mirror of https://github.com/mkerrisk/man-pages
intro.1, _syscall.2, access.2, arch_prctl.2, cacheflush.2, chown.2, clock_getres.2, clone.2, create_module.2, fcntl.2, flock.2, get_kernel_syms.2, get_robust_list.2, get_thread_area.2, getcpu.2, getpriority.2, getrlimit.2, getrusage.2, ioprio_set.2, kexec_load.2, madvise.2, mbind.2, migrate_pages.2, mknod.2, mmap.2, mount.2, move_pages.2, mprotect.2, open.2, pause.2, pciconfig_read.2, perf_event_open.2, prctl.2, ptrace.2, query_module.2, read.2, reboot.2, recv.2, s390_runtime_instr.2, sched_setscheduler.2, select_tut.2, send.2, set_mempolicy.2, setfsgid.2, setfsuid.2, sigaction.2, spu_create.2, spu_run.2, stime.2, swapon.2, syslog.2, timer_create.2, timer_getoverrun.2, times.2, tkill.2, umount.2, unimplemented.2, ustat.2, vm86.2, wait.2, abs.3, aio_read.3, aio_write.3, bsd_signal.3, catgets.3, clearenv.3, cmsg.3, dbopen.3, dirfd.3, dlopen.3, exec.3, fenv.3, ferror.3, fmemopen.3, fnmatch.3, fopen.3, futimes.3, getaddrinfo.3, getifaddrs.3, getipnodebyname.3, hsearch.3, if_nameindex.3, inet_pton.3, mblen.3, mbrlen.3, mbsrtowcs.3, mbtowc.3, mcheck.3, memfrob.3, mq_notify.3, netlink.3, posix_memalign.3, printf.3, pthread_attr_setscope.3, pthread_cleanup_push.3, pthread_kill_other_threads_np.3, pthread_self.3, pthread_setcancelstate.3, pthread_setconcurrency.3, raise.3, resolver.3, rpc.3, rtime.3, rtnetlink.3, scanf.3, setbuf.3, setnetgrent.3, shm_open.3, sigpause.3, sigset.3, sigwait.3, sockatmark.3, strcasecmp.3, strcmp.3, strdup.3, strftime.3, strptime.3, strsignal.3, strverscmp.3, sysv_signal.3, termios.3, wcrtomb.3, wcsnlen.3, wcsnrtombs.3, wcsrtombs.3, wctomb.3, wprintf.3, console_codes.4, cpuid.4, msr.4, rtc.4, sk98lin.4, st.4, tty.4, charmap.5, core.5, elf.5, hosts.equiv.5, proc.5, resolv.conf.5, services.5, slabinfo.5, arp.7, bootparam.7, capabilities.7, charsets.7, cpuset.7, ddp.7, epoll.7, feature_test_macros.7, futex.7, hier.7, icmp.7, inotify.7, ip.7, ipv6.7, man-pages.7, mdoc.7, mdoc.samples.7, netdevice.7, netlink.7, numa.7, packet.7, path_resolution.7, posixoptions.7, pthreads.7, raw.7, rtld-audit.7, rtnetlink.7, sem_overview.7, sigevent.7, socket.7, spufs.7, tcp.7, udp.7, unicode.7, uri.7, utf-8.7, intro.8, ldconfig.8, sync.8: Global fix: fix placement of word "only"
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
This commit is contained in:
parent
90878f7c26
commit
33a0ccb293
|
@ -204,8 +204,8 @@ describing the path from the root of the tree (which is called /)
|
|||
to the file.
|
||||
For example, such a full pathname might be /home/aeb/tel.
|
||||
Always using full pathnames would be inconvenient, and the name
|
||||
of a file in the current directory may be abbreviated by only giving
|
||||
the last component.
|
||||
of a file in the current directory may be abbreviated by giving
|
||||
only the last component.
|
||||
That is why "/home/aeb/tel" can be abbreviated
|
||||
to "tel" when the current directory is "/home/aeb".
|
||||
.LP
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ passed by-value or by-pointer (for aggregates like structs).
|
|||
.\" The preferred way to invoke system calls that glibc does not know
|
||||
.\" about yet is via
|
||||
.\" .BR syscall (2).
|
||||
.\" However, this mechanism can only be used if using a libc
|
||||
.\" However, this mechanism can be used only if using a libc
|
||||
.\" (such as glibc) that supports
|
||||
.\" .BR syscall (2),
|
||||
.\" and if the
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ check even if none of the execute file permission bits are set.
|
|||
.\" HPU-UX 11 and Tru64 5.1 do this.
|
||||
Linux does not do this.
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
A file is only accessible if the permissions on each of the
|
||||
A file is accessible only if the permissions on each of the
|
||||
directories in the path prefix of
|
||||
.I pathname
|
||||
grant search (i.e., execute) access.
