, move_pages.2, mprotect.2, mq_getsetattr.2, mremap.2, msgctl.2, msgget.2, msgop.2, msync.2, nanosleep.2, nfsservctl.2, nice.2, open.2, openat.2, outb.2, pause.2, pciconfig_read.2, perf_event_open.2, perfmonctl.2, personality.2, pipe.2, pivot_root.2, poll.2, posix_fadvise.2, prctl.2, pread.2, process_vm_readv.2, ptrace.2, query_module.2, quotactl.2, read.2, readahead.2, readdir.2, readlink.2, readlinkat.2, readv.2, reboot.2, recv.2, remap_file_pages.2, removexattr.2, rename.2, renameat.2, rmdir.2, rt_sigqueueinfo.2, sched_get_priority_max.2, sched_rr_get_interval.2, sched_setaffinity.2, sched_setparam.2, sched_setscheduler.2, sched_yield.2, select.2, semctl.2, semget.2, semop.2, send.2, sendfile.2, set_thread_area.2, set_tid_address.2, seteuid.2, setfsgid.2, setfsuid.2, setgid.2, setpgid.2, setresuid.2, setreuid.2, setsid.2, setuid.2, setup.2, setxattr.2, shmctl.2, shmget.2, shmop.2, shutdown.2, sigaction.2, sigaltstack.2, signal.2, signalfd.2, sigpending.2, sigprocmask.2, sigreturn.2, sigsuspend.2, sigwaitinfo.2, socket.2, socketcall.2, socketpair.2, splice.2, stat.2, statfs.2, stime.2, swapon.2, symlink.2, symlinkat.2, sync.2, sync_file_range.2, sysctl.2, sysfs.2, sysinfo.2, syslog.2, tee.2, time.2, timerfd_create.2, times.2, tkill.2, truncate.2, umask.2, umount.2, uname.2, unimplemented.2, unlink.2, unlinkat.2, uselib.2, ustat.2, utime.2, utimensat.2, vfork.2, vhangup.2, vm86.2, vmsplice.2, wait.2, wait4.2, write.2, CPU_SET.3, INFINITY.3, MB_CUR_MAX.3, MB_LEN_MAX.3, __setfpucw.3, a64l.3, abort.3, abs.3, acos.3, acosh.3, addseverity.3, adjtime.3, aio_cancel.3, aio_error.3, aio_fsync.3, aio_read.3, aio_return.3, aio_suspend.3, aio_write.3, alloca.3, argz_add.3, asin.3, asinh.3, asprintf.3, assert.3, assert_perror.3, atan.3, atan2.3, atanh.3, atexit.3, atof.3, atoi.3, backtrace.3, basename.3, bcmp.3, bcopy.3, bindresvport.3, bsd_signal.3, bsearch.3, bstring.3, btowc.3, btree.3, byteorder.3, bzero.3, cabs.3, cacos.3, cacosh.3, canonicalize_file_name.3, carg.3, casin.3, casinh.3, catan.3, catanh.3, catgets.3, catopen.3, cbrt.3, ccos.3, ccosh.3, ceil.3, cerf.3, cexp.3, cexp2.3, cfree.3, cimag.3, clearenv.3, clock.3, clock_getcpuclockid.3, clog.3, clog10.3, clog2.3, closedir.3, cmsg.3, confstr.3, conj.3, copysign.3, cos.3, cosh.3, cpow.3, cproj.3, creal.3, crypt.3, csin.3, csinh.3, csqrt.3, ctan.3, ctanh.3, ctermid.3, ctime.3, daemon.3, dbopen.3, des_crypt.3, difftime.3, dirfd.3, div.3, dl_iterate_phdr.3, dlopen.3, dprintf.3, drand48.3, drand48_r.3, dysize.3, ecvt.3, ecvt_r.3, encrypt.3, end.3, endian.3, envz_add.3, erf.3, erfc.3, err.3, errno.3, error.3, ether_aton.3, euidaccess.3, exec.3, exit.3, exp.3, exp10.3, exp2.3, expm1.3, fabs.3, fclose.3, fcloseall.3, fdim.3, fenv.3, ferror.3, fexecve.3, fflush.3, ffs.3, fgetgrent.3, fgetpwent.3, fgetwc.3, fgetws.3, finite.3, flockfile.3, floor.3, fma.3, fmax.3, fmemopen.3, fmin.3, fmod.3, fmtmsg.3, fnmatch.3, fopen.3, fpathconf.3, fpclassify.3, fpurge.3, fputwc.3, fputws.3, fread.3, frexp.3, fseek.3, fseeko.3, ftime.3, ftok.3, fts.3, ftw.3, futimes.3, fwide.3, gamma.3, gcvt.3, getaddrinfo.3, getaddrinfo_a.3, getauxval.3, getcontext.3, getcwd.3, getdate.3, getdirentries.3, getdtablesize.3, getenv.3, getfsent.3, getgrent.3, getgrent_r.3, getgrnam.3, getgrouplist.3, gethostbyname.3, gethostid.3, getipnodebyname.3, getline.3, getloadavg.3, getlogin.3, getmntent.3, getnameinfo.3, getnetent.3, getnetent_r.3, getopt.3, getpass.3, getprotoent.3, getprotoent_r.3, getpt.3, getpw.3, getpwent.3, getpwent_r.3, getpwnam.3, getrpcent.3, getrpcent_r.3, getrpcport.3, gets.3, getservent.3, getservent_r.3, getspnam.3, getttyent.3, getumask.3, getusershell.3, getutent.3, getw.3, getwchar.3, glob.3, grantpt.3, gsignal.3, hash.3, hsearch.3, hypot.3, iconv.3, iconv_close.3, iconv_open.3, ilogb.3, index.3, inet.3, inet_ntop.3, inet_pton.3, infnan.3, initgroups.3, insque.3, intro.3, isalpha.3, isatty.3, isgreater.3, iswalnum.3, iswalpha.3, iswblank.3, iswcntrl.3, iswctype.3, iswdigit.3, iswgraph.3, iswlower.3, iswprint.3, iswpunct.3, iswspace.3, iswupper.3, iswxdigit.3, j0.3, key_setsecret.3, ldexp.3, lgamma.3, lio_listio.3, localeconv.3, lockf.3, log.3, log10.3, log1p.3, log2.3, logb.3, login.3, longjmp.3, lrint.3, lround.3, lsearch.3, lseek64.3, makecontext.3, makedev.3, malloc.3, malloc_hook.3, mblen.3, mbrlen.3, mbrtowc.3, mbsinit.3, mbsnrtowcs.3, mbsrtowcs.3, mbstowcs.3, mbtowc.3, memccpy.3, memchr.3, memcmp.3, memcpy.3, memfrob.3, memmem.3, memmove.3, mempcpy.3, memset.3, mkdtemp.3, mkfifo.3, mkfifoat.3, mkstemp.3, mktemp.3, modf.3, mpool.3, mq_close.3, mq_getattr.3, mq_notify.3, mq_open.3, mq_receive.3, mq_send.3, mq_unlink.3, mtrace.3, nan.3, netlink.3, nextafter.3, nl_langinfo.3, offsetof.3, on_exit.3, opendir.3, openpty.3, perror.3, popen.3, posix_fallocate.3, posix_memalign.3, posix_openpt.3, pow.3, pow10.3, printf.3, profil.3, program_invocation_name.3, psignal.3, pthread_kill_other_threads_np.3, ptsname.3, putenv.3, putgrent.3, putpwent.3, puts.3, putwchar.3, qecvt.3, qsort.3, queue.3, raise.3, rand.3, random.3, random_r.3, rcmd.3, re_comp.3, readdir.3, realpath.3, recno.3, regex.3, remainder.3, remove.3, remquo.3, resolver.3, rewinddir.3, rexec.3, rint.3, round.3, rpc.3, rpmatch.3, rtime.3, rtnetlink.3, scalb.3, scalbln.3, scandir.3, scandirat.3, scanf.3, seekdir.3, sem_close.3, sem_destroy.3, sem_getvalue.3, sem_init.3, sem_open.3, sem_post.3, sem_unlink.3, sem_wait.3, setaliasent.3, setbuf.3, setenv.3, setjmp.3, setlocale.3, setlogmask.3, setnetgrent.3, shm_open.3, siginterrupt.3, signbit.3, significand.3, sigpause.3, sigqueue.3, sigset.3, sigsetops.3, sigvec.3, sin.3, sincos.3, sinh.3, sleep.3, sockatmark.3, sqrt.3, statvfs.3, stdarg.3, stdin.3, stdio.3, stdio_ext.3, stpcpy.3, stpncpy.3, strcasecmp.3, strcat.3, strchr.3, strcmp.3, strcoll.3, strcpy.3, strdup.3, strerror.3, strfmon.3, strfry.3, strftime.3, string.3, strlen.3, strnlen.3, strpbrk.3, strptime.3, strsep.3, strsignal.3, strspn.3, strstr.3, strtod.3, strtoimax.3, strtok.3, strtol.3, strtoul.3, strverscmp.3, strxfrm.3, swab.3, sysconf.3, syslog.3, system.3, sysv_signal.3, tan.3, tanh.3, tcgetpgrp.3, tcgetsid.3, telldir.3, tempnam.3, termios.3, tgamma.3, timegm.3, timeradd.3, tmpfile.3, tmpnam.3, toascii.3, toupper.3, towctrans.3, towlower.3, towupper.3, trunc.3, tsearch.3, ttyname.3, ttyslot.3, tzset.3, ualarm.3, ulimit.3, ungetwc.3, unlocked_stdio.3, unlockpt.3, updwtmp.3, usleep.3, wcpcpy.3, wcpncpy.3, wcrtomb.3, wcscasecmp.3, wcscat.3, wcschr.3, wcscmp.3, wcscpy.3, wcscspn.3, wcsdup.3, wcslen.3, wcsncasecmp.3, wcsncat.3, wcsncmp.3, wcsncpy.3, wcsnlen.3, wcsnrtombs.3, wcspbrk.3, wcsrchr.3, wcsrtombs.3, wcsspn.3, wcsstr.3, wcstoimax.3, wcstok.3, wcstombs.3, wcswidth.3, wctob.3, wctomb.3, wctrans.3, wctype.3, wcwidth.3, wmemchr.3, wmemcmp.3, wmemcpy.3, wmemmove.3, wmemset.3, wordexp.3, wprintf.3, xcrypt.3, xdr.3, y0.3, cciss.4, console.4, console_codes.4, console_ioctl.4, dsp56k.4, fd.4, full.4, hd.4, hpsa.4, initrd.4, intro.4, lp.4, mem.4, mouse.4, null.4, pts.4, ram.4, random.4, rtc.4, sk98lin.4, st.4, tty.4, ttyS.4, tty_ioctl.4, vcs.4, wavelan.4, acct.5, charmap.5, dir_colors.5, filesystems.5, ftpusers.5, group.5, host.conf.5, hosts.5, hosts.equiv.5, intro.5, issue.5, locale.5, motd.5, networks.5, nologin.5, nscd.conf.5, passwd.5, proc.5, protocols.5, resolv.conf.5, rpc.5, securetty.5, services.5, shells.5, termcap.5, ttytype.5, utmp.5, armscii-8.7, arp.7, ascii.7, bootparam.7, capabilities.7, charsets.7, complex.7, cp1251.7, credentials.7, ddp.7, environ.7, epoll.7, fifo.7, futex.7, glob.7, hier.7, icmp.7, inotify.7, intro.7, ip.7, ipv6.7, iso_8859-1.7, iso_8859-10.7, iso_8859-11.7, iso_8859-13.7, iso_8859-14.7, iso_8859-15.7, iso_8859-16.7, iso_8859-2.7, iso_8859-3.7, iso_8859-4.7, iso_8859-5.7, iso_8859-6.7, iso_8859-7.7, iso_8859-8.7, iso_8859-9.7, koi8-r.7, koi8-u.7, locale.7, mailaddr.7, man.7, mq_overview.7, netdevice.7, netlink.7, numa.7, packet.7, path_resolution.7, pipe.7, posixoptions.7, pthreads.7, pty.7, raw.7, regex.7, rtld-audit.7, rtnetlink.7, sem_overview.7, shm_overview.7, sigevent.7, signal.7, socket.7, standards.7, suffixes.7, svipc.7, tcp.7, termio.7, time.7, udp.7, udplite.7, unicode.7, unix.7, uri.7, utf-8.7, x25.7, nscd.8, sync.8, tzselect.8, zdump.8, zic.8: Global fix: remove unneeded double quotes in .SH headings

