2005-06-07 12:35:32 +00:00
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'\" t
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2007-09-20 06:52:22 +00:00
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.\" Copyright (c) 2005 by Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
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2005-06-07 12:35:32 +00:00
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.\"
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intro.1, _exit.2, access.2, alarm.2, alloc_hugepages.2, arch_prctl.2, bind.2, chdir.2, chmod.2, chown.2, chroot.2, clock_getres.2, clock_nanosleep.2, close.2, connect.2, delete_module.2, dup.2, execve.2, exit_group.2, faccessat.2, fchmodat.2, fchownat.2, fcntl.2, fork.2, fstatat.2, fsync.2, futimesat.2, get_robust_list.2, getdents.2, getdomainname.2, getgid.2, getgroups.2, gethostname.2, getpagesize.2, getpid.2, getresuid.2, getrlimit.2, getrusage.2, gettid.2, gettimeofday.2, getuid.2, getunwind.2, idle.2, init_module.2, intro.2, iopl.2, kcmp.2, kexec_load.2, kill.2, link.2, linkat.2, llseek.2, lookup_dcookie.2, madvise.2, mincore.2, mkdirat.2, mknodat.2, mmap.2, mmap2.2, mount.2, mprotect.2, mq_getsetattr.2, msgctl.2, msgget.2, msgop.2, msync.2, nice.2, open.2, openat.2, pause.2, perfmonctl.2, personality.2, pipe.2, poll.2, posix_fadvise.2, prctl.2, pread.2, process_vm_readv.2, quotactl.2, read.2, readahead.2, readdir.2, readlinkat.2, readv.2, reboot.2, recvmmsg.2, remap_file_pages.2, rename.2, renameat.2, rmdir.2, rt_sigqueueinfo.2, select.2, select_tut.2, semctl.2, semget.2, semop.2, sendmmsg.2, set_tid_address.2, seteuid.2, setfsgid.2, setfsuid.2, setgid.2, setresuid.2, setuid.2, setup.2, sgetmask.2, shmctl.2, shmget.2, shmop.2, sigaction.2, sigaltstack.2, signal.2, sigpending.2, sigprocmask.2, sigreturn.2, sigsuspend.2, sigwaitinfo.2, splice.2, stat.2, statfs.2, stime.2, subpage_prot.2, swapon.2, symlink.2, symlinkat.2, sync.2, sync_file_range.2, syscalls.2, sysctl.2, sysfs.2, syslog.2, tee.2, time.2, timer_create.2, timer_delete.2, timer_getoverrun.2, timer_settime.2, times.2, tkill.2, umask.2, umount.2, uname.2, unlink.2, unlinkat.2, uselib.2, ustat.2, utime.2, utimensat.2, vfork.2, vhangup.2, vm86.2, vmsplice.2, wait.2, wait4.2, write.2, CPU_SET.3, INFINITY.3, abort.3, abs.3, acos.3, acosh.3, adjtime.3, aio_init.3, asin.3, asinh.3, asprintf.3, assert.3, assert_perror.3, atan.3, atan2.3, atanh.3, atexit.3, atof.3, atoi.3, basename.3, bcmp.3, bcopy.3, bindresvport.3, bsd_signal.3, bsearch.3, bstring.3, byteorder.3, bzero.3, catgets.3, catopen.3, cbrt.3, ceil.3, clearenv.3, clock.3, clock_getcpuclockid.3, closedir.3, confstr.3, copysign.3, cos.3, cosh.3, ctermid.3, ctime.3, difftime.3, dirfd.3, div.3, dl_iterate_phdr.3, dprintf.3, drand48.3, drand48_r.3, dysize.3, ecvt.3, ecvt_r.3, end.3, endian.3, erf.3, erfc.3, ether_aton.3, euidaccess.3, exit.3, exp.3, exp10.3, exp2.3, expm1.3, fabs.3, fcloseall.3, fexecve.3, ffs.3, fgetgrent.3, fgetpwent.3, finite.3, flockfile.3, floor.3, fmod.3, fnmatch.3, fopencookie.3, fpathconf.3, fpurge.3, frexp.3, fseeko.3, ftok.3, futimes.3, gcvt.3, get_nprocs_conf.3, getaddrinfo.3, getaddrinfo_a.3, getauxval.3, getcontext.3, getcwd.3, getdate.3, getdirentries.3, getdtablesize.3, getenv.3, getfsent.3, getgrent.3, getgrnam.3, getgrouplist.3, gethostbyname.3, gethostid.3, getifaddrs.3, getipnodebyname.3, getline.3, getlogin.3, getmntent.3, getnetent.3, getnetent_r.3, getopt.3, getprotoent.3, getprotoent_r.3, getpw.3, getpwent.3, getpwnam.3, getrpcent_r.3, gets.3, getservent.3, getservent_r.3, getumask.3, getusershell.3, getutmp.3, getw.3, glob.3, gnu_get_libc_version.3, gsignal.3, hypot.3, if_nameindex.3, if_nametoindex.3, ilogb.3, index.3, inet.3, inet_ntop.3, inet_pton.3, infnan.3, initgroups.3, insque.3, intro.3, isalpha.3, isatty.3, j0.3, ldexp.3, localeconv.3, log.3, log10.3, log1p.3, log2.3, logb.3, lrint.3, lround.3, lsearch.3, lseek64.3, makecontext.3, makedev.3, mallinfo.3, malloc.3, malloc_get_state.3, malloc_info.3, malloc_stats.3, malloc_trim.3, malloc_usable_size.3, mallopt.3, matherr.3, mcheck.3, memccpy.3, memchr.3, memcmp.3, memcpy.3, memfrob.3, memmem.3, memmove.3, memset.3, mkdtemp.3, mkfifo.3, mkfifoat.3, mkstemp.3, mktemp.3, modf.3, mq_close.3, mq_getattr.3, mq_notify.3, mq_open.3, mq_receive.3, mq_send.3, mq_unlink.3, mtrace.3, on_exit.3, opendir.3, posix_fallocate.3, posix_memalign.3, posix_openpt.3, pow.3, pow10.3, profil.3, psignal.3, pthread_attr_init.3, pthread_attr_setaffinity_np.3, pthread_attr_setdetachstate.3, pthread_attr_setguardsize.3, pthread_attr_setinheritsched.3, pthread_attr_setschedparam.3, pthread_attr_setschedpolicy.3, pthread_attr_setscope.3, pthread_attr_setstack.3, pthread_attr_setstackaddr.3, pthread_attr_setstacksize.3, pthread_cancel.3, pthread_cleanup_push.3, pthread_cleanup_push_defer_np.3, pthread_create.3, pthread_detach.3, pthread_equal.3, pthread_exit.3, pthread_getattr_np.3, pthread_getcpuclockid.3, pthread_join.3, pthread_kill.3, pthread_kill_other_threads_np.3, pthread_self.3, pthread_setaffinity_np.3, pthread_setcancelstate.3, pthread_setconcurrency.3, pthread_setname_np.3, pthread_setschedparam.3, pthread_setschedprio.3, pthread_sigmask.3, pthread_sigqueue.3, pthread_testcancel.3, pthread_tryjoin_np.3, pthread_yield.3, putenv.3, putpwent.3, puts.3, qecvt.3, qsort.3, raise.3, rand.3, random.3, random_r.3, re_comp.3, readdir.3, realpath.3, regex.3, remainder.3, remove.3, resolver.3, rewinddir.3, rint.3, round.3, scalb.3, scalbln.3, scandir.3, sched_getcpu.3, seekdir.3, sem_close.3, sem_destroy.3, sem_getvalue.3, sem_init.3, sem_open.3, sem_post.3, sem_unlink.3, sem_wait.3, setenv.3, setlocale.3, setlogmask.3, shm_open.3, siginterrupt.3, sigpause.3, sigqueue.3, sigset.3, sigsetops.3, sigvec.3, sigwait.3, sin.3, sinh.3, sleep.3, sockatmark.3, sqrt.3, statvfs.3, stdio_ext.3, stpcpy.3, strcasecmp.3, strcat.3, strchr.3, strcmp.3, strcoll.3, strcpy.3, strdup.3, strerror.3, strfry.3, strftime.3, string.3, strlen.3, strpbrk.3, strptime.3, strsep.3, strsignal.3, strspn.3, strstr.3, strtok.3, strtol.3, strtoul.3, strverscmp.3, strxfrm.3, swab.3, sysconf.3, syslog.3, system.3, sysv_signal.3, tan.3, tanh.3, tcgetpgrp.3, tcgetsid.3, telldir.3, tempnam.3, timegm.3, timeradd.3, tmpfile.3, tmpnam.3, toascii.3, toupper.3, trunc.3, tsearch.3, ttyslot.3, tzset.3, ulimit.3, undocumented.3, unlocked_stdio.3, usleep.3, y0.3, cpuid.4, full.4, initrd.4, mouse.4, msr.4, sd.4, st.4, acct.5, core.5, services.5, slabinfo.5, aio.7, capabilities.7, credentials.7, feature_test_macros.7, hier.7, inotify.7, libc.7, locale.7, man-pages.7, man.7, math_error.7, mq_overview.7, numa.7, path_resolution.7, pipe.7, pthreads.7, pty.7, rtld-audit.7, sem_overview.7, shm_overview.7, sigevent.7, signal.7, suffixes.7, svipc.7, termio.7, time.7, udplite.7, units.7, uri.7, sln.8: s/LICENSE_START(verbatim)/LICENSE_START(VERBATIM)/
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2013-03-10 09:29:01 +00:00
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.\" %%%LICENSE_START(VERBATIM)
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2005-06-07 12:35:32 +00:00
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.\" Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
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.\" manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
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.\" preserved on all copies.
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.\"
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.\" Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
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.\" manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the
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.\" entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a
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.\" permission notice identical to this one.
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2005-06-08 13:27:21 +00:00
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.\"
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2005-06-07 12:35:32 +00:00
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.\" Since the Linux kernel and libraries are constantly changing, this
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.\" manual page may be incorrect or out-of-date. The author(s) assume no
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.\" responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from
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2007-10-23 14:33:53 +00:00
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.\" the use of the information contained herein. The author(s) may not
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.\" have taken the same level of care in the production of this manual,
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.\" which is licensed free of charge, as they might when working
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.\" professionally.
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2005-06-08 13:27:21 +00:00
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.\"
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2005-06-07 12:35:32 +00:00
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.\" Formatted or processed versions of this manual, if unaccompanied by
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.\" the source, must acknowledge the copyright and authors of this work.