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ is a Linux/x86-64 extension and should not be used in programs intended
|
|||
to be portable.
|
||||
.SH NOTES
|
||||
.BR arch_prctl ()
|
||||
is only supported on Linux/x86-64 for 64-bit programs currently.
|
||||
is supported only on Linux/x86-64 for 64-bit programs currently.
|
||||
|
||||
The 64-bit base changes when a new 32-bit segment selector is loaded.
|
||||
|
||||
|
@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ or using the
|
|||
.BR set_thread_area (2)
|
||||
system call in kernel 2.5 or later.
|
||||
.BR arch_prctl ()
|
||||
is only needed when you want to set bases that are larger than 4GB.
|
||||
is needed only when you want to set bases that are larger than 4GB.
|
||||
Memory in the first 2GB of address space can be allocated by using
|
||||
.BR mmap (2)
|
||||
with the
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ is not one of
|
|||
or
|
||||
.BR BCACHE .
|
||||
.SH CONFORMING TO
|
||||
This Linux-specific system call is only available on MIPS-based systems.
|
||||
This Linux-specific system call is available only on MIPS-based systems.
|
||||
.\" FIXME This system call was only on MIPS back in 1.2 days, but
|
||||
.\" by now it is on a number of other architectures (but not i386).
|
||||
.\" Investigate the details and update this page.
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -181,8 +181,8 @@ See above.
|
|||
.SH CONFORMING TO
|
||||
4.4BSD, SVr4, POSIX.1-2001.
|
||||
|
||||
The 4.4BSD version can only be
|
||||
used by the superuser (that is, ordinary users cannot give away files).
|
||||
The 4.4BSD version can be
|
||||
used only by the superuser (that is, ordinary users cannot give away files).
|
||||
.\" chown():
|
||||
.\" SVr4 documents EINVAL, EINTR, ENOLINK and EMULTIHOP returns, but no
|
||||
.\" ENOMEM. POSIX.1 does not document ENOMEM or ELOOP error conditions.
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ If that is the case then
|
|||
will return
|
||||
.B ENOENT
|
||||
to signify this condition.
|
||||
The two clocks will then only be useful if it
|
||||
The two clocks will then be useful only if it
|
||||
can be ensured that a process stays on a certain CPU.
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
The processors in an SMP system do not start all at exactly the same
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ This flag can't be specified in conjunction with
|
|||
.TP
|
||||
.BR CLONE_NEWNET " (since Linux 2.6.24)"
|
||||
.\" FIXME Check when the implementation was completed
|
||||
(The implementation of this flag was only completed
|
||||
(The implementation of this flag was completed only
|
||||
by about kernel version 2.6.29.)
|
||||
|
||||
If
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ The caller was not privileged
|
|||
.B CAP_SYS_MODULE
|
||||
capability).
|
||||
.SH VERSIONS
|
||||
This system call is only present on Linux up until kernel 2.4;
|
||||
This system call is present on Linux only up until kernel 2.4;
|
||||
it was removed in Linux 2.6.
|
||||
.\" Removed in Linux 2.5.48
|
||||
.SH CONFORMING TO
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -786,7 +786,7 @@ This will cause the calling process to be notified when
|
|||
the file is opened for writing or is truncated.
|
||||
.\" The following became true in kernel 2.6.10:
|
||||
.\" See the man-pages-2.09 Changelog for further info.
|
||||
A read lease can only be placed on a file descriptor that
|
||||
A read lease can be placed only on a file descriptor that
|
||||
is opened read-only.
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.B F_WRLCK
|
||||
|
@ -813,8 +813,8 @@ Furthermore, the lease is released by either an explicit
|
|||
operation on any of these duplicate descriptors, or when all
|
||||
such descriptors have been closed.
|
||||
.P
|
||||
Leases may only be taken out on regular files.
|
||||
An unprivileged process may only take out a lease on a file whose
|
||||
Leases may be taken out only on regular files.
|
||||
An unprivileged process may take out a lease only on a file whose
|
||||
UID (owner) matches the file system UID of the process.
|
||||
A process with the
|
||||
.B CAP_LEASE
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ An attempt to lock the file using one of these file descriptors
|
|||
may be denied by a lock that the calling process has
|
||||
already placed via another descriptor.
|
||||
|
||||
A process may only hold one type of lock (shared or exclusive)
|
||||
A process may hold only one type of lock (shared or exclusive)
|
||||
on a file.
|
||||
Subsequent
|
||||
.BR flock ()
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ There is only one possible error return:
|
|||
.BR get_kernel_syms ()
|
||||
is not supported in this version of the kernel.
|
||||
.SH VERSIONS
|
||||
This system call is only present on Linux up until kernel 2.4;
|
||||
This system call is present on Linux only up until kernel 2.4;
|
||||
it was removed in Linux 2.6.
|
||||
.\" Removed in Linux 2.5.48
|
||||
.SH CONFORMING TO
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ There are no glibc wrappers for these system calls; see NOTES.
|
|||
.SH DESCRIPTION
|
||||
The robust futex implementation needs to maintain per-thread lists of robust
|
||||
futexes which are unlocked when the thread exits.