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
This commit is contained in:
Michael Kerrisk 2013-02-24 19:01:36 +01:00
parent 839314dde5
commit 47297adb6e
850 changed files with 2085 additions and 2085 deletions

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@ -341,7 +341,7 @@ in succession to
.BR getspnam (3)
and display the result.
.RE
.SH "EXIT STATUS"
.SH EXIT STATUS
One of the following exit values can be returned by
.BR getent :
.RS 3
@ -364,5 +364,5 @@ could not be found in the
Enumeration not supported on this
.IR database .
.RE
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR nsswitch.conf (5)

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@ -297,5 +297,5 @@ and use a browser if you find HTML files there.
.\"
.\" Actual examples? Separate section for each of cat, cp, ...?
.\" gzip, bzip2, tar, rpm
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR standards (7)

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@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ When in the POSIX locale, use the precise traditional format
(with numbers in seconds)
where the number of decimals in the output for %f is unspecified
but is sufficient to express the clock tick accuracy, and at least one.
.SH "EXIT STATUS"
.SH EXIT STATUS
If
.I command
was invoked, the exit status is that of
@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ are used.
The last one to search for
.IR command .
The remaining ones for the text and formatting of the output.
.SH "GNU VERSION"
.SH GNU VERSION
Below a description of the GNU 1.7 version of
.BR time .
Disregarding the name of the utility, GNU makes it output lots of
@ -299,7 +299,7 @@ and C compiler you used.
.\" Helped with portability
.\" .IP "Francois Pinard"
.\" Helped with portability
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR tcsh (1),
.BR times (2),
.BR wait3 (2)

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@ -76,9 +76,9 @@ The function
.BR _Exit ()
is equivalent to
.BR _exit ().
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
.SH RETURN VALUE
These functions do not return.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
.SH CONFORMING TO
SVr4, POSIX.1-2001, 4.3BSD.
The function
.BR _Exit ()
@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ wrapper function invoked the kernel system call of the same name.
Since glibc 2.3, the wrapper function invokes
.BR exit_group (2),
in order to terminate all of the threads in a process.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR execve (2),
.BR exit_group (2),
.BR fork (2),

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@ -38,7 +38,7 @@
.TH _SYSCALL 2 2007-12-19 "Linux" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
.SH NAME
_syscall \- invoking a system call without library support (OBSOLETE)
.SH "SYNOPSIS"
.SH SYNOPSIS
.B #include <linux/unistd.h>
A _syscall macro
@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ Once you include the _syscall() in your source file,
you call the system call by \fIname\fP.
.SH FILES
.I /usr/include/linux/unistd.h
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
.SH CONFORMING TO
The use of these macros is Linux-specific, and deprecated.
.SH NOTES
Starting around kernel 2.6.18, the _syscall macros were removed
@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ Memory in buffers = 5066752
Swap: total 27881472 / free 24698880
Number of processes = 40
.fi
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR intro (2),
.BR syscall (2),
.BR errno (3)

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@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ See the description of the
flag in
.BR open (2)
for reasons why this may be useful.
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
.SH RETURN VALUE
On success,
these system calls return a nonnegative integer that is a descriptor
for the accepted socket.
@ -289,7 +289,7 @@ The
.BR accept4 ()
system call is available starting with Linux 2.6.28;
support in glibc is available starting with version 2.10.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
.SH CONFORMING TO
.BR accept ():
POSIX.1-2001,
SVr4, 4.4BSD,
@ -376,7 +376,7 @@ stupid thing, so they silently just renamed their blunder)."
.SH EXAMPLE
See
.BR bind (2).
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR bind (2),
.BR connect (2),
.BR listen (2),

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@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ then an
.B X_OK
check is successful for a regular file if execute permission
is enabled for any of the file owner, group, or other.
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
.SH RETURN VALUE
On success (all requested permissions granted), zero is returned.
On error (at least one bit in
.I mode
@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ Insufficient kernel memory was available.
.B ETXTBSY
Write access was requested to an executable which is being
executed.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
.SH CONFORMING TO
SVr4, 4.3BSD, POSIX.1-2001.
.SH NOTES
.PP
@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ the underlying file system.
Since kernel 2.6.20,
.BR access ()
honors this flag.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR chmod (2),
.BR chown (2),
.BR faccessat (2),

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@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ accounting is turned on,
and records for each terminating process are appended to
\fIfilename\fP as it terminates.
An argument of NULL causes accounting to be turned off.
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
.SH RETURN VALUE
On success, zero is returned.
On error, \-1 is returned, and
.I errno
@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ refers to a file on a read-only file system.
.TP
.B EUSERS
There are no more free file structures or we ran out of memory.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
.SH CONFORMING TO
SVr4, 4.3BSD (but not POSIX).
.\" SVr4 documents an EBUSY error condition, but no EISDIR or ENOSYS.
.\" Also AIX and HP-UX document EBUSY (attempt is made
@ -140,5 +140,5 @@ In particular, nonterminating processes are never accounted for.
The structure of the records written to the accounting file is described in
.BR acct (5).
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR acct (5)

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@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ Ordinary users are restricted to a zero value for
Only the superuser may set any parameters.
.br
.ne 12v
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
.SH RETURN VALUE
On success,
.BR adjtimex ()
returns the clock state:
@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ is nonzero and the caller does not have sufficient privilege.
Under Linux the
.B CAP_SYS_TIME
capability is required.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
.SH CONFORMING TO
.BR adjtimex ()
is Linux-specific and should not be used in programs
intended to be portable.
@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ See
.BR adjtime (3)
for a more portable, but less flexible,
method of adjusting the system clock.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR settimeofday (2),
.BR adjtime (3),
.BR capabilities (7),

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@ -53,12 +53,12 @@ is scheduled.
In any event any previously set
.BR alarm ()
is canceled.
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
.SH RETURN VALUE
.BR alarm ()
returns the number of seconds remaining until any previously scheduled
alarm was due to be delivered, or zero if there was no previously
scheduled alarm.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
.SH CONFORMING TO
SVr4, POSIX.1-2001, 4.3BSD.
.SH NOTES
.BR alarm ()
@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ is a bad idea.
Scheduling delays can, as ever, cause the execution of the process to
be delayed by an arbitrary amount of time.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR gettimeofday (2),
.BR pause (2),
.BR select (2),

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@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ with the given key existed.
If this flag is not set, then
.B ENOENT
is returned when no segment with the given key exists.
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
.SH RETURN VALUE
On success,
.BR alloc_hugepages ()
returns the allocated virtual address, and
@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ This can be read and written.
.I /proc/meminfo
Gives info on the number of configured hugetlb pages and on their size
in the three variables HugePages_Total, HugePages_Free, Hugepagesize.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
.SH CONFORMING TO
These calls are specific to Linux on Intel processors, and should not be
used in programs intended to be portable.
.SH NOTES

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@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ is not a valid subcommand.
is outside the process address space.
.\" .SH AUTHOR
.\" Man page written by Andi Kleen.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
.SH CONFORMING TO
.BR arch_prctl ()
is a Linux/x86-64 extension and should not be used in programs intended
to be portable.
@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ This may be fixed in future glibc versions.
.I FS
may be already used by the threading library.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR mmap (2),
.BR modify_ldt (2),
.BR prctl (2),

