2008-07-08 14:32:54 +00:00
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.\" Copyright (c) 1993 by Thomas Koenig (ig25@rz.uni-karlsruhe.de)
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.\"
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.\" Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
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.\" manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
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.\" preserved on all copies.
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.\"
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.\" Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
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.\" manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the
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.\" entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a
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.\" permission notice identical to this one.
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.\"
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.\" Since the Linux kernel and libraries are constantly changing, this
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.\" manual page may be incorrect or out-of-date. The author(s) assume no
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.\" responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from
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.\" the use of the information contained herein. The author(s) may not
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.\" have taken the same level of care in the production of this manual,
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.\" which is licensed free of charge, as they might when working
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.\" professionally.
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2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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.\"
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.\" Formatted or processed versions of this manual, if unaccompanied by
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.\" the source, must acknowledge the copyright and authors of this work.
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.\" License.
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.\" Modified Wed Jul 28 11:12:17 1993 by Rik Faith (faith@cs.unc.edu)
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.\" Modified Mon May 13 23:08:50 1996 by Martin Schulze (joey@linux.de)
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.\" Modified 11 May 1998 by Joseph S. Myers (jsm28@cam.ac.uk)
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.\" Modified 990912 by aeb
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2007-10-09 18:20:23 +00:00
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.\" 2007-10-10 mtk
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.\" Added description of GLOB_TILDE_NOMATCH
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.\" Expanded the description of various flags
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.\" Various wording fixes.
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.\"
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2007-10-09 18:20:23 +00:00
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.TH GLOB 3 2007-10-10 "GNU" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.SH NAME
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glob, globfree \- find pathnames matching a pattern, free memory from glob()
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.SH SYNOPSIS
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.nf
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.B #include <glob.h>
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.sp
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.BI "int glob(const char *" pattern ", int " flags ,
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2006-07-20 16:16:51 +00:00
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.br
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2006-12-27 04:16:33 +00:00
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.BI " int (*" errfunc ") (const char *" epath ", int " eerrno ),
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2006-07-20 16:16:51 +00:00
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.br
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.BI " glob_t *" pglob );
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2006-07-20 16:16:51 +00:00
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.br
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.BI "void globfree(glob_t *" pglob );
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.fi
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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The
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2005-10-19 07:07:02 +00:00
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.BR glob ()
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function searches for all the pathnames matching
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.I pattern
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according to the rules used by the shell (see
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.BR glob (7)).
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No tilde expansion or parameter substitution is done; if you want
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these, use
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.BR wordexp (3).
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.PP
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The
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2005-10-19 07:07:02 +00:00
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.BR globfree ()
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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function frees the dynamically allocated storage from an earlier call
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to
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2005-10-19 07:07:02 +00:00
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.BR glob ().
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.PP
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The results of a
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2005-10-19 07:07:02 +00:00
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.BR glob ()
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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call are stored in the structure pointed to by
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2007-10-09 18:20:23 +00:00
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.IR pglob .
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This structure is of type
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2007-06-23 07:56:56 +00:00
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.I glob_t
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2007-10-09 18:20:23 +00:00
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(declared in
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.IR <glob.h> )
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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and includes the following elements defined by POSIX.2 (more may be
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present as an extension):
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.PP
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.br
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2007-12-19 06:57:44 +00:00
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.in +4n
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.nf
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2007-04-03 15:32:52 +00:00
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typedef struct {
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size_t gl_pathc; /* Count of paths matched so far */
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char **gl_pathv; /* List of matched pathnames. */
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2007-12-18 07:36:46 +00:00
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size_t gl_offs; /* Slots to reserve in \fIgl_pathv\fP. */
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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} glob_t;
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.fi
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2007-12-19 06:57:44 +00:00
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.in
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.PP
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Results are stored in dynamically allocated storage.
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.PP
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2008-07-10 20:53:08 +00:00
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The argument
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.I flags
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2007-10-09 18:20:23 +00:00
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is made up of the bitwise OR of zero or more the following symbolic
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constants, which modify the behavior of
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2005-10-19 07:07:02 +00:00
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.BR glob ():
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.TP
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.B GLOB_ERR
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2007-10-09 18:20:23 +00:00
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Return upon a read error (because a directory does not
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have read permission, for example).
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By default,
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.BR glob ()
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2007-11-15 03:28:33 +00:00
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attempts carry on despite errors,
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2007-10-09 18:20:23 +00:00
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reading all of the directories that it can.
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.TP
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.B GLOB_MARK
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2007-10-09 18:20:23 +00:00
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Append a slash to each path which corresponds to a directory.
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.TP
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.B GLOB_NOSORT
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2007-10-09 18:20:23 +00:00
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Don't sort the returned pathnames.
