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s/\\'/\\(aq/

This commit is contained in:
Michael Kerrisk 2008-06-09 15:49:35 +00:00
parent 84c517a450
commit f81fb4445b
123 changed files with 326 additions and 307 deletions
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2
man1/ldd.1
View File

@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ and only has the equivalent
.BR \-\-version .
.LP
The libc5 version of this program will use the name of a library given
on the command line as-is when it contains a \'/\'; otherwise it
on the command line as-is when it contains a \(aq/\(aq; otherwise it
searches for the library in the standard locations.
To run it
on a shared library in the current directory, prefix the name with "./".

2
man2/chdir.2
View File

@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ is not a valid file descriptor.
SVr4, 4.4BSD, POSIX.1-2001.
.SH NOTES
The current working directory is the starting point for interpreting
relative pathnames (those not starting with \'/\').
relative pathnames (those not starting with \(aq/\(aq).
A child process created via
.BR fork (2)

6
man2/chown.2
View File

@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
.\" Hey Emacs! This file is -*- nroff -*- source.
\(aq" Hey Emacs! This file is -*- nroff -*- source.
.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 1992 Drew Eckhardt (drew@cs.colorado.edu), March 28, 1992
.\" and Copyright (c) 1998 Andries Brouwer (aeb@cwi.nl)
@ -217,14 +217,14 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
struct passwd *pwd;
char *endptr;
if (argc != 3 || argv[1][0] == \'\\0\') {
if (argc != 3 || argv[1][0] == \(aq\\0\(aq) {
fprintf(stderr, "%s <owner> <file>\\n", argv[0]);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
uid = strtol(argv[1], &endptr, 10); /* Allow a numeric string */
if (*endptr != \'\\0\') { /* Was not pure numeric string */
if (*endptr != \(aq\\0\(aq) { /* Was not pure numeric string */
pwd = getpwnam(argv[1]); /* Try getting UID for username */
if (pwd == NULL) {
perror("getpwnam");

4
man2/chroot.2
View File

@ -53,8 +53,8 @@ This call changes an ingredient in the pathname resolution process
and does nothing else.
This call does not change the current working directory,
so that after the call \'\fI.\fP\' can
be outside the tree rooted at \'\fI/\fP\'.
so that after the call \(aq\fI.\fP\(aq can
be outside the tree rooted at \(aq\fI/\fP\(aq.
In particular, the superuser can escape from a "chroot jail"
by doing:
.nf

4
man2/ioctl_list.2
View File

@ -70,9 +70,9 @@ one or more ASCII letters were used.
For example,
.B TCGETS
has value
0x00005401, with 0x54 = \'T\' indicating the terminal driver, and
0x00005401, with 0x54 = \(aqT\(aq indicating the terminal driver, and
.B CYGETTIMEOUT
has value 0x00435906, with 0x43 0x59 = \'C\' \'Y\'
has value 0x00435906, with 0x43 0x59 = \(aqC\(aq \(aqY\(aq
indicating the cyclades driver.
.LP
Later (0.98p5) some more information was built into the number.

2
man2/listxattr.2
View File

@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ size of a buffer which is sufficiently large to hold the list of names.
The
.I list
of names is returned as an unordered array of null-terminated character
strings (attribute names are separated by null bytes (\'\\0\')), like this:
strings (attribute names are separated by null bytes (\(aq\\0\(aq)), like this:
.fam C
.RS
.nf

2
man2/lseek.2
View File

@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ The
function allows the file offset to be set beyond the end
of the file (but this does not change the size of the file).
If data is later written at this point, subsequent reads of the data
in the gap (a "hole") return null bytes (\'\\0\') until
in the gap (a "hole") return null bytes (\(aq\\0\(aq) until
data is actually written into the gap.
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
Upon successful completion,

2
man2/mmap.2
View File

@ -582,7 +582,7 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
length = atoi(argv[3]);
if (offset + length > sb.st_size)
length = sb.st_size \- offset;
/* Can\'t display bytes past end of file */
/* Can\(aqt display bytes past end of file */
} else { /* No length arg ==> display to end of file */
length = sb.st_size \- offset;

2
man2/mount.2
View File

@ -351,7 +351,7 @@ Or, a move
.RB ( MS_MOVE )
was attempted, but
.I source
was not a mount point, or was \'/\'.
was not a mount point, or was \(aq/\(aq.
Or, an unmount was attempted, but
.I target
was not a mount point.

2
man2/mprotect.2
View File

@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
handle_error("mprotect");
for (p = buffer ; ; )
*(p++) = \'a\';
*(p++) = \(aqa\(aq;
printf("Loop completed\\n"); /* Should never happen */
exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);

2
man2/signalfd.2
View File

@ -368,7 +368,7 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
sigaddset(&mask, SIGINT);
sigaddset(&mask, SIGQUIT);
/* Block signals so that they aren\'t handled
/* Block signals so that they aren\(aqt handled
according to their default dispositions */
if (sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &mask, NULL) == \-1)

2
man2/spu_run.2
View File

@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ int main(void)
if (context == -1)
handle_error("spu_create");
/* write a \'stop 0x1234\' instruction to the SPU\'s
/* write a \(aqstop 0x1234\(aq instruction to the SPU\(aqs
* local store memory
*/
instruction = 0x00001234;

2
man2/truncate.2
View File

@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ bytes.
.LP
If the file previously was larger than this size, the extra data is lost.
If the file previously was shorter, it is extended, and
the extended part reads as null bytes (\'\\0\').
the extended part reads as null bytes (\(aq\\0\(aq).
.LP
The file offset is not changed.
.LP

2
man2/uname.2
View File

@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ struct utsname {
.in
The length of the arrays in a
.I struct utsname
is unspecified; the fields are terminated by a null byte (\'\\0\').
is unspecified; the fields are terminated by a null byte (\(aq\\0\(aq).
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
On success, zero is returned.
On error, \-1 is returned, and

2
man2/ustat.2
View File

@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ The last two fields,
and
.IR f_fpack ,
are not implemented and will
always be filled with null bytes (\'\\0\').
always be filled with null bytes (\(aq\\0\(aq).
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
On success, zero is returned and the
.I ustat

4
man3/a64l.3
View File

@ -41,8 +41,8 @@ The 64 digits in the base-64 system are:
.RS
.nf
\&\'.\' represents a 0
\&\'/\' represents a 1
\&\(aq.\(aq represents a 0
\&\(aq/\(aq represents a 1
0-9 represent 2-11
A-Z represent 12-37
a-z represent 38-63

8
man3/argz_add.3
View File

@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ These functions are glibc-specific.
.LP
An argz vector is a pointer to a character buffer together with a length.
The intended interpretation of the character buffer is an array
of strings, where the strings are separated by null bytes (\'\\0\').
of strings, where the strings are separated by null bytes (\(aq\\0\(aq).
If the length is non-zero, the last byte of the buffer must be a null byte.
.LP
These functions are for handling argz vectors.
@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ is similar, but splits the string
into substrings separated by the delimiter
.IR delim .
For example, one might use this on a Unix search path with
delimiter \':\'.
delimiter \(aq:\(aq.
.LP
.BR argz_append ()
appends the argz vector
@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ will be increased by
.LP
.BR argz_count ()
counts the number of strings, that is,
the number of null bytes (\'\\0\'), in
the number of null bytes (\(aq\\0\(aq), in
.RI ( argz ,\ argz_len ).
.LP
.BR argz_create ()
@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ will be incremented by the number of replacements.
is the opposite of
.BR argz_create_sep ().
It transforms the argz vector into a normal string by replacing
all null bytes (\'\\0\') except the last by
all null bytes (\(aq\\0\(aq) except the last by
.IR sep .
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
All argz functions that do memory allocation have a return type of

2
man3/backtrace.3
View File

@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ myfunc3(void)
free(strings);
}
static void /* \'static\' means don\'t export the symbol... */
static void /* "static" means don\(aqt export the symbol... */
myfunc2(void)
{
myfunc3();

8
man3/basename.3
View File

@ -46,10 +46,10 @@ break a null-terminated pathname string into directory
and filename components.
In the usual case,
.BR dirname ()
returns the string up to, but not including, the final \'/\', and
returns the string up to, but not including, the final \(aq/\(aq, and
.BR basename ()
returns the component following the final \'/\'.
Trailing \'/\' characters are not counted as part of the pathname.
returns the component following the final \(aq/\(aq.
Trailing \(aq/\(aq characters are not counted as part of the pathname.
.PP
If
.I path
@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ they modify their argument, and segfault when called with a static string
like "/usr/".
Before glibc 2.2.1, the glibc version of
.BR dirname ()
did not correctly handle pathnames with trailing \'/\' characters,
did not correctly handle pathnames with trailing \(aq/\(aq characters,
and generated a segfault if given a NULL argument.
.SH EXAMPLE
.in +4n

2
man3/bsearch.3
View File

@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
res = bsearch(&key, months, nr_of_months,
sizeof(struct mi), compmi);
if (res == NULL)
printf("\'%s\': unknown month\en", argv[i]);
printf("\(aq%s\(aq: unknown month\en", argv[i]);
else
printf("%s: month #%d\en", res\->name, res\->nr);
}

2
man3/bzero.3
View File

@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ function sets the first
.I n
bytes of the byte area starting at
.I s
to zero (bytes containing \'\\0\').
to zero (bytes containing \(aq\\0\(aq).
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
None.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"

2
man3/catopen.3
View File

@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ The argument
specifies the name of the message catalog to be opened.
If
.I name
specifies and absolute path (i.e., contains a \'/\'),
specifies and absolute path (i.e., contains a \(aq/\(aq),
then
.I name
specifies a pathname for the message catalog.

