Fix redundant formatting macros

This commit is contained in:
Michael Kerrisk 2007-09-20 16:26:31 +00:00
parent c11b1abf2e
commit 0daa9e92d0
203 changed files with 702 additions and 702 deletions

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@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ drwxr-xr-x 2 aeb 1024 Aug 6 23:51 bin
.BI "% " "rm tel1"
.BI "% " "grep maja tel2"
maja 0501-1136285
.BI "% "
.B "% "
.fi
.RE
and here typing Control-D ended the session.

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@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
ldd \- print shared library dependencies
.SH SYNOPSIS
.B ldd
.RB [OPTION]...
.R [OPTION]...
FILE...
.SH DESCRIPTION
.B ldd

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@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ useful information, not only about time used, but also on other
resources like memory, I/O and IPC calls (where available).
The output is formatted using a format string that can be specified
using the \-f option or the
.BR TIME
.B TIME
environment variable.
.LP
The default format string is
@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ GNU time version 1.7 is not yet localized.
Thus, it does not implement the POSIX requirements.
.LP
The environment variable
.BR TIME
.B TIME
was badly chosen.
It is not unusual for systems like
.BR autoconf (1)

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@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ the network errors defined for the protocol after
.BR accept ()
and treat
them like
.BR EAGAIN
.B EAGAIN
by retrying.
In case of TCP/IP these are
.BR ENETDOWN ,
@ -244,9 +244,9 @@ first appeared in 4.2BSD), POSIX.1-2001.
On Linux, the new socket returned by
.BR accept ()
does \fInot\fP inherit file status flags such as
.BR O_NONBLOCK
.B O_NONBLOCK
and
.BR O_ASYNC
.B O_ASYNC
from the listening socket.
This behavior differs from the canonical BSD sockets implementation.
.\" Some testing seems to show that Tru64 5.1 and HP-UX 11 also

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@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ is
then a new huge page segment is created when none
with the given key existed.
If this flag is not set, then
.BR ENOENT
.B ENOENT
is returned when no segment with the given key exists.
.IR
.SH "RETURN VALUE"

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@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ user addresses in the range
.I addr
to
.IR (addr+nbytes-1) .
.IR cache
.I cache
may be one of:
.TP
.B ICACHE

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@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ or referenced by
is changed.
Modes are specified by
.IR or'ing
.I or'ing
the following:
.RS
.TP 1.0i

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@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ It is actually a library function layered on top of the underlying
system call, hereinafter referred to as
.BR sys_clone .
A description of
.BR sys_clone
.B sys_clone
is given towards the end of this page.
Unlike

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@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ system call connects the socket referred to by the file descriptor
to the address specified by
.IR serv_addr .
The
.IR addrlen
.I addrlen
argument specifies the size of
.IR serv_addr .
The format of the address in

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@ -32,11 +32,11 @@ Control an
descriptor,
.IR epfd ,
by requesting that the operation
.IR op
.I op
be performed on the target file descriptor,
.IR fd .
The
.IR event
.I event
describes the object linked to the file descriptor
.IR fd .
The
@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ The
interface supports all file descriptors that support
.BR poll (2).
Valid values for the
.IR op
.I op
parameter are :
.RS
.TP
@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ from the
file descriptor,
.IR epfd .
The
.IR event
.I event
is ignored and can be NULL (but see BUGS below).
.RE
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
@ -181,17 +181,17 @@ is not a valid file descriptor.
was
.BR EPOLL_CTL_ADD ,
and the supplied file descriptor
.IR fd
.I fd
is already in
.IR epfd .
.TP
.B EINVAL
.IR epfd
.I epfd
is not an
.B epoll
file descriptor,
or
.IR fd
.I fd
is the same as
.IR epfd ,
or the requested operation
@ -201,11 +201,11 @@ is not supported by this interface.
.B ENOENT
.I op
was
.BR EPOLL_CTL_MOD
.B EPOLL_CTL_MOD
or
.BR EPOLL_CTL_DEL ,
and
.IR fd
.I fd
is not in
.IR epfd .
.TP

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@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ requested events occurred or the
expired.
.TP
.B EINVAL
.IR epfd
.I epfd
is not an
.B epoll
file descriptor, or

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@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ after a successful
If the set-user-ID bit is set on the program file pointed to by
\fIfilename\fP,
and the underlying file system is not mounted
.IR nosuid
.I nosuid
(the
.B MS_NOSUID
flag for
@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ flag is cleared.
.IP * 4
The process name, as set by
.BR prctl (2)
.BR PR_SET_NAME
.B PR_SET_NAME
(and displayed by
.IR "ps \-o comm" ),
is reset to the name of the new executable file.
@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ By default, file descriptors remain open across an
.BR execve ().
File descriptors that are marked close-on-exec are closed
; see the description of
.BR FD_CLOEXEC
.B FD_CLOEXEC
in
.BR fcntl (2).
(If a file descriptor is closed, this will cause the release
@ -286,7 +286,7 @@ and environment
.RI ( envp )
strings that may be passed to a new program.
POSIX.1 allows an implementation to advertise this limit using the
.BR ARG_MAX
.B ARG_MAX
constant (either defined in
.I <limits.h>
or available at run time using the call
@ -307,7 +307,7 @@ resource limit (see
For
these architectures, the total size is limited to 1/4 of the allowed
stack size, the limit per string is 32 pages (the kernel constant
.BR MAX_ARG_STRLEN),
.B MAX_ARG_STRLEN),
and the maximum number of strings is 0x7FFFFFFF.
(This change allows programs to have a much larger
argument and/or environment list.
@ -466,7 +466,7 @@ and
can be specified as NULL,
which has the same effect as specifying these arguments
as pointers to lists containing a single NULL pointer.
.BR "Do not take advantage of this misfeature!"
.B "Do not take advantage of this misfeature!"
It is non-standard and non-portable:
on most other Unix systems doing this will result in an error.
.\" e.g., EFAULT on Solaris 8 and FreeBSD 6.1; but

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@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ If the pathname given in
.I pathname
is relative, then it is interpreted relative to the directory
referred to by the file descriptor
.IR dirfd
.I dirfd
(rather than relative to the current working directory of
the calling process, as is done by
.BR access (2)
@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ directory of the calling process (like
.BR access (2)).
If
.IR pathname
.I pathname
is absolute, then
.I dirfd
is ignored.

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@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ If the pathname given in
.I pathname
is relative, then it is interpreted relative to the directory
referred to by the file descriptor
.IR dirfd
.I dirfd
(rather than relative to the current working directory of
the calling process, as is done by
.BR chmod (2)
@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ directory of the calling process (like
.BR chmod (2)).
If
.IR pathname
.I pathname
is absolute, then
.I dirfd
is ignored.
@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ is relative and
is a file descriptor referring to a file other than a directory.
.TP
.B ENOTSUP
.IR flags
.I flags
specified
.BR AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW ,
which is not supported.