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@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ to that value.
The set of parameters, their values, and their valid ranges
are defined in the Linux kernel source file
.IR fs/buffer.c .
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
.SH RETURN VALUE
If
.I func
is negative or 0 and the daemon successfully starts,
@ -113,11 +113,11 @@ or to write an invalid value to a parameter.
Caller does not have the
.B CAP_SYS_ADMIN
capability.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
.SH CONFORMING TO
.BR bdflush ()
is Linux-specific and should not be used in programs
intended to be portable.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR fsync (2),
.BR sync (2),
.BR sync (8),

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@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ pointer passed in
.I addr
in order to avoid compiler warnings.
See EXAMPLE below.
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
.SH RETURN VALUE
On success, zero is returned.
On error, \-1 is returned, and
.I errno
@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ A component of the path prefix is not a directory.
.TP
.B EROFS
The socket inode would reside on a read-only file system.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
.SH CONFORMING TO
SVr4, 4.4BSD, POSIX.1-2001
.RB ( bind ()
first appeared in 4.2BSD).
@ -314,7 +314,7 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
should be deleted using unlink(2) or remove(3) */
}
.fi
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR accept (2),
.BR connect (2),
.BR getsockname (2),

View File

@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ Calling
with an
.I increment
of 0 can be used to find the current location of the program break.
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
.SH RETURN VALUE
On success,
.BR brk ()
returns zero.
@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ is returned, and
.I errno
is set to
.BR ENOMEM .
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
.SH CONFORMING TO
4.3BSD; SUSv1, marked LEGACY in SUSv2, removed in POSIX.1-2001.
.\"
.\" .BR brk ()
@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ is implemented as a library function that uses the
.BR brk ()
system call, and does some internal bookkeeping so that it can
return the old break value.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR execve (2),
.BR getrlimit (2),
.BR end (3),

View File

@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ Write back to memory and invalidate the affected valid cache lines.
.B BCACHE
Same as
.BR (ICACHE|DCACHE) .
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
.SH RETURN VALUE
.BR cacheflush ()
returns 0 on success or \-1 on error.
If errors are detected,

View File

@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ to all members of the process group whose ID is \-\fIpid\fP.
For details on the data, see
.BR capabilities (7).
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
.SH RETURN VALUE
On success, zero is returned.
On error, \-1 is returned, and
.I errno
@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ instead of 0.)
.TP
.B ESRCH
No such thread.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
.SH CONFORMING TO
These system calls are Linux-specific.
.SH NOTES
The portable interface to the capability querying and setting
@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ library and is available here:
.br
.UR http://www.kernel.org\:/pub\:/linux\:/libs\:/security\:/linux-privs
.UE
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR clone (2),
.BR gettid (2),
.BR capabilities (7)

View File

@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ is identical to
.BR chdir ();
the only difference is that the directory is given as an
open file descriptor.
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
.SH RETURN VALUE
On success, zero is returned.
On error, \-1 is returned, and
.I errno
@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ Search permission was denied on the directory open on
.B EBADF
.I fd
is not a valid file descriptor.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
.SH CONFORMING TO
SVr4, 4.4BSD, POSIX.1-2001.
.SH NOTES
The current working directory is the starting point for interpreting
@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ A child process created via
inherits its parent's current working directory.
The current working directory is left unchanged by
.BR execve (2).
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR chroot (2),
.BR getcwd (3),
.BR path_resolution (7)

View File

@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ already open files, because the access control is done on the server, but
open files are maintained by the client.
Widening the permissions may be
delayed for other clients if attribute caching is enabled on them.
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
.SH RETURN VALUE
On success, zero is returned.
On error, \-1 is returned, and
.I errno
@ -216,9 +216,9 @@ See above.
.TP
.B EROFS
See above.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
.SH CONFORMING TO
4.4BSD, SVr4, POSIX.1-2001.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR chown (2),
.BR execve (2),
.BR fchmodat (2),

View File

@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ bit is not set) the
.B S_ISGID
bit indicates mandatory locking, and is not cleared by a
.BR chown ().
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
.SH RETURN VALUE
On success, zero is returned.
On error, \-1 is returned, and
.I errno
@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ See above.
.TP
.B EROFS
See above.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
.SH CONFORMING TO
4.4BSD, SVr4, POSIX.1-2001.
The 4.4BSD version can only be
@ -333,7 +333,7 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}
.fi
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR chmod (2),
.BR fchownat (2),
.BR flock (2),

View File

@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ by doing:
This call does not close open file descriptors, and such file
descriptors may allow access to files outside the chroot tree.
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
.SH RETURN VALUE
On success, zero is returned.
On error, \-1 is returned, and
.I errno
@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ is not a directory.
.TP
.B EPERM
The caller has insufficient privilege.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
.SH CONFORMING TO
SVr4, 4.4BSD, SUSv2 (marked LEGACY).
This function is not part of POSIX.1-2001.
.\" SVr4 documents additional EINTR, ENOLINK and EMULTIHOP error conditions.
@ -148,6 +148,6 @@ FreeBSD has a stronger
system call.
.\" FIXME . eventually say something about containers,
.\" virtual servers, etc.?
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR chdir (2),
.BR path_resolution (7)

View File

@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ High-resolution per-process timer from the CPU.
.TP
.B CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID
Thread-specific CPU-time clock.
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
.SH RETURN VALUE
.BR clock_gettime (),
.BR clock_settime ()
and
@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ specified is not supported on this system.
.B EPERM
.BR clock_settime ()
does not have permission to set the clock indicated.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
.SH CONFORMING TO
SUSv2, POSIX.1-2001.
.SH AVAILABILITY
On POSIX systems on which these functions are available, the symbol
@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ clocks using
On Linux, these clocks are not settable
(i.e., no process has "appropriate privileges").
.\" See http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=11972
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR date (1),
.BR gettimeofday (2),
.BR settimeofday (2),

View File

@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ it returns the remaining unslept time in
This value can then be used to call
.BR clock_nanosleep ()
again and complete a (relative) sleep.
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
.SH RETURN VALUE
On successfully sleeping for the requested interval,
.BR clock_nanosleep ()
returns 0.
@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ The
.BR clock_nanosleep ()
system call first appeared in Linux 2.6.
Support is available in glibc since version 2.1.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
.SH CONFORMING TO
POSIX.1-2001.
.SH NOTES
If the interval specified in
@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ clock via
.BR clock_settime (2)
shall have no effect on a thread that is blocked on a relative
.BR clock_nanosleep ().
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR clock_getres (2),
.BR nanosleep (2),
.BR timer_create (2),

View File

@ -801,7 +801,7 @@ does not take arguments
.IR tls ,
and
.IR ctid .
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
.SH RETURN VALUE
.\" gettid(2) returns current->pid;
.\" getpid(2) returns current->tgid;
On success, the thread ID of the child process is returned
@ -925,7 +925,7 @@ in libc5.
glibc2 provides
.BR clone ()
as described in this manual page.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
.SH CONFORMING TO
The
.BR clone ()
and
@ -1119,7 +1119,7 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}
.fi
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR fork (2),
.BR futex (2),
.BR getpid (2),

View File

@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ if the descriptor was the last reference to a file which has been
removed using
.BR unlink (2)
the file is deleted.
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
.SH RETURN VALUE
.BR close ()
returns zero on success.
On error, \-1 is returned, and
@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ call was interrupted by a signal; see
.TP
.B EIO
An I/O error occurred.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
.SH CONFORMING TO
SVr4, 4.3BSD, POSIX.1-2001.
.\" SVr4 documents an additional ENOLINK error condition.
.SH NOTES
@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ that may cause unintended side effects.
.\" call has restared after ERESTARTSYS, the original system call will
.\" later restart with the reused file descriptor. This is most likely a
.\" serious programming error.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR fcntl (2),
.BR fsync (2),
.BR open (2),

View File

@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ member of
set to
.BR AF_UNSPEC
(supported on Linux since kernel 2.2).
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
.SH RETURN VALUE
If the connection or binding succeeds, zero is returned.
On error, \-1 is returned, and
.I errno
@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ The server may be too
busy to accept new connections.
Note that for IP sockets the timeout may
be very long when syncookies are enabled on the server.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
.SH CONFORMING TO
SVr4, 4.4BSD, (the
.BR connect ()
function first appeared in 4.2BSD), POSIX.1-2001.
@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ An example of the use of
.BR connect ()
is shown in
.BR getaddrinfo (3).
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR accept (2),
.BR bind (2),
.BR getsockname (2),

View File

@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ This system call is present only in kernels before Linux 2.6.
attempts to create a loadable module entry and reserve the kernel memory
that will be needed to hold the module.
This system call requires privilege.
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
.SH RETURN VALUE
On success, returns the kernel address at which the module will reside.
On error \-1 is returned and
.I errno
@ -57,10 +57,10 @@ capability).
This system call is only present on Linux up until kernel 2.4;
it was removed in Linux 2.6.
.\" Removed in Linux 2.5.48
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
.SH CONFORMING TO
.BR create_module ()
is Linux-specific.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR delete_module (2),
.BR init_module (2),
.BR query_module (2)

View File

@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ this flag is silently ignored.
.BR CONFIG_MODULE_FORCE_UNLOAD
is enabled.)
Using this flag taints the kernel (TAINT_FORCED_RMMOD).
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
.SH RETURN VALUE
On success, zero is returned.
On error, \-1 is returned and
.I errno
@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ but the reference count of this module is nonzero and
.B O_TRUNC
was not specified in
.IR flags .
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
.SH CONFORMING TO
.BR delete_module ()
is Linux-specific.
.SH NOTES
@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ Some further details of differences in the behavior of
in Linux 2.4 and earlier are
.I not
currently explained in this manual page.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR create_module (2),
.BR init_module (2),
.BR query_module (2),