2
man3/confstr.3
View File

@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ copies the value of the string to
.I buf
truncated to
.I len \- 1
characters if necessary, with a null byte (\'\\0\') as terminator.
characters if necessary, with a null byte (\(aq\\0\(aq) as terminator.
This can be detected by comparing the return value of
.BR confstr ()
against

2
man3/dl_iterate_phdr.3
View File

@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ struct dl_phdr_info {
const ElfW(Phdr) *dlpi_phdr; /* Pointer to array of
ELF program headers
for this object */
ElfW(Half) dlpi_phnum; /* # of items in \'dlpi_phdr\' */
ElfW(Half) dlpi_phnum; /* # of items in \fIdlpi_phdr\fP */
};
.fi
.in

8
man3/envz_add.3
View File

@ -38,10 +38,10 @@ see
.BR argz_add (3).
An envz vector is a special argz vector, namely one where the strings
have the form "name=value".
Everything after the first \'=\' is considered
Everything after the first \(aq=\(aq is considered
to be the value.
If there is no \'=\', the value is taken to be NULL.
(While the value in case of a trailing \'=\' is the empty string "".)
If there is no \(aq=\(aq, the value is taken to be NULL.
(While the value in case of a trailing \(aq=\(aq is the empty string "".)
.LP
These functions are for handling envz vectors.
.LP
@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ and returns the value if found, or NULL if not.
(Note that the value can also be NULL, namely when there is
an entry for
.I name
without \'=\' sign.)
without \(aq=\(aq sign.)
.LP
.BR envz_merge ()
adds each entry in

2
man3/ether_aton.3
View File

@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ The
function parses a line in
.I /etc/ethers
format (ethernet address followed by whitespace followed by
hostname; \'#\' introduces a comment) and returns an address
hostname; \(aq#\(aq introduces a comment) and returns an address
and hostname pair, or non-zero if it cannot be parsed.
The buffer pointed to by
.I hostname

2
man3/fgetws.3
View File

@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ of the
.BR fgets (3)
function.
It reads a string of at most \fIn-1\fP wide characters into the
wide-character array pointed to by \fIws\fP, and adds a terminating L\'\\0\'
wide-character array pointed to by \fIws\fP, and adds a terminating L\(aq\\0\(aq
character.
It stops reading wide characters after it has encountered and
stored a newline wide character.

4
man3/fmemopen.3
View File

@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ is the same as for
If
.I mode
specifies an append mode, then the initial file position is set to
location of the first null byte (\'\\0\') in the buffer;
location of the first null byte (\(aq\\0\(aq) in the buffer;
otherwise the initial file position is set to the start of the buffer.
.PP
When a stream that has been opened for writing is flushed
@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ of the buffer's size, using
.\" http://sources.redhat.com/ml/libc-alpha/2006-04/msg00064.html
.PP
In a stream opened for reading,
null bytes (\'\\0\') in the buffer do not cause read
null bytes (\(aq\\0\(aq) in the buffer do not cause read
operations to return an end-of-file indication.
A read from the buffer will only indicate end-of-file
when the file pointer advances

6
man3/fopen.3
View File

@ -103,14 +103,14 @@ but output is always appended to the end of the file.
.PP
The
.I mode
string can also include the letter \'b\' either as a last character or as
string can also include the letter \(aqb\(aq either as a last character or as
a character between the characters in any of the two-character strings
described above.
This is strictly for compatibility with C89
and has no effect; the \'b\' is ignored on all POSIX
and has no effect; the \(aqb\(aq is ignored on all POSIX
conforming systems, including Linux.
(Other systems may treat text files and binary files differently,
and adding the \'b\' may be a good idea if you do I/O to a binary
and adding the \(aqb\(aq may be a good idea if you do I/O to a binary
file and expect that your program may be ported to non-Unix
environments.)
.PP

2
man3/fputws.3
View File

@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ the
.BR fputs (3)
function.
It writes the wide-character string starting at \fIws\fP, up to but
not including the terminating L\'\\0\' character, to \fIstream\fP.
not including the terminating L\(aq\\0\(aq character, to \fIstream\fP.
.PP
For a non-locking counterpart, see
.BR unlocked_stdio (3).

4
man3/ftw.3
View File

@ -370,9 +370,9 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
int flags = 0;
if (argc > 2 && strchr(argv[2], \'d\') != NULL)
if (argc > 2 && strchr(argv[2], \(aqd\(aq) != NULL)
flags |= FTW_DEPTH;
if (argc > 2 && strchr(argv[2], \'p\') != NULL)
if (argc > 2 && strchr(argv[2], \(aqp\(aq) != NULL)
flags |= FTW_PHYS;
if (nftw((argc < 2) ? "." : argv[1], display_info, 20, flags)

56
man3/getopt.3
View File

@ -73,11 +73,11 @@ and
are the argument count and array as passed to the
.IR main ()
function on program invocation.
An element of \fIargv\fP that starts with \'\-\'
An element of \fIargv\fP that starts with \(aq\-\(aq
(and is not exactly "\-" or "\-\-")
is an option element.
The characters of this element
(aside from the initial \'\-\') are option characters.
(aside from the initial \(aq\-\(aq) are option characters.
If
.BR getopt ()
is called repeatedly, it returns successively each of the option characters
@ -132,11 +132,11 @@ permutes the contents of \fIargv\fP as it
scans, so that eventually all the non-options are at the end.
Two other modes are also implemented.
If the first character of
\fIoptstring\fP is \'+\' or the environment variable
\fIoptstring\fP is \(aq+\(aq or the environment variable
.B POSIXLY_CORRECT
is set, then option processing stops as soon as a non-option argument is
encountered.
If the first character of \fIoptstring\fP is \'\-\', then
If the first character of \fIoptstring\fP is \(aq\-\(aq, then
each non-option \fIargv\fP-element is handled as if it were the argument of
an option with character code 1. (This is used by programs that were
written to expect options and other \fIargv\fP-elements in any order
@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ If
.BR getopt ()
does not recognize an option character, it prints an
error message to \fIstderr\fP, stores the character in \fIoptopt\fP, and
returns \'?\'.
returns \(aq?\(aq.
The calling program may prevent the error message by
setting \fIopterr\fP to 0.
.PP
@ -156,14 +156,14 @@ If
.BR getopt ()
finds an option character in \fIargv\fP that was not
included in \fIoptstring\fP, or if it detects a missing option argument,
it returns \'?\' and sets the external variable \fIoptopt\fP to the
it returns \(aq?\(aq and sets the external variable \fIoptopt\fP to the
actual option character.
If the first character
(following any optional \'+\' or \'\-\' described above)
(following any optional \(aq+\(aq or \(aq\-\(aq described above)
of \fIoptstring\fP
is a colon (\':\'), then
is a colon (\(aq:\(aq), then
.BR getopt ()
returns \':\' instead of \'?\' to
returns \(aq:\(aq instead of \(aq?\(aq to
indicate a missing option argument.
If an error was detected, and
the first character of \fIoptstring\fP is not a colon, and
@ -243,9 +243,9 @@ points to a variable which is set to the index of the long option relative to
.BR getopt_long_only ()
is like
.BR getopt_long (),
but \'\-\' as well
but \(aq\-\(aq as well
as "\-\-" can indicate a long option.
If an option that starts with \'\-\'
If an option that starts with \(aq\-\(aq
(not "\-\-") doesn't match a long option, but does match a short option,
it is parsed as a short option instead.
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
@ -259,13 +259,13 @@ If
.BR getopt ()
encounters an option character that was not in
.IR optstring ,
then \'?\' is returned.
then \(aq?\(aq is returned.
If
.BR getopt ()
encounters an option with a missing argument,
then the return value depends on the first character in
.IR optstring :
if it is \':\', then \':\' is returned; otherwise \'?\' is returned.
if it is \(aq:\(aq, then \(aq:\(aq is returned; otherwise \(aq?\(aq is returned.
.PP
.BR getopt_long ()
and
@ -276,7 +276,7 @@ For a long option, they
return \fIval\fP if \fIflag\fP is NULL, and 0 otherwise.
Error and \-1 returns are the same as for
.BR getopt (),
plus \'?\' for an
plus \(aq?\(aq for an
ambiguous match or an extraneous parameter.
.SH ENVIRONMENT
.TP
@ -349,14 +349,14 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
flags = 0;
while ((opt = getopt(argc, argv, "nt:")) != \-1) {
switch (opt) {
case \'n\':
case \(aqn\(aq:
flags = 1;
break;
case \'t\':
case \(aqt\(aq:
nsecs = atoi(optarg);
tfnd = 1;
break;
default: /* \'?\' */
default: /* \(aq?\(aq */
fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s [\-t nsecs] [\-n] name\\n",
argv[0]);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
@ -401,7 +401,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
{"append", 0, 0, 0},
{"delete", 1, 0, 0},
{"verbose", 0, 0, 0},
{"create", 1, 0, \'c\'},
{"create", 1, 0, \(aqc\(aq},
{"file", 1, 0, 0},
{0, 0, 0, 0}
};
@ -419,32 +419,32 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
printf("\\n");
break;
case \'0\':
case \'1\':
case \'2\':
case \(aq0\(aq:
case \(aq1\(aq:
case \(aq2\(aq:
if (digit_optind != 0 && digit_optind != this_option_optind)
printf("digits occur in two different argv\-elements.\\n");
digit_optind = this_option_optind;
printf("option %c\\n", c);
break;
case \'a\':
case \(aqa\(aq:
printf("option a\\n");
break;
case \'b\':
case \(aqb\(aq:
printf("option b\\n");
break;
case \'c\':
printf("option c with value \'%s\'\\n", optarg);
case \(aqc\(aq:
printf("option c with value \(aq%s\(aq\\n", optarg);
break;
case \'d\':
printf("option d with value \'%s\'\\n", optarg);
case \(aqd\(aq:
printf("option d with value \(aq%s\(aq\\n", optarg);
break;
case \'?\':
case \(aq?\(aq:
break;
default:

2
man3/getpass.3
View File

@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ The function
returns a pointer to a static buffer containing the (first
.B PASS_MAX
bytes of) the password without the trailing
newline, terminated by a null byte (\'\\0\').
newline, terminated by a null byte (\(aq\\0\(aq).
This buffer may be overwritten by a following call.
On error, the terminal state is restored,
.I errno

4
man3/gets.3
View File

@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ into the buffer pointed to by
until either a terminating newline or
.BR EOF ,
which it replaces with
.BR \'\e0\' .
.BR \(aq\e0\(aq .
No check for buffer overrun is performed (see BUGS below).
.PP
.BR fgets ()
@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ Reading stops after an
or a newline.
If a newline is read, it is stored into the buffer.
A
.B \'\e0\'
.B \(aq\e0\(aq
is stored after the last character in the buffer.
.PP
.BR ungetc ()

12
man3/getsubopt.3
View File

@ -150,9 +150,9 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
while ((opt = getopt(argc, argv, "o:")) != \-1) {
switch (opt) {
case \'o\':
case \(aqo\(aq:
subopts = optarg;
while (*subopts != \'\\0\' && !errfnd) {
while (*subopts != \(aq\\0\(aq && !errfnd) {
switch (getsubopt(&subopts, token, &value)) {
case RO_OPT:
@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
case NAME_OPT:
if (value == NULL) {
fprintf(stderr, "Missing value for "
"suboption \'%s\'\\n", token[NAME_OPT]);
"suboption \(aq%s\(aq\\n", token[NAME_OPT]);
errfnd = 1;
continue;
}
@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
}
}
if (readwrite && readonly) {
fprintf(stderr, "Only one of \'%s\' and \'%s\' can be "
fprintf(stderr, "Only one of \(aq%s\(aq and \(aq%s\(aq can be "
"specified\\n", token[RO_OPT], token[RW_OPT]);
errfnd = 1;
}
@ -195,8 +195,8 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
if (errfnd || argc == 1) {
fprintf(stderr, "\\nUsage: %s \-o <suboptstring>\\n", argv[0]);
fprintf(stderr, "suboptions are \'ro\', \'rw\', "
"and \'name=<value>\'\\n");
fprintf(stderr, "suboptions are \(aqro\(aq, \(aqrw\(aq, "
"and \(aqname=<value>\(aq\\n");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}

6
man3/glob.3
View File

@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ Do not set this flag on the first invocation of
.BR glob ().
.TP
.B GLOB_NOESCAPE
Don't allow backslash (\'\\\') to be used as an escape
Don't allow backslash (\(aq\\\(aq) to be used as an escape
character.
Normally, a backslash can be used to quote the following character,
providing a mechanism to turn off the special meaning
@ -176,8 +176,8 @@ even if there is no file with that name.
.TP
.B GLOB_TILDE
Carry out tilde expansion.
If a tilde (\'~\') is the only character in the pattern,
or an initial tilde is followed immediately by a slash (\'/\'),
If a tilde (\(aq~\(aq) is the only character in the pattern,
or an initial tilde is followed immediately by a slash (\(aq/\(aq),
then the home directory of the caller is substituted for
the tilde.
If an initial tilde is followed by a username (e.g., "~andrea/bin"),

10
man3/isalpha.3
View File

@ -132,15 +132,15 @@ In the
and
.B """POSIX"""
locales, these are: space, form-feed
.RB ( \'\ef\' ),
.RB ( \(aq\ef\(aq ),
newline
.RB ( \'\en\' ),
.RB ( \(aq\en\(aq ),
carriage return
.RB ( \'\er\' ),
.RB ( \(aq\er\(aq ),
horizontal tab
.RB ( \'\et\' ),
.RB ( \(aq\et\(aq ),
and vertical tab
.RB ( \'\ev\' ).
.RB ( \(aq\ev\(aq ).
.TP
.BR isupper ()
checks for an uppercase letter.

4
man3/iswalnum.3
View File

@ -48,8 +48,8 @@ The wide-character class "alnum" is the union of the wide-character classes
As such, it also contains the wide-character class
"xdigit".
.PP
The wide-character class "alnum" always contains at least the letters \'A\'
to \'Z\', \'a\' to \'z\' and the digits \'0\' to \'9\'.
The wide-character class "alnum" always contains at least the letters \(aqA\(aq
to \(aqZ\(aq, \(aqa\(aq to \(aqz\(aq and the digits \(aq0\(aq to \(aq9\(aq.
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
The
.BR iswalnum ()

4
man3/iswalpha.3
View File

@ -52,8 +52,8 @@ The wide-character class "alpha" is disjoint from the wide-character class
The wide-character class "alpha" contains the wide-character classes "upper"
and "lower".
.PP
The wide-character class "alpha" always contains at least the letters \'A\'
to \'Z\' and \'a\' to \'z\'.
The wide-character class "alpha" always contains at least the
letters \(aqA\(aq to \(aqZ\(aq and \(aqa\(aq to \(aqz\(aq.
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
The
.BR iswalpha ()

2
man3/iswblank.3
View File

@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ from its subclasses "alnum", "alpha", "upper", "lower", "digit",
.PP
The wide-character class "blank" always contains
at least the space character
and the control character \'\\t\'.
and the control character \(aq\\t\(aq.
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
The
.BR iswblank ()

2
man3/iswdigit.3
View File

@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ disjoint from the wide-character class
"alpha" and therefore also disjoint from its subclasses "lower", "upper".
.PP
The wide-character class "digit" always
contains exactly the digits \'0\' to \'9\'.
contains exactly the digits \(aq0\(aq to \(aq9\(aq.
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
The
.BR iswdigit ()

2
man3/iswlower.3
View File

@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ which are equal to \fItowlower(wc)\fP and different
from \fItowupper(wc)\fP.
.PP
The wide-character class "lower" always contains
at least the letters \'a\' to \'z\'.
at least the letters \(aqa\(aq to \(aqz\(aq.
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
The
.BR iswlower ()

3
man3/iswspace.3
View File

@ -39,7 +39,8 @@ The wide-character class "space" is disjoint from the wide-character class
The wide-character class "space" contains the wide-character class "blank".
.PP
The wide-character class "space" always contains at least the space character
and the control characters \'\\f\', \'\\n\', \'\\r\', \'\\t\', \'\\v\'.
and the control
characters \(aq\\f\(aq, \(aq\\n\(aq, \(aq\\r\(aq, \(aq\\t\(aq, \(aq\\v\(aq.
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
The
.BR iswspace ()