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The only reason to do this is to save processing time.
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By default, the returned pathnames are sorted.
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.TP
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.B GLOB_DOOFFS
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2007-10-09 18:20:23 +00:00
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Reserve
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2007-12-22 16:40:46 +00:00
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.I pglob\->gl_offs
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2007-10-09 18:20:23 +00:00
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slots at the beginning of the list of strings in
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2007-12-22 16:40:46 +00:00
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.IR pglob\->pathv .
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2007-10-09 18:20:23 +00:00
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The reserved slots contain NULL pointers.
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.TP
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.B GLOB_NOCHECK
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2007-10-09 18:20:23 +00:00
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If no pattern matches, return the original pattern.
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By default,
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.BR glob ()
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returns
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.B GLOB_NOMATCH
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if there are no matches.
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.TP
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.B GLOB_APPEND
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2007-10-09 18:20:23 +00:00
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Append the results of this call to the vector of results
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returned by a previous call to
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.BR glob ().
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2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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Do not set this flag on the first invocation of
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2005-10-19 07:07:02 +00:00
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.BR glob ().
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.TP
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.B GLOB_NOESCAPE
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2008-06-09 15:49:35 +00:00
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Don't allow backslash (\(aq\\\(aq) to be used as an escape
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2007-10-09 18:20:23 +00:00
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character.
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Normally, a backslash can be used to quote the following character,
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providing a mechanism to turn off the special meaning
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metacharacters.
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.PP
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2007-10-09 18:20:23 +00:00
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.I flags
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may also include any of the following, which are GNU
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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extensions and not defined by POSIX.2:
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.TP
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.B GLOB_PERIOD
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2007-10-09 18:20:23 +00:00
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Allow a leading period to be matched by metacharacters.
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By default, metacharacters can't match a leading period.
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.TP
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.B GLOB_ALTDIRFUNC
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2007-10-09 18:20:23 +00:00
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Use alternative functions
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2007-12-22 16:40:46 +00:00
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.IR pglob\->gl_closedir ,
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.IR pglob\->gl_readdir ,
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.IR pglob\->gl_opendir ,
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.IR pglob\->gl_lstat ", and"
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.I pglob\->gl_stat
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2007-10-09 18:20:23 +00:00
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for file system access instead of the normal library
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functions.
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.TP
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.B GLOB_BRACE
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2007-10-09 18:20:23 +00:00
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Expand
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.BR csh (1)
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2007-10-09 18:20:23 +00:00
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style brace expressions of the form \fB{a,b}\fR.
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Brace expressions can be nested.
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Thus, for example, specifying the pattern
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"{foo/{,cat,dog},bar}" would return the same results as four separate
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.BR glob ()
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calls using the strings:
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"foo/",
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"foo/cat",
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"foo/dog",
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and
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"bar".
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.TP
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.B GLOB_NOMAGIC
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2007-10-09 18:20:23 +00:00
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If the pattern contains no metacharacters
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then it should be returned as the sole matching word,
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even if there is no file with that name.
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.TP
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.B GLOB_TILDE
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2007-10-09 18:20:23 +00:00
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Carry out tilde expansion.
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2008-06-09 15:49:35 +00:00
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If a tilde (\(aq~\(aq) is the only character in the pattern,
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or an initial tilde is followed immediately by a slash (\(aq/\(aq),
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2007-10-09 18:20:23 +00:00
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then the home directory of the caller is substituted for
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the tilde.
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If an initial tilde is followed by a username (e.g., "~andrea/bin"),
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then the tilde and username are substituted by the home directory
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of that user.
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If the username is invalid, or the home directory cannot be
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determined, then no substitution is performed.
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.TP
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.B GLOB_TILDE_CHECK
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This provides behavior similar to that of
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.BR GLOB_TILDE .
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The difference is that if the username is invalid, or the
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home directory cannot be determined, then
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instead of using the pattern itself as the name,
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.BR glob ()
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returns
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.BR GLOB_NOMATCH
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to indicate an error.
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.TP
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.B GLOB_ONLYDIR
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2007-11-15 03:28:33 +00:00
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This is a
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2007-10-09 18:20:23 +00:00
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.I hint
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to
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.BR glob ()
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that the caller is interested only in directories that match the pattern.