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intro.1, _exit.2, access.2, alarm.2, alloc_hugepages.2, arch_prctl.2, bind.2, chdir.2, chmod.2, chown.2, chroot.2, clock_getres.2, clock_nanosleep.2, close.2, connect.2, delete_module.2, dup.2, execve.2, exit_group.2, faccessat.2, fchmodat.2, fchownat.2, fcntl.2, fork.2, fstatat.2, fsync.2, futimesat.2, get_robust_list.2, getdents.2, getdomainname.2, getgid.2, getgroups.2, gethostname.2, getpagesize.2, getpid.2, getresuid.2, getrlimit.2, getrusage.2, gettid.2, gettimeofday.2, getuid.2, getunwind.2, idle.2, init_module.2, intro.2, iopl.2, kcmp.2, kexec_load.2, kill.2, link.2, linkat.2, llseek.2, lookup_dcookie.2, madvise.2, mincore.2, mkdirat.2, mknodat.2, mmap.2, mmap2.2, mount.2, mprotect.2, mq_getsetattr.2, msgctl.2, msgget.2, msgop.2, msync.2, nice.2, open.2, openat.2, pause.2, perfmonctl.2, personality.2, pipe.2, poll.2, posix_fadvise.2, prctl.2, pread.2, process_vm_readv.2, quotactl.2, read.2, readahead.2, readdir.2, readlinkat.2, readv.2, reboot.2, recvmmsg.2, remap_file_pages.2, rename.2, renameat.2, rmdir.2, rt_sigqueueinfo.2, select.2, select_tut.2, semctl.2, semget.2, semop.2, sendmmsg.2, set_tid_address.2, seteuid.2, setfsgid.2, setfsuid.2, setgid.2, setresuid.2, setuid.2, setup.2, sgetmask.2, shmctl.2, shmget.2, shmop.2, sigaction.2, sigaltstack.2, signal.2, sigpending.2, sigprocmask.2, sigreturn.2, sigsuspend.2, sigwaitinfo.2, splice.2, stat.2, statfs.2, stime.2, subpage_prot.2, swapon.2, symlink.2, symlinkat.2, sync.2, sync_file_range.2, syscalls.2, sysctl.2, sysfs.2, syslog.2, tee.2, time.2, timer_create.2, timer_delete.2, timer_getoverrun.2, timer_settime.2, times.2, tkill.2, umask.2, umount.2, uname.2, unlink.2, unlinkat.2, uselib.2, ustat.2, utime.2, utimensat.2, vfork.2, vhangup.2, vm86.2, vmsplice.2, wait.2, wait4.2, write.2, CPU_SET.3, INFINITY.3, abort.3, abs.3, acos.3, acosh.3, adjtime.3, aio_init.3, asin.3, asinh.3, asprintf.3, assert.3, assert_perror.3, atan.3, atan2.3, atanh.3, atexit.3, atof.3, atoi.3, basename.3, bcmp.3, bcopy.3, bindresvport.3, bsd_signal.3, bsearch.3, bstring.3, byteorder.3, bzero.3, catgets.3, catopen.3, cbrt.3, ceil.3, clearenv.3, clock.3, clock_getcpuclockid.3, closedir.3, confstr.3, copysign.3, cos.3, cosh.3, ctermid.3, ctime.3, difftime.3, dirfd.3, div.3, dl_iterate_phdr.3, dprintf.3, drand48.3, drand48_r.3, dysize.3, ecvt.3, ecvt_r.3, end.3, endian.3, erf.3, erfc.3, ether_aton.3, euidaccess.3, exit.3, exp.3, exp10.3, exp2.3, expm1.3, fabs.3, fcloseall.3, fexecve.3, ffs.3, fgetgrent.3, fgetpwent.3, finite.3, flockfile.3, floor.3, fmod.3, fnmatch.3, fopencookie.3, fpathconf.3, fpurge.3, frexp.3, fseeko.3, ftok.3, futimes.3, gcvt.3, get_nprocs_conf.3, getaddrinfo.3, getaddrinfo_a.3, getauxval.3, getcontext.3, getcwd.3, getdate.3, getdirentries.3, getdtablesize.3, getenv.3, getfsent.3, getgrent.3, getgrnam.3, getgrouplist.3, gethostbyname.3, gethostid.3, getifaddrs.3, getipnodebyname.3, getline.3, getlogin.3, getmntent.3, getnetent.3, getnetent_r.3, getopt.3, getprotoent.3, getprotoent_r.3, getpw.3, getpwent.3, getpwnam.3, getrpcent_r.3, gets.3, getservent.3, getservent_r.3, getumask.3, getusershell.3, getutmp.3, getw.3, glob.3, gnu_get_libc_version.3, gsignal.3, hypot.3, if_nameindex.3, if_nametoindex.3, ilogb.3, index.3, inet.3, inet_ntop.3, inet_pton.3, infnan.3, initgroups.3, insque.3, intro.3, isalpha.3, isatty.3, j0.3, ldexp.3, localeconv.3, log.3, log10.3, log1p.3, log2.3, logb.3, lrint.3, lround.3, lsearch.3, lseek64.3, makecontext.3, makedev.3, mallinfo.3, malloc.3, malloc_get_state.3, malloc_info.3, malloc_stats.3, malloc_trim.3, malloc_usable_size.3, mallopt.3, matherr.3, mcheck.3, memccpy.3, memchr.3, memcmp.3, memcpy.3, memfrob.3, memmem.3, memmove.3, memset.3, mkdtemp.3, mkfifo.3, mkfifoat.3, mkstemp.3, mktemp.3, modf.3, mq_close.3, mq_getattr.3, mq_notify.3, mq_open.3, mq_receive.3, mq_send.3, mq_unlink.3, mtrace.3, on_exit.3, opendir.3, posix_fallocate.3, posix_memalign.3, posix_openpt.3, pow.3, pow10.3, profil.3, psignal.3, pthread_attr_init.3, pthread_attr_setaffinity_np.3, pthread_attr_setdetachstate.3, pthread_attr_setguardsize.3, pthread_attr_setinheritsched.3, pthread_attr_setschedparam.3, pthread_attr_setschedpolicy.3, pthread_attr_setscope.3, pthread_attr_setstack.3, pthread_attr_setstackaddr.3, pthread_attr_setstacksize.3, pthread_cancel.3, pthread_cleanup_push.3, pthread_cleanup_push_defer_np.3, pthread_create.3, pthread_detach.3, pthread_equal.3, pthread_exit.3, pthread_getattr_np.3, pthread_getcpuclockid.3, pthread_join.3, pthread_kill.3, pthread_kill_other_threads_np.3, pthread_self.3, pthread_setaffinity_np.3, pthread_setcancelstate.3, pthread_setconcurrency.3, pthread_setname_np.3, pthread_setschedparam.3, pthread_setschedprio.3, pthread_sigmask.3, pthread_sigqueue.3, pthread_testcancel.3, pthread_tryjoin_np.3, pthread_yield.3, putenv.3, putpwent.3, puts.3, qecvt.3, qsort.3, raise.3, rand.3, random.3, random_r.3, re_comp.3, readdir.3, realpath.3, regex.3, remainder.3, remove.3, resolver.3, rewinddir.3, rint.3, round.3, scalb.3, scalbln.3, scandir.3, sched_getcpu.3, seekdir.3, sem_close.3, sem_destroy.3, sem_getvalue.3, sem_init.3, sem_open.3, sem_post.3, sem_unlink.3, sem_wait.3, setenv.3, setlocale.3, setlogmask.3, shm_open.3, siginterrupt.3, sigpause.3, sigqueue.3, sigset.3, sigsetops.3, sigvec.3, sigwait.3, sin.3, sinh.3, sleep.3, sockatmark.3, sqrt.3, statvfs.3, stdio_ext.3, stpcpy.3, strcasecmp.3, strcat.3, strchr.3, strcmp.3, strcoll.3, strcpy.3, strdup.3, strerror.3, strfry.3, strftime.3, string.3, strlen.3, strpbrk.3, strptime.3, strsep.3, strsignal.3, strspn.3, strstr.3, strtok.3, strtol.3, strtoul.3, strverscmp.3, strxfrm.3, swab.3, sysconf.3, syslog.3, system.3, sysv_signal.3, tan.3, tanh.3, tcgetpgrp.3, tcgetsid.3, telldir.3, tempnam.3, timegm.3, timeradd.3, tmpfile.3, tmpnam.3, toascii.3, toupper.3, trunc.3, tsearch.3, ttyslot.3, tzset.3, ulimit.3, undocumented.3, unlocked_stdio.3, usleep.3, y0.3, cpuid.4, full.4, initrd.4, mouse.4, msr.4, sd.4, st.4, acct.5, core.5, services.5, slabinfo.5, aio.7, capabilities.7, credentials.7, feature_test_macros.7, hier.7, inotify.7, libc.7, locale.7, man-pages.7, man.7, math_error.7, mq_overview.7, numa.7, path_resolution.7, pipe.7, pthreads.7, pty.7, rtld-audit.7, sem_overview.7, shm_overview.7, sigevent.7, signal.7, suffixes.7, svipc.7, termio.7, time.7, udplite.7, units.7, uri.7, sln.8: Global fix: Add LICENSE_START(verbatim)
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2013-03-10 09:28:40 +00:00
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.\" %%%LICENSE_END
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2005-06-07 12:35:32 +00:00
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.\"
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chown.2, fcntl.2, futex.2, recvmmsg.2, sched_setscheduler.2, semget.2, shmget.2, malloc.3, pthread_attr_setinheritsched.3, pthread_attr_setschedparam.3, pthread_attr_setschedpolicy.3, pthread_setaffinity_np.3, strcpy.3, capabilities.7, cpuset.7, credentials.7, pthreads.7: tstamp
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2014-05-21 11:15:30 +00:00
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.TH PTHREADS 7 2014-05-21 "Linux" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
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2005-06-07 12:35:32 +00:00
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.SH NAME
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pthreads \- POSIX threads
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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2005-06-08 13:27:21 +00:00
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POSIX.1 specifies a set of interfaces (functions, header files) for
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2005-06-07 12:35:32 +00:00
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threaded programming commonly known as POSIX threads, or Pthreads.
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2005-06-08 13:27:21 +00:00
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A single process can contain multiple threads,
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2005-06-07 12:35:32 +00:00
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all of which are executing the same program.
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These threads share the same global memory (data and heap segments),
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but each thread has its own stack (automatic variables).
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POSIX.1 also requires that threads share a range of other attributes
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(i.e., these attributes are process-wide rather than per-thread):
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.IP \- 3
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process ID
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.IP \- 3
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parent process ID
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.IP \- 3
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process group ID and session ID
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.IP \- 3
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controlling terminal
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.IP \- 3
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user and group IDs
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.IP \- 3
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open file descriptors
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.IP \- 3
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record locks (see
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.BR fcntl (2))
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.IP \- 3
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signal dispositions
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.IP \- 3
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file mode creation mask
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.RB ( umask (2))
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.IP \- 3
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2005-06-08 13:27:21 +00:00
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current directory
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2005-06-07 12:35:32 +00:00
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.RB ( chdir (2))
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and
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root directory
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.RB ( chroot (2))
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.IP \- 3
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interval timers
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.RB ( setitimer (2))
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and POSIX timers
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clock_nanosleep.2, execve.2, fork.2, nanosleep.2, sigaction.2, timerfd_create.2, pthread_getcpuclockid.3, ualarm.3, usleep.3, pthreads.7, time.7: Global fix: s/(3)/(2)/ in section number xrefs for timer_*() API
The POSIX timers API is implemented (mostly) within the kernel,
so thse interfaces are system calls. Although there are as yet
no man pages, when they are added they should be in Section 2,
not 3. Therefore fix those pages that currently refer to these
interfaces as being in Section 3.
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2009-02-07 20:21:03 +00:00
|
|
|
.RB ( timer_create (2))
|
2005-06-07 12:35:32 +00:00
|
|
|
.IP \- 3
|
|
|
|
nice value
|
|
|
|
.RB ( setpriority (2))
|
|
|
|
.IP \- 3
|
|
|
|
resource limits
|
|
|
|
.RB ( setrlimit (2))
|
|
|
|
.IP \- 3
|
2005-06-08 13:27:21 +00:00
|
|
|
measurements of the consumption of CPU time
|
2005-06-07 12:35:32 +00:00
|
|
|
.RB ( times (2))
|
2005-06-08 13:27:21 +00:00
|
|
|
and resources
|
2005-06-07 12:35:32 +00:00
|
|
|
.RB ( getrusage (2))
|
|
|
|
.PP
|
|
|
|
As well as the stack, POSIX.1 specifies that various other
|
|
|
|
attributes are distinct for each thread, including:
|
|
|
|
.IP \- 3
|
|
|
|
thread ID (the
|
|
|
|
.I pthread_t
|
|
|
|
data type)
|
|
|
|
.IP \- 3
|
|
|
|
signal mask
|
2007-05-11 23:29:44 +00:00
|
|
|
.RB ( pthread_sigmask (3))
|
2005-06-07 12:35:32 +00:00
|
|
|
.IP \- 3
|
|
|
|
the
|
|
|
|
.I errno
|
|
|
|
variable
|
|
|
|
.IP \- 3
|
2005-06-08 13:27:21 +00:00
|
|
|
alternate signal stack
|
2005-06-07 12:35:32 +00:00
|
|
|
.RB ( sigaltstack (2))
|
|
|
|
.IP \- 3
|
|
|
|
real-time scheduling policy and priority
|
2014-05-14 07:19:55 +00:00
|
|
|
.RB ( sched (7))
|
2005-06-07 12:35:32 +00:00
|
|
|
.PP
|
|
|
|
The following Linux-specific features are also per-thread:
|
|
|
|
.IP \- 3
|
|
|
|
capabilities (see
|
|
|
|
.BR capabilities (7))
|
|
|
|
.IP \- 3
|
2005-06-08 13:27:21 +00:00
|
|
|
CPU affinity
|
2005-06-07 12:35:32 +00:00
|
|
|
.RB ( sched_setaffinity (2))
|
intro.1, time.1, _syscall.2, accept.2, capget.2, clone.2, execve.2, fcntl.2, intro.2, ioctl_list.2, ioprio_set.2, kill.2, mlock.2, nanosleep.2, perf_event_open.2, select.2, stat.2, times.2, ustat.2, vfork.2, wait.2, cfree.3, dbopen.3, dlopen.3, fenv.3, fmtmsg.3, gamma.3, getaddrinfo.3, gethostbyname.3, getnameinfo.3, getspnam.3, login.3, printf.3, regex.3, stdio.3, sysconf.3, termios.3, ttyslot.3, undocumented.3, wordexp.3, console_codes.4, initrd.4, mouse.4, random.4, st.4, tty_ioctl.4, wavelan.4, charmap.5, dir_colors.5, hosts.5, termcap.5, armscii-8.7, boot.7, bootparam.7, capabilities.7, charsets.7, ddp.7, futex.7, glob.7, ipv6.7, iso_8859-1.7, iso_8859-10.7, iso_8859-11.7, iso_8859-13.7, iso_8859-14.7, iso_8859-15.7, iso_8859-16.7, iso_8859-2.7, iso_8859-3.7, iso_8859-4.7, iso_8859-5.7, iso_8859-6.7, iso_8859-7.7, iso_8859-8.7, iso_8859-9.7, koi8-r.7, koi8-u.7, man.7, numa.7, path_resolution.7, pipe.7, posixoptions.7, pthreads.7, pty.7, rtnetlink.7, signal.7, time.7, udp.7, udplite.7, unicode.7, uri.7, utf-8.7: G;lobal fix: remove unneeded double quotes in .SS headings
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2013-02-24 18:02:18 +00:00
|
|
|
.SS Pthreads function return values
|
2008-11-06 14:39:07 +00:00
|
|
|
Most pthreads functions return 0 on success, and an error number of failure.
|
2008-10-17 19:27:28 +00:00
|
|
|
Note that the pthreads functions do not set
|
|
|
|
.IR errno .
|
|
|
|
For each of the pthreads functions that can return an error,
|
|
|
|
POSIX.1-2001 specifies that the function can never fail with the error
|
|
|
|
.BR EINTR .
|
2008-11-06 14:37:23 +00:00
|
|
|
.SS Thread IDs
|
|
|
|
Each of the threads in a process has a unique thread identifier
|
|
|
|
(stored in the type
|
|
|
|
.IR pthread_t ).
|
|
|
|
This identifier is returned to the caller of
|
|
|
|
.BR pthread_create (3),
|
|
|
|
and a thread can obtain its own thread identifier using
|
|
|
|
.BR pthread_self (3).