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@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ If the pathname given in
.I pathname
is relative, then it is interpreted relative to the directory
referred to by the file descriptor
.IR dirfd
.I dirfd
(rather than relative to the current working directory of
the calling process, as is done by
.BR chown (2)
@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ directory of the calling process (like
.BR chown (2)).
If
.IR pathname
.I pathname
is absolute, then
.I dirfd
is ignored.

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@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ On Linux this command can only change the
.BR O_DIRECT ,
.BR O_NOATIME ,
and
.BR O_NONBLOCK
.B O_NONBLOCK
flags.
.\" FIXME . According to POSIX.1-2001, O_SYNC should also be modifiable
.\" via fcntl(2), but currently Linux does not permit this
@ -351,7 +351,7 @@ or converted to a mode that is compatible with the access.
If the
.B O_NONBLOCK
flag is enabled, then the system call fails with the error
.BR EAGAIN
.B EAGAIN
or
.BR EWOULDBLOCK .
@ -422,7 +422,7 @@ Sending a signal to the owner process (group) specified by
is subject to the same permissions checks as are described for
.BR kill (2),
where the sending process is the one that employs
.BR F_SETOWN
.B F_SETOWN
(but see BUGS below).
.sp
If the file descriptor
@ -916,7 +916,7 @@ Only the operations
.BR F_SETLKW ,
.BR F_GETOWN ,
and
.BR F_SETOWN
.B F_SETOWN
are specified in POSIX.1-2001.
.BR F_GETSIG ,
@ -924,10 +924,10 @@ are specified in POSIX.1-2001.
.BR F_NOTIFY ,
.BR F_GETLEASE ,
and
.BR F_SETLEASE
.B F_SETLEASE
are Linux specific.
(Define the
.BR _GNU_SOURCE
.B _GNU_SOURCE
macro to obtain these definitions.)
.\" .PP
.\" SVr4 documents additional EIO, ENOLINK and EOVERFLOW error conditions.

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@ -168,9 +168,9 @@ It was not possible to create a new process because the caller's
.B RLIMIT_NPROC
resource limit was encountered.
To exceed this limit, the process must have either the
.BR CAP_SYS_ADMIN
.B CAP_SYS_ADMIN
or the
.BR CAP_SYS_RESOURCE
.B CAP_SYS_RESOURCE
capability.
.TP
.B ENOMEM

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@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ If the pathname given in
.I pathname
is relative, then it is interpreted relative to the directory
referred to by the file descriptor
.IR dirfd
.I dirfd
(rather than relative to the current working directory of
the calling process, as is done by
.BR stat (2)
@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ directory of the calling process (like
.BR stat (2)).
If
.IR pathname
.I pathname
is absolute, then
.I dirfd
is ignored.

View File

@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ If the pathname given in
.I pathname
is relative, then it is interpreted relative to the directory
referred to by the file descriptor
.IR dirfd
.I dirfd
(rather than relative to the current working directory of
the calling process, as is done by
.BR utimes (2)
@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ directory of the calling process (like
.BR utimes (2)).
If
.IR pathname
.I pathname
is absolute, then
.I dirfd
is ignored.

View File

@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ The memory policy defines from which node memory is allocated for
the process.
If
.IR flags
.I flags
is specified as 0,
then information about the calling process's default policy
(as set by
@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ argument is not NULL, then
will store the policy mode of the requested NUMA policy in the location
pointed to by this argument.
If
.IR nodemask
.I nodemask
is not NULL, then the nodemask associated with the policy will be stored
in the location pointed to by this argument.
.I maxnode

View File

@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ but not
SUSv2 guarantees that `Host names are limited to 255 bytes'.
POSIX.1-2001 guarantees that `Host names (not including
the terminating null byte) are limited to
.BR HOST_NAME_MAX
.B HOST_NAME_MAX
bytes'.
.SS Glibc Notes
The GNU C library implements
@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ Versions of glibc before 2.2
handle the case where the length of the
.I nodename
was greater than or equal to
.IR len
.I len
differently: nothing is copied into
.I name
and the function returns \-1 with

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@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ long sz = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
.RE
(most systems allow the synonym
.BR _SC_PAGE_SIZE
.B _SC_PAGE_SIZE
for
.BR _SC_PAGESIZE ),
or

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@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ The nice value is preserved across
.BR execve (2).
The details on the condition for
.BR EPERM
.B EPERM
depend on the system.
The above description is what POSIX.1-2001 says, and seems to be followed on
all System V-like systems.

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@ -346,7 +346,7 @@ points outside the accessible address space.
is not valid;
or, for
.BR setrlimit ():
.IR rlim->rlim_cur
.I rlim->rlim_cur
was greater than
.IR rlim->rlim_max .
.TP
@ -367,12 +367,12 @@ maximum
.RB ( NR_OPEN ).
.SH CONFORMING TO
SVr4, 4.3BSD, POSIX.1-2001.
.BR RLIMIT_MEMLOCK
.B RLIMIT_MEMLOCK
and
.BR RLIMIT_NPROC
.B RLIMIT_NPROC
derive from BSD and are not specified in POSIX.1-2001;
they are present on the BSDs and Linux, but on few other implementations.
.BR RLIMIT_RSS
.B RLIMIT_RSS
derives from BSD and is not specified in POSIX.1-2001;
it is nevertheless present on most implementations.
.BR RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE ,
@ -425,7 +425,7 @@ Kernels before 2.4.22 did not diagnose the error
for
.BR setrlimit ()
when
.IR rlim->rlim_cur
.I rlim->rlim_cur
was greater than
.IR rlim->rlim_max .
.SH "SEE ALSO"

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@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ In linux 2.4 only the fields
.IR ru_stime ,
.IR ru_minflt ,
and
.IR ru_majflt
.I ru_majflt
are maintained.
Since Linux 2.6,
.I ru_nvcsw

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@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ inotify_init \- initialize an inotify instance
.SH SYNOPSIS
.B #include <sys/inotify.h>
.sp
.BI "int inotify_init(void);"
.B "int inotify_init(void);"
.SH DESCRIPTION
.BR inotify_init ()
initializes a new inotify instance and returns a file descriptor associated

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@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ Often the
.BR open (2)
call has unwanted side effects, that can be avoided under Linux
by giving it the
.BR O_NONBLOCK
.B O_NONBLOCK
flag.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.BR execve (2),

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@ -107,9 +107,9 @@ value, which is returned as the result of the macro.
.TP
.BI IOPRIO_PRIO_CLASS( mask )
Given
.IR mask
.I mask
(an
.IR ioprio
.I ioprio
value), this macro returns its I/O class component, that is,
one of the values
.BR IOPRIO_CLASS_RT ,
@ -119,9 +119,9 @@ or
.TP
.BI IOPRIO_PRIO_DATA( mask )
Given
.IR mask
.I mask
(an
.IR ioprio
.I ioprio
value), this macro returns its priority
.RI ( data )
component.