View File

@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ then
.BR dup3 ()
fails with the error
.BR EINVAL .
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
.SH RETURN VALUE
On success, these system calls
return the new descriptor.
On error, \-1 is returned, and
@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ descriptors open and tried to open a new one.
was added to Linux in version 2.6.27;
glibc support is available starting with
version 2.9.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
.SH CONFORMING TO
.BR dup (),
.BR dup2 ():
SVr4, 4.3BSD, POSIX.1-2001.
@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ or
without closing
.I newfd
first.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR close (2),
.BR fcntl (2),
.BR open (2)

View File

@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ See the description of the
flag in
.BR open (2)
for reasons why this may be useful.
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
.SH RETURN VALUE
On success,
these system calls
return a nonnegative file descriptor.
@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ must still be greater than zero,
in order to ensure backward compatibility when new
.B epoll
applications are run on older kernels.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR close (2),
.BR epoll_ctl (2),
.BR epoll_wait (2),

View File

@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ The user must call
with
.B EPOLL_CTL_MOD
to rearm the file descriptor with a new event mask.
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
.SH RETURN VALUE
When successful,
.BR epoll_ctl ()
returns zero.
@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ when using
Applications that need to be portable to kernels before 2.6.9
should specify a non-NULL pointer in
.IR event .
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR epoll_create (2),
.BR epoll_wait (2),
.BR poll (2),

View File

@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ argument may be specified as NULL, in which case
.BR epoll_pwait ()
is equivalent to
.BR epoll_wait ().
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
.SH RETURN VALUE
When successful,
.BR epoll_wait ()
returns the number of file descriptors ready for the requested I/O, or zero
@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ is 4 and the kernel
.I HZ
value is 1000,
this means that timeouts greater than 35.79 minutes are treated as infinity.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR epoll_create (2),
.BR epoll_ctl (2),
.BR epoll (7)

View File

@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ File descriptors created by
are preserved across
.BR execve (2),
unless the close-on-exec flag has been set.
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
.SH RETURN VALUE
On success,
.BR eventfd ()
returns a new eventfd file descriptor.
@ -413,7 +413,7 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
}
}
.fi
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR futex (2),
.BR pipe (2),
.BR poll (2),

View File

@ -352,7 +352,7 @@ environment space as was provided by Linux 2.6.23 and earlier.
Additionally, the limit per string is 32 pages (the kernel constant
.BR MAX_ARG_STRLEN ),
and the maximum number of strings is 0x7FFFFFFF.
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
.SH RETURN VALUE
On success,
.BR execve ()
does not return, on error \-1 is returned, and
@ -447,7 +447,7 @@ file has the set-user-ID or set-group-ID bit set.
.TP
.B ETXTBSY
Executable was open for writing by one or more processes.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
.SH CONFORMING TO
SVr4, 4.3BSD, POSIX.1-2001.
POSIX.1-2001 does not document the #! behavior
but is otherwise compatible.
@ -634,7 +634,7 @@ argv[3]: hello
argv[4]: world
.fi
.in
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR chmod (2),
.BR fork (2),
.BR ptrace (2),

View File

@ -34,15 +34,15 @@ This system call is equivalent to
.BR exit (2)
except that it terminates not only the calling thread, but all threads
in the calling process's thread group.
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
.SH RETURN VALUE
This system call does not return.
.SH VERSIONS
This call is present since Linux 2.5.35.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
.SH CONFORMING TO
This call is Linux-specific.
.SH NOTES
Since glibc 2.3, this is the system call invoked when the
.BR exit (2)
wrapper function is called.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR exit (2)

View File

@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ If
.I pathname
is a symbolic link, do not dereference it:
instead return information about the link itself.
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
.SH RETURN VALUE
On success, (all requested permissions granted)
.BR faccessat ()
returns 0.
@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ is a file descriptor referring to a file other than a directory.
.BR faccessat ()
was added to Linux in kernel 2.6.16;
library support was added to glibc in version 2.4.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
.SH CONFORMING TO
POSIX.1-2008.
.SH NOTES
See
@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ flags are actually implemented within the glibc wrapper function for
If either of these flags are specified, then the wrapper function employs
.BR fstatat (2)
to determine access permissions.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR access (2),
.BR openat (2),
.BR euidaccess (3),

View File

@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ If
is a symbolic link, do not dereference it:
instead operate on the link itself.
This flag is not currently implemented.
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
.SH RETURN VALUE
On success,
.BR fchmodat ()
returns 0.
@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ which is not supported.
.BR fchmodat ()
was added to Linux in kernel 2.6.16;
library support was added to glibc in version 2.4.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
.SH CONFORMING TO
POSIX.1-2008.
.SH NOTES
See
@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ This interface differs from the underlying Linux system call, which does
have a
.I flags
argument.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR chmod (2),
.BR openat (2),
.BR path_resolution (7),

View File

@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ instead operate on the link itself, like
.BR fchownat ()
dereferences symbolic links, like
.BR chown (2).)
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
.SH RETURN VALUE
On success,
.BR fchownat ()
returns 0.
@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ is a file descriptor referring to a file other than a directory.
.BR fchownat ()
was added to Linux in kernel 2.6.16;
library support was added to glibc in version 2.4.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
.SH CONFORMING TO
POSIX.1-2008.
A similar system call exists on Solaris.
.SH NOTES
@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ See
.BR openat (2)
for an explanation of the need for
.BR fchownat ().
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR chown (2),
.BR openat (2),
.BR path_resolution (7),

View File

@ -1048,7 +1048,7 @@ of buffer space currently used to store data produces the error
.BR F_GETPIPE_SZ " (\fIvoid\fP; since Linux 2.6.35)"
Return (as the function result) the capacity of the pipe referred to by
.IR fd .
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
.SH RETURN VALUE
For a successful call, the return value depends on the operation:
.TP 0.9i
.B F_DUPFD
@ -1143,7 +1143,7 @@ protocol failed (e.g., locking over NFS).
Attempted to clear the
.B O_APPEND
flag on a file that has the append-only attribute set.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
.SH CONFORMING TO
SVr4, 4.3BSD, POSIX.1-2001.
Only the operations
.BR F_DUPFD ,
@ -1294,7 +1294,7 @@ only after a write lock was acquired.
Similar races exist between mandatory locks and
.BR mmap (2).
It is therefore inadvisable to rely on mandatory locking.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR dup2 (2),
.BR flock (2),
.BR open (2),

View File

@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ are preserved across an
A shared or exclusive lock can be placed on a file regardless of the
mode in which the file was opened.
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
.SH RETURN VALUE
On success, zero is returned.
On error, \-1 is returned, and
.I errno
@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ The kernel ran out of memory for allocating lock records.
The file is locked and the
.B LOCK_NB
flag was selected.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
.SH CONFORMING TO
4.4BSD (the
.BR flock ()
call first appeared in 4.2BSD).
@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ was specified.
and occurs on many other implementations.)
.\" Kernel 2.5.21 changed things a little: during lock conversion
.\" it is now the highest priority process that will get the lock -- mtk
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR flock (1),
.BR close (2),
.BR dup (2),

View File

@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ in the parent and child
.I may
share the directory stream positioning;
on Linux/glibc they do not.
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
.SH RETURN VALUE
On success, the PID of the child process is returned in the parent,
and 0 is returned in the child.
On failure, \-1 is returned in the parent,
@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ failed to allocate the necessary kernel structures because memory is tight.
is not supported on this platform (for example,
.\" e.g., arm (optionally), blackfin, c6x, frv, h8300, microblaze, xtensa
hardware without a Memory-Management Unit).
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
.SH CONFORMING TO
SVr4, 4.3BSD, POSIX.1-2001.
.SH NOTES
.PP
@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ See
.BR pipe (2)
and
.BR wait (2).
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR clone (2),
.BR execve (2),
.BR exit (2),

View File

@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ instead return information about the link itself, like
.BR fstatat ()
dereferences symbolic links, like
.BR stat (2).)
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
.SH RETURN VALUE
On success,
.BR fstatat ()
returns 0.
@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ is a file descriptor referring to a file other than a directory.
.BR fstatat ()
was added to Linux in kernel 2.6.16;
library support was added to glibc in version 2.4.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
.SH CONFORMING TO
POSIX.1-2008.
A similar system call exists on Solaris.
.SH NOTES
@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ The underlying system call employed by the glibc
.BR fstatat ()
wrapper function is actually called
.BR fstatat64 ().
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR openat (2),
.BR stat (2),
.BR path_resolution (7),

View File

@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ The aim of
.BR fdatasync ()
is to reduce disk activity for applications that do not
require all metadata to be synchronized with the disk.
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
.SH RETURN VALUE
On success, these system calls return zero.
On error, \-1 is returned, and
.I errno
@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ An error occurred during synchronization.
.BR EROFS ", " EINVAL
.I fd
is bound to a special file which does not support synchronization.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
.SH CONFORMING TO
4.3BSD, POSIX.1-2001.
.SH AVAILABILITY
On POSIX systems on which
@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ In these cases disk caches need to be disabled using
or
.BR sdparm (8)
to guarantee safe operation.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR bdflush (2),
.BR open (2),
.BR sync (2),