4
man3/iswupper.3
View File

@ -49,8 +49,8 @@ Being a subclass of the wide-character class "alpha", the wide-character class
The wide-character class "upper" contains at least those characters \fIwc\fP
which are equal to \fItowupper(wc)\fP and different from \fItowlower(wc)\fP.
.PP
The wide-character class "upper" always contains at least the letters \'A\'
to \'Z\'.
The wide-character class "upper" always contains at least the
letters \(aqA\(aq to \(aqZ\(aq.
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
The
.BR iswupper ()

5
man3/iswxdigit.3
View File

@ -43,8 +43,9 @@ Being a subclass of the wide-character class "graph", the wide-character class
Being a subclass of the wide-character class "alnum", the wide-character class
"xdigit" is disjoint from the wide-character class "punct".
.PP
The wide-character class "xdigit" always contains at least the letters \'A\'
to \'F\', \'a\' to \'f\' and the digits \'0\' to \'9\'.
The wide-character class "xdigit" always contains at least the
letters \(aqA\(aq to \(aqF\(aq, \(aqa\(aq to \(aqf\(aq
and the digits \(aq0\(aq to \(aq9\(aq.
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
The
.BR iswxdigit ()

8
man3/mbrtowc.3
View File

@ -32,9 +32,9 @@ multibyte character, converts it to a wide character and stores it at
\fI*pwc\fP.
It updates the shift state \fI*ps\fP.
If the converted wide
character is not L\'\\0\', it returns the number of bytes that were consumed
character is not L\(aq\\0\(aq, it returns the number of bytes that were consumed
from \fIs\fP.
If the converted wide character is L\'\\0\', it resets the shift
If the converted wide character is L\(aq\\0\(aq, it resets the shift
state \fI*ps\fP to the initial state and returns 0.
.PP
If the \fIn\fP bytes starting at \fIs\fP do not contain a complete multibyte
@ -87,9 +87,9 @@ memset(&a, 0, sizeof(a));
The
.BR mbrtowc ()
function returns the number of bytes parsed from the
multibyte sequence starting at \fIs\fP, if a non-L\'\\0\' wide character
multibyte sequence starting at \fIs\fP, if a non-L\(aq\\0\(aq wide character
was recognized.
It returns 0, if a L\'\\0\' wide character was recognized.
It returns 0, if a L\(aq\\0\(aq wide character was recognized.
It returns
.I (size_t)\ \-1
and sets \fIerrno\fP to \fBEILSEQ\fP, if an invalid multibyte sequence was

9
man3/mbsnrtowcs.3
View File

@ -54,17 +54,20 @@ is left pointing to the invalid multibyte sequence,
is returned,
and \fIerrno\fP is set to \fBEILSEQ\fP.
.IP 2.
The \fInms\fP limit forces a stop, or \fIlen\fP non-L\'\\0\' wide characters
The \fInms\fP limit forces a stop,
or \fIlen\fP non-L\(aq\\0\(aq wide characters
have been stored at \fIdest\fP.
In this case \fI*src\fP is left pointing to the
next multibyte sequence to be converted, and the number of wide characters
written to \fIdest\fP is returned.
.IP 3.
The multibyte string has been completely converted, including the
terminating \'\\0\' (which has the side effect of bringing back \fI*ps\fP to the
terminating \(aq\\0\(aq
(which has the side effect of bringing back \fI*ps\fP to the
initial state).
In this case \fI*src\fP is set to NULL, and the number of wide
characters written to \fIdest\fP, excluding the terminating L\'\\0\' character,
characters written to \fIdest\fP,
excluding the terminating L\(aq\\0\(aq character,
is returned.
.PP
If \fIdest\fP is NULL, \fIlen\fP is ignored, and the conversion proceeds as

6
man3/mbsrtowcs.3
View File

@ -44,19 +44,19 @@ is left pointing to the invalid multibyte sequence,
is returned,
and \fIerrno\fP is set to \fBEILSEQ\fP.
.IP 2.
\fIlen\fP non-L\'\\0\' wide characters have been stored at \fIdest\fP.
\fIlen\fP non-L\(aq\\0\(aq wide characters have been stored at \fIdest\fP.
In this
case \fI*src\fP is left pointing to the next
multibyte sequence to be converted,
and the number of wide characters written to \fIdest\fP is returned.
.IP 3.
The multibyte string has been completely converted, including the
terminating \'\\0\' (which has the side
terminating \(aq\\0\(aq (which has the side
effect of bringing back \fI*ps\fP to the
initial state).
In this case \fI*src\fP is set to NULL, and the number of wide
characters written to \fIdest\fP,
excluding the terminating L\'\\0\' character, is returned.
excluding the terminating L\(aq\\0\(aq character, is returned.
.PP
If \fIdest\fP is NULL, \fIlen\fP is ignored,
and the conversion proceeds as above,

6
man3/mbstowcs.3
View File

@ -36,15 +36,15 @@ In this case
.I (size_t)\ \-1
is returned.
.IP 2.
\fIn\fP non-L\'\\0\' wide characters have been stored at \fIdest\fP.
\fIn\fP non-L\(aq\\0\(aq wide characters have been stored at \fIdest\fP.
In this
case the number of wide characters written to \fIdest\fP is returned, but the
shift state at this point is lost.
.IP 3.
The multibyte string has been completely converted, including the
terminating \'\\0\'.
terminating \(aq\\0\(aq.
In this case the number of wide characters written to
\fIdest\fP, excluding the terminating L\'\\0\' character, is returned.
\fIdest\fP, excluding the terminating L\(aq\\0\(aq character, is returned.
.PP
The programmer must ensure that there is room for at least \fIn\fP wide
characters at \fIdest\fP.

2
man3/mbtowc.3
View File

@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ multibyte character, converts it to a wide character and stores it at
\fI*pwc\fP.
It updates an internal shift state only known to the mbtowc
function.
If \fIs\fP does not point to a \'\\0\' byte, it returns the number
If \fIs\fP does not point to a \(aq\\0\(aq byte, it returns the number
of bytes that were consumed from \fIs\fP, otherwise it returns 0.
.PP
If the \fIn\fP bytes starting at \fIs\fP do not contain a complete multibyte

2
man3/perror.3
View File

@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ First (if
.I s
is not NULL and
.I *s
is not a null byte (\'\\0\')) the argument string
is not a null byte (\(aq\\0\(aq)) the argument string
.I s
is printed, followed by a colon and a blank.
Then the message and a new-line.

8
man3/printf.3
View File

@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ and
.BR vsnprintf ()
write at most
.I size
bytes (including the trailing null byte (\'\e0\')) to
bytes (including the trailing null byte (\(aq\e0\(aq)) to
.IR str .
.PP
The functions
@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ the variable-length argument facilities of
are converted for output.
.SS "Return value"
Upon successful return, these functions return the number of characters
printed (not including the trailing \'\e0\' used to end output to strings).
printed (not including the trailing \(aq\e0\(aq used to end output to strings).
The functions
.BR snprintf ()
@ -141,9 +141,9 @@ and
.BR vsnprintf ()
do not write more than
.I size
bytes (including the trailing \'\e0\').
bytes (including the trailing \(aq\e0\(aq).
If the output was truncated due to this limit then the return value
is the number of characters (not including the trailing \'\e0\')
is the number of characters (not including the trailing \(aq\e0\(aq)
which would have been written to the final string if enough space
had been available.
Thus, a return value of

2
man3/putenv.3
View File

@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ one in libc4, libc5 and glibc 2.0 is not, but the glibc 2.1 version is.
.LP
Description for libc4, libc5, glibc:
If the argument \fIstring\fP is of the form \fIname\fP,
and does not contain an \'=\' character, then the variable \fIname\fP
and does not contain an \(aq=\(aq character, then the variable \fIname\fP
is removed from the environment.
If
.BR putenv ()

2
man3/puts.3
View File

@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ writes the string
to
.IR stream ,
without its trailing
.BR \'\e0\' .
.BR \(aq\e0\(aq .
.PP
.BR putc ()
is equivalent to

2
man3/realpath.3
View File

@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ _BSD_SOURCE || _XOPEN_SOURCE\ >=\ 500
expands all symbolic links and resolves references
to
.IR "/./" ", " "/../"
and extra \'/\'
and extra \(aq/\(aq
characters in the null terminated string named by
.I path
and stores the canonicalized absolute pathname in the buffer of size