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@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ A difference not mentioned by POSIX concerns the return
value
.BR EPERM :
BSD documents that no signal is sent and
.BR EPERM
.B EPERM
returned when the permission check failed for at least one target process,
while POSIX documents
.B EPERM

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@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ If the pathname given in
.I oldpath
is relative, then it is interpreted relative to the directory
referred to by the file descriptor
.IR olddirfd
.I olddirfd
(rather than relative to the current working directory of
the calling process, as is done by
.BR link (2)
@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ directory of the calling process (like
.BR link (2)).
If
.IR oldpath
.I oldpath
is absolute, then
.I olddirfd
is ignored.
@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ is a file descriptor referring to a file other than a directory;
or similar for
.I newpath
and
.IR newdirfd
.I newdirfd
.SH VERSIONS
.BR linkat ()
was added to Linux in kernel 2.6.16.

View File

@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ The buffer was not large enough to hold the path of the directory entry.
.SH VERSIONS
Available since Linux 2.5.43.
The
.BR ENAMETOOLONG
.B ENAMETOOLONG
error return was added in 2.5.70.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
.BR lookup_dcookie ()

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@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ The map exists, but the area maps something that isn't a file.
.TP
.B EINVAL
The value
.IR len
.I len
is negative,
.\" .I len
.\" is zero,
@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ for file access.
.BR MADV_REMOVE ,
.BR MADV_DONTFORK ,
and
.BR MADV_DOFORK
.B MADV_DOFORK
are Linux specific.
.SH NOTES
.SS "Linux Notes"

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@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ which consists of a policy mode and zero or more nodes,
for the memory range starting with
.I start
and continuing for
.IR len
.I len
bytes.
The memory of a NUMA machine is divided into multiple nodes.
The memory policy defines from which node memory is allocated.
@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ only has an effect for new allocations; if the pages inside
the range have been already touched before setting the policy,
then the policy has no effect.
This default behavior may be overridden by the
.BR MPOL_MF_MOVE
.B MPOL_MF_MOVE
and
.B MPOL_MF_MOVE_ALL
flags described below.
@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ range of memory via
If
.B MPOL_MF_STRICT
is passed in
.IR flags
.I flags
and
.I policy
is not

View File

@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ is set appropriately).
.B EACCES
The parent directory does not allow write permission to the process,
or one of the directories in
.IR pathname
.I pathname
did not allow search permission.
(See also
.BR path_resolution (7).)
@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ is not, in fact, a directory.
.TP
.B EPERM
The filesystem containing
.IR pathname
.I pathname
does not support the creation of directories.
.TP
.B EROFS

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@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ If the pathname given in
.I pathname
is relative, then it is interpreted relative to the directory
referred to by the file descriptor
.IR dirfd
.I dirfd
(rather than relative to the current working directory of
the calling process, as is done by
.BR mkdir (2)
@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ directory of the calling process (like
.BR mkdir (2)).
If
.IR pathname
.I pathname
is absolute, then
.I dirfd
is ignored.

View File

@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ It should be a combination (using bitwise OR) of one of the file types
listed below and the permissions for the new node.
The permissions are modified by the process's
.IR umask
.I umask
in the usual way: the permissions of the created node are
.IR "(mode & ~umask)" .
@ -57,9 +57,9 @@ The file type must be one of
.BR S_IFREG ,
.BR S_IFCHR ,
.BR S_IFBLK ,
.BR S_IFIFO
.B S_IFIFO
or
.BR S_IFSOCK
.B S_IFSOCK
.\" (S_IFSOCK since Linux 1.2.4)
to specify a normal file (which will be created empty), character
special file, block special file, FIFO (named pipe), or Unix domain socket,
@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ is set appropriately).
.B EACCES
The parent directory does not allow write permission to the process,
or one of the directories in the path prefix of
.IR pathname
.I pathname
did not allow search permission.
(See also
.BR path_resolution (7).)

View File

@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ If the pathname given in
.I pathname
is relative, then it is interpreted relative to the directory
referred to by the file descriptor
.IR dirfd
.I dirfd
(rather than relative to the current working directory of
the calling process, as is done by
.BR mknod (2)
@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ directory of the calling process (like
.BR mknod (2)).
If
.IR pathname
.I pathname
is absolute, then
.I dirfd
is ignored.

View File

@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ may fail if it would cause the number of locked bytes to exceed
the permitted maximum (see below).
In the same circumstances, stack growth may likewise fail:
the kernel will deny stack expansion and deliver a
.BR SIGSEGV
.B SIGSEGV
signal to the process.
.BR munlockall ()

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@ -314,7 +314,7 @@ a write to the mapped region, and before a subsequent
with the
.B MS_SYNC
or
.BR MS_ASYNC
.B MS_ASYNC
flag, if one occurs.
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
On success,
@ -370,7 +370,7 @@ We don't like
.IR start ,
.IR length ,
or
.IR offset
.I offset
(e.g., they are too large, or not aligned on a page boundary).
.TP
.B EINVAL
@ -456,7 +456,7 @@ with a suitably adjusted value for
.IR offset .
On some hardware architectures (e.g., x86),
.BR PROT_WRITE
.B PROT_WRITE
implies
.BR PROT_READ .
It is architecture dependent whether

View File

@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ or 0 (for writing).
On failure,
.BR modify_ldt ()
returns \-1 and sets
.IR errno
.I errno
to indicate the error.
.SH ERRORS
.TP

View File

@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ on the same mount point.
.\" Multiple mounts on same mount point: since 2.3.99pre7.
Values for the
.IR filesystemtype
.I filesystemtype
argument supported by the kernel are listed in
.I /proc/filesystems
(like "minix", "ext2", "msdos", "proc", "nfs", "iso9660" etc.).
@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ Further types may become available when the appropriate modules
are loaded.
The
.IR mountflags
.I mountflags
argument may have the magic number 0xC0ED (\fBMS_MGC_VAL\fP)
in the top 16 bits (this was required in kernel versions prior to 2.4, but
is no longer required and ignored if specified),
@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ can be changed:
.BR MS_SYNCHRONOUS ,
.BR MS_MANDLOCK ;
before kernel 2.6.16, the following could also be changed:
.BR MS_NOATIME
.B MS_NOATIME
and
.BR MS_NODIRATIME ;
and, additionally, before kernel 2.4, the following could also be changed:
@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ The
flag is also settable on a per-mount-point basis.
.PP
The
.IR data
.I data
argument is interpreted by the different file systems.
Typically it is a string of comma-separated options
understood by this file system.
@ -401,12 +401,12 @@ leaving only \fIumount(dir)\fP (since now devices can be mounted
in more than one place, so specifying the device does not suffice).
.LP
The original
.BR MS_SYNC
.B MS_SYNC
flag was renamed
.BR MS_SYNCHRONOUS
.B MS_SYNCHRONOUS
in 1.1.69
when a different
.BR MS_SYNC
.B MS_SYNC
was added to \fI<mman.h>\fP.
.LP
Before Linux 2.4 an attempt to execute a set-user-ID or set-group-ID program

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@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ has any effect different from
.B PROT_READ
is architecture and kernel version dependent.
On some hardware architectures (e.g., x86),
.BR PROT_WRITE
.B PROT_WRITE
implies
.BR PROT_READ .