|
||||
These lists are managed in user space; the kernel is only notified about
|
||||
These lists are managed in user space; the kernel is notified about only
|
||||
the location of the head of the list.
|
||||
|
||||
The
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ is Linux-specific and should not be used in programs
|
|||
that are intended to be portable.
|
||||
.SH NOTES
|
||||
Glibc does not provide a wrapper for this system call,
|
||||
since it is generally intended only for use by threading libraries.
|
||||
since it is generally intended for use only by threading libraries.
|
||||
In the unlikely event that you want to call it directly, use
|
||||
.BR syscall (2).
|
||||
.SH SEE ALSO
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ The third argument to this system call is nowadays unused (see NOTES).
|
|||
|
||||
The information placed in
|
||||
.I cpu
|
||||
is only guaranteed to be current at the time of the call:
|
||||
is guaranteed to be current only at the time of the call:
|
||||
unless the CPU affinity has been fixed using
|
||||
.BR sched_setaffinity (2),
|
||||
the kernel might change the CPU at any time.
|
||||
|
@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ migrating threads between CPUs, and so the argument is now ignored.
|
|||
.\" With a cache
|
||||
.\" .BR getcpu ()
|
||||
.\" is faster.
|
||||
.\" However, the cached information is only updated once per jiffy (see
|
||||
.\" However, the cached information is updated only once per jiffy (see
|
||||
.\" .BR time (7)).
|
||||
.\" This means that the information could theoretically be out of date,
|
||||
.\" although in practice the scheduler's attempt to maintain
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ The caller attempted to lower a process priority, but did not
|
|||
have the required privilege (on Linux: did not have the
|
||||
.B CAP_SYS_NICE
|
||||
capability).
|
||||
Since Linux 2.6.12, this error only occurs if the caller attempts
|
||||
Since Linux 2.6.12, this error occurs only if the caller attempts
|
||||
to set a process priority outside the range of the
|
||||
.B RLIMIT_NICE
|
||||
soft resource limit of the target process; see
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ struct rlimit {
|
|||
The soft limit is the value that the kernel enforces for the
|
||||
corresponding resource.
|
||||
The hard limit acts as a ceiling for the soft limit:
|
||||
an unprivileged process may only set its soft limit to a value in the
|
||||
an unprivileged process may set only its soft limit to a value in the
|
||||
range from 0 up to the hard limit, and (irreversibly) lower its hard limit.
|
||||
A privileged process (under Linux: one with the
|
||||
.B CAP_SYS_RESOURCE
|
||||
|
@ -304,8 +304,8 @@ fails with the error
|
|||
.B RLIMIT_RSS
|
||||
Specifies the limit (in pages) of the process's resident set
|
||||
(the number of virtual pages resident in RAM).
|
||||
This limit only has effect in Linux 2.4.x, x < 30, and there only
|
||||
affects calls to
|
||||
This limit has effect only in Linux 2.4.x, x < 30, and there
|
||||
affects only calls to
|
||||
.BR madvise (2)
|
||||
specifying
|
||||
.BR MADV_WILLNEED .
|
||||
|
@ -351,7 +351,7 @@ Specifies the limit on the number of signals
|
|||
that may be queued for the real user ID of the calling process.
|
||||
Both standard and real-time signals are counted for the purpose of
|
||||
checking this limit.
|
||||
However, the limit is only enforced for
|
||||
However, the limit is enforced only for
|
||||
.BR sigqueue (3);
|
||||
it is always possible to use
|
||||
.BR kill (2)
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ is invalid.
|
|||
SVr4, 4.3BSD.
|
||||
POSIX.1-2001 specifies
|
||||
.BR getrusage (),
|
||||
but only specifies the fields
|
||||
but specifies only the fields
|
||||
.I ru_utime
|
||||
and
|
||||
.IR ru_stime .
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ is the one that is returned by
|
|||
or
|
||||
.BR clone (2).
|
||||
|
||||
These system calls only have an effect when used
|
||||
These system calls have an effect only when used
|
||||
in conjunction with an I/O scheduler that supports I/O priorities.
|
||||
As at kernel 2.6.17 the only such scheduler is the Completely Fair Queuing
|
||||
(CFQ) I/O scheduler.
|
||||
|
@ -311,7 +311,7 @@ Permission to change a process's priority is granted or denied based
|
|||
on two assertions:
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.B "Process ownership"
|
||||
An unprivileged process may only set the I/O priority of a process
|
||||
An unprivileged process may set only the I/O priority of a process
|
||||
whose real UID
|
||||
matches the real or effective UID of the calling process.
|
||||
A process which has the
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -56,9 +56,9 @@ Execute the new kernel automatically on a system crash.
|
|||
Preserve the system hardware and
|
||||
software states before executing the new kernel.
|
||||
This could be used for system suspend.
|
||||
This flag is only available if the kernel was configured with
|
||||
This flag is available only if the kernel was configured with
|
||||
.BR CONFIG_KEXEC_JUMP ,
|
||||
and is only effective if
|
||||
and is effective only if
|
||||
.I nr_segments
|
||||
is greater than 0.