|
intro.1, _syscall.2, access.2, arch_prctl.2, cacheflush.2, chown.2, clock_getres.2, clone.2, create_module.2, fcntl.2, flock.2, get_kernel_syms.2, get_robust_list.2, get_thread_area.2, getcpu.2, getpriority.2, getrlimit.2, getrusage.2, ioprio_set.2, kexec_load.2, madvise.2, mbind.2, migrate_pages.2, mknod.2, mmap.2, mount.2, move_pages.2, mprotect.2, open.2, pause.2, pciconfig_read.2, perf_event_open.2, prctl.2, ptrace.2, query_module.2, read.2, reboot.2, recv.2, s390_runtime_instr.2, sched_setscheduler.2, select_tut.2, send.2, set_mempolicy.2, setfsgid.2, setfsuid.2, sigaction.2, spu_create.2, spu_run.2, stime.2, swapon.2, syslog.2, timer_create.2, timer_getoverrun.2, times.2, tkill.2, umount.2, unimplemented.2, ustat.2, vm86.2, wait.2, abs.3, aio_read.3, aio_write.3, bsd_signal.3, catgets.3, clearenv.3, cmsg.3, dbopen.3, dirfd.3, dlopen.3, exec.3, fenv.3, ferror.3, fmemopen.3, fnmatch.3, fopen.3, futimes.3, getaddrinfo.3, getifaddrs.3, getipnodebyname.3, hsearch.3, if_nameindex.3, inet_pton.3, mblen.3, mbrlen.3, mbsrtowcs.3, mbtowc.3, mcheck.3, memfrob.3, mq_notify.3, netlink.3, posix_memalign.3, printf.3, pthread_attr_setscope.3, pthread_cleanup_push.3, pthread_kill_other_threads_np.3, pthread_self.3, pthread_setcancelstate.3, pthread_setconcurrency.3, raise.3, resolver.3, rpc.3, rtime.3, rtnetlink.3, scanf.3, setbuf.3, setnetgrent.3, shm_open.3, sigpause.3, sigset.3, sigwait.3, sockatmark.3, strcasecmp.3, strcmp.3, strdup.3, strftime.3, strptime.3, strsignal.3, strverscmp.3, sysv_signal.3, termios.3, wcrtomb.3, wcsnlen.3, wcsnrtombs.3, wcsrtombs.3, wctomb.3, wprintf.3, console_codes.4, cpuid.4, msr.4, rtc.4, sk98lin.4, st.4, tty.4, charmap.5, core.5, elf.5, hosts.equiv.5, proc.5, resolv.conf.5, services.5, slabinfo.5, arp.7, bootparam.7, capabilities.7, charsets.7, cpuset.7, ddp.7, epoll.7, feature_test_macros.7, futex.7, hier.7, icmp.7, inotify.7, ip.7, ipv6.7, man-pages.7, mdoc.7, mdoc.samples.7, netdevice.7, netlink.7, numa.7, packet.7, path_resolution.7, posixoptions.7, pthreads.7, raw.7, rtld-audit.7, rtnetlink.7, sem_overview.7, sigevent.7, socket.7, spufs.7, tcp.7, udp.7, unicode.7, uri.7, utf-8.7, intro.8, ldconfig.8, sync.8: Global fix: fix placement of word "only"
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2013-03-31 08:53:00 +00:00
|
|
|
Thread IDs are guaranteed to be unique only within a process.
|
2008-11-06 14:37:23 +00:00
|
|
|
A thread ID may be reused after a terminated thread has been joined,
|
|
|
|
or a detached thread has terminated.
|
|
|
|
In all pthreads functions that accept a thread ID as an argument,
|
|
|
|
that ID by definition refers to a thread in
|
|
|
|
the same process as the caller.
|
intro.1, time.1, _syscall.2, accept.2, capget.2, clone.2, execve.2, fcntl.2, intro.2, ioctl_list.2, ioprio_set.2, kill.2, mlock.2, nanosleep.2, perf_event_open.2, select.2, stat.2, times.2, ustat.2, vfork.2, wait.2, cfree.3, dbopen.3, dlopen.3, fenv.3, fmtmsg.3, gamma.3, getaddrinfo.3, gethostbyname.3, getnameinfo.3, getspnam.3, login.3, printf.3, regex.3, stdio.3, sysconf.3, termios.3, ttyslot.3, undocumented.3, wordexp.3, console_codes.4, initrd.4, mouse.4, random.4, st.4, tty_ioctl.4, wavelan.4, charmap.5, dir_colors.5, hosts.5, termcap.5, armscii-8.7, boot.7, bootparam.7, capabilities.7, charsets.7, ddp.7, futex.7, glob.7, ipv6.7, iso_8859-1.7, iso_8859-10.7, iso_8859-11.7, iso_8859-13.7, iso_8859-14.7, iso_8859-15.7, iso_8859-16.7, iso_8859-2.7, iso_8859-3.7, iso_8859-4.7, iso_8859-5.7, iso_8859-6.7, iso_8859-7.7, iso_8859-8.7, iso_8859-9.7, koi8-r.7, koi8-u.7, man.7, numa.7, path_resolution.7, pipe.7, posixoptions.7, pthreads.7, pty.7, rtnetlink.7, signal.7, time.7, udp.7, udplite.7, unicode.7, uri.7, utf-8.7: G;lobal fix: remove unneeded double quotes in .SS headings
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2013-02-24 18:02:18 +00:00
|
|
|
.SS Thread-safe functions
|
2008-05-12 22:20:30 +00:00
|
|
|
A thread-safe function is one that can be safely
|
|
|
|
(i.e., it will deliver the same results regardless of whether it is)
|
|
|
|
called from multiple threads at the same time.
|
|
|
|
|
2008-11-11 15:08:21 +00:00
|
|
|
POSIX.1-2001 and POSIX.1-2008 require that all functions specified
|
|
|
|
in the standard shall be thread-safe,
|
|
|
|
except for the following functions:
|
2008-05-12 22:20:30 +00:00
|
|
|
.in +4n
|
|
|
|
.nf
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
asctime()
|
|
|
|
basename()
|
|
|
|
catgets()
|
|
|
|
crypt()
|
|
|
|
ctermid() if passed a non-NULL argument
|
|
|
|
ctime()
|
|
|
|
dbm_clearerr()
|
|
|
|
dbm_close()
|
|
|
|
dbm_delete()
|
|
|
|
dbm_error()
|
|
|
|
dbm_fetch()
|
|
|
|
dbm_firstkey()
|
|
|
|
dbm_nextkey()
|
|
|
|
dbm_open()
|
|
|
|
dbm_store()
|
|
|
|
dirname()
|
|
|
|
dlerror()
|
|
|
|
drand48()
|
2008-11-11 15:08:21 +00:00
|
|
|
ecvt() [POSIX.1-2001 only (function removed in POSIX.1-2008)]
|
2008-05-12 22:20:30 +00:00
|
|
|
encrypt()
|
|
|
|
endgrent()
|
|
|
|
endpwent()
|
|
|
|
endutxent()
|
2008-11-11 15:08:21 +00:00
|
|
|
fcvt() [POSIX.1-2001 only (function removed in POSIX.1-2008)]
|
2008-05-12 22:20:30 +00:00
|
|
|
ftw()
|
2008-11-11 15:08:21 +00:00
|
|
|
gcvt() [POSIX.1-2001 only (function removed in POSIX.1-2008)]
|
2008-05-12 22:20:30 +00:00
|
|
|
getc_unlocked()
|
|
|
|
getchar_unlocked()
|
|
|
|
getdate()
|
|
|
|
getenv()
|
|
|
|
getgrent()
|
|
|
|
getgrgid()
|
|
|
|
getgrnam()
|
2008-11-11 15:08:21 +00:00
|
|
|
gethostbyaddr() [POSIX.1-2001 only (function removed in POSIX.1-2008)]
|
|
|
|
gethostbyname() [POSIX.1-2001 only (function removed in POSIX.1-2008)]
|
2008-05-12 22:20:30 +00:00
|
|
|
gethostent()
|
|
|
|
getlogin()
|
|
|
|
getnetbyaddr()
|
|
|
|
getnetbyname()
|
|
|
|
getnetent()
|
|
|
|
getopt()
|
|
|
|
getprotobyname()
|
|
|
|
getprotobynumber()
|
|
|
|
getprotoent()
|
|
|
|
getpwent()
|
|
|
|
getpwnam()
|
|
|
|
getpwuid()
|
|
|
|
getservbyname()
|
|
|
|
getservbyport()
|
|
|
|
getservent()
|
|
|
|
getutxent()
|
|
|
|
getutxid()
|
|
|
|
getutxline()
|
|
|
|
gmtime()
|
|
|
|
hcreate()
|
|
|
|
hdestroy()
|
|
|
|
hsearch()
|
|
|
|
inet_ntoa()
|
|
|
|
l64a()
|
|
|
|
lgamma()
|
|
|
|
lgammaf()
|
|
|
|
lgammal()
|
|
|
|
localeconv()
|
|
|
|
localtime()
|
|
|
|
lrand48()
|
|
|
|
mrand48()
|
|
|
|
nftw()
|
|
|
|
nl_langinfo()
|
|
|
|
ptsname()
|
|
|
|
putc_unlocked()
|
|
|
|
putchar_unlocked()
|
|
|
|
putenv()
|
|
|
|
pututxline()
|
|
|
|
rand()
|
|
|
|
readdir()
|
|
|
|
setenv()
|
|
|
|
setgrent()
|
|
|
|
setkey()
|
|
|
|
setpwent()
|
|
|
|
setutxent()
|
|
|
|
strerror()
|
2008-11-11 15:08:21 +00:00
|
|
|
strsignal() [Added in POSIX.1-2008]
|
2008-05-12 22:20:30 +00:00
|
|
|
strtok()
|
2008-11-11 15:08:21 +00:00
|
|
|
system() [Added in POSIX.1-2008]
|
2008-05-12 22:20:30 +00:00
|
|
|
tmpnam() if passed a non-NULL argument
|
|
|
|
ttyname()
|
|
|
|
unsetenv()
|
|
|
|
wcrtomb() if its final argument is NULL
|
|
|
|
wcsrtombs() if its final argument is NULL
|
|
|
|
wcstombs()
|
|
|
|
wctomb()
|
|
|
|
.fi
|
|
|
|
.in
|
2010-11-14 05:55:39 +00:00
|
|
|
.SS Async-cancel-safe functions
|
|
|
|
An async-cancel-safe function is one that can be safely called
|
|
|
|
in an application where asynchronous cancelability is enabled (see
|
|
|
|
.BR pthread_setcancelstate (3)).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Only the following functions are required to be async-cancel-safe by
|
|
|
|
POSIX.1-2001 and POSIX.1-2008:
|
|
|
|
.in +4n
|
|
|
|
.nf
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
pthread_cancel()
|
|
|
|
pthread_setcancelstate()
|
|
|
|
pthread_setcanceltype()
|
|
|
|
.fi
|
|
|
|
.in
|
intro.1, time.1, _syscall.2, accept.2, brk.2, capget.2, faccessat.2, futimesat.2, gethostname.2, intro.2, ioprio_set.2, kill.2, madvise.2, mlock.2, mount.2, msgget.2, perf_event_open.2, poll.2, readv.2, sched_rr_get_interval.2, sched_setscheduler.2, select.2, select_tut.2, shmget.2, stat.2, timer_create.2, ustat.2, vfork.2, wait.2, alloca.3, atexit.3, catopen.3, crypt.3, dbopen.3, fenv.3, fopen.3, getaddrinfo_a.3, gethostbyname.3, getutent.3, intro.3, login.3, mallopt.3, queue.3, regex.3, sigpause.3, sigsetops.3, stdio.3, strftime.3, strptime.3, sysconf.3, ttyslot.3, undocumented.3, cciss.4, console_codes.4, hpsa.4, initrd.4, intro.4, rtc.4, st.4, tty_ioctl.4, wavelan.4, acct.5, charmap.5, dir_colors.5, hosts.5, intro.5, termcap.5, utmp.5, intro.6, armscii-8.7, boot.7, bootparam.7, capabilities.7, cpuset.7, credentials.7, ddp.7, epoll.7, glob.7, intro.7, ip.7, ipv6.7, iso_8859-1.7, iso_8859-10.7, iso_8859-11.7, iso_8859-13.7, iso_8859-14.7, iso_8859-15.7, iso_8859-16.7, iso_8859-2.7, iso_8859-3.7, iso_8859-4.7, iso_8859-5.7, iso_8859-6.7, iso_8859-7.7, iso_8859-8.7, iso_8859-9.7, koi8-r.7, koi8-u.7, man-pages.7, man.7, math_error.7, netlink.7, numa.7, packet.7, path_resolution.7, pipe.7, pthreads.7, raw.7, rtnetlink.7, signal.7, socket.7, spufs.7, svipc.7, tcp.7, time.7, udp.7, udplite.7, unicode.7, unix.7, uri.7, utf-8.7, x25.7, intro.8: Global fix: use consistent capitalization in .SS headings
Capitalization in .SS sections across pages (and sometimes even
within a single page) is wildly inconsistent. Make it consistent.
Capitalize first word in heading, but otherwise use lower case,
except where English usage (e.g., proper nouns) or programming
language requirements (e.g., identifier names) dictate otherwise.