View File

@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ futex \- fast user-space locking
.BI " int *" uaddr2 ", int " val3 );
.\" int *? void *? u32 *?
.fi
.SH "DESCRIPTION"
.SH DESCRIPTION
.PP
The
.BR futex ()
@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ If not, the operation fails with the error
The argument
.I timeout
is ignored.
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
.SH RETURN VALUE
.PP
In the event of an error, all operations return \-1, and set
.I errno
@ -247,7 +247,7 @@ and the value pointed to by
was not equal to the expected value
.I val
at the time of the call.
.SH "VERSIONS"
.SH VERSIONS
.PP
Initial futex support was merged in Linux 2.5.7 but with different semantics
from what was described above.
@ -257,9 +257,9 @@ In Linux 2.5.70 one argument
was added.
In Linux 2.6.7 a sixth argument was added\(emmessy, especially
on the s390 architecture.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
.SH CONFORMING TO
This system call is Linux-specific.
.SH "NOTES"
.SH NOTES
.PP
To reiterate, bare futexes are not intended as an easy-to-use abstraction
for end-users.
@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ read the sources of the futex user-space library referenced below.
.\" Matthew Kirkwood, Ingo Molnar (Red Hat)
.\" and Rusty Russell (IBM Linux Technology Center).
.\" This page written by bert hubert.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR futex (7)
.PP
\fIFuss, Futexes and Furwocks: Fast Userlevel Locking in Linux\fP

View File

@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ If
is absolute, then
.I dirfd
is ignored.
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
.SH RETURN VALUE
On success,
.BR futimesat ()
returns a 0.
@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ is a file descriptor referring to a file other than a directory.
.BR futimesat ()
was added to Linux in kernel 2.6.16;
library support was added to glibc in version 2.4.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
.SH CONFORMING TO
This system call is nonstandard.
It was implemented from a specification that was proposed for POSIX.1,
but that specification was replaced by the one for
@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ is NULL, then the glibc
wrapper function updates the times for the file referred to by
.IR dirfd .
.\" The Solaris futimesat() also has this strangeness.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR stat (2),
.BR utimensat (2),
.BR utimes (2),

View File

@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ which the module is loaded.
The symbols exported from each module follow their magic module tag
and the modules are returned in the reverse of the
order in which they were loaded.
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
.SH RETURN VALUE
On success, returns the number of symbols copied to
.IR table .
On error, \-1 is returned and
@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ is not supported in this version of the kernel.
This system call is only present on Linux up until kernel 2.4;
it was removed in Linux 2.6.
.\" Removed in Linux 2.5.48
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
.SH CONFORMING TO
.BR get_kernel_syms ()
is Linux-specific.
.SH BUGS
@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ favor of
.BR query_module (2)
(which is itself nowadays deprecated
in favor of other interfaces described on its manual page).
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR create_module (2),
.BR delete_module (2),
.BR init_module (2),

View File

@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ The
.I len
argument should be
.IR sizeof(*head) .
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
.SH RETURN VALUE
The
.BR set_robust_list ()
and
@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ In the unlikely event that you want to call them directly, use
A thread can have only one robust futex list;
therefore applications that wish
to use this functionality should use the robust mutexes provided by glibc.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR futex (2)
.\" .BR pthread_mutexattr_setrobust_np (3)

View File

@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
.TH GET_THREAD_AREA 2 2012-07-13 "Linux" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
.SH NAME
get_thread_area \- get a thread-local storage (TLS) area
.SH "SYNOPSIS"
.SH SYNOPSIS
.B #include <linux/unistd.h>
.br
.B #include <asm/ldt.h>
@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ get_thread_area \- get a thread-local storage (TLS) area
.IR Note :
There is no glibc wrapper for this system call; see NOTES.
.SH "DESCRIPTION"
.SH DESCRIPTION
.BR get_thread_area ()
returns an entry in the current thread's thread-local storage (TLS) array.
The index of the entry corresponds to the value
@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ If the value is in bounds,
.BR get_thread_area ()
copies the corresponding
TLS entry into the area pointed to by \fIu_info\fP.
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
.SH RETURN VALUE
.BR get_thread_area ()
returns 0 on success.
Otherwise, it returns \-1 and sets
@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ appropriately.
A version of
.BR get_thread_area ()
first appeared in Linux 2.5.32.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
.SH CONFORMING TO
.BR get_thread_area ()
is Linux-specific and should not be used in programs
that are intended to be portable.
@ -50,6 +50,6 @@ Glibc does not provide a wrapper for this system call,
since it is generally intended only for use by threading libraries.
In the unlikely event that you want to call it directly, use
.BR syscall (2).
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR modify_ldt (2),
.BR set_thread_area (2)

View File

@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ The caller must allow for the possibility that the information returned in
and
.I node
is no longer current by the time the call returns.
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
.SH RETURN VALUE
On success, 0 is returned.
On error, \-1 is returned, and
.I errno

View File

@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ have full support for returning the file type in
.IR d_type .
All applications must properly handle a return of
.BR DT_UNKNOWN .
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
.SH RETURN VALUE
On success, the number of bytes read is returned.
On end of directory, 0 is returned.
On error, \-1 is returned, and
@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ No such directory.
.TP
.B ENOTDIR
File descriptor does not refer to a directory.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
.SH CONFORMING TO
SVr4.
.\" SVr4 documents additional ENOLINK, EIO error conditions.
.SH NOTES
@ -276,6 +276,6 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}
.fi
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR readdir (2),
.BR readdir (3)

View File

@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ bytes.
If the null-terminated domain name requires more than \fIlen\fP bytes,
.BR getdomainname ()
returns the first \fIlen\fP bytes (glibc) or gives an error (libc).
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
.SH RETURN VALUE
On success, zero is returned.
On error, \-1 is returned, and
.I errno
@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ is NULL or
is longer than
.I len
bytes.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
.SH CONFORMING TO
POSIX does not specify these calls.
.\" But they appear on most systems...
.SH NOTES
@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ as a library function that returns a copy of the
.I domainname
field returned from a call to
.BR uname (2).
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR gethostname (2),
.BR sethostname (2),
.BR uname (2)

View File

@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ returns the real group ID of the calling process.
returns the effective group ID of the calling process.
.SH ERRORS
These functions are always successful.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
.SH CONFORMING TO
POSIX.1-2001, 4.3BSD.
.SH NOTES
The original Linux
@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ The glibc
and
.BR getegid ()
wrapper functions transparently deal with the variations across kernel versions.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR getresgid (2),
.BR setgid (2),
.BR setregid (2),

View File

@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ The
argument specifies the number of supplementary group IDs
in the buffer pointed to by
.IR list .
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
.SH RETURN VALUE
On success,
.BR getgroups ()
returns the number of supplementary group IDs.
@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ Out of memory.
.TP
.B EPERM
The calling process has insufficient privilege.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
.SH CONFORMING TO
SVr4, 4.3BSD.
The
.BR getgroups ()
@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ supporting 32-bit IDs.
The glibc
.BR getgroups ()
wrapper function transparently deals with the variation across kernel versions.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR getgid (2),
.BR setgid (2),
.BR getgrouplist (3),

View File

@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ then the name is truncated, and no error is returned (but see NOTES below).
POSIX.1-2001 says that if such truncation occurs,
then it is unspecified whether the returned buffer
includes a terminating null byte.
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
.SH RETURN VALUE
On success, zero is returned.
On error, \-1 is returned, and
.I errno
@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ For
the caller did not have the
.B CAP_SYS_ADMIN
capability.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
.SH CONFORMING TO
SVr4, 4.4BSD (these interfaces first appeared in 4.2BSD).
POSIX.1-2001 specifies
.BR gethostname ()
@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ and the function returns \-1 with
.I errno
set to
.BR ENAMETOOLONG .
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR getdomainname (2),
.BR setdomainname (2),
.BR uname (2)

View File

@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ If the timer expires while the process is active (always true for
the signal will be delivered immediately when generated.
Otherwise the
delivery will be offset by a small time dependent on the system loading.
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
.SH RETURN VALUE
On success, zero is returned.
On error, \-1 is returned, and
.I errno
@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ or (since Linux 2.6.22) one of the
fields in the structure pointed to by
.I new_value
contains a value outside the range 0 to 999999.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
.SH CONFORMING TO
POSIX.1-2001, SVr4, 4.4BSD (this call first appeared in 4.2BSD).
POSIX.1-2008 marks
.BR getitimer ()
@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ error.
.\" Bugzilla report 25 Apr 2006:
.\" http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=6443
.\" "setitimer() should reject noncanonical arguments"
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR gettimeofday (2),
.BR sigaction (2),
.BR signal (2),

View File

@ -103,6 +103,6 @@ Here libc4, libc5, glibc 2.0 fail because their
.BR getpagesize ()
returns a statically derived value, and does not use a system call.
Things are OK in glibc 2.1.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR mmap (2),
.BR sysconf (3)

View File

@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ The returned address is truncated if the buffer provided is too small;
in this case,
.I addrlen
will return a value greater than was supplied to the call.
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
.SH RETURN VALUE
On success, zero is returned.
On error, \-1 is returned, and
.I errno
@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ The socket is not connected.
The argument
.I sockfd
is a file, not a socket.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
.SH CONFORMING TO
SVr4, 4.4BSD (the
.BR getpeername ()
function call first appeared in 4.2BSD), POSIX.1-2001.
@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ call was also executed on the peer).
Note also that the receiver of a datagram can obtain
the address of the sender when using
.BR recvfrom (2).
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR accept (2),
.BR bind (2),
.BR getsockname (2),

View File

@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ routines that generate unique temporary filenames.)
returns the process ID of the parent of the calling process.
.SH ERRORS
These functions are always successful.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
.SH CONFORMING TO
POSIX.1-2001, 4.3BSD, SVr4.
.SH NOTES
Since glibc version 2.3.4,
@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ for discussion of a case where
may return the wrong value even when invoking
.BR clone (2)
via the glibc wrapper function.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR clone (2),
.BR fork (2),
.BR kill (2),