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
|
@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ which is not currently exported to glibc.
|
|||
.\" Check if it got accepted later.
|
||||
Therefore, these constants must be defined manually.
|
||||
|
||||
This system call is only available if the kernel was configured with
|
||||
This system call is available only if the kernel was configured with
|
||||
.BR CONFIG_KEXEC .
|
||||
.SH SEE ALSO
|
||||
.BR reboot (2),
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -150,14 +150,14 @@ restoring the default behavior, whereby a mapping is inherited across
|
|||
.TP
|
||||
.BR MADV_HWPOISON " (Since Linux 2.6.32)
|
||||
Poison a page and handle it like a hardware memory corruption.
|
||||
This operation is only available for privileged
|
||||
This operation is available only for privileged
|
||||
.RB ( CAP_SYS_ADMIN )
|
||||
processes.
|
||||
This operation may result in the calling process receiving a
|
||||
.B SIGBUS
|
||||
and the page being unmapped.
|
||||
This feature is intended for testing of memory error-handling code;
|
||||
it is only available if the kernel was configured with
|
||||
it is available only if the kernel was configured with
|
||||
.BR CONFIG_MEMORY_FAILURE .
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.BR MADV_SOFT_OFFLINE " (Since Linux 2.6.33)
|
||||
|
@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ The effect of the
|
|||
operation is invisible to (i.e., does not change the semantics of)
|
||||
the calling process.
|
||||
This feature is intended for testing of memory error-handling code;
|
||||
it is only available if the kernel was configured with
|
||||
it is available only if the kernel was configured with
|
||||
.BR CONFIG_MEMORY_FAILURE .
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.BR MADV_MERGEABLE " (since Linux 2.6.32)"
|
||||
|
@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ been marked as mergeable,
|
|||
looking for pages with identical content.
|
||||
These are replaced by a single write-protected page (which is automatically
|
||||
copied if a process later wants to update the content of the page).
|
||||
KSM only merges private anonymous pages (see
|
||||
KSM merges only private anonymous pages (see
|
||||
.BR mmap (2)).
|
||||
The KSM feature is intended for applications that generate many
|
||||
instances of the same data (e.g., virtualization systems such as KVM).
|
||||
|
@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ The
|
|||
.BR MADV_MERGEABLE
|
||||
and
|
||||
.BR MADV_UNMERGEABLE
|
||||
operations are only available if the kernel was configured with
|
||||
operations are available only if the kernel was configured with
|
||||
.BR CONFIG_KSM .
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.BR MADV_UNMERGEABLE " (since Linux 2.6.32)"
|
||||
|
@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ Enables Transparent Huge Pages (THP) for pages in the range specified by
|
|||
.I addr
|
||||
and
|
||||
.IR length .
|
||||
Currently, Transparent Huge Pages only work with private anonymous pages (see
|
||||
Currently, Transparent Huge Pages work only with private anonymous pages (see
|
||||
.BR mmap (2)).
|
||||
The kernel will regularly scan the areas marked as huge page candidates
|
||||
to replace them with huge pages.
|
||||
|
@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ The
|
|||
.BR MADV_HUGEPAGE
|
||||
and
|
||||
.BR MADV_NOHUGEPAGE
|
||||
operations are only available if the kernel was configured with
|
||||
operations are available only if the kernel was configured with
|
||||
.BR CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE .
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.BR MADV_NOHUGEPAGE " (since Linux 2.6.38)"
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ a memory mapped file, mapped using the
|
|||
.BR mmap (2)
|
||||
system call with the
|
||||
.B MAP_PRIVATE
|
||||
flag, pages will only be allocated according to the specified
|
||||
flag, pages will be allocated only according to the specified
|
||||
policy when the application writes [stores] to the page.
|
||||
For anonymous regions, an initial read access will use a shared
|
||||
page in the kernel containing all zeros.
|
||||
|
@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ for that region.
|
|||
|
||||
By default,
|
||||
.BR mbind ()
|
||||
only has an effect for new allocations; if the pages inside
|
||||
has an effect only for new allocations; if the pages inside
|
||||
the range have been already touched before setting the policy,
|
||||
then the policy has no effect.
|
||||
This default behavior may be overridden by the
|
||||
|
@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ points to a bit mask of nodes containing up to
|
|||
bits.
|
||||
The bit mask size is rounded to the next multiple of
|
||||
.IR "sizeof(unsigned long)" ,
|
||||
but the kernel will only use bits up to
|
||||
but the kernel will use bits only up to
|
||||
.IR maxnode .
|
||||
A NULL value of
|
||||
.I nodemask
|
||||
|
@ -453,7 +453,7 @@ is ignored on huge page mappings.
|
|||
.B MPOL_MF_MOVE
|
||||
and
|
||||
.B MPOL_MF_MOVE_ALL
|
||||
are only available on Linux 2.6.16 and later.
|
||||
are available only on Linux 2.6.16 and later.
|
||||
.SH SEE ALSO
|
||||
.BR get_mempolicy (2),
|
||||
.BR getcpu (2),
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ is 0, then
|
|||
.BR migrate_pages ()
|
||||
moves pages of the calling process.
|
||||
|
||||
Pages shared with another process will only be moved if the initiating
|
||||
Pages shared with another process will be moved only if the initiating
|
||||
process has the
|
||||
.B CAP_SYS_NICE
|
||||
privilege.