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2013-02-24 14:08:38 +00:00
|
|
|
.SS Cancellation points
|
2008-11-10 17:00:51 +00:00
|
|
|
POSIX.1 specifies that certain functions must,
|
|
|
|
and certain other functions may, be cancellation points.
|
|
|
|
If a thread is cancelable, its cancelability type is deferred,
|
|
|
|
and a cancellation request is pending for the thread,
|
|
|
|
then the thread is canceled when it calls a function
|
|
|
|
that is a cancellation point.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The following functions are required to be cancellation points by
|
|
|
|
POSIX.1-2001 and/or POSIX.1-2008:
|
|
|
|
|
2008-11-24 17:31:35 +00:00
|
|
|
.\" FIXME
|
|
|
|
.\" Document the list of all functions that are cancellation points in glibc
|
2008-11-10 17:00:51 +00:00
|
|
|
.in +4n
|
|
|
|
.nf
|
|
|
|
accept()
|
|
|
|
aio_suspend()
|
|
|
|
clock_nanosleep()
|
|
|
|
close()
|
|
|
|
connect()
|
|
|
|
creat()
|
|
|
|
fcntl() F_SETLKW
|
|
|
|
fdatasync()
|
|
|
|
fsync()
|
|
|
|
getmsg()
|
|
|
|
getpmsg()
|
|
|
|
lockf() F_LOCK
|
|
|
|
mq_receive()
|
|
|
|
mq_send()
|
|
|
|
mq_timedreceive()
|
|
|
|
mq_timedsend()
|
|
|
|
msgrcv()
|
|
|
|
msgsnd()
|
|
|
|
msync()
|
|
|
|
nanosleep()
|
|
|
|
open()
|
|
|
|
openat() [Added in POSIX.1-2008]
|
|
|
|
pause()
|
|
|
|
poll()
|
|
|
|
pread()
|
|
|
|
pselect()
|
|
|
|
pthread_cond_timedwait()
|
|
|
|
pthread_cond_wait()
|
|
|
|
pthread_join()
|
|
|
|
pthread_testcancel()
|
|
|
|
putmsg()
|
|
|
|
putpmsg()
|
|
|
|
pwrite()
|
|
|
|
read()
|
|
|
|
readv()
|
|
|
|
recv()
|
|
|
|
recvfrom()
|
|
|
|
recvmsg()
|
|
|
|
select()
|
|
|
|
sem_timedwait()
|
|
|
|
sem_wait()
|
|
|
|
send()
|
|
|
|
sendmsg()
|
|
|
|
sendto()
|
2008-11-10 19:32:43 +00:00
|
|
|
sigpause() [POSIX.1-2001 only (moves to "may" list in POSIX.1-2008)]
|
2008-11-10 17:00:51 +00:00
|
|
|
sigsuspend()
|
|
|
|
sigtimedwait()
|
|
|
|
sigwait()
|
|
|
|
sigwaitinfo()
|
|
|
|
sleep()
|
|
|
|
system()
|
|
|
|
tcdrain()
|
|
|
|
usleep() [POSIX.1-2001 only (function removed in POSIX.1-2008)]
|
|
|
|
wait()
|
|
|
|
waitid()
|
|
|
|
waitpid()
|
|
|
|
write()
|
|
|
|
writev()
|
|
|
|
.fi
|
|
|
|
.in
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The following functions may be cancellation points according to
|
|
|
|
POSIX.1-2001 and/or POSIX.1-2008:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.in +4n
|
|
|
|
.nf
|
|
|
|
access()
|
|
|
|
asctime()
|
|
|
|
asctime_r()
|
|
|
|
catclose()
|
|
|
|
catgets()
|
|
|
|
catopen()
|
|
|
|
chmod() [Added in POSIX.1-2008]
|
|
|
|
chown() [Added in POSIX.1-2008]
|
|
|
|
closedir()
|
|
|
|
closelog()
|
|
|
|
ctermid()
|
|
|
|
ctime()
|
|
|
|
ctime_r()
|
|
|
|
dbm_close()
|
|
|
|
dbm_delete()
|
|
|
|
dbm_fetch()
|
|
|
|
dbm_nextkey()
|
|
|
|
dbm_open()
|
|
|
|
dbm_store()
|
|
|
|
dlclose()
|
|
|
|
dlopen()
|
|
|
|
dprintf() [Added in POSIX.1-2008]
|
|
|
|
endgrent()
|
|
|
|
endhostent()
|
|
|
|
endnetent()
|
|
|
|
endprotoent()
|
|
|
|
endpwent()
|
|
|
|
endservent()
|
|
|
|
endutxent()
|
|
|
|
faccessat() [Added in POSIX.1-2008]
|
|
|
|
fchmod() [Added in POSIX.1-2008]
|
|
|
|
fchmodat() [Added in POSIX.1-2008]
|
|
|
|
fchown() [Added in POSIX.1-2008]
|
|
|
|
fchownat() [Added in POSIX.1-2008]
|
|
|
|
fclose()
|
|
|
|
fcntl() (for any value of cmd argument)
|
|
|
|
fflush()
|
|
|
|
fgetc()
|
|
|
|
fgetpos()
|
|
|
|
fgets()
|
|
|
|
fgetwc()
|
|
|
|
fgetws()
|
|
|
|
fmtmsg()
|
|
|
|
fopen()
|
|
|
|
fpathconf()
|
|
|
|
fprintf()
|
|
|
|
fputc()
|
|
|
|
fputs()
|
|
|
|
fputwc()
|
|
|
|
fputws()
|
|
|
|
fread()
|
|
|
|
freopen()
|
|
|
|
fscanf()
|
|
|
|
fseek()
|
|
|
|
fseeko()
|
|
|
|
fsetpos()
|
|
|
|
fstat()
|
|
|
|
fstatat() [Added in POSIX.1-2008]
|
|
|
|
ftell()
|
|
|
|
ftello()
|
|
|
|
ftw()
|
|
|
|
futimens() [Added in POSIX.1-2008]
|
|
|
|
fwprintf()
|
|
|
|
fwrite()
|
|
|
|
fwscanf()
|
|
|
|
getaddrinfo()
|
|
|
|
getc()
|
|
|
|
getc_unlocked()
|
|
|
|
getchar()
|
|
|
|
getchar_unlocked()
|
|
|
|
getcwd()
|
|
|
|
getdate()
|
|
|
|
getdelim() [Added in POSIX.1-2008]
|
|
|
|
getgrent()
|
|
|
|
getgrgid()
|
|
|
|
getgrgid_r()
|
|
|
|
getgrnam()
|
|
|
|
getgrnam_r()
|
|
|
|
gethostbyaddr() [SUSv3 only (function removed in POSIX.1-2008)]
|
|
|
|
gethostbyname() [SUSv3 only (function removed in POSIX.1-2008)]
|
|
|
|
gethostent()
|
|
|
|
gethostid()
|
|
|
|
gethostname()
|
|
|
|
getline() [Added in POSIX.1-2008]
|
|
|
|
getlogin()
|
|
|
|
getlogin_r()
|
|
|
|
getnameinfo()
|
|
|
|
getnetbyaddr()
|
|
|
|
getnetbyname()
|
|
|
|
getnetent()
|
intro.1, time.1, adjtimex.2, capget.2, eventfd.2, fcntl.2, getrlimit.2, getsockopt.2, gettimeofday.2, intro.2, ioctl_list.2, ioperm.2, mlock.2, pivot_root.2, poll.2, prctl.2, ptrace.2, sched_setscheduler.2, select_tut.2, semget.2, sigaltstack.2, signalfd.2, sysctl.2, timer_settime.2, timerfd_create.2, wait.2, CPU_SET.3, argz_add.3, assert_perror.3, atexit.3, backtrace.3, bcmp.3, clearenv.3, ctime.3, dl_iterate_phdr.3, dlopen.3, ecvt.3, errno.3, error.3, ether_aton.3, exit.3, fenv.3, ferror.3, finite.3, flockfile.3, fnmatch.3, fpathconf.3, fpclassify.3, ftime.3, ftok.3, ftw.3, fwide.3, getaddrinfo.3, gethostbyname.3, getlogin.3, getnameinfo.3, getnetent.3, getopt.3, getprotoent.3, getrpcent.3, getservent.3, glob.3, hsearch.3, inet.3, isalpha.3, iswalnum.3, iswalpha.3, iswblank.3, iswcntrl.3, iswctype.3, iswdigit.3, iswgraph.3, iswlower.3, iswprint.3, iswpunct.3, iswspace.3, iswupper.3, iswxdigit.3, longjmp.3, lsearch.3, malloc.3, matherr.3, mblen.3, mbsinit.3, mbtowc.3, on_exit.3, printf.3, pthread_attr_init.3, pthread_attr_setaffinity_np.3, pthread_attr_setdetachstate.3, pthread_attr_setguardsize.3, pthread_attr_setinheritsched.3, pthread_attr_setschedparam.3, pthread_attr_setschedpolicy.3, pthread_attr_setscope.3, pthread_attr_setstack.3, pthread_attr_setstackaddr.3, pthread_attr_setstacksize.3, pthread_cancel.3, pthread_cleanup_push.3, pthread_equal.3, pthread_getattr_np.3, pthread_getcpuclockid.3, pthread_setaffinity_np.3, pthread_setcancelstate.3, pthread_setconcurrency.3, pthread_setschedparam.3, pthread_setschedprio.3, ptsname.3, putenv.3, putgrent.3, raise.3, rcmd.3, regex.3, rexec.3, rpc.3, rpmatch.3, rtnetlink.3, scandir.3, sem_init.3, setaliasent.3, setbuf.3, setenv.3, setjmp.3, signbit.3, stdio_ext.3, strtod.3, strtol.3, strtoul.3, system.3, termios.3, timeradd.3, tzset.3, ualarm.3, wctomb.3, xdr.3, st.4, tty_ioctl.4, core.5, elf.5, proc.5, bootparam.7, capabilities.7, icmp.7, ip.7, ipv6.7, math_error.7, mdoc.samples.7, mq_overview.7, pthreads.7, raw.7, regex.7, socket.7, tcp.7, tzselect.8: Global fix: s/non-zero/nonzero/
The tendency in English, as prescribed in style guides like
Chicago MoS, is towards removing hyphens after prefixes
like "non-" etc.
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2010-01-16 16:40:55 +00:00
|
|
|
getopt() (if opterr is nonzero)
|
2008-11-10 17:00:51 +00:00
|
|
|
getprotobyname()
|
|
|
|
getprotobynumber()
|
|
|
|
getprotoent()
|
|
|
|
getpwent()
|
|
|
|
getpwnam()
|
|
|
|
getpwnam_r()
|
|
|
|
getpwuid()
|
|
|
|
getpwuid_r()
|
|
|
|
gets()
|
|
|
|
getservbyname()
|
|
|
|
getservbyport()
|
|
|
|
getservent()
|
|
|
|
getutxent()
|
|
|
|
getutxid()
|
|
|
|
getutxline()
|
|
|
|
getwc()
|
|
|
|
getwchar()
|
|
|
|
getwd() [SUSv3 only (function removed in POSIX.1-2008)]
|
|
|
|
glob()
|
|
|
|
iconv_close()
|
|
|
|
iconv_open()
|
|
|
|
ioctl()
|
|
|
|
link()
|
|
|
|
linkat() [Added in POSIX.1-2008]
|
|
|
|
lio_listio() [Added in POSIX.1-2008]
|
|
|
|
localtime()
|
|
|
|
localtime_r()
|
|
|
|
lockf() [Added in POSIX.1-2008]
|
|
|
|
lseek()
|
|
|
|
lstat()
|
|
|
|
mkdir() [Added in POSIX.1-2008]
|
|
|
|
mkdirat() [Added in POSIX.1-2008]
|
|
|
|
mkdtemp() [Added in POSIX.1-2008]
|
|
|
|
mkfifo() [Added in POSIX.1-2008]
|
|
|
|
mkfifoat() [Added in POSIX.1-2008]
|
|
|
|
mknod() [Added in POSIX.1-2008]
|
|
|
|
mknodat() [Added in POSIX.1-2008]
|
|
|
|
mkstemp()
|
|
|
|
mktime()
|
|
|
|
nftw()
|
|
|
|
opendir()
|
|
|
|
openlog()
|
|
|
|
pathconf()
|
|
|
|
pclose()
|
|
|
|
perror()
|
|
|
|
popen()
|
|
|
|
posix_fadvise()
|
|
|
|
posix_fallocate()
|
|
|
|
posix_madvise()
|
|
|
|
posix_openpt()
|
|
|
|
posix_spawn()
|
|
|
|
posix_spawnp()
|
|
|
|
posix_trace_clear()
|
|
|
|
posix_trace_close()
|
|
|
|
posix_trace_create()
|
|
|
|
posix_trace_create_withlog()
|
|
|
|
posix_trace_eventtypelist_getnext_id()
|
|
|
|
posix_trace_eventtypelist_rewind()
|
|
|
|
posix_trace_flush()
|
|
|
|
posix_trace_get_attr()
|
|
|
|
posix_trace_get_filter()
|
|
|
|
posix_trace_get_status()
|
|
|
|
posix_trace_getnext_event()
|
|
|
|
posix_trace_open()
|
|
|
|
posix_trace_rewind()
|
|
|
|
posix_trace_set_filter()
|
|
|
|
posix_trace_shutdown()
|
|
|
|
posix_trace_timedgetnext_event()
|
|
|
|
posix_typed_mem_open()
|
|
|
|
printf()
|
|
|
|
psiginfo() [Added in POSIX.1-2008]
|
|
|
|
psignal() [Added in POSIX.1-2008]
|
|
|
|
pthread_rwlock_rdlock()
|
|
|
|
pthread_rwlock_timedrdlock()
|
|
|
|
pthread_rwlock_timedwrlock()
|
|
|
|
pthread_rwlock_wrlock()
|
|
|
|
putc()
|
|
|
|
putc_unlocked()
|
|
|
|
putchar()
|
|
|
|
putchar_unlocked()
|
|
|
|
puts()
|
|
|
|
pututxline()
|
|
|
|
putwc()
|
|
|
|
putwchar()
|
|
|
|
readdir()
|
|
|
|
readdir_r()
|
|
|
|
readlink() [Added in POSIX.1-2008]
|
|
|
|
readlinkat() [Added in POSIX.1-2008]
|
|
|
|
remove()
|
|
|
|
rename()
|
|
|
|
renameat() [Added in POSIX.1-2008]
|
|
|
|
rewind()
|
|
|
|
rewinddir()
|
|
|
|
scandir() [Added in POSIX.1-2008]
|
|
|
|
scanf()
|
|
|
|
seekdir()
|
|
|
|
semop()
|
|
|
|
setgrent()
|
|
|
|
sethostent()
|
|
|
|
setnetent()
|
|
|
|
setprotoent()
|
|
|
|
setpwent()
|
|
|
|
setservent()
|
|
|
|
setutxent()
|
|
|
|
sigpause() [Added in POSIX.1-2008]
|
|
|
|
stat()
|
|
|
|
strerror()
|
|
|
|
strerror_r()
|
|
|
|
strftime()
|
|
|
|
symlink()
|
|
|
|
symlinkat() [Added in POSIX.1-2008]
|
|
|
|
sync()
|
|
|
|
syslog()
|
|
|
|
tmpfile()
|
|
|
|
tmpnam()
|
|
|
|
ttyname()
|
|
|
|
ttyname_r()
|
|
|
|
tzset()
|
|
|
|
ungetc()
|
|
|
|
ungetwc()
|
|
|
|
unlink()
|
|
|
|
unlinkat() [Added in POSIX.1-2008]
|
|
|
|
utime() [Added in POSIX.1-2008]
|
|
|
|
utimensat() [Added in POSIX.1-2008]
|
|
|
|
utimes() [Added in POSIX.1-2008]
|
|
|
|
vdprintf() [Added in POSIX.1-2008]
|
|
|
|
vfprintf()
|
|
|
|
vfwprintf()
|
|
|
|
vprintf()
|
|
|
|
vwprintf()
|
|
|
|
wcsftime()
|
|
|
|
wordexp()
|
|
|
|
wprintf()
|
|
|
|
wscanf()
|
|
|
|
.fi
|
|
|
|
.in
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
An implementation may also mark other functions
|
|
|
|
not specified in the standard as cancellation points.