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@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ is unmapped.
If
.B MREMAP_FIXED
is specified, then
.BR MREMAP_MAYMOVE
.B MREMAP_MAYMOVE
must also be specified.
.PP
If the memory segment specified by

View File

@ -154,12 +154,12 @@ Returns information about system-wide message queue limits and
parameters in the structure pointed to by
.IR buf .
This structure is of type
.IR msginfo
.I msginfo
(thus, a cast is required),
defined in
.I <sys/msg.h>
if the
.BR _GNU_SOURCE
.B _GNU_SOURCE
feature test macro is defined:
.nf
.in +2n
@ -227,7 +227,7 @@ On success,
.BR IPC_STAT ,
.BR IPC_SET ,
and
.BR IPC_RMID
.B IPC_RMID
return 0.
A successful
.B IPC_INFO
@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ is set to one of the following:
The argument
.I cmd
is equal to
.BR IPC_STAT
.B IPC_STAT
or
.BR MSG_STAT ,
but the calling process does not have read permission on the message queue
@ -313,7 +313,7 @@ SVr4, POSIX.1-2001.
.SH NOTES
The
.BR IPC_INFO ,
.BR MSG_STAT
.B MSG_STAT
and
.B MSG_INFO
operations are used by the
@ -332,7 +332,7 @@ under Linux 2.4.
To take advantage of this,
a recompilation under glibc-2.1.91 or later should suffice.
(The kernel distinguishes old and new calls by an
.BR IPC_64
.B IPC_64
flag in
.IR cmd .)
.SH "SEE ALSO"

View File

@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ or
isn't
.BR IPC_PRIVATE ,
no message queue with the given key
.IR key
.I key
exists, and
.B IPC_CREAT
is specified in
@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ are set to the least significant 9 bits of
.IR msg_qnum ,
.IR msg_lspid ,
.IR msg_lrpid ,
.IR msg_stime
.I msg_stime
and
.I msg_rtime
are set to 0.
@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ A message queue exists for
.IR key ,
but the calling process does not have permission to access the queue,
and does not have the
.BR CAP_IPC_OWNER
.B CAP_IPC_OWNER
capability.
.TP
.B EEXIST
@ -206,13 +206,13 @@ dependent
.IR /proc/sys/kernel/msgmni ).
.SS "Linux Notes"
Until version 2.3.20 Linux would return
.BR EIDRM
.B EIDRM
for a
.BR msgget ()
on a message queue scheduled for deletion.
.SH BUGS
The name choice
.BR IPC_PRIVATE
.B IPC_PRIVATE
was perhaps unfortunate, IPC_NEW
would more clearly show its function.
.SH "SEE ALSO"

View File

@ -168,15 +168,15 @@ argument.
If the message text has length greater than
.IR msgsz ,
then the behavior depends on whether
.BR MSG_NOERROR
.B MSG_NOERROR
is specified in
.IR msgflg .
If
.BR MSG_NOERROR
.B MSG_NOERROR
is specified, then
the message text will be truncated (and the truncated part will be
lost); if
.BR MSG_NOERROR
.B MSG_NOERROR
is not specified, then
the message isn't removed from the queue and
the system call fails returning \-1 with
@ -294,7 +294,7 @@ will be set to one among the following values:
.B EACCES
The calling process does not have write permission on the message queue,
and does not have the
.BR CAP_IPC_OWNER
.B CAP_IPC_OWNER
capability.
.TP
.B EAGAIN
@ -349,7 +349,7 @@ isn't specified in
.B EACCES
The calling process does not have read permission on the message queue,
and does not have the
.BR CAP_IPC_OWNER
.B CAP_IPC_OWNER
capability.
.TP
.B EAGAIN

View File

@ -72,13 +72,13 @@ On error, \-1 is returned, and
is set appropriately.
.SH ERRORS
.TP
.BR EBUSY
.B EBUSY
.B MS_INVALIDATE
was specified in
.IR flags ,
and a memory lock exists for the specified address range.
.TP
.BR EINVAL
.B EINVAL
.I start
is not a multiple of PAGESIZE; or any bit other than
.BR MS_ASYNC " | " MS_INVALIDATE " | " MS_SYNC

View File

@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ In this case, it returns \-1, sets \fIerrno\fP to
.BR EINTR ,
and writes the
remaining time into the structure pointed to by
.IR rem
.I rem
unless
.I rem
is NULL.
@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ In Linux 2.4, if
is stopped by a signal (e.g.,
.BR SIGTSTP ),
then the call fails with the error
.BR EINTR
.B EINTR
after the process is resumed by a
.B SIGCONT
signal.

View File

@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ is set appropriately.
.B EPERM
The calling process attempted to increase its priority by
supplying a negative
.IR inc
.I inc
but has insufficient privileges.
Under Linux the
.B CAP_SYS_NICE
@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ SVr4, 4.3BSD, POSIX.1-2001.
However, the Linux and (g)libc
(earlier than glibc 2.2.4) return value is nonstandard, see below.
SVr4 documents an additional
.BR EINVAL
.B EINVAL
error code.
.SH NOTES
SUSv2 and POSIX.1-2001 specify that

View File

@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ open, creat \- open and possibly create a file or device
.fi
.SH DESCRIPTION
Given a
.IR pathname
.I pathname
for a file,
.BR open ()
returns a file descriptor, a small, non-negative integer
@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ Specifying this flag permits a program to avoid an additional
.BR fcntl (2)
.B F_SETFD
operation to set the
.BR FD_CLOEXEC
.B FD_CLOEXEC
flag.
Additionally,
use of this flag is essential in some multithreaded programs
@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ since using a separate
.BR fcntl (2)
.B F_SETFD
operation to set the
.BR FD_CLOEXEC
.B FD_CLOEXEC
flag does not suffice to avoid race conditions
where one thread opens a file descriptor at the same
time as another thread does a
@ -300,7 +300,7 @@ returned will cause the calling process to wait.
For the handling of FIFOs (named pipes), see also
.BR fifo (7).
For a discussion of the effect of
.BR O_NONBLOCK
.B O_NONBLOCK
in conjunction with mandatory file locks and with file leases, see
.BR fcntl (2).
.TP
@ -335,7 +335,7 @@ The argument
specifies the permissions to use in case a new file is created.
It is
modified by the process's
.IR umask
.I umask
in the usual way: the permissions of the created file are
.IR "(mode & ~umask)" .
Note that this mode only applies to future accesses of the
@ -423,7 +423,7 @@ already exists and
were used.
.TP
.B EFAULT
.IR pathname
.I pathname
points outside your accessible address space.
.TP
.B EFBIG
@ -459,7 +459,7 @@ was a symbolic link.
The process already has the maximum number of files open.
.TP
.B ENAMETOOLONG
.IR pathname
.I pathname
was too long.
.TP
.B ENFILE
@ -532,12 +532,12 @@ The
.BR O_DIRECTORY ,
.BR O_NOATIME ,
and
.BR O_NOFOLLOW
.B O_NOFOLLOW
flags are Linux specific.
One may have to define the
.B _GNU_SOURCE
macro to get their definitions.
.BR O_DIRECT
.B O_DIRECT
is not specified in POSIX; one has to define
.B _GNU_SOURCE
to get its definition.