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ FIFO (named pipe), or UNIX domain socket, and the caller
|
|||
is not privileged (Linux: does not have the
|
||||
.B CAP_MKNOD
|
||||
capability);
|
||||
.\" For UNIX domain sockets and regular files, EPERM is only returned in
|
||||
.\" For UNIX domain sockets and regular files, EPERM is returned only in
|
||||
.\" Linux 2.2 and earlier; in Linux 2.4 and later, unprivileged can
|
||||
.\" use mknod() to make these files.
|
||||
also returned if the file system containing
|
||||
|
|
14
man2/mmap.2
14
man2/mmap.2
|
@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ In addition, zero or more of the following values can be ORed in
|
|||
.TP
|
||||
.BR MAP_32BIT " (since Linux 2.4.20, 2.6)"
|
||||
Put the mapping into the first 2 Gigabytes of the process address space.
|
||||
This flag is only supported on x86-64, for 64-bit programs.
|
||||
This flag is supported only on x86-64, for 64-bit programs.
|
||||
It was added to allow thread stacks to be allocated somewhere
|
||||
in the first 2GB of memory,
|
||||
so as to improve context-switch performance on some early
|
||||
|
@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ The use of
|
|||
.B MAP_ANONYMOUS
|
||||
in conjunction with
|
||||
.B MAP_SHARED
|
||||
is only supported on Linux since kernel 2.4.
|
||||
is supported on Linux only since kernel 2.4.
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.B MAP_DENYWRITE
|
||||
This flag is ignored.
|
||||
|
@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ This flag is ignored in older kernels.
|
|||
Only meaningful in conjunction with
|
||||
.BR MAP_POPULATE .
|
||||
Don't perform read-ahead:
|
||||
only create page tables entries for pages
|
||||
create page tables entries only for pages
|
||||
that are already present in RAM.
|
||||
Since Linux 2.6.23, this flag causes
|
||||
.BR MAP_POPULATE
|
||||
|
@ -267,7 +267,7 @@ See also the discussion of the file
|
|||
.I /proc/sys/vm/overcommit_memory
|
||||
in
|
||||
.BR proc (5).
|
||||
In kernels before 2.6, this flag only had effect for
|
||||
In kernels before 2.6, this flag had effect only for
|
||||
private writable mappings.
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.BR MAP_POPULATE " (since Linux 2.5.46)"
|
||||
|
@ -275,7 +275,7 @@ Populate (prefault) page tables for a mapping.
|
|||
For a file mapping, this causes read-ahead on the file.
|
||||
Later accesses to the mapping will not be blocked by page faults.
|
||||
.BR MAP_POPULATE
|
||||
is only supported for private mappings since Linux 2.6.23.
|
||||
is supported for private mappings only since Linux 2.6.23.
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.BR MAP_STACK " (since Linux 2.6.27)"
|
||||
Allocate the mapping at an address suitable for a process
|
||||
|
@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ support can later be transparently implemented for glibc.
|
|||
.BR MAP_UNINITIALIZED " (since Linux 2.6.33)"
|
||||
Don't clear anonymous pages.
|
||||
This flag is intended to improve performance on embedded devices.
|
||||
This flag is only honored if the kernel was configured with the
|
||||
This flag is honored only if the kernel was configured with the
|
||||
.B CONFIG_MMAP_ALLOW_UNINITIALIZED
|
||||
option.
|
||||
Because of the security implications,
|
||||
|
@ -592,7 +592,7 @@ at any moment when the system runs out of memory.
|
|||
|
||||
In kernels before 2.6.7, the
|
||||
.B MAP_POPULATE
|
||||
flag only has effect if
|
||||
flag has effect only if
|
||||
.I prot
|
||||
is specified as
|
||||
.BR PROT_NONE .
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ Mount file system read-only.
|
|||
.TP
|
||||
.BR MS_RELATIME " (Since Linux 2.6.20)"
|
||||
When a file on this file system is accessed,
|
||||
only update the file's last access time (atime) if the current value
|
||||
update the file's last access time (atime) only if the current value
|
||||
of atime is less than or equal to the file's last modification time (mtime)
|
||||
or last status change time (ctime).
|
||||
This option is useful for programs, such as
|
||||
|
@ -411,7 +411,7 @@ The definitions of
|
|||
.BR MS_RELATIME ,
|
||||
and
|
||||
.BR MS_STRICTATIME
|
||||
were only added to glibc headers in version 2.12.
|
||||
were added to glibc headers in version 2.12.
|
||||
.\" FIXME: Definitions of the so-far-undocumented MS_UNBINDABLE, MS_PRIVATE,
|
||||
.\" MS_SHARED, and MS_SLAVE were (also) only added to glibc headers in 2.12.
|
||||
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ pages that need to be moved.
|
|||
|
||||
.I status
|
||||
is an array of integers that return the status of each page.
|
||||
The array only contains valid values if
|
||||
The array contains valid values only if
|
||||
.BR move_pages ()
|
||||
did not return an error.
|
||||
|
||||
|
@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ array.
|
|||
Identifies the node on which the page resides.