|
|
|
|
In particular, an implementation is likely to mark
|
accept.2, execve.2, futimesat.2, getresuid.2, getrlimit.2, madvise.2, mq_getsetattr.2, msgctl.2, nice.2, open.2, poll.2, setresuid.2, shmctl.2, sigaction.2, times.2, utimensat.2, __setfpucw.3, atoi.3, endian.3, err.3, euidaccess.3, fenv.3, fopencookie.3, fpurge.3, getgrouplist.3, getutmp.3, j0.3, lgamma.3, netlink.3, pthread_attr_init.3, pthread_attr_setaffinity_np.3, pthread_cleanup_push_defer_np.3, pthread_getattr_np.3, pthread_kill_other_threads_np.3, pthread_setaffinity_np.3, pthread_tryjoin_np.3, pthread_yield.3, random_r.3, readdir.3, rtnetlink.3, scanf.3, setenv.3, significand.3, sigsetops.3, strerror.3, strstr.3, sysv_signal.3, termios.3, timegm.3, unlocked_stdio.3, y0.3, locale.5, bootparam.7, feature_test_macros.7, ip.7, locale.7, pthreads.7, rtld-audit.7, nscd.8: Global fix: s/non-standard/nonstandard/
The tendency in English, as prescribed in style guides like
Chicago MoS, is towards removing hyphens after prefixes
like "non-" etc.
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2010-01-16 16:37:52 +00:00
|
|
|
any nonstandard function that may block as a cancellation point.
|
2008-11-10 17:00:51 +00:00
|
|
|
(This includes most functions that can touch files.)
|
|
|
|
.\" So, scanning "cancellation point" comments in the glibc 2.8 header
|
accept.2, execve.2, futimesat.2, getresuid.2, getrlimit.2, madvise.2, mq_getsetattr.2, msgctl.2, nice.2, open.2, poll.2, setresuid.2, shmctl.2, sigaction.2, times.2, utimensat.2, __setfpucw.3, atoi.3, endian.3, err.3, euidaccess.3, fenv.3, fopencookie.3, fpurge.3, getgrouplist.3, getutmp.3, j0.3, lgamma.3, netlink.3, pthread_attr_init.3, pthread_attr_setaffinity_np.3, pthread_cleanup_push_defer_np.3, pthread_getattr_np.3, pthread_kill_other_threads_np.3, pthread_setaffinity_np.3, pthread_tryjoin_np.3, pthread_yield.3, random_r.3, readdir.3, rtnetlink.3, scanf.3, setenv.3, significand.3, sigsetops.3, strerror.3, strstr.3, sysv_signal.3, termios.3, timegm.3, unlocked_stdio.3, y0.3, locale.5, bootparam.7, feature_test_macros.7, ip.7, locale.7, pthreads.7, rtld-audit.7, nscd.8: Global fix: s/non-standard/nonstandard/
The tendency in English, as prescribed in style guides like
Chicago MoS, is towards removing hyphens after prefixes
like "non-" etc.
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2010-01-16 16:37:52 +00:00
|
|
|
.\" files, it looks as though at least the following nonstandard
|
2008-11-10 17:00:51 +00:00
|
|
|
.\" functions are cancellation points:
|
|
|
|
.\" endnetgrent
|
|
|
|
.\" endspent
|
|
|
|
.\" epoll_pwait
|
|
|
|
.\" epoll_wait
|
|
|
|
.\" fcloseall
|
|
|
|
.\" fdopendir
|
|
|
|
.\" fflush_unlocked
|
|
|
|
.\" fgetc_unlocked
|
|
|
|
.\" fgetgrent
|
|
|
|
.\" fgetgrent_r
|
|
|
|
.\" fgetpwent
|
|
|
|
.\" fgetpwent_r
|
|
|
|
.\" fgets_unlocked
|
|
|
|
.\" fgetspent
|
|
|
|
.\" fgetspent_r
|
|
|
|
.\" fgetwc_unlocked
|
|
|
|
.\" fgetws_unlocked
|
|
|
|
.\" fputc_unlocked
|
|
|
|
.\" fputs_unlocked
|
|
|
|
.\" fputwc_unlocked
|
|
|
|
.\" fputws_unlocked
|
|
|
|
.\" fread_unlocked
|
|
|
|
.\" fwrite_unlocked
|
|
|
|
.\" gai_suspend
|
|
|
|
.\" getaddrinfo_a
|
|
|
|
.\" getdate_r
|
|
|
|
.\" getgrent_r
|
|
|
|
.\" getgrouplist
|
|
|
|
.\" gethostbyaddr_r
|
|
|
|
.\" gethostbyname2
|
|
|
|
.\" gethostbyname2_r
|
|
|
|
.\" gethostbyname_r
|
|
|
|
.\" gethostent_r
|
|
|
|
.\" getnetbyaddr_r
|
|
|
|
.\" getnetbyname_r
|
|
|
|
.\" getnetent_r
|
|
|
|
.\" getnetgrent
|
|
|
|
.\" getnetgrent_r
|
|
|
|
.\" getprotobyname_r
|
|
|
|
.\" getprotobynumber_r
|
|
|
|
.\" getprotoent_r
|
|
|
|
.\" getpw
|
|
|
|
.\" getpwent_r
|
|
|
|
.\" getservbyname_r
|
|
|
|
.\" getservbyport_r
|
|
|
|
.\" getservent_r
|
|
|
|
.\" getspent
|
|
|
|
.\" getspent_r
|
|
|
|
.\" getspnam
|
|
|
|
.\" getspnam_r
|
|
|
|
.\" getutmp
|
|
|
|
.\" getutmpx
|
|
|
|
.\" getw
|
|
|
|
.\" getwc_unlocked
|
|
|
|
.\" getwchar_unlocked
|
|
|
|
.\" initgroups
|
|
|
|
.\" innetgr
|
|
|
|
.\" mkostemp
|
|
|
|
.\" mkostemp64
|
|
|
|
.\" mkstemp64
|
|
|
|
.\" ppoll
|
|
|
|
.\" pthread_timedjoin_np
|
|
|
|
.\" putgrent
|
|
|
|
.\" putpwent
|
|
|
|
.\" putspent
|
|
|
|
.\" putw
|
|
|
|
.\" putwc_unlocked
|
|
|
|
.\" putwchar_unlocked
|
|
|
|
.\" rcmd
|
|
|
|
.\" rcmd_af
|
|
|
|
.\" rexec
|
|
|
|
.\" rexec_af
|
|
|
|
.\" rresvport
|
|
|
|
.\" rresvport_af
|
|
|
|
.\" ruserok
|
|
|
|
.\" ruserok_af
|
|
|
|
.\" setnetgrent
|
|
|
|
.\" setspent
|
|
|
|
.\" sgetspent
|
|
|
|
.\" sgetspent_r
|
|
|
|
.\" updwtmpx
|
|
|
|
.\" utmpxname
|
|
|
|
.\" vfscanf
|
|
|
|
.\" vfwscanf
|
|
|
|
.\" vscanf
|
|
|
|
.\" vsyslog
|
|
|
|
.\" vwscanf
|
intro.1, time.1, _syscall.2, accept.2, capget.2, clone.2, execve.2, fcntl.2, intro.2, ioctl_list.2, ioprio_set.2, kill.2, mlock.2, nanosleep.2, perf_event_open.2, select.2, stat.2, times.2, ustat.2, vfork.2, wait.2, cfree.3, dbopen.3, dlopen.3, fenv.3, fmtmsg.3, gamma.3, getaddrinfo.3, gethostbyname.3, getnameinfo.3, getspnam.3, login.3, printf.3, regex.3, stdio.3, sysconf.3, termios.3, ttyslot.3, undocumented.3, wordexp.3, console_codes.4, initrd.4, mouse.4, random.4, st.4, tty_ioctl.4, wavelan.4, charmap.5, dir_colors.5, hosts.5, termcap.5, armscii-8.7, boot.7, bootparam.7, capabilities.7, charsets.7, ddp.7, futex.7, glob.7, ipv6.7, iso_8859-1.7, iso_8859-10.7, iso_8859-11.7, iso_8859-13.7, iso_8859-14.7, iso_8859-15.7, iso_8859-16.7, iso_8859-2.7, iso_8859-3.7, iso_8859-4.7, iso_8859-5.7, iso_8859-6.7, iso_8859-7.7, iso_8859-8.7, iso_8859-9.7, koi8-r.7, koi8-u.7, man.7, numa.7, path_resolution.7, pipe.7, posixoptions.7, pthreads.7, pty.7, rtnetlink.7, signal.7, time.7, udp.7, udplite.7, unicode.7, uri.7, utf-8.7: G;lobal fix: remove unneeded double quotes in .SS headings
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2013-02-24 18:02:18 +00:00
|
|
|
.SS Compiling on Linux
|
2005-06-07 12:35:32 +00:00
|
|
|
On Linux, programs that use the Pthreads API should be compiled using
|
2005-07-06 07:41:37 +00:00
|
|
|
.IR "cc \-pthread" .
|
intro.1, time.1, _syscall.2, accept.2, capget.2, clone.2, execve.2, fcntl.2, intro.2, ioctl_list.2, ioprio_set.2, kill.2, mlock.2, nanosleep.2, perf_event_open.2, select.2, stat.2, times.2, ustat.2, vfork.2, wait.2, cfree.3, dbopen.3, dlopen.3, fenv.3, fmtmsg.3, gamma.3, getaddrinfo.3, gethostbyname.3, getnameinfo.3, getspnam.3, login.3, printf.3, regex.3, stdio.3, sysconf.3, termios.3, ttyslot.3, undocumented.3, wordexp.3, console_codes.4, initrd.4, mouse.4, random.4, st.4, tty_ioctl.4, wavelan.4, charmap.5, dir_colors.5, hosts.5, termcap.5, armscii-8.7, boot.7, bootparam.7, capabilities.7, charsets.7, ddp.7, futex.7, glob.7, ipv6.7, iso_8859-1.7, iso_8859-10.7, iso_8859-11.7, iso_8859-13.7, iso_8859-14.7, iso_8859-15.7, iso_8859-16.7, iso_8859-2.7, iso_8859-3.7, iso_8859-4.7, iso_8859-5.7, iso_8859-6.7, iso_8859-7.7, iso_8859-8.7, iso_8859-9.7, koi8-r.7, koi8-u.7, man.7, numa.7, path_resolution.7, pipe.7, posixoptions.7, pthreads.7, pty.7, rtnetlink.7, signal.7, time.7, udp.7, udplite.7, unicode.7, uri.7, utf-8.7: G;lobal fix: remove unneeded double quotes in .SS headings
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2013-02-24 18:02:18 +00:00
|
|
|
.SS Linux implementations of POSIX threads
|
2005-06-07 12:35:32 +00:00
|
|
|
Over time, two threading implementations have been provided by
|
|
|
|
the GNU C library on Linux:
|
2008-01-08 13:22:09 +00:00
|
|
|
.TP
|
2005-07-19 15:36:19 +00:00
|
|
|
.B LinuxThreads
|
2007-07-10 21:39:16 +00:00
|
|
|
This is the original Pthreads implementation.
|
|
|
|
Since glibc 2.4, this implementation is no longer supported.
|
2008-01-08 13:22:09 +00:00
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.BR NPTL " (Native POSIX Threads Library)"
|
2005-06-07 12:35:32 +00:00
|
|
|
This is the modern Pthreads implementation.