2
man3/regex.3
View File

@ -253,7 +253,7 @@ Invalid use of back reference operator.
Invalid use of pattern operators such as group or list.
.TP
.B REG_BADRPT
Invalid use of repetition operators such as using \'*\'
Invalid use of repetition operators such as using \(aq*\(aq
as the first character.
.TP
.B REG_EBRACE

6
man3/setenv.3
View File

@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ set to indicate the cause of the error.
.TP
.B EINVAL
.I name
contained an \'=\' character.
contained an \(aq=\(aq character.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
4.3BSD, POSIX.1-2001.
.SH "NOTES"
@ -113,11 +113,11 @@ POSIX.1-2001-compliant prototype shown in the SYNOPSIS.
.SH BUGS
POSIX.1-2001 specifies that if
.I name
contains an \'=\' character, then
contains an \(aq=\(aq character, then
.BR setenv ()
should fail with the error
.BR EINVAL ;
however, versions of glibc before 2.3.4 allowed an \'=\' sign in
however, versions of glibc before 2.3.4 allowed an \(aq=\(aq sign in
.IR name .
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.BR clearenv (3),

8
man3/stdarg.3
View File

@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ foo(va_alist)
.in
On some systems,
.I va_end
contains a closing \'}\' matching a \'{\' in
contains a closing \(aq}\(aq matching a \(aq{\(aq in
.IR va_start ,
so that both macros must occur in the same function, and in a way
that allows this.
@ -289,15 +289,15 @@ foo(char *fmt, ...)
va_start(ap, fmt);
while (*fmt)
switch (*fmt++) {
case \'s\': /* string */
case \(aqs\(aq: /* string */
s = va_arg(ap, char *);
printf("string %s\en", s);
break;
case \'d\': /* int */
case \(aqd\(aq: /* int */
d = va_arg(ap, int);
printf("int %d\en", d);
break;
case \'c\': /* char */
case \(aqc\(aq: /* char */
/* need a cast here since va_arg only
takes fully promoted types */
c = (char) va_arg(ap, int);

2
man3/stpcpy.3
View File

@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ stpcpy \- copy a string returning a pointer to its end
The
.BR stpcpy ()
function copies the string pointed to by \fIsrc\fP
(including the terminating \'\\0\' character) to the array pointed to by
(including the terminating \(aq\\0\(aq character) to the array pointed to by
\fIdest\fP.
The strings may not overlap, and the destination string
\fIdest\fP must be large enough to receive the copy.

9
man3/stpncpy.3
View File

@ -24,15 +24,16 @@ stpncpy \- copy a fixed-size string, returning a pointer to its end
The
.BR stpncpy ()
function copies at most \fIn\fP characters from the string
pointed to by \fIsrc\fP, including the terminating \'\\0\' character, to the
array pointed to by \fIdest\fP.
pointed to by \fIsrc\fP, including the terminating \(aq\\0\(aq character,
to the array pointed to by \fIdest\fP.
Exactly \fIn\fP characters are written at
\fIdest\fP.
If the length \fIstrlen(src)\fP is smaller than \fIn\fP, the
remaining characters in the array pointed to by \fIdest\fP are filled
with \'\\0\' characters.
with \(aq\\0\(aq characters.
If the length \fIstrlen(src)\fP is greater or equal to
\fIn\fP, the string pointed to by \fIdest\fP will not be \'\\0\' terminated.
\fIn\fP, the string pointed to by \fIdest\fP will
not be \(aq\\0\(aq terminated.
.PP
The strings may not overlap.
.PP

6
man3/strcat.3
View File

@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ strcat, strncat \- concatenate two strings
The
.BR strcat ()
function appends the \fIsrc\fP string to the
\fIdest\fP string, overwriting the null byte (\'\\0\') at the end of
\fIdest\fP string, overwriting the null byte (\(aq\\0\(aq) at the end of
\fIdest\fP, and then adds a terminating null byte.
The strings may not overlap, and the \fIdest\fP string must have
enough space for the result.
@ -79,9 +79,9 @@ strncat(char *dest, const char *src, size_t n)
size_t dest_len = strlen(dest);
size_t i;
for (i = 0 ; i < n && src[i] != \'\\0\' ; i++)
for (i = 0 ; i < n && src[i] != \(aq\\0\(aq ; i++)
dest[dest_len + i] = src[i];
dest[dest_len + i] = \'\\0\';
dest[dest_len + i] = \(aq\\0\(aq;
return dest;
}

8
man3/strcpy.3
View File

@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ strcpy, strncpy \- copy a string
The
.BR strcpy ()
function copies the string pointed to by \fIsrc\fP,
including the terminating null byte (\'\\0\'),
including the terminating null byte (\(aq\\0\(aq),
to the buffer pointed to by \fIdest\fP.
The strings may not overlap, and the destination string
\fIdest\fP must be large enough to receive the copy.
@ -78,10 +78,10 @@ char*
strncpy(char *dest, const char *src, size_t n){
size_t i;
for (i = 0 ; i < n && src[i] != \'\\0\' ; i++)
for (i = 0 ; i < n && src[i] != \(aq\\0\(aq ; i++)
dest[i] = src[i];
for ( ; i < n ; i++)
dest[i] = \'\\0\';
dest[i] = \(aq\\0\(aq;
return dest;
}
@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ as follows:
strncpy(buf, str, n);
if (n > 0)
buf[n - 1]= \'\\0\';
buf[n - 1]= \(aq\\0\(aq;
.fi
.in
.SH BUGS

2
man3/strdup.3
View File

@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ The
function is similar, but only copies at most
\fIn\fP characters.
If \fIs\fP is longer than \fIn\fP, only \fIn\fP
characters are copied, and a terminating null byte (\'\\0\') is added.
characters are copied, and a terminating null byte (\(aq\\0\(aq) is added.
.BR strdupa ()
and

4
man3/strfmon.3
View File

@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ result in the character array \fIs\fP of size \fImax\fP.
.PP
Ordinary characters in \fIformat\fP are copied to \fIs\fP
without conversion.
Conversion specifiers are introduced by a \'%\'
Conversion specifiers are introduced by a \(aq%\(aq
character.
Immediately following it there can be zero or more
of the following flags:
@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ The three conversion characters are
.TP
.B %
(In this case the entire specification must be exactly "%%".)
Put a \'%\' character in the result string.
Put a \(aq%\(aq character in the result string.
.TP
.B i
One argument of type

6
man3/strftime.3
View File

@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ result in the character array \fIs\fP of size \fImax\fP.
Ordinary characters placed in the format string are copied to \fIs\fP
without conversion.
.I "Conversion specifications"
are introduced by a \'%\'
are introduced by a \(aq%\(aq
character, and terminated by a
.IR "conversion specifier character" ,
and are replaced in \fIs\fP as follows:
@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ format. (TZ)
(Not supported in glibc2.)
.TP
.B %%
A literal \'%\' character.
A literal \(aq%\(aq character.
.PP
Some conversion specifications can be modified by preceding the
conversion specifier character by the
@ -348,7 +348,7 @@ Glibc provides some extensions for conversion specifications.
(These extensions are not specified in POSIX.1-2001, but a few other
systems provide similar features.)
.\" HP-UX and Tru64 also have features like this.
Between the \'%\' character and the conversion specifier character,
Between the \(aq%\(aq character and the conversion specifier character,
an optional
.I flag
and field

2
man3/strlen.3
View File

@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ strlen \- calculate the length of a string
The
.BR strlen ()
function calculates the length of the string
\fIs\fP, not including the terminating \'\\0\' character.
\fIs\fP, not including the terminating \(aq\\0\(aq character.
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
The
.BR strlen ()

7
man3/strnlen.3
View File

@ -23,8 +23,8 @@ strnlen \- determine the length of a fixed-size string
The
.BR strnlen ()
function returns the number of characters in the string
pointed to by \fIs\fP, not including the terminating \'\\0\' character, but
at most \fImaxlen\fP.
pointed to by \fIs\fP, not including the terminating \(aq\\0\(aq character,
but at most \fImaxlen\fP.
In doing this,
.BR strnlen ()
looks only at the first
@ -33,7 +33,8 @@ looks only at the first
The
.BR strnlen ()
function returns \fIstrlen(s)\fP, if that is less than
\fImaxlen\fP, or \fImaxlen\fP if there is no \'\\0\' character among the first
\fImaxlen\fP, or \fImaxlen\fP
if there is no \(aq\\0\(aq character among the first
\fImaxlen\fP characters pointed to by \fIs\fP.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
This function is a GNU extension.