View File

@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ If the pathname given in
.I pathname
is relative, then it is interpreted relative to the directory
referred to by the file descriptor
.IR dirfd
.I dirfd
(rather than relative to the current working directory of
the calling process, as is done by
.BR open (2)
@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ directory of the calling process (like
.BR open (2)).
If
.IR pathname
.I pathname
is absolute, then
.I dirfd
is ignored.

View File

@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ in \fIarg2\fP, which should be one of the following:
.BR PR_ENDIAN_BIG ,
.BR PR_ENDIAN_LITTLE ,
or
.BR PR_ENDIAN_PPC_LITTLE
.B PR_ENDIAN_PPC_LITTLE
(PowerPC pseudo little endian).
.TP
.B PR_SET_UNALIGN

View File

@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ be stopped.
.TP
.BR PTRACE_PEEKTEXT ", " PTRACE_PEEKDATA
Reads a word at the location
.IR addr
.I addr
in the child's memory, returning the word as the result of the
.BR ptrace ()
call.
@ -140,15 +140,15 @@ architecture. (\fIdata\fP is ignored.)
.TP
.BR PTRACE_POKETEXT ", " PTRACE_POKEDATA
Copies the word
.IR data
.I data
to location
.IR addr
.I addr
in the child's memory.
As above, the two requests are currently equivalent.
.TP
.B PTRACE_POKEUSR
Copies the word
.IR data
.I data
to offset
.I addr
in the child's USER area.
@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ calls in all cases.
If the child calls
.BR clone (2)
with the
.BR CLONE_VFORK
.B CLONE_VFORK
flag,
.B PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK
will be delivered instead
@ -281,11 +281,11 @@ Retrieve a message (as an
about the ptrace event
that just happened, placing it in the location \fIdata\fP in the parent.
For
.BR PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT
.B PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT
this is the child's exit status.
For
.BR PTRACE_EVENT_FORK ,
.BR PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK
.B PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK
and
.B PTRACE_EVENT_CLONE
this
@ -380,14 +380,14 @@ tracing.
(\fIaddr\fP is ignored.)
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
On success,
.BR PTRACE_PEEK*
.B PTRACE_PEEK*
requests return the requested data,
while other requests return zero.
On error, all requests return \-1, and
.I errno
is set appropriately.
Since the value returned by a successful
.BR PTRACE_PEEK*
.B PTRACE_PEEK*
request may be \-1, the caller must check
.I errno
after such requests to determine whether or not an error occurred.
@ -465,7 +465,7 @@ when it stops, and there is no way for the new parent to
effectively simulate this notification.
.LP
When the parent receives an event with
.BR PTRACE_EVENT_*
.B PTRACE_EVENT_*
set,
the child is not in the normal signal delivery path.
This means the parent cannot do
@ -474,7 +474,7 @@ with a signal or
.BR ptrace (PTRACE_KILL).
.BR kill (2)
with a
.BR SIGKILL
.B SIGKILL
signal can be used instead to kill the child process
after receiving one of these messages.
.LP
@ -495,13 +495,13 @@ present in Solaris 2 implements a superset of
functionality in a more powerful and uniform way.
.SH BUGS
On hosts with 2.6 kernel headers,
.BR PTRACE_SETOPTIONS
.B PTRACE_SETOPTIONS
is declared
with a different value than the one for 2.4.
This leads to applications compiled with such
headers failing when run on 2.4 kernels.
This can be worked around by redefining
.BR PTRACE_SETOPTIONS
.B PTRACE_SETOPTIONS
to
.BR PTRACE_OLDSETOPTIONS ,
if that is defined.

View File

@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ If the pathname given in
.I pathname
is relative, then it is interpreted relative to the directory
referred to by the file descriptor
.IR dirfd
.I dirfd
(rather than relative to the current working directory of
the calling process, as is done by
.BR readlink (2)
@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ directory of the calling process (like
.BR readlink (2)).
If
.IR pathname
.I pathname
is absolute, then
.I dirfd
is ignored.

View File

@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ function reads
buffers from the file associated with the file descriptor
.I fd
into the buffers described by
.IR iov
.I iov
("scatter input").
.PP
The
@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ function writes
buffers of data described by
.I iov
to the file associated with the file descriptor
.IR fd
.I fd
("gather output").
.PP
The pointer
@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ the number of items that can be passed in
An implementation can advertise its limit by defining
.B IOV_MAX
in
.IR <limits.h>
.I <limits.h>
or at run time via the return value from
.IR sysconf(_SC_IOV_MAX) .
On Linux, the limit advertised by these mechanisms is 1024,

View File

@ -59,20 +59,20 @@ This system call will fail (with
unless
.I magic
equals
.BR LINUX_REBOOT_MAGIC1
.B LINUX_REBOOT_MAGIC1
(that is, 0xfee1dead) and
.I magic2
equals
.BR LINUX_REBOOT_MAGIC2
.B LINUX_REBOOT_MAGIC2
(that is, 672274793).
However, since 2.1.17 also
.BR LINUX_REBOOT_MAGIC2A
.B LINUX_REBOOT_MAGIC2A
(that is, 85072278)
and since 2.1.97 also
.BR LINUX_REBOOT_MAGIC2B
.B LINUX_REBOOT_MAGIC2B
(that is, 369367448)
and since 2.5.71 also
.BR LINUX_REBOOT_MAGIC2C
.B LINUX_REBOOT_MAGIC2C
(that is, 537993216)
are permitted as value for
.IR magic2 .

View File

@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ one or more of the following values:
.BR MSG_CMSG_CLOEXEC " (" recvmsg "() only; since Linux 2.6.23)"
Set the close-on-exec flag for the file descriptor received
via a Unix domain file descriptor using the
.BR SCM_RIGHTS
.B SCM_RIGHTS
operation (described in
.BR unix (7)).
This flag is useful for the same reasons as the

View File

@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ it was open for reading) or is in use by the system
(for example as mount point), while the system considers
this an error.
(Note that there is no requirement to return
.BR EBUSY
.B EBUSY
in such
cases \(em there is nothing wrong with doing the rename anyway \(em
but it is allowed to return
@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ is a directory, and
exists but is not a directory.
.TP
.BR ENOTEMPTY " or " EEXIST
.IR newpath
.I newpath
is a non-empty directory, that is, contains entries other than "." and "..".
.TP
.BR EPERM " or " EACCES
@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ and the process is not privileged
.B CAP_FOWNER
capability);
or the filesystem containing
.IR pathname
.I pathname
does not support renaming of the type requested.
.TP
.B EROFS

View File

@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ If the pathname given in
.I oldpath
is relative, then it is interpreted relative to the directory
referred to by the file descriptor
.IR olddirfd
.I olddirfd
(rather than relative to the current working directory of
the calling process, as is done by
.BR rename (2)
@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ directory of the calling process (like
.BR rename (2)).
If
.IR oldpath
.I oldpath
is absolute, then
.I olddirfd
is ignored.
@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ is a file descriptor referring to a file other than a directory;
or similar for
.I newpath
and
.IR newdirfd
.I newdirfd
.SH VERSIONS
.BR renameat ()
was added to Linux in kernel 2.6.16.