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.B -EACCES
|
||||
The page is mapped by multiple processes and can only be moved if
|
||||
The page is mapped by multiple processes and can be moved only if
|
||||
.B MPOL_MF_MOVE_ALL
|
||||
is specified.
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ implies
|
|||
POSIX.1-2001 says that an implementation may permit access
|
||||
other than that specified in
|
||||
.IR prot ,
|
||||
but at a minimum can only allow write access if
|
||||
but at a minimum can allow write access only if
|
||||
.B PROT_WRITE
|
||||
has been set, and must not allow any access if
|
||||
.B PROT_NONE
|
||||
|
|
12
man2/open.2
12
man2/open.2
|
@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ generate a signal
|
|||
by default, but this can be changed via
|
||||
.BR fcntl (2))
|
||||
when input or output becomes possible on this file descriptor.
|
||||
This feature is only available for terminals, pseudoterminals,
|
||||
This feature is available only for terminals, pseudoterminals,
|
||||
sockets, and (since Linux 2.6) pipes and FIFOs.
|
||||
See
|
||||
.BR fcntl (2)
|
||||
|
@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ the process's
|
|||
.I umask
|
||||
in the usual way: The permissions of the created file are
|
||||
.IR "(mode\ &\ ~umask)" .
|
||||
Note that this mode only applies to future accesses of the
|
||||
Note that this mode applies only to future accesses of the
|
||||
newly created file; the
|
||||
.BR open ()
|
||||
call that creates a read-only file may well return a read/write
|
||||
|
@ -356,7 +356,7 @@ fails with the error
|
|||
|
||||
On NFS,
|
||||
.B O_EXCL
|
||||
is only supported when using NFSv3 or later on kernel 2.6 or later.
|
||||
is supported only when using NFSv3 or later on kernel 2.6 or later.
|
||||
In NFS environments where
|
||||
.B O_EXCL
|
||||
support is not provided, programs that rely on it
|
||||
|
@ -681,7 +681,7 @@ to mean:
|
|||
check for read and write permission on the file and return a descriptor
|
||||
that can't be used for reading or writing.
|
||||
This nonstandard access mode is used by some Linux drivers to return a
|
||||
descriptor that is only to be used for device-specific
|
||||
descriptor that is to be used only for device-specific
|
||||
.BR ioctl (2)
|
||||
operations.
|
||||
.\" See for example util-linux's disk-utils/setfdprm.c
|
||||
|
@ -711,7 +711,7 @@ corresponding to the flags
|
|||
.BR O_DSYNC ,
|
||||
and
|
||||
.BR O_RSYNC .
|
||||
Currently (2.6.31), Linux only implements
|
||||
Currently (2.6.31), Linux implements only
|
||||
.BR O_SYNC ,
|
||||
but glibc maps
|
||||
.B O_DSYNC
|
||||
|
@ -860,7 +860,7 @@ Older kernels, or
|
|||
kernels configured in certain ways, may not support this combination.
|
||||
The NFS protocol does not support passing the flag to the server, so
|
||||
.B O_DIRECT
|
||||
I/O will only bypass the page cache on the client; the server may
|
||||
I/O will bypass the page cache only on the client; the server may
|
||||
still cache the I/O.
|
||||
The client asks the server to make the I/O
|
||||
synchronous to preserve the synchronous semantics of
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ until a signal is delivered that either terminates the process or causes
|
|||
the invocation of a signal-catching function.
|
||||
.SH RETURN VALUE
|
||||
.BR pause ()
|
||||
only returns when a signal was caught and the
|
||||
returns only when a signal was caught and the
|
||||
signal-catching function returned.
|
||||
In this case
|
||||
.BR pause ()
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ The system has not implemented these calls
|
|||
not defined).
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.B EOPNOTSUPP
|
||||
This return value is only valid for
|
||||
This return value is valid only for
|
||||
.BR pciconfig_iobase ().
|
||||
It is returned if the value for
|
||||
.I which
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -138,8 +138,8 @@ being set to the fd of the group leader.
|
|||
(A single event on its own is created with
|
||||
.IR group_fd " = \-1"
|
||||
and is considered to be a group with only 1 member.)
|
||||
An event group is scheduled onto the CPU as a unit: it will only
|
||||
be put onto the CPU if all of the events in the group can be put onto
|
||||
An event group is scheduled onto the CPU as a unit: it will
|
||||
be put onto the CPU ionly if all of the events in the group can be put onto
|
||||
the CPU.