|
|
|
|
By comparison with LinuxThreads, NPTL provides closer conformance to
|
2005-06-08 13:27:21 +00:00
|
|
|
the requirements of the POSIX.1 specification and better performance
|
2005-06-07 12:35:32 +00:00
|
|
|
when creating large numbers of threads.
|
2007-07-10 21:39:16 +00:00
|
|
|
NPTL is available since glibc 2.3.2,
|
|
|
|
and requires features that are present in the Linux 2.6 kernel.
|
2005-06-07 12:35:32 +00:00
|
|
|
.PP
|
|
|
|
Both of these are so-called 1:1 implementations, meaning that each
|
|
|
|
thread maps to a kernel scheduling entity.
|
|
|
|
Both threading implementations employ the Linux
|
|
|
|
.BR clone (2)
|
|
|
|
system call.
|
2007-06-08 09:56:56 +00:00
|
|
|
In NPTL, thread synchronization primitives (mutexes,
|
2012-05-06 19:33:04 +00:00
|
|
|
thread joining, and so on) are implemented using the Linux
|
2005-06-07 12:35:32 +00:00
|
|
|
.BR futex (2)
|
|
|
|
system call.
|
|
|
|
.SS LinuxThreads
|
|
|
|
The notable features of this implementation are the following:
|
|
|
|
.IP \- 3
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
In addition to the main (initial) thread,
|
2005-06-08 13:27:21 +00:00
|
|
|
and the threads that the program creates using
|
2007-05-11 23:29:44 +00:00
|
|
|
.BR pthread_create (3),
|
2005-06-07 12:35:32 +00:00
|
|
|
the implementation creates a "manager" thread.
|
|
|
|
This thread handles thread creation and termination.
|
|
|
|
(Problems can result if this thread is inadvertently killed.)
|
|
|
|
.IP \- 3
|
|
|
|
Signals are used internally by the implementation.
|
2008-11-18 13:42:20 +00:00
|
|
|
On Linux 2.2 and later, the first three real-time signals are used
|
|
|
|
(see also
|
|
|
|
.BR signal (7)).
|
2007-06-21 05:38:48 +00:00
|
|
|
On older Linux kernels,
|
|
|
|
.B SIGUSR1
|
|
|
|
and
|
|
|
|
.B SIGUSR2
|
|
|
|
are used.
|
2005-06-08 13:27:21 +00:00
|
|
|
Applications must avoid the use of whichever set of signals is
|
2005-06-07 12:35:32 +00:00
|
|
|
employed by the implementation.
|
|
|
|
.IP \- 3
|
|
|
|
Threads do not share process IDs.
|
|
|
|
(In effect, LinuxThreads threads are implemented as processes which share
|
|
|
|
more information than usual, but which do not share a common process ID.)
|
|
|
|
LinuxThreads threads (including the manager thread)
|
|
|
|
are visible as separate processes using
|
|
|
|
.BR ps (1).
|
|
|
|
.PP
|
|
|
|
The LinuxThreads implementation deviates from the POSIX.1
|
|
|
|
specification in a number of ways, including the following:
|
|
|
|
.IP \- 3
|
|
|
|
Calls to
|
|
|
|
.BR getpid (2)
|
|
|
|
return a different value in each thread.
|
|
|
|
.IP \- 3
|
2005-06-08 13:27:21 +00:00
|
|
|
Calls to
|
2005-06-07 12:35:32 +00:00
|
|
|
.BR getppid (2)
|
|
|
|
in threads other than the main thread return the process ID of the
|
|
|
|
manager thread; instead
|
|
|
|
.BR getppid (2)
|
|
|
|
in these threads should return the same value as
|
|
|
|
.BR getppid (2)
|
|
|
|
in the main thread.
|
|
|
|
.IP \- 3
|
|
|
|
When one thread creates a new child process using
|
|
|
|
.BR fork (2),
|
|
|
|
any thread should be able to
|
|
|
|
.BR wait (2)
|
|
|
|
on the child.
|
2005-06-08 13:27:21 +00:00
|
|
|
However, the implementation only allows the thread that
|
2005-06-07 12:35:32 +00:00
|
|
|
created the child to
|
|
|
|
.BR wait (2)
|
|
|
|
on it.
|
|
|
|
.IP \- 3
|
|
|
|
When a thread calls
|
|
|
|
.BR execve (2),
|
|
|
|
all other threads are terminated (as required by POSIX.1).
|
|
|
|
However, the resulting process has the same PID as the thread that called
|
|
|
|
.BR execve (2):
|
|
|
|
it should have the same PID as the main thread.
|
|
|
|
.IP \- 3
|
|
|
|
Threads do not share user and group IDs.
|
2005-07-18 14:25:42 +00:00
|
|
|
This can cause complications with set-user-ID programs and
|
2005-06-07 12:35:32 +00:00
|
|
|
can cause failures in Pthreads functions if an application
|
|
|
|
changes its credentials using
|
|
|
|
.BR seteuid (2)
|
|
|
|
or similar.
|
|
|
|
.IP \- 3
|
|
|
|
Threads do not share a common session ID and process group ID.
|
|
|
|
.IP \- 3
|
|
|
|
Threads do not share record locks created using
|
|
|
|
.BR fcntl (2).
|
|
|
|
.IP \- 3
|
|
|
|
The information returned by
|
|
|
|
.BR times (2)
|
|
|
|
and
|
|
|
|
.BR getrusage (2)
|
|
|
|
is per-thread rather than process-wide.
|
|
|
|
.IP \- 3
|
|
|
|
Threads do not share semaphore undo values (see
|
|
|
|
.BR semop (2)).
|
|
|
|
.IP \- 3
|
|
|
|
Threads do not share interval timers.
|
|
|
|
.IP \- 3
|
|
|
|
Threads do not share a common nice value.
|
|
|
|
.IP \- 3
|
|
|
|
POSIX.1 distinguishes the notions of signals that are directed
|
2008-03-25 06:29:23 +00:00
|
|
|
to the process as a whole and signals that are directed to individual
|
2005-06-07 12:35:32 +00:00
|
|
|
threads.
|
|
|
|
According to POSIX.1, a process-directed signal (sent using
|
|
|
|
.BR kill (2),
|
|
|
|
for example) should be handled by a single,
|
|
|
|
arbitrarily selected thread within the process.
|
|
|
|
LinuxThreads does not support the notion of process-directed signals:
|
intro.1, _syscall.2, access.2, arch_prctl.2, cacheflush.2, chown.2, clock_getres.2, clone.2, create_module.2, fcntl.2, flock.2, get_kernel_syms.2, get_robust_list.2, get_thread_area.2, getcpu.2, getpriority.2, getrlimit.2, getrusage.2, ioprio_set.2, kexec_load.2, madvise.2, mbind.2, migrate_pages.2, mknod.2, mmap.2, mount.2, move_pages.2, mprotect.2, open.2, pause.2, pciconfig_read.2, perf_event_open.2, prctl.2, ptrace.2, query_module.2, read.2, reboot.2, recv.2, s390_runtime_instr.2, sched_setscheduler.2, select_tut.2, send.2, set_mempolicy.2, setfsgid.2, setfsuid.2, sigaction.2, spu_create.2, spu_run.2, stime.2, swapon.2, syslog.2, timer_create.2, timer_getoverrun.2, times.2, tkill.2, umount.2, unimplemented.2, ustat.2, vm86.2, wait.2, abs.3, aio_read.3, aio_write.3, bsd_signal.3, catgets.3, clearenv.3, cmsg.3, dbopen.3, dirfd.3, dlopen.3, exec.3, fenv.3, ferror.3, fmemopen.3, fnmatch.3, fopen.3, futimes.3, getaddrinfo.3, getifaddrs.3, getipnodebyname.3, hsearch.3, if_nameindex.3, inet_pton.3, mblen.3, mbrlen.3, mbsrtowcs.3, mbtowc.3, mcheck.3, memfrob.3, mq_notify.3, netlink.3, posix_memalign.3, printf.3, pthread_attr_setscope.3, pthread_cleanup_push.3, pthread_kill_other_threads_np.3, pthread_self.3, pthread_setcancelstate.3, pthread_setconcurrency.3, raise.3, resolver.3, rpc.3, rtime.3, rtnetlink.3, scanf.3, setbuf.3, setnetgrent.3, shm_open.3, sigpause.3, sigset.3, sigwait.3, sockatmark.3, strcasecmp.3, strcmp.3, strdup.3, strftime.3, strptime.3, strsignal.3, strverscmp.3, sysv_signal.3, termios.3, wcrtomb.3, wcsnlen.3, wcsnrtombs.3, wcsrtombs.3, wctomb.3, wprintf.3, console_codes.4, cpuid.4, msr.4, rtc.4, sk98lin.4, st.4, tty.4, charmap.5, core.5, elf.5, hosts.equiv.5, proc.5, resolv.conf.5, services.5, slabinfo.5, arp.7, bootparam.7, capabilities.7, charsets.7, cpuset.7, ddp.7, epoll.7, feature_test_macros.7, futex.7, hier.7, icmp.7, inotify.7, ip.7, ipv6.7, man-pages.7, mdoc.7, mdoc.samples.7, netdevice.7, netlink.7, numa.7, packet.7, path_resolution.7, posixoptions.7, pthreads.7, raw.7, rtld-audit.7, rtnetlink.7, sem_overview.7, sigevent.7, socket.7, spufs.7, tcp.7, udp.7, unicode.7, uri.7, utf-8.7, intro.8, ldconfig.8, sync.8: Global fix: fix placement of word "only"
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2013-03-31 08:53:00 +00:00
|
|
|
signals may be sent only to specific threads.
|
2005-06-07 12:35:32 +00:00
|
|
|
.IP \- 3
|
2005-06-08 13:27:21 +00:00
|
|
|
Threads have distinct alternate signal stack settings.
|
|
|
|
However, a new thread's alternate signal stack settings
|
2005-07-05 13:53:03 +00:00
|
|
|
are copied from the thread that created it, so that
|
2005-06-08 13:27:21 +00:00
|
|
|
the threads initially share an alternate signal stack.
|
|
|
|
(A new thread should start with no alternate signal stack defined.
|
|
|
|
If two threads handle signals on their shared alternate signal
|
|
|
|
stack at the same time, unpredictable program failures are
|
|
|
|
likely to occur.)
|
2005-06-07 12:35:32 +00:00
|
|
|
.SS NPTL
|
|
|
|
With NPTL, all of the threads in a process are placed
|
|
|
|
in the same thread group;
|
2009-09-27 07:26:38 +00:00
|
|
|
all members of a thread group share the same PID.
|
2005-06-08 13:27:21 +00:00
|
|
|
NPTL does not employ a manager thread.
|
2008-11-18 13:42:20 +00:00
|
|
|
NPTL makes internal use of the first two real-time signals
|
|
|
|
(see also
|
|
|
|
.BR signal (7));
|
2005-06-08 13:27:21 +00:00
|
|
|
these signals cannot be used in applications.
|
|
|
|
|
2010-01-16 16:48:00 +00:00
|
|
|
NPTL still has at least one nonconformance with POSIX.1:
|
2005-06-07 12:35:32 +00:00
|
|
|
.IP \- 3
|
|
|
|
Threads do not share a common nice value.
|
2010-01-16 16:48:00 +00:00
|
|
|
.\" FIXME . bug report filed for NPTL nice nonconformance
|
2006-03-22 20:18:10 +00:00
|
|
|
.\" http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=6258
|
2008-09-09 10:48:13 +00:00
|
|
|
.\" Sep 08: there is a patch by Denys Vlasenko to address this
|
|
|
|
.\" "make setpriority POSIX compliant; introduce PRIO_THREAD extension"
|
|
|
|
.\" Monitor this to see if it makes it into mainline.
|
2005-06-07 12:35:32 +00:00
|
|
|
.PP
|
intro.1, _syscall.2, access.2, arch_prctl.2, cacheflush.2, chown.2, clock_getres.2, clone.2, create_module.2, fcntl.2, flock.2, get_kernel_syms.2, get_robust_list.2, get_thread_area.2, getcpu.2, getpriority.2, getrlimit.2, getrusage.2, ioprio_set.2, kexec_load.2, madvise.2, mbind.2, migrate_pages.2, mknod.2, mmap.2, mount.2, move_pages.2, mprotect.2, open.2, pause.2, pciconfig_read.2, perf_event_open.2, prctl.2, ptrace.2, query_module.2, read.2, reboot.2, recv.2, s390_runtime_instr.2, sched_setscheduler.2, select_tut.2, send.2, set_mempolicy.2, setfsgid.2, setfsuid.2, sigaction.2, spu_create.2, spu_run.2, stime.2, swapon.2, syslog.2, timer_create.2, timer_getoverrun.2, times.2, tkill.2, umount.2, unimplemented.2, ustat.2, vm86.2, wait.2, abs.3, aio_read.3, aio_write.3, bsd_signal.3, catgets.3, clearenv.3, cmsg.3, dbopen.3, dirfd.3, dlopen.3, exec.3, fenv.3, ferror.3, fmemopen.3, fnmatch.3, fopen.3, futimes.3, getaddrinfo.3, getifaddrs.3, getipnodebyname.3, hsearch.3, if_nameindex.3, inet_pton.3, mblen.3, mbrlen.3, mbsrtowcs.3, mbtowc.3, mcheck.3, memfrob.3, mq_notify.3, netlink.3, posix_memalign.3, printf.3, pthread_attr_setscope.3, pthread_cleanup_push.3, pthread_kill_other_threads_np.3, pthread_self.3, pthread_setcancelstate.3, pthread_setconcurrency.3, raise.3, resolver.3, rpc.3, rtime.3, rtnetlink.3, scanf.3, setbuf.3, setnetgrent.3, shm_open.3, sigpause.3, sigset.3, sigwait.3, sockatmark.3, strcasecmp.3, strcmp.3, strdup.3, strftime.3, strptime.3, strsignal.3, strverscmp.3, sysv_signal.3, termios.3, wcrtomb.3, wcsnlen.3, wcsnrtombs.3, wcsrtombs.3, wctomb.3, wprintf.3, console_codes.4, cpuid.4, msr.4, rtc.4, sk98lin.4, st.4, tty.4, charmap.5, core.5, elf.5, hosts.equiv.5, proc.5, resolv.conf.5, services.5, slabinfo.5, arp.7, bootparam.7, capabilities.7, charsets.7, cpuset.7, ddp.7, epoll.7, feature_test_macros.7, futex.7, hier.7, icmp.7, inotify.7, ip.7, ipv6.7, man-pages.7, mdoc.7, mdoc.samples.7, netdevice.7, netlink.7, numa.7, packet.7, path_resolution.7, posixoptions.7, pthreads.7, raw.7, rtld-audit.7, rtnetlink.7, sem_overview.7, sigevent.7, socket.7, spufs.7, tcp.7, udp.7, unicode.7, uri.7, utf-8.7, intro.8, ldconfig.8, sync.8: Global fix: fix placement of word "only"
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2013-03-31 08:53:00 +00:00
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|
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Some NPTL nonconformances occur only with older kernels:
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2005-06-07 12:35:32 +00:00
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.IP \- 3
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The information returned by
|
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.BR times (2)
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and
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.BR getrusage (2)
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is per-thread rather than process-wide (fixed in kernel 2.6.9).