9
man3/strptime.3
View File

@ -307,11 +307,12 @@ or
.B _GNU_SOURCE
are defined.
.PP
Before libc 5.4.13 whitespace (and the \'n\' and \'t\' specifications)
was not handled, no \'E\' and \'O\' locale modifier characters were accepted,
and the \'C\' specification was a synonym for the \'c\' specification.
Before libc 5.4.13 whitespace
(and the \(aqn\(aq and \(aqt\(aq specifications) was not handled,
no \(aqE\(aq and \(aqO\(aq locale modifier characters were accepted,
and the \(aqC\(aq specification was a synonym for the \(aqc\(aq specification.
.PP
The \'y\' (year in century) specification is taken to specify a year
The \(aqy\(aq (year in century) specification is taken to specify a year
in the 20th century by libc4 and libc5.
It is taken to be a year
in the range 1950-2049 by glibc 2.0.

2
man3/strsep.3
View File

@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ and does nothing else.
Otherwise, this function finds the first token
in the string \fI*stringp\fP, where tokens
are delimited by symbols in the string \fIdelim\fP.
This token is terminated with a \'\\0\' character
This token is terminated with a \(aq\\0\(aq character
(by overwriting the delimiter)
and \fI*stringp\fP is updated to point past the token.
In case no delimiter was found, the token is taken to be

2
man3/strstr.3
View File

@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ The
.BR strstr ()
function finds the first occurrence of the substring
\fIneedle\fP in the string \fIhaystack\fP.
The terminating \'\\0\' characters are not compared.
The terminating \(aq\\0\(aq characters are not compared.
The
.BR strcasestr ()

12
man3/strtod.3
View File

@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ representation, respectively.
The expected form of the (initial portion of the) string is
optional leading white space as recognized by
.BR isspace (3),
an optional plus (\'+\') or minus sign (\'\-\') and then either
an optional plus (\(aq+\(aq) or minus sign (\(aq\-\(aq) and then either
(i) a decimal number, or (ii) a hexadecimal number,
or (iii) an infinity, or (iv) a NAN (not-a-number).
.LP
@ -87,8 +87,8 @@ A
.I "decimal number"
consists of a non-empty sequence of decimal digits
possibly containing a radix character (decimal point, locale-dependent,
usually \'.\'), optionally followed by a decimal exponent.
A decimal exponent consists of an \'E\' or \'e\', followed by an
usually \(aq.\(aq), optionally followed by a decimal exponent.
A decimal exponent consists of an \(aqE\(aq or \(aqe\(aq, followed by an
optional plus or minus sign, followed by a non-empty sequence of
decimal digits, and indicates multiplication by a power of 10.
.LP
@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ consists of a "0x" or "0X" followed by a non-empty sequence of
hexadecimal digits possibly containing a radix character,
optionally followed by a binary exponent.
A binary exponent
consists of a \'P\' or \'p\', followed by an optional
consists of a \(aqP\(aq or \(aqp\(aq, followed by an optional
plus or minus sign, followed by a non-empty sequence of
decimal digits, and indicates multiplication by a power of 2.
At least one of radix character and binary exponent must be present.
@ -109,8 +109,8 @@ is either "INF" or "INFINITY", disregarding case.
.LP
A
.I NAN
is "NAN" (disregarding case) optionally followed by \'(\',
a sequence of characters, followed by \')\'.
is "NAN" (disregarding case) optionally followed by \(aq(\(aq,
a sequence of characters, followed by \(aq)\(aq.
The character string specifies in an implementation-dependent
way the type of NAN.
.SH "RETURN VALUE"

2
man3/strtok.3
View File

@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
An example of the output produced by this program is the following:
.PP
.nf
$ ./a.out \'a/bbb///cc;xxx:yyy:\' \':;\' \'/\'
$ ./a.out \(aqa/bbb///cc;xxx:yyy:\(aq \(aq:;\(aq \(aq/\(aq
1: a/bbb///cc
\-\-> a
\-\-> bbb

20
man3/strtol.3
View File

@ -59,20 +59,20 @@ which must be between 2 and 36 inclusive, or be the special value 0.
The string may begin with an arbitrary amount of white space (as
determined by
.BR isspace (3))
followed by a single optional \'+\' or \'\-\' sign.
followed by a single optional \(aq+\(aq or \(aq\-\(aq sign.
If \fIbase\fP is zero or 16, the string may then include a
"0x" prefix, and the number will be read in base 16; otherwise, a
zero \fIbase\fP is taken as 10 (decimal) unless the next character
is \'0\', in which case it is taken as 8 (octal).
is \(aq0\(aq, in which case it is taken as 8 (octal).
.PP
The remainder of the string is converted to a
.I long int
value
in the obvious manner, stopping at the first character which is not a
valid digit in the given base.
(In bases above 10, the letter \'A\' in
either upper or lower case represents 10, \'B\' represents 11, and so
forth, with \'Z\' representing 35.)
(In bases above 10, the letter \(aqA\(aq in
either upper or lower case represents 10, \(aqB\(aq represents 11, and so
forth, with \(aqZ\(aq representing 35.)
.PP
If \fIendptr\fP is not NULL,
.BR strtol ()
@ -83,8 +83,8 @@ all,
.BR strtol ()
stores the original value of \fInptr\fP in
\fI*endptr\fP (and returns 0).
In particular, if \fI*nptr\fP is not \'\\0\' but \fI**endptr\fP
is \'\\0\' on return, the entire string is valid.
In particular, if \fI*nptr\fP is not \(aq\\0\(aq but \fI**endptr\fP
is \(aq\\0\(aq on return, the entire string is valid.
.PP
The
.BR strtoll ()
@ -190,14 +190,14 @@ Some examples of the results produced by this program are the following:
$ ./a.out 123
strtol() returned 123
$ ./a.out \' 123\'
$ ./a.out \(aq 123\(aq
strtol() returned 123
$ ./a.out 123abc
strtol() returned 123
Further characters after number: abc
$ ./a.out 123abc 55
strtol: Invalid argument
$ ./a.out \'\'
$ ./a.out \(aq\(aq
No digits were found
$ ./a.out 4000000000
strtol: Numerical result out of range
@ -247,7 +247,7 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
printf("strtol() returned %ld\\n", val);
if (*endptr != \'\\0\') /* Not necessarily an error... */
if (*endptr != \(aq\\0\(aq) /* Not necessarily an error... */
printf("Further characters after number: %s\\n", endptr);
exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);

14
man3/strtoul.3
View File

@ -65,21 +65,21 @@ the special value 0.
The string may begin with an arbitrary amount of white space (as
determined by
.BR isspace (3))
followed by a single optional \'+\' or \'\-\'
followed by a single optional \(aq+\(aq or \(aq\-\(aq
sign.
If \fIbase\fP is zero or 16, the string may then include a
"0x" prefix, and the number will be read in base 16; otherwise, a
zero \fIbase\fP is taken as 10 (decimal) unless the next character
is \'0\', in which case it is taken as 8 (octal).
is \(aq0\(aq, in which case it is taken as 8 (octal).
.PP
The remainder of the string is converted to an
.I "unsigned long int"
value in the obvious manner,
stopping at the first character which is not a
valid digit in the given base.
(In bases above 10, the letter \'A\' in
either upper or lower case represents 10, \'B\' represents 11, and so
forth, with \'Z\' representing 35.)
(In bases above 10, the letter \(aqA\(aq in
either upper or lower case represents 10, \(aqB\(aq represents 11, and so
forth, with \(aqZ\(aq representing 35.)
.PP
If \fIendptr\fP is not NULL,
.BR strtoul ()
@ -90,8 +90,8 @@ all,
.BR strtoul ()
stores the original value of \fInptr\fP in
\fI*endptr\fP (and returns 0).
In particular, if \fI*nptr\fP is not \'\\0\' but \fI**endptr\fP
is \'\\0\' on return, the entire string is valid.
In particular, if \fI*nptr\fP is not \(aq\\0\(aq but \fI**endptr\fP
is \(aq\\0\(aq on return, the entire string is valid.
.PP
The
.BR strtoull ()

2
man3/strxfrm.3
View File

@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ The
.BR strxfrm ()
function returns the number of bytes required to
store the transformed string in \fIdest\fP excluding the
terminating \'\\0\' character.
terminating \(aq\\0\(aq character.
If the value returned is \fIn\fP or more, the
contents of \fIdest\fP are indeterminate.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"