View File

@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ The
call sets the priorities of all of the specified processes
to the specified value.
Only the superuser may lower priorities.
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
.SH RETURN VALUE
Since
.BR getpriority ()
can legitimately return the value \-1, it is necessary
@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ and was not privileged (on Linux: did not have the
.B CAP_SYS_NICE
capability).
But see NOTES below.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
.SH CONFORMING TO
SVr4, 4.4BSD (these function calls first appeared in 4.2BSD),
POSIX.1-2001.
.SH NOTES
@ -227,7 +227,7 @@ the nice value is a per-thread attribute:
different threads in the same process can have different nice values.
Portable applications should avoid relying on the Linux behavior,
which may be made standards conformant in the future.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR nice (1),
.BR renice (1),
.BR fork (2),

View File

@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ and
respectively.
.BR getresgid ()
performs the analogous task for the process's group IDs.
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
.SH RETURN VALUE
On success, zero is returned.
On error, \-1 is returned, and
.I errno
@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ The prototypes are given by glibc since version 2.3.2,
provided
.B _GNU_SOURCE
is defined.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
.SH CONFORMING TO
These calls are nonstandard;
they also appear on HP-UX and some of the BSDs.
.SH NOTES
@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ The glibc
and
.BR getresgid ()
wrapper functions transparently deal with the variations across kernel versions.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR getuid (2),
.BR setresuid (2),
.BR setreuid (2),

View File

@ -650,7 +650,7 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
.fi
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR prlimit (1),
.BR dup (2),
.BR fcntl (2),

View File

@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ The number of times a context switch resulted due to a higher
priority process becoming runnable or because the current process
exceeded its time slice.
.PP
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
.SH RETURN VALUE
On success, zero is returned.
On error, \-1 is returned, and
.I errno
@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ points outside the accessible address space.
.B EINVAL
.I who
is invalid.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
.SH CONFORMING TO
SVr4, 4.3BSD.
POSIX.1-2001 specifies
.BR getrusage (),
@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ See also the description of
.IR /proc/PID/stat
in
.BR proc (5).
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR clock_gettime (2),
.BR getrlimit (2),
.BR times (2),

View File

@ -75,12 +75,12 @@ was found.
This system call is available on Linux since version 2.0.
.\" Linux has this system call since Linux 1.3.44.
.\" There is libc support since libc 5.2.19.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
.SH CONFORMING TO
SVr4, POSIX.1-2001.
.SH NOTES
Linux does not return
.BR EPERM .
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR getpgid (2),
.BR setsid (2),
.BR credentials (7)

View File

@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ The returned address is truncated if the buffer provided is too small;
in this case,
.I addrlen
will return a value greater than was supplied to the call.
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
.SH RETURN VALUE
On success, zero is returned.
On error, \-1 is returned, and
.I errno
@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ to perform the operation.
The argument
.I sockfd
is a file, not a socket.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
.SH CONFORMING TO
SVr4, 4.4BSD (the
.BR getsockname ()
function call appeared in 4.2BSD), POSIX.1-2001.
@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ Some POSIX confusion resulted in the present \fIsocklen_t\fP,
also used by glibc.
See also
.BR accept (2).
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR bind (2),
.BR socket (2),
.BR getifaddrs (3),

View File

@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ option is to be disabled.
For a description of the available socket options see
.BR socket (7)
and the appropriate protocol man pages.
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
.SH RETURN VALUE
On success, zero is returned.
On error, \-1 is returned, and
.I errno
@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ The option is unknown at the level indicated.
The argument
.I sockfd
is a file, not a socket.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
.SH CONFORMING TO
SVr4, 4.4BSD (these system calls first appeared in 4.2BSD),
POSIX.1-2001.
.\" SVr4 documents additional ENOMEM and ENOSR error codes, but does
@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ See also
.SH BUGS
Several of the socket options should be handled at lower levels of the
system.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR ioctl (2),
.BR socket (2),
.BR getprotoent (3),

View File

@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ For further details, see the discussion of
.BR CLONE_THREAD
in
.BR clone (2).
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
.SH RETURN VALUE
On success, returns the thread ID of the calling process.
.SH ERRORS
This call is always successful.
@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ This call is always successful.
The
.BR gettid ()
system call first appeared on Linux in kernel 2.4.11.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
.SH CONFORMING TO
.BR gettid ()
is Linux-specific and should not be used in programs that
are intended to be portable.
@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ Glibc does not provide a wrapper for this system call; call it using
The thread ID returned by this call is not the same thing as a
POSIX thread ID (i.e., the opaque value returned by
.BR pthread_self (3)).
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR capget (2),
.BR clone (2),
.BR fcntl (2),

View File

@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ In such a case it is assumed that the CMOS clock
is on local time, and that it has to be incremented by this amount
to get UTC system time.
No doubt it is a bad idea to use this feature.
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
.SH RETURN VALUE
.BR gettimeofday ()
and
.BR settimeofday ()
@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ The calling process has insufficient privilege to call
under Linux the
.B CAP_SYS_TIME
capability is required.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
.SH CONFORMING TO
SVr4, 4.3BSD.
POSIX.1-2001 describes
.BR gettimeofday ()
@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ this period is determined by unpredictable political
decisions.
So this method of representing timezones
has been abandoned.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR date (1),
.BR adjtimex (2),
.BR clock_gettime (2),

View File

@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ returns the real user ID of the calling process.
returns the effective user ID of the calling process.
.SH ERRORS
These functions are always successful.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
.SH CONFORMING TO
POSIX.1-2001, 4.3BSD.
.SH NOTES
.SS History
@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ The glibc
and
.BR geteuid ()
wrapper functions transparently deal with the variations across kernel versions.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR getresuid (2),
.BR setreuid (2),
.BR setuid (2),

View File

@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ value is zero indicates the end of the table.
For more information about the format, see the
.I IA-64 Software Conventions and Runtime Architecture
manual.
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
.SH RETURN VALUE
On success,
.BR getunwind ()
returns the size of unwind table.
@ -107,5 +107,5 @@ is passed to user level via
Glibc does not provide a wrapper for this system call;
in the unlikely event that you want to call it, use
.BR syscall (2).
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR getauxval (3)

View File

@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ can also occur.
.SH VERSIONS
These system calls have been available on Linux since kernel 2.4;
glibc support is provided since version 2.3.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
.SH CONFORMING TO
These system calls are Linux-specific.
.\" .SH AUTHORS
.\" Andreas Gruenbacher,

View File

@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ Only process 0 may call
Any user process, even a process with superuser permission,
will receive
.BR EPERM .
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
.SH RETURN VALUE
.BR idle ()
never returns for process 0, and always returns \-1 for a user process.
.SH ERRORS
@ -58,6 +58,6 @@ never returns for process 0, and always returns \-1 for a user process.
Always, for a user process.
.SH VERSIONS
Since Linux 2.3.13, this system call does not exist anymore.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
.SH CONFORMING TO
This function is Linux-specific, and should not be used in programs
intended to be portable.

View File

@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ If the kernel is built to permit forced loading (i.e., configured with
then loading will continue, otherwise it will fail with
.B ENOEXEC
as expected for malformed modules.
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
.SH RETURN VALUE
On success, these system calls return 0.
On error, \-1 is returned and
.I errno
@ -250,7 +250,7 @@ function.
.SH VERSIONS
.B finit_module ()
is available since Linux 3.8.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
.SH CONFORMING TO
.BR init_module ()
and
.BR finit_module ()
@ -332,7 +332,7 @@ and
are expected to point within the module body and be
initialized as appropriate for kernel space, that is, relocated with
the rest of the module.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR create_module (2),
.BR delete_module (2),
.BR query_module (2),

View File

@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ structures (see
indicating file system events;
the watch descriptor inside this structure identifies
the object for which the event occurred.
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
.SH RETURN VALUE
On success,
.BR inotify_add_watch ()
returns a nonnegative watch descriptor.
@ -114,9 +114,9 @@ The user limit on the total number of inotify watches was reached or the
kernel failed to allocate a needed resource.
.SH VERSIONS
Inotify was merged into the 2.6.13 Linux kernel.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
.SH CONFORMING TO
This system call is Linux-specific.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR inotify_init (2),
.BR inotify_rm_watch (2),
.BR inotify (7)

View File

@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ See the description of the
flag in
.BR open (2)
for reasons why this may be useful.
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
.SH RETURN VALUE
On success, these system calls return a new file descriptor.
On error, \-1 is returned, and
.I errno
@ -95,9 +95,9 @@ library support was added to glibc in version 2.4.
.BR inotify_init1 ()
was added in Linux 2.6.27;
library support was added to glibc in version 2.9.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
.SH CONFORMING TO
These system calls are Linux-specific.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR inotify_add_watch (2),
.BR inotify_rm_watch (2),
.BR inotify (7)

View File

@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ Removing a watch causes an
event to be generated for this watch descriptor.
(See
.BR inotify (7).)
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
.SH RETURN VALUE
On success,
.BR inotify_rm_watch ()
returns zero, or \-1 if an error occurred (in which case,
@ -66,9 +66,9 @@ is not valid; or
is not an inotify file descriptor.
.SH VERSIONS
Inotify was merged into the 2.6.13 Linux kernel.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
.SH CONFORMING TO
This system call is Linux-specific.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR inotify_add_watch (2),
.BR inotify_init (2),
.BR inotify (7)

View File

@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ header files.)
In such cases, the required macro is described in the man page.
For further information on feature test macros, see
.BR feature_test_macros (7).
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
.SH CONFORMING TO
Certain terms and abbreviations are used to indicate UNIX variants
and standards to which calls in this section conform.
See
@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ described in
Look at the header of the manual page source for the author(s) and copyright
conditions.
Note that these can be different from page to page!
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.SH SEE ALSO
.ad l
.nh
.BR _syscall (2),