View File

@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ is set appropriately.
Write access to the directory containing
.I pathname
was not allowed, or one of the directories in the path prefix of
.IR pathname
.I pathname
did not allow search permission.
(See also
.BR path_resolution (7).
@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ contains entries other than
or,
.I pathname
has
.IR ..
.I ..
as its final component.
.TP
.B EPERM
@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ capability).
.TP
.B EPERM
The filesystem containing
.IR pathname
.I pathname
does not support the removal of directories.
.TP
.B EROFS

View File

@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ number that can be stored in a CPU set.
.BR sched_setaffinity ()
sets the CPU affinity mask of the process whose ID is
.IR pid
.I pid
to the value specified by
.IR mask .
If
@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ then that process is migrated to one of the CPUs specified in
.BR sched_getaffinity ()
writes the affinity mask of the process whose ID is
.IR pid
.I pid
into the
.I cpu_set_t
structure pointed to by
@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ needs an effective user ID equal to the user ID or effective user ID
of the process identified by
.IR pid ,
or it must possess the
.BR CAP_SYS_NICE
.B CAP_SYS_NICE
capability.
.TP
.B ESRCH

View File

@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ resource limit defines a ceiling on an unprivileged process's
priority for the
.B SCHED_RR
and
.BR SCHED_FIFO
.B SCHED_FIFO
policies.
If an unprivileged process has a non-zero
.B RLIMIT_RTPRIO
@ -369,13 +369,13 @@ kernel, the kernel configuration offers only the three preemption classes
.BR CONFIG_PREEMPT_NONE ,
.BR CONFIG_PREEMPT_VOLUNTARY ,
and
.BR CONFIG_PREEMPT_DESKTOP
.B CONFIG_PREEMPT_DESKTOP
which respectively provide no, some, and considerable
reduction of the worst-case scheduling latency.
With the patches applied or after their full inclusion into the mainline
kernel, the additional configuration item
.BR CONFIG_PREEMPT_RT
.B CONFIG_PREEMPT_RT
becomes available.
If this is selected, Linux is transformed into a regular
real-time operating system.

View File

@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ This structure is of type
defined in
.I <sys/sem.h>
if the
.BR _GNU_SOURCE
.B _GNU_SOURCE
feature test macro is defined:
.nf
.in +2n
@ -322,7 +322,7 @@ the semaphore set.
Set the value of
.B semval
to
.IB arg.val
.I arg.val
for the
.IR semnum \-th
semaphore of the set, updating also the
@ -408,9 +408,9 @@ capability.
.TP
.B EFAULT
The address pointed to by
.IB arg.buf
.I arg.buf
or
.IB arg.array
.I arg.array
isn't accessible.
.TP
.B EIDRM
@ -463,7 +463,7 @@ SVr4, POSIX.1-2001.
.SH NOTES
The
.BR IPC_INFO ,
.BR SEM_STAT
.B SEM_STAT
and
.B SEM_INFO
operations are used by the
@ -481,7 +481,7 @@ under Linux 2.4.
To take advantage of this,
a recompilation under glibc-2.1.91 or later should suffice.
(The kernel distinguishes old and new calls by an
.BR IPC_64
.B IPC_64
flag in
.IR cmd .)
.PP

View File

@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ A semaphore set exists for
.IR key ,
but the calling process does not have permission to access the set,
and does not have the
.BR CAP_IPC_OWNER
.B CAP_IPC_OWNER
capability.
.TP
.B EEXIST
@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ and
.\" The semaphore set is marked to be deleted.
.TP
.B EINVAL
.IR nsems
.I nsems
is less than 0 or greater than the limit on the number
of semaphores per semaphore set
.RB ( SEMMSL ),

View File

@ -341,7 +341,7 @@ capability.
.TP
.B EAGAIN
An operation could not proceed immediately and either
.BR IPC_NOWAIT
.B IPC_NOWAIT
was specified in
.I sem_flg
or the time limit specified in

View File

@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ to the values specified by the
.IR mode ,
.I nodemask
and
.IR maxnode
.I maxnode
arguments.
A NUMA machine has different

View File

@ -255,7 +255,7 @@ from the terminal;
if a background process group tries to
.BR read (2)
from the terminal, then the group is send a
.BR SIGTSTP
.B SIGTSTP
signal, which suspends it.
The
.BR tcgetpgrp (3)

View File

@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ is set appropriately.
.I uid
does not match the current UID and this call would
bring that user ID over its
.BR RLIMIT_NPROC
.B RLIMIT_NPROC
resource limit.
.TP
.B EPERM

View File

@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ The
does not match the current uid and
.I uid
brings process over its
.BR RLIMIT_NPROC
.B RLIMIT_NPROC
resource limit.
.TP
.B EPERM

View File

@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ If there is insufficient space remaining to store the extended attribute,
is set to either
.BR ENOSPC ,
or
.BR EDQUOT
.B EDQUOT
if quota enforcement was the cause.
.PP
If extended attributes are not supported by the filesystem, or are disabled,

View File

@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
.SH NAME
sgetmask, ssetmask \- manipulation of signal mask (obsolete)
.SH SYNOPSIS
.BI "long sgetmask(void);"
.B "long sgetmask(void);"
.sp
.BI "long ssetmask(long " newmask );
.SH DESCRIPTION

View File

@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ Returns information about system-wide shared memory limits and
parameters in the structure pointed to by
.IR buf .
This structure is of type
.IR shminfo
.I shminfo
(thus, a cast is required),
defined in
.I <sys/shm.h>
@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ Prevent swapping of the shared memory segment.
The caller must fault in
any pages that are required to be present after locking is enabled.
If a segment has been locked, then the (non-standard)
.BR SHM_LOCKED
.B SHM_LOCKED
flag of the
.I shm_perm.mode
field in the associated data structure retrieved by
@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ if its effective UID matches the owner or creator UID of the segment, and
(for
.BR SHM_LOCK )
the amount of memory to be locked falls within the
.BR RLIMIT_MEMLOCK
.B RLIMIT_MEMLOCK
resource limit (see
.BR setrlimit (2)).
.\" There was some weirdness in 2.6.9: SHM_LOCK and SHM_UNLOCK could
@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ is set appropriately.
\fIshm_perm.mode\fP does not allow read access for
.IR shmid ,
and the calling process does not have the
.BR CAP_IPC_OWNER
.B CAP_IPC_OWNER
capability.
.TP
.B EFAULT
@ -326,7 +326,7 @@ was specified and the size of the to-be-locked segment would mean
that the total bytes in locked shared memory segments would exceed
the limit for the real user ID of the calling process.
This limit is defined by the
.BR RLIMIT_MEMLOCK
.B RLIMIT_MEMLOCK
soft resource limit (see
.BR setrlimit (2)).
.TP
@ -356,7 +356,7 @@ was specified, but the process was not privileged
.B CAP_IPC_LOCK
capability).
(Since Linux 2.6.9, this error can also occur if the
.BR RLIMIT_MEMLOCK
.B RLIMIT_MEMLOCK
is 0 and the caller is not privileged.)
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
SVr4, POSIX.1-2001.
@ -366,7 +366,7 @@ SVr4, POSIX.1-2001.
.SH NOTES
The
.BR IPC_INFO ,
.BR SHM_STAT
.B SHM_STAT
and
.B SHM_INFO
operations are used by the