|
||||
This means that the values of the member events can be
|
||||
meaningfully compared, added, divided (to get ratios), etc., with each
|
||||
|
@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ then a file descriptor opened on
|
|||
must be passed as the
|
||||
.I pid
|
||||
parameter.
|
||||
cgroup monitoring is only available
|
||||
cgroup monitoring is available only
|
||||
for system-wide events and may therefore require extra permissions.
|
||||
.P
|
||||
The
|
||||
|
@ -461,7 +461,7 @@ These required disk I/O to handle.
|
|||
This counts the number of alignment faults.
|
||||
These happen when unaligned memory accesses happen; the kernel
|
||||
can handle these but it reduces performance.
|
||||
This only happens on some architectures (never on x86).
|
||||
This happens only on some architectures (never on x86).
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.BR PERF_COUNT_SW_EMULATION_FAULTS " (Since Linux 2.6.33)"
|
||||
This counts the number of emulation faults.
|
||||
|
@ -708,7 +708,7 @@ The
|
|||
.I inherit
|
||||
bit specifies that this counter should count events of child
|
||||
tasks as well as the task specified.
|
||||
This only applies to new children, not to any existing children at
|
||||
This applies only to new children, not to any existing children at
|
||||
the time the counter is created (nor to any new children of
|
||||
existing children).
|
||||
|
||||
|
@ -722,7 +722,7 @@ The
|
|||
.I pinned
|
||||
bit specifies that the counter should always be on the CPU if at all
|
||||
possible.
|
||||
It only applies to hardware counters and only to group leaders.
|
||||
It applies only to hardware counters and only to group leaders.
|
||||
If a pinned counter cannot be put onto the CPU (e.g., because there are
|
||||
not enough hardware counters or because of a conflict with some other
|
||||
event), then the counter goes into an 'error' state, where reads
|
||||
|
@ -782,7 +782,7 @@ is used when setting up the sampling interval.
|
|||
.IR "inherit_stat"
|
||||
This bit enables saving of event counts on context switch for
|
||||
inherited tasks.
|
||||
This is only meaningful if the
|
||||
This is meaningful only if the
|
||||
.I inherit
|
||||
field is set.
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
|
@ -1040,7 +1040,7 @@ Total time the event was enabled and running.
|
|||
Normally these are the same.
|
||||
If more events are started
|
||||
than available counter slots on the PMU, then multiplexing
|
||||
happens and events only run part of the time.
|
||||
happens and events run only part of the time.
|
||||
In that case the
|
||||
.I time_enabled
|
||||
and
|
||||
|
@ -1663,8 +1663,8 @@ file descriptor argument.
|
|||
Enabling or disabling the leader of a group enables or disables the
|
||||
entire group; that is, while the group leader is disabled, none of the
|
||||
counters in the group will count.
|
||||
Enabling or disabling a member of a group other than the leader only
|
||||
affects that counter; disabling a non-leader
|
||||
Enabling or disabling a member of a group other than the leader
|
||||
affects only that counter; disabling a non-leader
|
||||
stops that counter from counting but doesn't affect any other counter.
|
||||
|
||||
The ioctl argument is ignored.
|
||||
|
@ -1686,7 +1686,7 @@ Using an argument of 0 is considered undefined behavior.
|
|||
.B PERF_EVENT_IOC_RESET
|
||||
Reset the event count specified by the
|
||||
file descriptor argumentto zero.
|
||||
This only resets the counts; there is no way to reset the
|
||||
This resets only the counts; there is no way to reset the
|
||||
multiplexing
|
||||
.I time_enabled
|
||||
or
|
||||
|
@ -1727,7 +1727,7 @@ operations.
|
|||
This applies to all counters on the current process, whether created by
|
||||
this process or by another, and does not affect any counters that this
|
||||
process has created on other processes.
|
||||
It only enables or disables
|
||||
It enables or disables only
|
||||
the group leaders, not any other members in the groups.
|
||||
.SS perf_event related configuration files
|
||||
Files in
|
||||
|
|
10
man2/prctl.2
10
man2/prctl.2
|
@ -305,7 +305,7 @@ in the location pointed to by
|
|||
.BR PR_SET_PTRACER " (since Linux 3.4)"
|
||||
.\" commit 2d514487faf188938a4ee4fb3464eeecfbdcf8eb
|
||||
.\" commit bf06189e4d14641c0148bea16e9dd24943862215
|
||||
This is only meaningful when the Yama LSM is enabled and in mode 1
|
||||
This is meaningful only when the Yama LSM is enabled and in mode 1
|
||||
("restricted ptrace", visible via
|
||||
.IR /proc/sys/kernel/yama/ptrace_scope ).
|
||||
When a "ptracer process ID" is passed in \fIarg2\fP,
|
||||
|
@ -357,7 +357,7 @@ signal.
|
|||
Strict secure computing mode is useful for number-crunching applications
|
||||
that may need to execute untrusted byte code,
|
||||
perhaps obtained by reading from a pipe or socket.