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.IP \- 3
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Threads do not share resource limits (fixed in kernel 2.6.10).
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.IP \- 3
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Threads do not share interval timers (fixed in kernel 2.6.12).
|
2006-03-05 09:00:21 +00:00
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.IP \- 3
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Only the main thread is permitted to start a new session using
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.BR setsid (2)
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(fixed in kernel 2.6.16).
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.IP \- 3
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Only the main thread is permitted to make the process into a
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process group leader using
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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.BR setpgid (2)
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2006-03-05 09:00:21 +00:00
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(fixed in kernel 2.6.16).
|
2006-03-21 04:13:05 +00:00
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.IP \- 3
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Threads have distinct alternate signal stack settings.
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However, a new thread's alternate signal stack settings
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are copied from the thread that created it, so that
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the threads initially share an alternate signal stack
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(fixed in kernel 2.6.16).
|
2006-09-12 06:38:38 +00:00
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|
.PP
|
|
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|
Note the following further points about the NPTL implementation:
|
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|
.IP \- 3
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If the stack size soft resource limit (see the description of
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
.B RLIMIT_STACK
|
2006-09-12 06:38:38 +00:00
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in
|
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.BR setrlimit (2))
|
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is set to a value other than
|
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.IR unlimited ,
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then this value defines the default stack size for new threads.
|
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|
To be effective, this limit must be set before the program
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|
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|
is executed, perhaps using the
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|
.I ulimit -s
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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shell built-in command
|
2006-09-12 06:38:38 +00:00
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.RI ( "limit stacksize"
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|
in the C shell).
|
intro.1, time.1, _syscall.2, accept.2, capget.2, clone.2, execve.2, fcntl.2, intro.2, ioctl_list.2, ioprio_set.2, kill.2, mlock.2, nanosleep.2, perf_event_open.2, select.2, stat.2, times.2, ustat.2, vfork.2, wait.2, cfree.3, dbopen.3, dlopen.3, fenv.3, fmtmsg.3, gamma.3, getaddrinfo.3, gethostbyname.3, getnameinfo.3, getspnam.3, login.3, printf.3, regex.3, stdio.3, sysconf.3, termios.3, ttyslot.3, undocumented.3, wordexp.3, console_codes.4, initrd.4, mouse.4, random.4, st.4, tty_ioctl.4, wavelan.4, charmap.5, dir_colors.5, hosts.5, termcap.5, armscii-8.7, boot.7, bootparam.7, capabilities.7, charsets.7, ddp.7, futex.7, glob.7, ipv6.7, iso_8859-1.7, iso_8859-10.7, iso_8859-11.7, iso_8859-13.7, iso_8859-14.7, iso_8859-15.7, iso_8859-16.7, iso_8859-2.7, iso_8859-3.7, iso_8859-4.7, iso_8859-5.7, iso_8859-6.7, iso_8859-7.7, iso_8859-8.7, iso_8859-9.7, koi8-r.7, koi8-u.7, man.7, numa.7, path_resolution.7, pipe.7, posixoptions.7, pthreads.7, pty.7, rtnetlink.7, signal.7, time.7, udp.7, udplite.7, unicode.7, uri.7, utf-8.7: G;lobal fix: remove unneeded double quotes in .SS headings
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2013-02-24 18:02:18 +00:00
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|
|
.SS Determining the threading implementation
|
2005-06-08 13:27:21 +00:00
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|
Since glibc 2.3.2, the
|
2005-06-07 12:35:32 +00:00
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|
.BR getconf (1)
|
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|
|
command can be used to determine
|
2007-07-10 21:39:16 +00:00
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|
|
the system's threading implementation, for example:
|
2005-06-07 12:35:32 +00:00
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|
|
.nf
|
2007-12-19 06:57:44 +00:00
|
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|
.in +4n
|
2005-06-07 12:35:32 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
bash$ getconf GNU_LIBPTHREAD_VERSION
|
|
|
|
NPTL 2.3.4
|
2007-12-19 06:57:44 +00:00
|
|
|
.in
|
2005-06-07 12:35:32 +00:00
|
|
|
.fi
|
|
|
|
.PP
|
|
|
|
With older glibc versions, a command such as the following should
|
|
|
|
be sufficient to determine the default threading implementation:
|
|
|
|
.nf
|
2007-12-19 06:57:44 +00:00
|
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|
.in +4n
|
2005-06-07 12:35:32 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2008-06-09 15:49:35 +00:00
|
|
|
bash$ $( ldd /bin/ls | grep libc.so | awk \(aq{print $3}\(aq ) | \\
|
|
|
|
egrep \-i \(aqthreads|nptl\(aq
|
2005-06-07 12:35:32 +00:00
|
|
|
Native POSIX Threads Library by Ulrich Drepper et al
|
2007-12-19 06:57:44 +00:00
|
|
|
.in
|
2005-06-07 12:35:32 +00:00
|
|
|
.fi
|
intro.1, time.1, _syscall.2, accept.2, capget.2, clone.2, execve.2, fcntl.2, intro.2, ioctl_list.2, ioprio_set.2, kill.2, mlock.2, nanosleep.2, perf_event_open.2, select.2, stat.2, times.2, ustat.2, vfork.2, wait.2, cfree.3, dbopen.3, dlopen.3, fenv.3, fmtmsg.3, gamma.3, getaddrinfo.3, gethostbyname.3, getnameinfo.3, getspnam.3, login.3, printf.3, regex.3, stdio.3, sysconf.3, termios.3, ttyslot.3, undocumented.3, wordexp.3, console_codes.4, initrd.4, mouse.4, random.4, st.4, tty_ioctl.4, wavelan.4, charmap.5, dir_colors.5, hosts.5, termcap.5, armscii-8.7, boot.7, bootparam.7, capabilities.7, charsets.7, ddp.7, futex.7, glob.7, ipv6.7, iso_8859-1.7, iso_8859-10.7, iso_8859-11.7, iso_8859-13.7, iso_8859-14.7, iso_8859-15.7, iso_8859-16.7, iso_8859-2.7, iso_8859-3.7, iso_8859-4.7, iso_8859-5.7, iso_8859-6.7, iso_8859-7.7, iso_8859-8.7, iso_8859-9.7, koi8-r.7, koi8-u.7, man.7, numa.7, path_resolution.7, pipe.7, posixoptions.7, pthreads.7, pty.7, rtnetlink.7, signal.7, time.7, udp.7, udplite.7, unicode.7, uri.7, utf-8.7: G;lobal fix: remove unneeded double quotes in .SS headings
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2013-02-24 18:02:18 +00:00
|
|
|
.SS Selecting the threading implementation: LD_ASSUME_KERNEL
|
2007-07-10 21:39:16 +00:00
|
|
|
On systems with a glibc that supports both LinuxThreads and NPTL
|
|
|
|
(i.e., glibc 2.3.\fIx\fP), the
|
2007-06-22 20:40:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.B LD_ASSUME_KERNEL
|
|
|
|
environment variable can be used to override
|
2005-06-07 12:35:32 +00:00
|
|
|
the dynamic linker's default choice of threading implementation.
|
2005-06-08 13:27:21 +00:00
|
|
|
This variable tells the dynamic linker to assume that it is
|
2005-06-07 12:35:32 +00:00
|
|
|
running on top of a particular kernel version.
|
|
|
|
By specifying a kernel version that does not
|
|
|
|
provide the support required by NPTL, we can force the use
|
|
|
|
of LinuxThreads.
|
|
|
|
(The most likely reason for doing this is to run a
|
2010-01-16 16:48:00 +00:00
|
|
|
(broken) application that depends on some nonconformant behavior
|
2005-06-07 12:35:32 +00:00
|
|
|
in LinuxThreads.)
|
|
|
|
For example:
|
|
|
|
.nf
|
2007-12-19 06:57:44 +00:00
|
|
|
.in +4n
|
2005-06-07 12:35:32 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
bash$ $( LD_ASSUME_KERNEL=2.2.5 ldd /bin/ls | grep libc.so | \\
|
2008-06-09 15:49:35 +00:00
|
|
|
awk \(aq{print $3}\(aq ) | egrep \-i \(aqthreads|ntpl\(aq
|
2005-06-07 12:35:32 +00:00
|
|
|
linuxthreads-0.10 by Xavier Leroy
|
2007-12-19 06:57:44 +00:00
|
|
|
.in
|
2005-06-07 12:35:32 +00:00
|
|
|
.fi
|
getent.1, intro.1, time.1, _exit.2, _syscall.2, accept.2, access.2, acct.2, adjtimex.2, alarm.2, alloc_hugepages.2, arch_prctl.2, bdflush.2, bind.2, brk.2, cacheflush.2, capget.2, chdir.2, chmod.2, chown.2, chroot.2, clock_getres.2, clock_nanosleep.2, clone.2, close.2, connect.2, create_module.2, delete_module.2, dup.2, epoll_create.2, epoll_ctl.2, epoll_wait.2, eventfd.2, execve.2, exit_group.2, faccessat.2, fchmodat.2, fchownat.2, fcntl.2, flock.2, fork.2, fstatat.2, fsync.2, futex.2, futimesat.2, get_kernel_syms.2, get_robust_list.2, get_thread_area.2, getcpu.2, getdents.2, getdomainname.2, getgid.2, getgroups.2, gethostname.2, getitimer.2, getpagesize.2, getpeername.2, getpid.2, getpriority.2, getresuid.2, getrlimit.2, getrusage.2, getsid.2, getsockname.2, getsockopt.2, gettid.2, gettimeofday.2, getuid.2, getunwind.2, getxattr.2, idle.2, init_module.2, inotify_add_watch.2, inotify_init.2, inotify_rm_watch.2, intro.2, io_cancel.2, io_destroy.2, io_getevents.2, io_setup.2, io_submit.2, ioctl.2, ioctl_list.2, ioperm.2, iopl.2, ioprio_set.2, ipc.2, kcmp.2, kill.2, killpg.2, link.2, linkat.2, listen.2, listxattr.2, llseek.2, lookup_dcookie.2, lseek.2, madvise.2, migrate_pages.2, mincore.2, mkdir.2, mkdirat.2, mknod.2, mknodat.2, mlock.2, mmap.2, mmap2.2, modify_ldt.2, mount.2, move_pages.2, mprotect.2, mq_getsetattr.2, mremap.2, msgctl.2, msgget.2, msgop.2, msync.2, nanosleep.2, nfsservctl.2, nice.2, open.2, openat.2, outb.2, pause.2, pciconfig_read.2, perf_event_open.2, perfmonctl.2, personality.2, pipe.2, pivot_root.2, poll.2, posix_fadvise.2, prctl.2, pread.2, process_vm_readv.2, ptrace.2, query_module.2, quotactl.2, read.2, readahead.2, readdir.2, readlink.2, readlinkat.2, readv.2, reboot.2, recv.2, remap_file_pages.2, removexattr.2, rename.2, renameat.2, rmdir.2, rt_sigqueueinfo.2, sched_get_priority_max.2, sched_rr_get_interval.2, sched_setaffinity.2, sched_setparam.2, sched_setscheduler.2, sched_yield.2, select.2, semctl.2, semget.2, semop.2, send.2, sendfile.2, set_thread_area.2, set_tid_address.2, seteuid.2, setfsgid.2, setfsuid.2, setgid.2, setpgid.2, setresuid.2, setreuid.2, setsid.2, setuid.2, setup.2, setxattr.2, shmctl.2, shmget.2, shmop.2, shutdown.2, sigaction.2, sigaltstack.2, signal.2, signalfd.2, sigpending.2, sigprocmask.2, sigreturn.2, sigsuspend.2, sigwaitinfo.2, socket.2, socketcall.2, socketpair.2, splice.2, stat.2, statfs.2, stime.2, swapon.2, symlink.2, symlinkat.2, sync.2, sync_file_range.2, sysctl.2, sysfs.2, sysinfo.2, syslog.2, tee.2, time.2, timerfd_create.2, times.2, tkill.2, truncate.2, umask.2, umount.2, uname.2, unimplemented.2, unlink.2, unlinkat.2, uselib.2, ustat.2, utime.2, utimensat.2, vfork.2, vhangup.2, vm86.2, vmsplice.2, wait.2, wait4.2, write.2, CPU_SET.3, INFINITY.3, MB_CUR_MAX.3, MB_LEN_MAX.3, __setfpucw.3, a64l.3, abort.3, abs.3, acos.3, acosh.3, addseverity.3, adjtime.3, aio_cancel.3, aio_error.3, aio_fsync.3, aio_read.3, aio_return.3, aio_suspend.3, aio_write.3, alloca.3, argz_add.3, asin.3, asinh.3, asprintf.3, assert.3, assert_perror.3, atan.3, atan2.3, atanh.3, atexit.3, atof.3, atoi.3, backtrace.3, basename.3, bcmp.3, bcopy.3, bindresvport.3, bsd_signal.3, bsearch.3, bstring.3, btowc.3, btree.3, byteorder.3, bzero.3, cabs.3, cacos.3, cacosh.3, canonicalize_file_name.3, carg.3, casin.3, casinh.3, catan.3, catanh.3, catgets.3, catopen.3, cbrt.3, ccos.3, ccosh.3, ceil.3, cerf.3, cexp.3, cexp2.3, cfree.3, cimag.3, clearenv.3, clock.3, clock_getcpuclockid.3, clog.3, clog10.3, clog2.3, closedir.3, cmsg.3, confstr.3, conj.3, copysign.3, cos.3, cosh.3, cpow.3, cproj.3, creal.3, crypt.3, csin.3, csinh.3, csqrt.3, ctan.3, ctanh.3, ctermid.3, ctime.3, daemon.3, dbopen.3, des_crypt.3, difftime.3, dirfd.3, div.3, dl_iterate_phdr.3, dlopen.3, dprintf.3, drand48.3, drand48_r.3, dysize.3, ecvt.3, ecvt_r.3, encrypt.3, end.3, endian.3, envz_add.3, erf.3, erfc.3, err.3, errno.3, error.3, ether_aton.3, euidaccess.3, exec.3, exit.3, exp.3, exp10.3, exp2.3, expm1.3, fabs.3, fclose.3, fcloseall.3, fdim.3, fenv.3, ferror.3, fexecve.3, fflush.3, ffs.3, fgetgrent.3, fgetpwent.3, fgetwc.3, fgetws.3, finite.3, flockfile.3, floor.3, fma.3, fmax.3, fmemopen.3, fmin.3, fmod.3, fmtmsg.3, fnmatch.3, fopen.3, fpathconf.3, fpclassify.3, fpurge.3, fputwc.3, fputws.3, fread.3, frexp.3, fseek.3, fseeko.3, ftime.3, ftok.3, fts.3, ftw.3, futimes.3, fwide.3, gamma.3, gcvt.3, getaddrinfo.3, getaddrinfo_a.3, getauxval.3, getcontext.3, getcwd.3, getdate.3, getdirentries.3, getdtablesize.3, getenv.3, getfsent.3, getgrent.3, getgrent_r.3, getgrnam.3, getgrouplist.3, gethostbyname.3, gethostid.3, getipnodebyname.3, getline.3, getloadavg.3, getlogin.3, getmntent.3, getnameinfo.3, getnetent.3, getnetent_r.3, getopt.3, getpass.3, getprotoent.3, getprotoent_r.3, getpt.3, getpw.3, getpwent.3, getpwent_r.3, getpwnam.3, getrpcent.3, getrpcent_r.3, getrpcport.3, gets.3, getservent.3, getservent_r.3, getspnam.3, getttyent.3, getumask.3, getusershell.3, getutent.3, getw.3, getwchar.3, glob.3, grantpt.3, gsignal.3, hash.3, hsearch.3, hypot.3, iconv.3, iconv_close.3, iconv_open.3, ilogb.3, index.3, inet.3, inet_ntop.3, inet_pton.3, infnan.3, initgroups.3, insque.3, intro.3, isalpha.3, isatty.3, isgreater.3, iswalnum.3, iswalpha.3, iswblank.3, iswcntrl.3, iswctype.3, iswdigit.3, iswgraph.3, iswlower.3, iswprint.3, iswpunct.3, iswspace.3, iswupper.3, iswxdigit.3, j0.3, key_setsecret.3, ldexp.3, lgamma.3, lio_listio.3, localeconv.3, lockf.3, log.3, log10.3, log1p.3, log2.3, logb.3, login.3, longjmp.3, lrint.3, lround.3, lsearch.3, lseek64.3, makecontext.3, makedev.3, malloc.3, malloc_hook.3, mblen.3, mbrlen.3, mbrtowc.3, mbsinit.3, mbsnrtowcs.3, mbsrtowcs.3, mbstowcs.3, mbtowc.3, memccpy.3, memchr.3, memcmp.3, memcpy.3, memfrob.3, memmem.3, memmove.3, mempcpy.3, memset.3, mkdtemp.3, mkfifo.3, mkfifoat.3, mkstemp.3, mktemp.3, modf.3, mpool.3, mq_close.3, mq_getattr.3, mq_notify.3, mq_open.3, mq_receive.3, mq_send.3, mq_unlink.3, mtrace.3, nan.3, netlink.3, nextafter.3, nl_langinfo.3, offsetof.3, on_exit.3, opendir.3, openpty.3, perror.3, popen.3, posix_fallocate.3, posix_memalign.3, posix_openpt.3, pow.3, pow10.3, printf.3, profil.3, program_invocation_name.3, psignal.3, pthread_kill_other_threads_np.3, ptsname.3, putenv.3, putgrent.3, putpwent.3, puts.3, putwchar.3, qecvt.3, qsort.3, queue.3, raise.3, rand.3, random.3, random_r.3, rcmd.3, re_comp.3, readdir.3, realpath.3, recno.3, regex.3, remainder.3, remove.3, remquo.3, resolver.3, rewinddir.3, rexec.3, rint.3, round.3, rpc.3, rpmatch.3, rtime.3, rtnetlink.3, scalb.3, scalbln.3, scandir.3, scandirat.3, scanf.3, seekdir.3, sem_close.3, sem_destroy.3, sem_getvalue.3, sem_init.3, sem_open.3, sem_post.3, sem_unlink.3, sem_wait.3, setaliasent.3, setbuf.3, setenv.3, setjmp.3, setlocale.3, setlogmask.3, setnetgrent.3, shm_open.3, siginterrupt.3, signbit.3, significand.3, sigpause.3, sigqueue.3, sigset.3, sigsetops.3, sigvec.3, sin.3, sincos.3, sinh.3, sleep.3, sockatmark.3, sqrt.3, statvfs.3, stdarg.3, stdin.3, stdio.3, stdio_ext.3, stpcpy.3, stpncpy.3, strcasecmp.3, strcat.3, strchr.3, strcmp.3, strcoll.3, strcpy.3, strdup.3, strerror.3, strfmon.3, strfry.3, strftime.3, string.3, strlen.3, strnlen.3, strpbrk.3, strptime.3, strsep.3, strsignal.3, strspn.3, strstr.3, strtod.3, strtoimax.3, strtok.3, strtol.3, strtoul.3, strverscmp.3, strxfrm.3, swab.3, sysconf.3, syslog.3, system.3, sysv_signal.3, tan.3, tanh.3, tcgetpgrp.3, tcgetsid.3, telldir.3, tempnam.3, termios.3, tgamma.3, timegm.3, timeradd.3, tmpfile.3, tmpnam.3, toascii.3, toupper.3, towctrans.3, towlower.3, towupper.3, trunc.3, tsearch.3, ttyname.3, ttyslot.3, tzset.3, ualarm.3, ulimit.3, ungetwc.3, unlocked_stdio.3, unlockpt.3, updwtmp.3, usleep.3, wcpcpy.3, wcpncpy.3, wcrtomb.3, wcscasecmp.3, wcscat.3, wcschr.3, wcscmp.3, wcscpy.3, wcscspn.3, wcsdup.3, wcslen.3, wcsncasecmp.3, wcsncat.3, wcsncmp.3, wcsncpy.3, wcsnlen.3, wcsnrtombs.3, wcspbrk.3, wcsrchr.3, wcsrtombs.3, wcsspn.3, wcsstr.3, wcstoimax.3, wcstok.3, wcstombs.3, wcswidth.3, wctob.3, wctomb.3, wctrans.3, wctype.3, wcwidth.3, wmemchr.3, wmemcmp.3, wmemcpy.3, wmemmove.3, wmemset.3, wordexp.3, wprintf.3, xcrypt.3, xdr.3, y0.3, cciss.4, console.4, console_codes.4, console_ioctl.4, dsp56k.4, fd.4, full.4, hd.4, hpsa.4, initrd.4, intro.4, lp.4, mem.4, mouse.4, null.4, pts.4, ram.4, random.4, rtc.4, sk98lin.4, st.4, tty.4, ttyS.4, tty_ioctl.4, vcs.4, wavelan.4, acct.5, charmap.5, dir_colors.5, filesystems.5, ftpusers.5, group.5, host.conf.5, hosts.5, hosts.equiv.5, intro.5, issue.5, locale.5, motd.5, networks.5, nologin.5, nscd.conf.5, passwd.5, proc.5, protocols.5, resolv.conf.5, rpc.5, securetty.5, services.5, shells.5, termcap.5, ttytype.5, utmp.5, armscii-8.7, arp.7, ascii.7, bootparam.7, capabilities.7, charsets.7, complex.7, cp1251.7, credentials.7, ddp.7, environ.7, epoll.7, fifo.7, futex.7, glob.7, hier.7, icmp.7, inotify.7, intro.7, ip.7, ipv6.7, iso_8859-1.7, iso_8859-10.7, iso_8859-11.7, iso_8859-13.7, iso_8859-14.7, iso_8859-15.7, iso_8859-16.7, iso_8859-2.7, iso_8859-3.7, iso_8859-4.7, iso_8859-5.7, iso_8859-6.7, iso_8859-7.7, iso_8859-8.7, iso_8859-9.7, koi8-r.7, koi8-u.7, locale.7, mailaddr.7, man.7, mq_overview.7, netdevice.7, netlink.7, numa.7, packet.7, path_resolution.7, pipe.7, posixoptions.7, pthreads.7, pty.7, raw.7, regex.7, rtld-audit.7, rtnetlink.7, sem_overview.7, shm_overview.7, sigevent.7, signal.7, socket.7, standards.7, suffixes.7, svipc.7, tcp.7, termio.7, time.7, udp.7, udplite.7, unicode.7, unix.7, uri.7, utf-8.7, x25.7, nscd.8, sync.8, tzselect.8, zdump.8, zic.8: Global fix: remove unneeded double quotes in .SH headings
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2013-02-24 18:01:36 +00:00
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.SH SEE ALSO
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2010-11-17 05:58:10 +00:00
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.ad l
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.nh
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2005-06-07 12:35:32 +00:00
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.BR clone (2),
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.BR futex (2),
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.BR gettid (2),
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2008-08-24 05:46:38 +00:00
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.BR proc (5),
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2006-04-21 01:24:06 +00:00
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.BR futex (7),
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2010-09-21 04:43:53 +00:00
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.BR sigevent (7),
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2008-11-18 13:42:20 +00:00
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.BR signal (7),
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arch_prctl.2, fcntl.2, flock.2, get_robust_list.2, getpriority.2, ioprio_set.2, migrate_pages.2, mmap.2, mremap.2, msync.2, sched_get_priority_max.2, sched_rr_get_interval.2, sched_setparam.2, sched_setscheduler.2, sched_yield.2, select.2, socket.2, subpage_prot.2, unshare.2, btree.3, dbopen.3, dl_iterate_phdr.3, dlopen.3, getnameinfo.3, hash.3, lockf.3, netlink.3, recno.3, rpc.3, xdr.3, cciss.4, console_ioctl.4, hpsa.4, initrd.4, msr.4, rtc.4, st.4, hosts.5, services.5, tzfile.5, aio.7, arp.7, capabilities.7, cpuset.7, feature_test_macros.7, futex.7, inotify.7, ip.7, ipv6.7, iso_8859-16.7, iso_8859-2.7, koi8-r.7, math_error.7, netlink.7, packet.7, pthreads.7, raw.7, spufs.7, udplite.7, uri.7, x25.7: Global fix: Various consistency fixes for SEE ALSO
Coauthored-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2012-09-24 07:53:22 +00:00
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Various Pthreads manual pages, for example:
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2008-11-11 18:21:07 +00:00
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.BR pthread_attr_init (3),
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2005-06-07 12:35:32 +00:00
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.BR pthread_atfork (3),
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2008-11-11 18:21:07 +00:00
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.BR pthread_cancel (3),
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2005-06-07 12:35:32 +00:00
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.BR pthread_cleanup_push (3),
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.BR pthread_cond_signal (3),
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.BR pthread_cond_wait (3),
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.BR pthread_create (3),
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.BR pthread_detach (3),
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.BR pthread_equal (3),
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.BR pthread_exit (3),
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.BR pthread_key_create (3),
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.BR pthread_kill (3),
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.BR pthread_mutex_lock (3),
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.BR pthread_mutex_unlock (3),
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.BR pthread_once (3),
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.BR pthread_setcancelstate (3),
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.BR pthread_setcanceltype (3),
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.BR pthread_setspecific (3),
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.BR pthread_sigmask (3),
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2010-11-17 05:56:44 +00:00
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.BR pthread_sigqueue (3),
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2005-06-07 12:35:32 +00:00
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and
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2008-07-14 15:52:21 +00:00
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.BR pthread_testcancel (3)
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