View File

@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ or
isn't
.BR IPC_PRIVATE ,
no shared memory segment corresponding to
.IR key
.I key
exists, and
.B IPC_CREAT
is specified in
@ -276,7 +276,7 @@ number of shared memory segments
.RB ( SHMSEG ).
.SS Linux Notes
Until version 2.3.30 Linux would return
.BR EIDRM
.B EIDRM
for a
.BR shmget ()
on a shared memory segment scheduled for deletion.

View File

@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ has been called.
.B SA_ONESHOT
is an obsolete, non-standard synonym for this flag.
.TP
.BR SA_ONSTACK
.B SA_ONSTACK
Call the signal handler on an alternate signal stack provided by
.BR sigaltstack (2).
If an alternate stack is not available, the default stack will be used.
@ -491,7 +491,7 @@ ignores a
.BR SIGFPE ,
.BR SIGILL ,
or
.BR SIGSEGV
.B SIGSEGV
signal that was not generated by
.BR kill (2)
or

View File

@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ See \fIPortability\fP below.
.BR signal ()
sets the disposition of the signal
.IR signum
.I signum
to
.IR handler ,
which is either

View File

@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ returns 0 on success and \-1 on error.
.SH ERRORS
.TP
.B EFAULT
.IR set
.I set
points to memory which is not a valid part of the process address space.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
POSIX.1-2001.

View File

@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ is NULL, then the signal mask is unchanged (i.e.,
.I how
is ignored),
but the current value of the signal mask is nevertheless returned in
.IR oldset
.I oldset
(it is not NULL).
The use of
@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ If
.BR SIGFPE ,
.BR SIGILL ,
or
.BR SIGSEGV
.B SIGSEGV
are generated
while they are blocked, the result is undefined,
unless the signal was generated by the

View File

@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ signals by calling
with the signal mask that was returned by
.BR sigprocmask (2)
(in the
.IR oldset
.I oldset
argument).
.PP
See

View File

@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ non-BSD systems supporting clones of the BSD socket layer (including
System V variants).
.SH NOTES
On Linux, the only supported domain for this call is
.BR AF_UNIX
.B AF_UNIX
(or synonymously,
.BR AF_LOCAL ).
(Most implementations have the same restriction.)

View File

@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ must point to a buffer which specifies the starting
offset from which bytes will be read from
.IR fd_in ;
in this case, the current file offset of
.IR fd_in
.I fd_in
is not changed.
Analogous statements apply for
.I out_fd
@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ This makes the splice pipe operations non-blocking, but
.BR splice ()
may nevertheless block because the file descriptors that
are spliced to/from may block (unless they have the
.BR O_NONBLOCK
.B O_NONBLOCK
flag set).
.TP
.B SPLICE_F_MORE

View File

@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ field indicates the number of blocks allocated to the file, 512-byte units.
when the file has holes.)
The
.IR st_blksize
.I st_blksize
field gives the "preferred" blocksize for efficient file system I/O.
(Writing to a file in smaller chunks may cause
an inefficient read-modify-rewrite.)
@ -336,7 +336,7 @@ POSIX does not describe the
.BR S_IFDIR ,
.BR S_IFCHR ,
.BR S_IFIFO ,
.BR S_ISVTX
.B S_ISVTX
bits, but instead demands the use of
the macros
.BR S_ISDIR (),
@ -437,7 +437,7 @@ structure have led to three successive versions of
(slot
.IR __NR_stat ),
and
.IR sys_stat64()
.I sys_stat64()
(new in kernel 2.4; slot
.IR __NR_stat64 ).
The glibc

View File

@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ respectively use the
.IR f_frsize ,
.IR f_frsize ,
and
.IR f_bsize
.I f_bsize
fields of the return value of
.IR "statvfs(path,buf)" .
.SH "SEE ALSO"

View File

@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ is set appropriately.
Write access to the directory containing
.I newpath
is denied, or one of the directories in the path prefix of
.IR newpath
.I newpath
did not allow search permission.
(See also
.BR path_resolution (7).)
@ -127,12 +127,12 @@ entry.
.TP
.B ENOTDIR
A component used as a directory in
.IR newpath
.I newpath
is not, in fact, a directory.
.TP
.B EPERM
The filesystem containing
.IR newpath
.I newpath
does not support the creation of symbolic links.
.TP
.B EROFS

View File

@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ If the pathname given in
.I newpath
is relative, then it is interpreted relative to the directory
referred to by the file descriptor
.IR newdirfd
.I newdirfd
(rather than relative to the current working directory of
the calling process, as is done by
.BR symlink (2)
@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ directory of the calling process (like
.BR symlink (2)).
If
.IR newpath
.I newpath
is absolute, then
.I newdirfd
is ignored.

View File

@ -623,7 +623,7 @@ By now there are three different versions of
(slot
.IR __NR_stat ),
and
.IR sys_stat64()
.I sys_stat64()
(slot
.IR __NR_stat64 ),
with the last being the most current.
@ -639,7 +639,7 @@ Similarly, the defines
.IR __NR_oldolduname ,
.IR __NR_olduname ,
and
.IR __NR_uname
.I __NR_uname
refer to the routines
.IR sys_olduname (),
.IR sys_uname ()
@ -717,7 +717,7 @@ Thus, while other architectures have
and
.IR sys_mmap ()
corresponding to
.IR __NR_select
.I __NR_select
and
.IR __NR_mmap ,
on i386 one finds
@ -728,7 +728,7 @@ and
parameter block) instead.
These days passing five parameters
is not a problem any more, and there is a
.IR __NR__newselect
.I __NR__newselect
.\" (used by libc 6)
that corresponds directly to
.IR sys_select ()

View File

@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ times \- get process times
stores the current process times in the
.I "struct tms"
that
.IR buf
.I buf
points to.
The
.I struct tms

View File

@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ Write access to the directory containing
.I pathname
is not allowed for the process's effective UID, or one of the
directories in
.IR pathname
.I pathname
did not allow search permission.
(See also
.BR path_resolution (7).)

View File

@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ If the pathname given in
.I pathname
is relative, then it is interpreted relative to the directory
referred to by the file descriptor
.IR dirfd
.I dirfd
(rather than relative to the current working directory of
the calling process, as is done by
.BR unlink (2)
@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ and
.BR rmdir (2)).
If the pathname given in
.IR pathname
.I pathname
is absolute, then
.I dirfd
is ignored.