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If the implementation can easily determine file-type information,
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accept.2, access.2, acct.2, clock_nanosleep.2, mbind.2, mincore.2, remap_file_pages.2, sched_setscheduler.2, set_mempolicy.2, splice.2, stat.2, syslog.2, timer_create.2, timerfd_create.2, truncate.2, fenv.3, ferror.3, fflush.3, fgetwc.3, fgetws.3, flockfile.3, fputwc.3, fputws.3, fread.3, getopt.3, gets.3, getwchar.3, glob.3, iconv.3, longjmp.3, pow.3, printf.3, puts.3, putwchar.3, regex.3, rpc.3, scanf.3, setjmp.3, termios.3, unlocked_stdio.3, wcswidth.3, hd.4, rtc.4, st.4, core.5, dir_colors.5, elf.5, proc.5, arp.7, ascii.7, boot.7, bootparam.7, charsets.7, futex.7, ip.7, iso_8859-11.7, man-pages.7, man.7, mdoc.samples.7, path_resolution.7, pipe.7, posixoptions.7, unicode.7, unix.7, uri.7, utf-8.7, ld.so.8: s/non-/non/
The tendency in English, as prescribed in style guides like
Chicago MoS, is towards removing hyphens after prefixes
like "non-" etc.
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2010-01-16 17:20:12 +00:00
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then nondirectory files are not returned to the caller.
|
2007-10-09 18:20:23 +00:00
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However, the caller must still check that returned files
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are directories.
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(The purpose of this flag is merely to optimize performance when
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2007-11-23 18:49:04 +00:00
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the caller is interested only in directories.)
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.PP
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If
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.I errfunc
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2005-11-02 13:55:25 +00:00
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is not NULL,
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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it will be called in case of an error with the arguments
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.IR epath ,
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a pointer to the path which failed, and
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.IR eerrno ,
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the value of
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.I errno
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as returned from one of the calls to
|
2007-05-12 01:02:19 +00:00
|
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.BR opendir (3),
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.BR readdir (3),
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2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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or
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2007-05-12 01:02:19 +00:00
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.BR stat (2).
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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If
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
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.I errfunc
|
intro.1, time.1, adjtimex.2, capget.2, eventfd.2, fcntl.2, getrlimit.2, getsockopt.2, gettimeofday.2, intro.2, ioctl_list.2, ioperm.2, mlock.2, pivot_root.2, poll.2, prctl.2, ptrace.2, sched_setscheduler.2, select_tut.2, semget.2, sigaltstack.2, signalfd.2, sysctl.2, timer_settime.2, timerfd_create.2, wait.2, CPU_SET.3, argz_add.3, assert_perror.3, atexit.3, backtrace.3, bcmp.3, clearenv.3, ctime.3, dl_iterate_phdr.3, dlopen.3, ecvt.3, errno.3, error.3, ether_aton.3, exit.3, fenv.3, ferror.3, finite.3, flockfile.3, fnmatch.3, fpathconf.3, fpclassify.3, ftime.3, ftok.3, ftw.3, fwide.3, getaddrinfo.3, gethostbyname.3, getlogin.3, getnameinfo.3, getnetent.3, getopt.3, getprotoent.3, getrpcent.3, getservent.3, glob.3, hsearch.3, inet.3, isalpha.3, iswalnum.3, iswalpha.3, iswblank.3, iswcntrl.3, iswctype.3, iswdigit.3, iswgraph.3, iswlower.3, iswprint.3, iswpunct.3, iswspace.3, iswupper.3, iswxdigit.3, longjmp.3, lsearch.3, malloc.3, matherr.3, mblen.3, mbsinit.3, mbtowc.3, on_exit.3, printf.3, pthread_attr_init.3, pthread_attr_setaffinity_np.3, pthread_attr_setdetachstate.3, pthread_attr_setguardsize.3, pthread_attr_setinheritsched.3, pthread_attr_setschedparam.3, pthread_attr_setschedpolicy.3, pthread_attr_setscope.3, pthread_attr_setstack.3, pthread_attr_setstackaddr.3, pthread_attr_setstacksize.3, pthread_cancel.3, pthread_cleanup_push.3, pthread_equal.3, pthread_getattr_np.3, pthread_getcpuclockid.3, pthread_setaffinity_np.3, pthread_setcancelstate.3, pthread_setconcurrency.3, pthread_setschedparam.3, pthread_setschedprio.3, ptsname.3, putenv.3, putgrent.3, raise.3, rcmd.3, regex.3, rexec.3, rpc.3, rpmatch.3, rtnetlink.3, scandir.3, sem_init.3, setaliasent.3, setbuf.3, setenv.3, setjmp.3, signbit.3, stdio_ext.3, strtod.3, strtol.3, strtoul.3, system.3, termios.3, timeradd.3, tzset.3, ualarm.3, wctomb.3, xdr.3, st.4, tty_ioctl.4, core.5, elf.5, proc.5, bootparam.7, capabilities.7, icmp.7, ip.7, ipv6.7, math_error.7, mdoc.samples.7, mq_overview.7, pthreads.7, raw.7, regex.7, socket.7, tcp.7, tzselect.8: Global fix: s/non-zero/nonzero/
The tendency in English, as prescribed in style guides like
Chicago MoS, is towards removing hyphens after prefixes
like "non-" etc.