View File

@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
.TH IO_CANCEL 2 2012-07-13 "Linux" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
.SH NAME
io_cancel \- cancel an outstanding asynchronous I/O operation
.SH "SYNOPSIS"
.SH SYNOPSIS
.nf
.BR "#include <linux/aio_abi.h>" " /* Defines needed types */"
@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ io_cancel \- cancel an outstanding asynchronous I/O operation
.IR Note :
There is no glibc wrapper for this system call; see NOTES.
.SH "DESCRIPTION"
.SH DESCRIPTION
.PP
The
.BR io_cancel ()
@ -28,12 +28,12 @@ argument is the AIO context ID of the operation to be canceled.
If the AIO context is found, the event will be canceled and then copied
into the memory pointed to by \fIresult\fP without being placed
into the completion queue.
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
.SH RETURN VALUE
On success,
.BR io_cancel ()
returns 0.
For the failure return, see NOTES.
.SH "ERRORS"
.SH ERRORS
.TP
.B EAGAIN
The \fIiocb\fP specified was not canceled.
@ -47,10 +47,10 @@ The AIO context specified by \fIctx_id\fP is invalid.
.B ENOSYS
.BR io_cancel ()
is not implemented on this architecture.
.SH "VERSIONS"
.SH VERSIONS
.PP
The asynchronous I/O system calls first appeared in Linux 2.5.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
.SH CONFORMING TO
.PP
.BR io_cancel ()
is Linux-specific and should not be used
@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ then the return value follows the usual conventions for
indicating an error: \-1, with
.I errno
set to a (positive) value that indicates the error.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR io_destroy (2),
.BR io_getevents (2),
.BR io_setup (2),

View File

@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
.TH IO_DESTROY 2 2012-07-13 "Linux" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
.SH NAME
io_destroy \- destroy an asynchronous I/O context
.SH "SYNOPSIS"
.SH SYNOPSIS
.nf
.BR "#include <linux/aio_abi.h>" " /* Defines needed types */"
@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ io_destroy \- destroy an asynchronous I/O context
.IR Note :
There is no glibc wrapper for this system call; see NOTES.
.SH "DESCRIPTION"
.SH DESCRIPTION
.PP
The
.BR io_destroy ()
@ -26,12 +26,12 @@ from the list of
I/O contexts and then destroys it.
It can also cancel any outstanding asynchronous I/O
actions on \fIctx_id\fP and block on completion.
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
.SH RETURN VALUE
On success,
.BR io_destroy ()
returns 0.
For the failure return, see NOTES.
.SH "ERRORS"
.SH ERRORS
.TP
.B EFAULT
The context pointed to is invalid.
@ -42,10 +42,10 @@ The AIO context specified by \fIctx_id\fP is invalid.
.B ENOSYS
.BR io_destroy ()
is not implemented on this architecture.
.SH "VERSIONS"
.SH VERSIONS
.PP
The asynchronous I/O system calls first appeared in Linux 2.5.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
.SH CONFORMING TO
.PP
.BR io_destroy ()
is Linux-specific and should not be used in programs
@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ then the return value follows the usual conventions for
indicating an error: \-1, with
.I errno
set to a (positive) value that indicates the error.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR io_cancel (2),
.BR io_getevents (2),
.BR io_setup (2),

View File

@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
.TH IO_GETEVENTS 2 2012-11-11 "Linux" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
.SH NAME
io_getevents \- read asynchronous I/O events from the completion queue
.SH "SYNOPSIS"
.SH SYNOPSIS
.nf
.BR "#include <linux/aio_abi.h>" " /* Defines needed types */"
.BR "#include <linux/time.h>" " /* Defines 'struct timespec' */"
@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ io_getevents \- read asynchronous I/O events from the completion queue
.IR Note :
There is no glibc wrapper for this system call; see NOTES.
.SH "DESCRIPTION"
.SH DESCRIPTION
.PP
The
.BR io_getevents ()
@ -31,13 +31,13 @@ where a NULL timeout waits until at least \fImin_nr\fP events
have been seen.
Note that \fItimeout\fP is relative and will be updated if not NULL
and the operation blocks.
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
.SH RETURN VALUE
On success,
.BR io_getevents ()
returns the number of events read: 0 if no events are
available, or less than \fImin_nr\fP if the \fItimeout\fP has elapsed.
For the failure return, see NOTES.
.SH "ERRORS"
.SH ERRORS
.TP
.B EFAULT
Either \fIevents\fP or \fItimeout\fP is an invalid pointer.
@ -54,10 +54,10 @@ Interrupted by a signal handler; see
.B ENOSYS
.BR io_getevents ()
is not implemented on this architecture.
.SH "VERSIONS"
.SH VERSIONS
.PP
The asynchronous I/O system calls first appeared in Linux 2.5.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
.SH CONFORMING TO
.PP
.BR io_getevents ()
is Linux-specific and should not be used in
@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ An invalid
.IR ctx_id
may cause a segmentation fault instead of genenerating the error
.BR EINVAL .
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.SH SEE ALSO
.PP
.BR io_cancel (2),
.BR io_destroy (2),

View File

@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
.TH IO_SETUP 2 2012-07-13 "Linux" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
.SH NAME
io_setup \- create an asynchronous I/O context
.SH "SYNOPSIS"
.SH SYNOPSIS
.nf
.BR "#include <linux/aio_abi.h>" " /* Defines needed types */"
@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ io_setup \- create an asynchronous I/O context
.IR Note :
There is no glibc wrapper for this system call; see NOTES.
.SH "DESCRIPTION"
.SH DESCRIPTION
.PP
The
.BR io_setup ()
@ -27,12 +27,12 @@ argument must not point to an AIO context that already exists, and must
be initialized to 0 prior to the call.
On successful creation of the AIO context, \fI*ctx_idp\fP is filled in
with the resulting handle.
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
.SH RETURN VALUE
On success,
.BR io_setup ()
returns 0.
For the failure return, see NOTES.
.SH "ERRORS"
.SH ERRORS
.TP
.B EAGAIN
The specified \fInr_events\fP exceeds the user's limit of available events.
@ -51,10 +51,10 @@ Insufficient kernel resources are available.
.B ENOSYS
.BR io_setup ()
is not implemented on this architecture.
.SH "VERSIONS"
.SH VERSIONS
.PP
The asynchronous I/O system calls first appeared in Linux 2.5.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
.SH CONFORMING TO
.PP
.BR io_setup ()
is Linux-specific and should not be used in programs
@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ then the return value follows the usual conventions for
indicating an error: \-1, with
.I errno
set to a (positive) value that indicates the error.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR io_cancel (2),
.BR io_destroy (2),
.BR io_getevents (2),

View File

@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
.TH IO_SUBMIT 2 2012-07-13 "Linux" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
.SH NAME
io_submit \- submit asynchronous I/O blocks for processing
.SH "SYNOPSIS"
.SH SYNOPSIS
.nf
.BR "#include <linux/aio_abi.h>" " /* Defines needed types */"
@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ io_submit \- submit asynchronous I/O blocks for processing
.IR Note :
There is no glibc wrapper for this system call; see NOTES.
.SH "DESCRIPTION"
.SH DESCRIPTION
.PP
The
.BR io_submit ()
@ -26,13 +26,13 @@ The
.I iocbpp
argument should be an array of \fInr\fP AIO control blocks,
which will be submitted to context \fIctx_id\fP.
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
.SH RETURN VALUE
On success,
.BR io_submit ()
returns the number of \fIiocb\fPs submitted (which may be
0 if \fInr\fP is zero).
For the failure return, see NOTES.
.SH "ERRORS"
.SH ERRORS
.TP
.B EAGAIN
Insufficient resources are available to queue any \fIiocb\fPs.
@ -55,10 +55,10 @@ in the \fIiocb\fP.
.B ENOSYS
.BR io_submit ()
is not implemented on this architecture.
.SH "VERSIONS"
.SH VERSIONS
.PP
The asynchronous I/O system calls first appeared in Linux 2.5.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
.SH CONFORMING TO
.PP
.BR io_submit ()
is Linux-specific and should not be used in
@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ then the return value follows the usual conventions for
indicating an error: \-1, with
.I errno
set to a (positive) value that indicates the error.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR io_cancel (2),
.BR io_destroy (2),
.BR io_getevents (2),

View File

@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ Macros and defines used in specifying an
.I request
are located in the file
.IR <sys/ioctl.h> .
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
.SH RETURN VALUE
Usually, on success zero is returned.
A few
.BR ioctl ()
@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ call has unwanted side effects, that can be avoided under Linux
by giving it the
.B O_NONBLOCK
flag.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR execve (2),
.BR fcntl (2),
.BR ioctl_list (2),

View File

@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ or because of legacy values.
Thus, it seems that the new structure only gave disadvantages:
it does not help in checking, but it causes varying values
for the various architectures.
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
.SH RETURN VALUE
Decent ioctls return 0 on success and \-1 on error, while
any output value is stored via the argument.
However,

View File

@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ programs.
This call is mostly for the i386 architecture.
On many other architectures it does not exist or will always
return an error.
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
.SH RETURN VALUE
On success, zero is returned.
On error, \-1 is returned, and
.I errno
@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ Out of memory.
.TP
.B EPERM
The calling process has insufficient privilege.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
.SH CONFORMING TO
.BR ioperm ()
is Linux-specific and should not be used in programs
intended to be portable.
@ -105,6 +105,6 @@ Glibc2 has a prototype both in
and in
.IR <sys/perm.h> .
Avoid the latter, it is available on i386 only.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR iopl (2),
.BR capabilities (7)

View File

@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ The I/O privilege level for a normal process is 0.
This call is mostly for the i386 architecture.
On many other architectures it does not exist or will always
return an error.
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
.SH RETURN VALUE
On success, zero is returned.
On error, \-1 is returned, and
.I errno
@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ The calling process has insufficient privilege to call
the
.B CAP_SYS_RAWIO
capability is required.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
.SH CONFORMING TO
.BR iopl ()
is Linux-specific and should not be used in programs that are
intended to be portable.
@ -95,6 +95,6 @@ Glibc2 has a prototype both in
and in
.IR <sys/perm.h> .
Avoid the latter, it is available on i386 only.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR ioperm (2),
.BR capabilities (7)