View File

@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ Only use this enclosed in #ifdef WCOREDUMP ... #endif.
.BI WIFSTOPPED( status )
returns true if the child process was stopped by delivery of a signal;
this is only possible if the call was done using
.BR WUNTRACED
.B WUNTRACED
or when the child is being traced (see
.BR ptrace (2)).
.TP
@ -371,12 +371,12 @@ Each of these calls sets
to an appropriate value in the case of an error.
.SH ERRORS
.TP
.BR ECHILD
.B ECHILD
(for
.BR wait ())
The calling process does not have any unwaited-for children.
.TP
.BR ECHILD
.B ECHILD
(for
.BR waitpid ()
or
@ -429,7 +429,7 @@ is set to
or the
.B SA_NOCLDWAIT
flag is set for
.BR SIGCHLD
.B SIGCHLD
(see
.BR sigaction (2)),
then children that terminate do not become zombies and a call to

View File

@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ write \- write to a file descriptor
writes up to
.I count
bytes from the buffer pointed
.IR buf
.I buf
to the file referred to by the file descriptor
.IR fd .

View File

@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ See IEC 60559:1989.
The macros
.BR HUGE_VAL ,
.BR HUGE_VALF ,
.BR HUGE_VALL
.B HUGE_VALL
expand to constants of types \fIdouble\fP, \fIfloat\fP
and \fIlong double\fP, respectively,
that represent a large positive value, possibly plus infinity.

View File

@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ and the floating point environment, like
.IR fegetenv ,
.IR feholdexcept ,
.IR fesetenv ,
.IR feupdateenv
.I feupdateenv
and FPU exception handling, like
.IR feclearexcept ,
.IR fegetexceptflag ,
@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ and _FPU_SETCW macros from
.I /usr/include/fpu_control.h
can be used.
.SH EXAMPLE
.BR __setfpucw(0x1372)
.B __setfpucw(0x1372)
Set FPU control word on the i386 architecture to
.br
@ -53,4 +53,4 @@ Set FPU control word on the i386 architecture to
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.BR feclearexcept (3)
.br
.IR /usr/include/i386/fpu_control.h
.I /usr/include/i386/fpu_control.h

View File

@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ is not a valid file descriptor open for reading.
One or more of
.IR aio_offset ,
.IR aio_reqprio ,
.IR aio_nbytes
.I aio_nbytes
are invalid.
.TP
.B ENOSYS

View File

@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ the value that would have been returned in case of a synchronous
.IR read ,
.IR write ,
or
.IR fsync
.I fsync
request.
Otherwise the return value is undefined.
On error, the error value is returned.

View File

@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ but the starting position is at or beyond the maximum offset for this file.
One or more of
.IR aio_offset ,
.IR aio_reqprio ,
.IR aio_nbytes
.I aio_nbytes
are invalid.
.TP
.B ENOSYS

View File

@ -13,52 +13,52 @@ argz_next, argz_replace, argz_stringify \- functions to handle an argz list
.sp
.B "#include <argz.h>"
.sp
.BI "error_t"
.B "error_t"
.BI "argz_add(char **" argz ", size_t *" argz_len ", const char *" str );
.sp
.BI "error_t"
.B "error_t"
.BI "argz_add_sep(char **" argz ", size_t *" argz_len ,
.ti 20n
.BI "const char *" str ", int " delim );
.sp
.BI "error_t"
.B "error_t"
.BI "argz_append(char **" argz ", size_t *" argz_len ,
.ti 20n
.BI "const char *" buf ", size_t " buf_len );
.sp
.BI "size_t"
.B "size_t"
.BI "argz_count(const char *" argz ", size_t " argz_len );
.sp
.BI "error_t"
.B "error_t"
.BI "argz_create(char * const " argv "[], char **" argz ,
.ti 20n
.BI "size_t *" argz_len );
.sp
.BI "error_t"
.B "error_t"
.BI "argz_create_sep(const char *" str ", int " sep ", char **" argz ,
.ti 20n
.BI "size_t *" argz_len );
.sp
.BI "error_t"
.B "error_t"
.BI "argz_delete(char **" argz ", size_t *" argz_len ", char *" entry );
.sp
.BI "void"
.B "void"
.BI "argz_extract(char *" argz ", size_t " argz_len ", char **" argv );
.sp
.BI "error_t"
.B "error_t"
.BI "argz_insert(char **" argz ", size_t *" argz_len ", char *" before ,
.ti 20n
.BI "const char *" entry );
.sp
.BI "char *"
.B "char *"
.BI "argz_next(char *" argz ", size_t " argz_len ", const char *" entry );
.sp
.BI "error_t"
.B "error_t"
.BI "argz_replace(char **" argz ", size_t *" argz_len ", const char *" str ,
.ti 20n
.BI "const char *" with ", unsigned int *" replace_count );
.sp
.BI "void"
.B "void"
.BI "argz_stringify(char *" argz ", size_t " len ", int " sep );
.SH DESCRIPTION
These functions are glibc-specific.

View File

@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ by
.BR backtrace_symbols (),
and must be freed by the caller.
(The strings pointed to by
.IR strings
.I strings
need not and should not be freed.)
.BR backtrace_symbols_fd ()

View File

@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ clearenv \- clear the environment
.nf
.B #include <stdlib.h>
.sp
.BI "int clearenv(void);"
.B "int clearenv(void);"
.fi
.sp
.in -4n

View File

@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ is set to
.BR EINVAL .
.SH ERRORS
.TP
.BR EINVAL
.B EINVAL
If the value of
.I name
is invalid.

View File

@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ dynamic linking loader
.sp
.BI "void *dlopen(const char *" filename ", int " flag );
.sp
.BI "char *dlerror(void);"
.B "char *dlerror(void);"
.sp
.BI "void *dlsym(void *" handle ", const char *" symbol );
.sp
@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ contains a DT_RPATH tag, and does not contain a DT_RUNPATH tag,
then the directories listed in the DT_RPATH tag are searched.
.IP o
If the environment variable
.BR LD_LIBRARY_PATH
.B LD_LIBRARY_PATH
is defined to contain a colon-separated list of directories,
then these are searched.
(As a security measure this variable is ignored for set-user-ID and
@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ contains a DT_RUNPATH tag, then the directories listed in that tag
are searched.
.IP o
The cache file
.IR /etc/ld.so.cache
.I /etc/ld.so.cache
(maintained by
.BR ldconfig (8))
is checked to see whether it contains an entry for
@ -313,9 +313,9 @@ since the constructor/destructor routines will not be executed
.\" void _fini(void) __attribute__((destructor));
.LP
Instead, libraries should export routines using the
.BR __attribute__((constructor))
.B __attribute__((constructor))
and
.BR __attribute__((destructor))
.B __attribute__((destructor))
function attributes.
See the gcc info pages for information on these.
Constructor routines are executed before

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