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2010-01-16 16:40:55 +00:00
|
|
|
returns nonzero, or if
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.B GLOB_ERR
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
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is set,
|
2005-10-19 07:07:02 +00:00
|
|
|
.BR glob ()
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
will terminate after the call to
|
|
|
|
.IR errfunc .
|
|
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|
.PP
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
Upon successful return,
|
2007-12-22 16:40:46 +00:00
|
|
|
.I pglob\->gl_pathc
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
contains the number of matched pathnames and
|
2007-12-22 16:40:46 +00:00
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.I pglob\->gl_pathv
|
2007-10-09 18:20:23 +00:00
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|
contains a pointer to the list of pointers to matched pathnames.
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The list of pointers is terminated by a NULL pointer.
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.PP
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|
It is possible to call
|
2005-10-19 07:07:02 +00:00
|
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|
.BR glob ()
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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|
|
several times.
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|
In that case, the
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.B GLOB_APPEND
|
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|
flag has to be set in
|
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|
|
.I flags
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|
on the second and later invocations.
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|
.PP
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|
As a GNU extension,
|
2007-12-22 16:40:46 +00:00
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|
.I pglob\->gl_flags
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
is set to the flags specified, \fBor\fRed with
|
|
|
|
.B GLOB_MAGCHAR
|
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|
|
if any metacharacters were found.
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|
|
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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|
On successful completion,
|
2005-10-19 07:07:02 +00:00
|
|
|
.BR glob ()
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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|
|
returns zero.
|
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|
|
Other possible returns are:
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.B GLOB_NOSPACE
|
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|
|
for running out of memory,
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
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|
|
.B GLOB_ABORTED
|
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|
for a read error, and
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|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.B GLOB_NOMATCH
|
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|
|
for no found matches.
|
2007-05-19 04:30:20 +00:00
|
|
|
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
|
|
|
|
POSIX.2, POSIX.1-2001.
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|
.SH NOTES
|
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|
The structure elements
|
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|
|
.I gl_pathc
|
|
|
|
and
|
|
|
|
.I gl_offs
|
|
|
|
are declared as
|
2007-09-20 16:26:31 +00:00
|
|
|
.I size_t
|
2007-10-09 18:20:23 +00:00
|
|
|
in glibc 2.1, as they should be according to POSIX.2,
|
2007-05-19 04:30:20 +00:00
|
|
|
but are declared as
|
|
|
|
.I int
|
|
|
|
in libc4, libc5 and glibc 2.0.
|
|
|
|
.SH BUGS
|
|
|
|
The
|
|
|
|
.BR glob ()
|
|
|
|
function may fail due to failure of underlying function calls, such as
|
|
|
|
.BR malloc (3)
|
|
|
|
or
|
|
|
|
.BR opendir (3).
|
|
|
|
These will store their error code in
|
|
|
|
.IR errno .
|
2006-05-22 19:44:47 +00:00
|
|
|
.SH EXAMPLE
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
One example of use is the following code, which simulates typing
|
2006-07-20 16:16:51 +00:00
|
|
|
.sp
|
2007-07-09 21:07:06 +00:00
|
|
|
.in +4n
|
|
|
|
ls \-l *.c ../*.c
|
|
|
|
.in
|
2006-07-20 16:16:51 +00:00
|
|
|
.sp
|
|
|
|
in the shell:
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.nf
|
2007-07-09 21:07:06 +00:00
|
|
|
.in +4n
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
glob_t globbuf;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
globbuf.gl_offs = 2;
|
|
|
|
glob("*.c", GLOB_DOOFFS, NULL, &globbuf);
|
|
|
|
glob("../*.c", GLOB_DOOFFS | GLOB_APPEND, NULL, &globbuf);
|
|
|
|
globbuf.gl_pathv[0] = "ls";
|
2005-07-07 08:27:03 +00:00
|
|
|
globbuf.gl_pathv[1] = "\-l";
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
execvp("ls", &globbuf.gl_pathv[0]);
|
2007-12-19 06:57:44 +00:00
|
|
|
.in
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.fi
|
|
|
|
.SH "SEE ALSO"
|
|
|
|
.BR ls (1),
|
|
|
|
.BR sh (1),
|
|
|
|
.BR stat (2),
|
|
|
|
.BR exec (3),
|
2004-12-15 16:42:57 +00:00
|
|
|
.BR fnmatch (3),
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.BR malloc (3),
|
|
|
|
.BR opendir (3),
|
|
|
|
.BR readdir (3),
|
|
|
|
.BR wordexp (3),
|
|
|
|
.BR glob (7)
|