View File

@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ writes.
I/O priorities are not supported for asynchronous
writes because they are issued outside the context of the program
dirtying the memory, and thus program-specific priorities do not apply.
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
.SH RETURN VALUE
On success,
.BR ioprio_get ()
returns the
@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ and
.SH VERSIONS
These system calls have been available on Linux since
kernel 2.6.13.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
.SH CONFORMING TO
These system calls are Linux-specific.
.SH NOTES
Glibc does not provide a wrapper for these system calls; call them using
@ -344,7 +344,7 @@ Glibc does not yet provide a suitable header file defining
the function prototypes and macros described on this page.
Suitable definitions can be found in
.IR linux/ioprio.h .
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR ionice (1),
.BR getpriority (2),
.BR open (2),

View File

@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ the other arguments are passed through to the appropriate call.
User programs should call the appropriate functions by their usual names.
Only standard library implementors and kernel hackers need to know about
.BR ipc ().
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
.SH CONFORMING TO
.BR ipc ()
is Linux-specific, and should not be used in programs
intended to be portable.
@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ system call; instead
.BR semctl (2),
.BR shmctl (2),
and so on really are implemented as separate system calls.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR msgctl (2),
.BR msgget (2),
.BR msgrcv (2),

View File

@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ is not protected against false positives which may have place if tasks are
running.
Which means one should stop tasks being inspected with this syscall to obtain
meaningful results.
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
.SH RETURN VALUE
The return value of a successful call to
.BR kcmp ()
is simply the result of arithmetic comparison
@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ does not exist.
The
.BR kcmp ()
system call first appeared in Linux 3.5.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
.SH CONFORMING TO
.BR kcmp ()
is Linux specific and should not be used in programs intended to be portable.
.SH NOTES
@ -215,6 +215,6 @@ See
.BR clone (2)
for some background information on the shared resources
referred to on this page.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR clone (2),
.BR unshare (2)

View File

@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ In the case of
.B SIGCONT
it suffices when the sending and receiving
processes belong to the same session.
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
.SH RETURN VALUE
On success (at least one signal was sent), zero is returned.
On error, \-1 is returned, and
.I errno
@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ a process which already committed termination, but
has not yet been
.BR wait (2)ed
for.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
.SH CONFORMING TO
SVr4, 4.3BSD, POSIX.1-2001.
.SH NOTES
The only signals that can be sent to process ID 1, the
@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ if the caller did not have permission to send the signal to \fIany\fP (rather
than \fIall\fP) of the members of the process group.
Notwithstanding this error return, the signal was still delivered
to all of the processes for which the caller had permission to signal.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR _exit (2),
.BR killpg (2),
.BR signal (2),

View File

@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ In the case of
.B SIGCONT
it suffices when the sending and receiving
processes belong to the same session.
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
.SH RETURN VALUE
On success, zero is returned.
On error, \-1 is returned, and
.I errno
@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ No process can be found in the process group specified by
.B ESRCH
The process group was given as 0 but the sending process does not
have a process group.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
.SH CONFORMING TO
SVr4, 4.4BSD (the
.BR killpg ()
function call first appeared in 4BSD), POSIX.1-2001.
@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ On Linux,
.BR killpg ()
is implemented as a library function that makes the call
.IR "kill(-pgrp,\ sig)" .
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR getpgrp (2),
.BR kill (2),
.BR signal (2),

View File

@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ This new name may be used exactly as the old one for any operation;
both names refer to the same file (and so have the same permissions
and ownership) and it is impossible to tell which name was the
"original".
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
.SH RETURN VALUE
On success, zero is returned.
On error, \-1 is returned, and
.I errno
@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ are not on the same mounted file system.
.BR link ()
does not work across different mount points,
even if the same file system is mounted on both.)
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
.SH CONFORMING TO
SVr4, 4.3BSD, POSIX.1-2001 (but see NOTES).
.\" SVr4 documents additional ENOLINK and
.\" EMULTIHOP error conditions; POSIX.1 does not document ELOOP.
@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ performs the link creation and dies before it can say so.
Use
.BR stat (2)
to find out if the link got created.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR ln (1),
.BR linkat (2),
.BR open (2),

View File

@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ to be dereferenced if it is a symbolic link.
Before kernel 2.6.18, the
.I flags
argument was unused, and had to be specified as 0.
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
.SH RETURN VALUE
On success,
.BR linkat ()
returns 0.
@ -147,14 +147,14 @@ and
.BR linkat ()
was added to Linux in kernel 2.6.16;
library support was added to glibc in version 2.4.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
.SH CONFORMING TO
POSIX.1-2008.
.SH NOTES
See
.BR openat (2)
for an explanation of the need for
.BR linkat ().
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR link (2),
.BR openat (2),
.BR path_resolution (7),

View File

@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ may receive an error with an indication of
.B ECONNREFUSED
or, if the underlying protocol supports retransmission, the request may be
ignored so that a later reattempt at connection succeeds.
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
.SH RETURN VALUE
On success, zero is returned.
On error, \-1 is returned, and
.I errno
@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ is not a socket.
The socket is not of a type that supports the
.BR listen ()
operation.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
.SH CONFORMING TO
4.4BSD, POSIX.1-2001.
The
.BR listen ()
@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ with the value 128.
.SH EXAMPLE
See
.BR bind (2).
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR accept (2),
.BR bind (2),
.BR connect (2),

View File

@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ can also occur.
.SH VERSIONS
These system calls have been available on Linux since kernel 2.4;
glibc support is provided since version 2.3.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
.SH CONFORMING TO
These system calls are Linux-specific.
.\" .SH AUTHORS
.\" Andreas Gruenbacher,

View File

@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ or
respectively.
It returns the resulting file position in the argument
.IR result .
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
.SH RETURN VALUE
Upon successful completion,
.BR _llseek ()
returns 0.
@ -76,12 +76,12 @@ Problem with copying results to user space.
.B EINVAL
.I whence
is invalid.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
.SH CONFORMING TO
This function is Linux-specific, and should not be used in programs
intended to be portable.
.SH NOTES
Glibc does not provide a wrapper for this system call; call it using
.BR syscall (2).
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR lseek (2),
.BR lseek64 (3)

View File

@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ For
.BR lookup_dcookie ()
to return successfully,
the kernel must still hold a cookie reference to the directory entry.
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
.SH RETURN VALUE
On success,
.BR lookup_dcookie ()
returns the length of the path string copied into the buffer.
@ -75,10 +75,10 @@ Available since Linux 2.5.43.
The
.B ENAMETOOLONG
error return was added in 2.5.70.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
.SH CONFORMING TO
.BR lookup_dcookie ()
is Linux-specific.
.SH "NOTES"
.SH NOTES
.BR lookup_dcookie ()
is a special-purpose system call, currently used only by the oprofile profiler.
It relies on a kernel driver to register cookies for directory entries.

View File

@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ it can be considered to consist of data that is a sequence of zeros).
.\" https://lkml.org/lkml/2011/4/22/79
.\" http://lwn.net/Articles/440255/
.\" http://blogs.oracle.com/bonwick/entry/seek_hole_and_seek_data
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
.SH RETURN VALUE
Upon successful completion,
.BR lseek ()
returns the resulting offset location as measured in bytes from the
@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ is
or
.BR SEEK_HOLE ,
and the current file offset is beyond the end of the file.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
.SH CONFORMING TO
SVr4, 4.3BSD, POSIX.1-2001.
.BR SEEK_DATA
@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ or
.BR fork (2)
share the current file position pointer, so seeking on such files may be
subject to race conditions.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR dup (2),
.BR fork (2),
.BR open (2),

View File

@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ file (see
.BR MADV_DODUMP " (since Linux 3.4)"
Undo the effect of an earlier
.BR MADV_DONTDUMP .
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
.SH RETURN VALUE
On success
.BR madvise ()
returns zero.
@ -322,7 +322,7 @@ Not enough memory: paging in failed.
.B ENOMEM
Addresses in the specified range are not currently
mapped, or are outside the address space of the process.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
.SH CONFORMING TO
POSIX.1b.
POSIX.1-2001 describes
.BR posix_madvise (3)
@ -368,7 +368,7 @@ from the system call, as it should).
.\" The
.\" .BR madvise ()
.\" function first appeared in 4.4BSD.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR getrlimit (2),
.BR mincore (2),
.BR mmap (2),

View File

@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ Pages shared with another process will only be moved if the initiating
process has the
.B CAP_SYS_NICE
privilege.
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
.SH RETURN VALUE
On success
.BR migrate_pages ()
returns the number of pages that could not be moved
@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ The
system call first appeared on Linux in version 2.6.16.
.SH CONFORMING TO
This system call is Linux-specific.
.SH "NOTES"
.SH NOTES
For information on library support, see
.BR numa (7).
@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ The
header is not included with glibc, but requires installing
.I libnuma-devel
or a similar package.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR get_mempolicy (2),
.BR mbind (2),
.BR set_mempolicy (2),

View File

@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ is only a snapshot: pages that are not
locked in memory can come and go at any moment, and the contents of
.I vec
may already be stale by the time this call returns.
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
.SH RETURN VALUE
On success,
.BR mincore ()
returns zero.
@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ to
contained unmapped memory.
.SH VERSIONS
Available since Linux 2.3.99pre1 and glibc 2.2.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
.SH CONFORMING TO
.BR mincore ()
is not specified in POSIX.1-2001,
and it is not available on all UNIX implementations.
@ -163,6 +163,6 @@ mappings, or for nonlinear mappings (established using
.\" .B mincore
.\" always fails with the error
.\" .BR ENOMEM .
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR mlock (2),
.BR mmap (2)

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