4
man3/termios.3
View File

@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ queues to be flushed, and if the terminal is the controlling
terminal of a foreground process group, it will cause a
\fBSIGINT\fP to be sent to this foreground process group.
When neither \fBIGNBRK\fP nor \fBBRKINT\fP are set, a BREAK
reads as a null byte (\'\\0\'), except when \fBPARMRK\fP is set,
reads as a null byte (\(aq\\0\(aq), except when \fBPARMRK\fP is set,
in which case it reads as the sequence \\377 \\0 \\0.
.TP
.B IGNPAR
@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ Send fill characters for a delay, rather than using a timed delay.
.TP
.B OFDEL
(not in POSIX) Fill character is ASCII DEL (0177).
If unset, fill character is ASCII NUL (\'\\0\').
If unset, fill character is ASCII NUL (\(aq\\0\(aq).
(Not implemented on Linux.)
.TP
.B NLDLY

13
man3/ttyslot.3
View File

@ -56,21 +56,22 @@ in Unix V6, that was read by the
.BR init (8)
program to find out what to do with each terminal line.
Each line consisted of three characters.
The first character was either \'0\' or \'1\', where \'0\' meant "ignore".
The second character denoted the terminal: \'8\' stood for "/dev/tty8".
The first character was either \(aq0\(aq or \(aq1\(aq,
where \(aq0\(aq meant "ignore".
The second character denoted the terminal: \(aq8\(aq stood for "/dev/tty8".
The third character was an argument to
.BR getty (8)
indicating the sequence of line speeds to try (\'\-\' was: start trying
indicating the sequence of line speeds to try (\(aq\-\(aq was: start trying
110 baud).
Thus a typical line was "18\-".
A hang on some line was solved by changing the \'1\' to a \'0\',
A hang on some line was solved by changing the \(aq1\(aq to a \(aq0\(aq,
signaling init, changing back again, and signaling init again.
.LP
In Unix V7 the format was changed: here the second character
was the argument to
.BR getty (8)
indicating the sequence of line speeds to try (\'0\' was: cycle through
300-1200-150-110 baud; \'4\' was for the on-line console DECwriter)
indicating the sequence of line speeds to try (\(aq0\(aq was: cycle through
300-1200-150-110 baud; \(aq4\(aq was for the on-line console DECwriter)
while the rest of the line contained the name of the tty.
Thus a typical line was "14console".
.LP

2
man3/tzset.3
View File

@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ format.
If \fIfilespec\fP is given, it specifies another
.BR tzfile (5)-format
file to read the time zone information from.
If \fIfilespec\fP does not begin with a \'/\', the file specification is
If \fIfilespec\fP does not begin with a \(aq/\(aq, the file specification is
relative to the system timezone directory.
.PP
Here's an example, once more for New Zealand:

7
man3/wcpcpy.3
View File

@ -28,17 +28,18 @@ function is the wide-character equivalent of the
.BR stpcpy (3)
function.
It copies the wide-character string pointed to by \fIsrc\fP,
including the terminating L\'\\0\' character, to the array pointed to by
including the terminating L\(aq\\0\(aq character, to the array pointed to by
\fIdest\fP.
.PP
The strings may not overlap.
.PP
The programmer must ensure that there is room for at least \fIwcslen(src)+1\fP
The programmer must ensure that there
is room for at least \fIwcslen(src)+1\fP
wide characters at \fIdest\fP.
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
.BR wcpcpy ()
returns a pointer to the end of the wide-character string
\fIdest\fP, that is, a pointer to the terminating L\'\\0\' character.
\fIdest\fP, that is, a pointer to the terminating L\(aq\\0\(aq character.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
This function is a GNU extension.
.SH "SEE ALSO"

7
man3/wcpncpy.3
View File

@ -30,16 +30,17 @@ of the
.BR stpncpy (3)
function.
It copies at most \fIn\fP wide characters from the wide-character
string pointed to by \fIsrc\fP, including the terminating L\'\\0\' character,
string pointed to by \fIsrc\fP,
including the terminating L\(aq\\0\(aq character,
to the array pointed to by \fIdest\fP.
Exactly \fIn\fP wide characters are
written at \fIdest\fP.
If the length \fIwcslen(src)\fP is smaller than \fIn\fP,
the remaining wide characters in the array pointed to
by \fIdest\fP are filled with L\'\\0\' characters.
by \fIdest\fP are filled with L\(aq\\0\(aq characters.
If the length \fIwcslen(src)\fP is greater or equal
to \fIn\fP, the string pointed to by \fIdest\fP will
not be L\'\\0\' terminated.
not be L\(aq\\0\(aq terminated.
.PP
The strings may not overlap.
.PP

8
man3/wcrtomb.3
View File

@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ wcrtomb \- convert a wide character to a multibyte sequence
.SH DESCRIPTION
The main case for this function is when \fIs\fP is
not NULL and \fIwc\fP is not
L\'\\0\'.
L\(aq\\0\(aq.
In this case, the
.BR wcrtomb ()
function
@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ returns the length of said multibyte representation,
that is, the number of bytes
written at \fIs\fP.
.PP
A different case is when \fIs\fP is not NULL but \fIwc\fP is L\'\\0\'.
A different case is when \fIs\fP is not NULL but \fIwc\fP is L\(aq\\0\(aq.
In this
case the
.BR wcrtomb ()
@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ function stores at
the character array pointed to by
\fIs\fP the shift sequence needed to
bring \fI*ps\fP back to the initial state,
followed by a \'\\0\' byte.
followed by a \(aq\\0\(aq byte.
It updates the shift state \fI*ps\fP (i.e., brings
it into the initial state),
and returns the length of the shift sequence plus
@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ one, that is, the number of bytes written at \fIs\fP.
.PP
A third case is when \fIs\fP is NULL.
In this case \fIwc\fP is ignored,
and the function effectively returns wcrtomb(buf,L\'\\0\',\fIps\fP) where
and the function effectively returns wcrtomb(buf,L\(aq\\0\(aq,\fIps\fP) where
buf is an internal anonymous buffer.
.PP
In all of the above cases, if \fIps\fP is a NULL pointer, a static anonymous

4
man3/wcscat.3
View File

@ -28,8 +28,8 @@ of the
.BR strcat (3)
function.
It copies the wide-character string pointed to by \fIsrc\fP,
including the terminating L\'\\0\' character, to the end of the wide-character
string pointed to by \fIdest\fP.
including the terminating L\(aq\\0\(aq character,
to the end of the wide-character string pointed to by \fIdest\fP.
.PP
The strings may not overlap.
.PP

2
man3/wcscpy.3
View File

@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ of the
.BR strcpy (3)
function.
It copies the wide-character string pointed to by \fIsrc\fP,
including the terminating L\'\\0\' character, to the array pointed to by
including the terminating L\(aq\\0\(aq character, to the array pointed to by
\fIdest\fP.
.PP
The strings may not overlap.

2
man3/wcslen.3
View File

@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ of the
.BR strlen (3)
function.
It determines the length of the wide-character string pointed to
by \fIs\fP, not including the terminating L\'\\0\' character.
by \fIs\fP, not including the terminating L\(aq\\0\(aq character.
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
The
.BR wcslen ()

2
man3/wcsncat.3
View File

@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ function is the wide-character equivalent of the
function.
It copies at most \fIn\fP wide characters from the wide-character
string pointed to by \fIsrc\fP to the end of the wide-character string pointed
to by \fIdest\fP, and adds a terminating L\'\\0\' character.
to by \fIdest\fP, and adds a terminating L\(aq\\0\(aq character.
.PP
The strings may not overlap.
.PP

2
man3/wcsncmp.3
View File

@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ It compares the wide-character string pointed to by \fIs1\fP and the
wide-character string pointed to by \fIs2\fP, but at most \fIn\fP wide
characters from each string.
In each string, the comparison extends only up
to the first occurrence of a L\'\\0\' character, if any.
to the first occurrence of a L\(aq\\0\(aq character, if any.
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
The
.BR wcsncmp ()

7
man3/wcsncpy.3
View File

@ -27,17 +27,18 @@ function is the wide-character equivalent of the
.BR strncpy (3)
function.
It copies at most \fIn\fP wide characters from the wide-character
string pointed to by \fIsrc\fP, including the terminating L\'\\0\' character,
string pointed to by \fIsrc\fP,
including the terminating L\(aq\\0\(aq character,
to the array pointed to by \fIdest\fP.
Exactly \fIn\fP wide characters are
written at \fIdest\fP.
If the length \fIwcslen(src)\fP is smaller than \fIn\fP,
the remaining wide characters in the array
pointed to by \fIdest\fP are filled
with L\'\\0\' characters.
with L\(aq\\0\(aq characters.
If the length \fIwcslen(src)\fP is greater or equal
to \fIn\fP, the string pointed to by \fIdest\fP
will not be L\'\\0\' terminated.
will not be L\(aq\\0\(aq terminated.
.PP
The strings may not overlap.
.PP

4
man3/wcsnlen.3
View File

@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ of the
.BR strnlen (3)
function.
It returns the number of wide-characters in the string pointed to by
\fIs\fP, not including the terminating L\'\\0\' character, but at most
\fIs\fP, not including the terminating L\(aq\\0\(aq character, but at most
\fImaxlen\fP.
In doing this,
.BR wcsnlen ()
@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ wide-characters at \fIs\fP and never beyond \fIs+maxlen\fP.
The
.BR wcsnlen ()
function returns \fIwcslen(s)\fP, if that is less than
\fImaxlen\fP, or \fImaxlen\fP if there is no L\'\\0\' character among the
\fImaxlen\fP, or \fImaxlen\fP if there is no L\(aq\\0\(aq character among the
first \fImaxlen\fP wide characters pointed to by \fIs\fP.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
This function is a GNU extension.

6
man3/wcsnrtombs.3
View File

@ -58,17 +58,17 @@ is returned,
and \fIerrno\fP is set to \fBEILSEQ\fP.
.PP
2. \fInwc\fP wide characters have been
converted without encountering a L\'\\0\',
converted without encountering a L\(aq\\0\(aq,
or the length limit forces a stop.
In this case \fI*src\fP is left pointing
to the next wide character to be converted, and the number of bytes written
to \fIdest\fP is returned.
.PP
3. The wide-character string has been completely converted, including the
terminating L\'\\0\' (which has the side effect of bringing back \fI*ps\fP
terminating L\(aq\\0\(aq (which has the side effect of bringing back \fI*ps\fP
to the initial state).
In this case \fI*src\fP is set to NULL, and the number
of bytes written to \fIdest\fP, excluding the terminating \'\\0\' byte, is
of bytes written to \fIdest\fP, excluding the terminating \(aq\\0\(aq byte, is
returned.
.PP
If \fIdest\fP is NULL, \fIlen\fP is ignored,

4
man3/wcsrtombs.3
View File

@ -57,10 +57,10 @@ and the number of bytes written to
\fIdest\fP is returned.
.PP
3. The wide-character string has been completely converted, including the
terminating L\'\\0\' (which has the side effect of bringing back \fI*ps\fP
terminating L\(aq\\0\(aq (which has the side effect of bringing back \fI*ps\fP
to the initial state).
In this case \fI*src\fP is set to NULL, and the number
of bytes written to \fIdest\fP, excluding the terminating \'\\0\' byte, is
of bytes written to \fIdest\fP, excluding the terminating \(aq\\0\(aq byte, is
returned.
.PP
If \fIdest\fP is NULL, \fIlen\fP is ignored,

2
man3/wcsstr.3
View File

@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ function is the wide-character equivalent of the
.BR strstr (3)
function.
It searches for the first occurrence of the wide-character string
\fIneedle\fP (without its terminating L\'\\0\' character) as a substring in
\fIneedle\fP (without its terminating L\(aq\\0\(aq character) as a substring in
the wide-character string \fIhaystack\fP.
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
The

3
man3/wcstok.3
View File

@ -48,7 +48,8 @@ Otherwise, the
function recognizes the beginning of a token
and returns a pointer to it, but before doing that, it zero-terminates the
token by replacing the next wide-character which occurs in \fIdelim\fP with
a L\'\\0\' character, and it updates \fI*ptr\fP so that subsequent calls will
a L\(aq\\0\(aq character,
and it updates \fI*ptr\fP so that subsequent calls will
continue searching after the end of recognized token.
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
The

6
man3/wcstombs.3
View File

@ -42,10 +42,10 @@ In this case the number of bytes written to
\fIdest\fP is returned, but the shift state at this point is lost.
.PP
3. The wide-character string has been completely converted, including the
terminating L\'\\0\'.
terminating L\(aq\\0\(aq.
In this case the conversion ends in the initial state.
The number of bytes written to \fIdest\fP, excluding the terminating \'\\0\'
byte, is returned.
The number of bytes written to \fIdest\fP,
excluding the terminating \(aq\\0\(aq byte, is returned.
.PP
The programmer must ensure that there is room for at least \fIn\fP bytes
at \fIdest\fP.

2
man3/wcwidth.3
View File

@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ function returns the number of columns
needed to represent the wide character \fIc\fP.
If \fIc\fP is a printable wide character, the value
is at least 0.
If \fIc\fP is L\'\\0\', the value is 0.
If \fIc\fP is L\(aq\\0\(aq, the value is 0.
Otherwise \-1 is returned.
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
The

6
man4/console_codes.4
View File

@ -306,8 +306,8 @@ where \fIx,y\fP is the cursor location.
.\"
These are not described in ECMA-48.
We list the Set Mode sequences;
the Reset Mode sequences are obtained by replacing the final \'h\'
by \'l\'.
the Reset Mode sequences are obtained by replacing the final \(aqh\(aq
by \(aql\(aq.
.TP
ESC [ ? 1 h
DECCKM (default off): When set, the cursor keys send an ESC O prefix,
@ -418,7 +418,7 @@ daemon.
The mouse tracking escape sequences generated by
\fIxterm\fP encode numeric parameters in a single character as
\fIvalue\fP+040.
For example, \'!\' is 1.
For example, \(aq!\(aq is 1.
The screen coordinate system is 1-based.
.PP
The X10 compatibility mode sends an escape sequence on button press

2
man4/dsp56k.4
View File

@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ Allowed values are in the range 1 to 4,
and is the number of bytes that will be received at a time from the
DSP56001.
These data quantities will either truncated, or padded with
a null byte (\'\\0\') to fit the native 24-bit data format of the DSP56001.
a null byte (\(aq\\0\(aq) to fit the native 24-bit data format of the DSP56001.
.IP \fBDSP56K_HOST_FLAGS\fP
read and write the host flags.
The host flags are four

4
man4/mouse.4
View File

@ -47,9 +47,9 @@ This is the specification, in fact 9 V suffices with most mice.
.PP
The mouse driver can recognize a mouse by dropping RTS to low and raising
it again.
About 14 ms later the mouse will send 0x4D (\'M\') on the data line.
About 14 ms later the mouse will send 0x4D (\(aqM\(aq) on the data line.
After a further 63 ms, a Microsoft-compatible 3-button mouse will send
0x33 (\'3\').
0x33 (\(aq3\(aq).
.PP
The relative mouse movement is sent as \fIdx\fP (positive means right)
and \fIdy\fP (positive means down).

9
man4/tty_ioctl.4
View File

@ -292,7 +292,7 @@ otherwise).
In packet mode, each subsequent
.BR read (2)
will return a packet that either contains a single non-zero control byte,
or has a single byte containing zero (\'\0\') followed by data
or has a single byte containing zero (\(aq\0\(aq) followed by data
written on the slave side of the pty.
If the first byte is not
.B TIOCPKT_DATA
@ -304,9 +304,9 @@ TIOCPKT_FLUSHREAD The read queue for the terminal is flushed.
TIOCPKT_FLUSHWRITE The write queue for the terminal is flushed.
TIOCPKT_STOP Output to the terminal is stopped.
TIOCPKT_START Output to the terminal is restarted.
TIOCPKT_DOSTOP t_stopc is \'^S\' and t_startc is \'^Q\'.
TIOCPKT_DOSTOP t_stopc is \(aq^S\(aq and t_startc is \(aq^Q\(aq.
TIOCPKT_NOSTOP The start and stop characters are not
\'^S\'/\'^Q\'.
\(aq^S\(aq/\(aq^Q\(aq.
.fi
While this mode is in use, the presence
@ -319,7 +319,8 @@ This mode is used by
.BR rlogin (1)
and
.BR rlogind (8)
to implement a remote-echoed, locally \`^S\'/\'^Q\' flow-controlled remote login.
to implement a remote-echoed,
locally \`^S\(aq/\(aq^Q\(aq flow-controlled remote login.
The BSD ioctls
.BR TIOCSTOP ,

2
man4/vcs.4
View File

@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ main(void)
if (attrib & mask)
ch |= 0x100;
attrib = ((s & ~mask) >> 8);
printf("ch=\'%c\' attrib=0x%02x\\n", ch, attrib);
printf("ch=\(aq%c\(aq attrib=0x%02x\\n", ch, attrib);
attrib ^= 0x10;
(void) lseek(fd, \-1, 1);
(void) write(fd, &attrib, 1);

2
man5/core.5
View File

@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ core filename, as is the combination of a % followed by any
character other than those listed above.
All other characters in the template become a literal
part of the core filename.
The template may include \'/\' characters, which are interpreted
The template may include \(aq/\(aq characters, which are interpreted
as delimiters for directory names.
The maximum size of the resulting core filename is 64 bytes.
The default value in this file is "core".

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