|
||||
This operation is only available
|
||||
This operation is available only
|
||||
if the kernel is configured with
|
||||
.B CONFIG_SECCOMP
|
||||
enabled.
|
||||
|
@ -373,7 +373,7 @@ This argument is a pointer to
|
|||
.IR "struct sock_fprog" ;
|
||||
it can be designed to filter
|
||||
arbitrary system calls and system call arguments.
|
||||
This mode is only available if the kernel is configured with
|
||||
This mode is available only if the kernel is configured with
|
||||
.B CONFIG_SECCOMP_FILTER
|
||||
enabled.
|
||||
|
||||
|
@ -405,7 +405,7 @@ call will cause a
|
|||
signal to be sent to the process.
|
||||
If the caller is in filter mode, and this system call is allowed by the
|
||||
seccomp filters, it returns 2.
|
||||
This operation is only available
|
||||
This operation is available only
|
||||
if the kernel is configured with
|
||||
.B CONFIG_SECCOMP
|
||||
enabled.
|
||||
|
@ -613,7 +613,7 @@ Early kill means that the thread receives a
|
|||
.B SIGBUS
|
||||
signal as soon as hardware memory corruption is detected inside
|
||||
its address space.
|
||||
In late kill mode, the process is only killed when it accesses a corrupted page.
|
||||
In late kill mode, the process is killed only when it accesses a corrupted page.
|
||||
See
|
||||
.BR sigaction (2)
|
||||
for more information on the
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -565,7 +565,7 @@ has been stopped by a
|
|||
(or other stopping signal).
|
||||
See the "group-stop" subsection for additional information.
|
||||
.B PTRACE_LISTEN
|
||||
only works on tracees attached by
|
||||
works only on tracees attached by
|
||||
.BR PTRACE_SEIZE .
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.B PTRACE_KILL
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ is set to the minimum size needed.
|
|||
is not supported in this version of the kernel
|
||||
(e.g., the kernel is version 2.6 or later).
|
||||
.SH VERSIONS
|
||||
This system call is only present on Linux up until kernel 2.4;
|
||||
This system call is present on Linux only up until kernel 2.4;
|
||||
it was removed in Linux 2.6.
|
||||
.\" Removed in Linux 2.5.48
|
||||
.SH CONFORMING TO
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -173,8 +173,8 @@ or to return the number of bytes already read.
|
|||
.SH CONFORMING TO
|
||||
SVr4, 4.3BSD, POSIX.1-2001.
|
||||
.SH NOTES
|
||||
On NFS file systems, reading small amounts of data will only update the
|
||||
timestamp the first time, subsequent calls may not do so.
|
||||
On NFS file systems, reading small amounts of data will update the
|
||||
timestamp only the first time, subsequent calls may not do so.
|
||||
This is caused
|
||||
by client side attribute caching, because most if not all NFS clients
|
||||
leave st_atime (last file access time)
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ data will be lost.
|
|||
.BR LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_KEXEC " (since Linux 2.6.13)"
|
||||
Execute a kernel that has been loaded earlier with
|
||||
.BR kexec_load (2).
|
||||
This option is only available if the kernel was configured with
|
||||
This option is available only if the kernel was configured with
|
||||
.BR CONFIG_KEXEC .
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.B LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_POWER_OFF
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -352,7 +352,7 @@ struct cmsghdr {
|
|||
.fi
|
||||
.in
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
Ancillary data should only be accessed by the macros defined in
|
||||
Ancillary data should be accessed only by the macros defined in
|
||||
.BR cmsg (3).
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
As an example, Linux uses this ancillary data mechanism to pass extended
|
||||
|
@ -446,7 +446,7 @@ does not refer to a socket.
|
|||
4.4BSD (these function calls first appeared in 4.2BSD),
|
||||
POSIX.1-2001.
|
||||
.LP
|
||||
POSIX.1-2001 only describes the
|
||||
POSIX.1-2001 describes only the
|
||||
.BR MSG_OOB ,
|
||||
.BR MSG_PEEK ,
|
||||
and
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ The run-time instrumentation facility is not available.
|
|||
.SH VERSIONS
|
||||
This system call is available since Linux 3.7.
|
||||
.SH CONFORMING TO
|
||||
This Linux-specific system call is only available on the s390 architecture.
|
||||
This Linux-specific system call is available only on the s390 architecture.
|
||||
The run-time instrumentation facility is available beginning with System z EC12.
|
||||
.SH NOTES
|
||||
Glibc does not provide a wrapper for this system call, use
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ Processes scheduled under one of the real-time policies
|
|||
\fIsched_priority\fP value in the range 1 (low) to 99 (high).
|
||||
(As the numbers imply, real-time processes always have higher priority
|
||||
than normal processes.)
|
||||
Note well: POSIX.1-2001 only requires an implementation to support a
|
||||
Note well: POSIX.1-2001 requires an implementation to support only a
|
||||
minimum 32 distinct priority levels for the real-time policies,
|
||||
and some systems supply just this minimum.
|
||||
Portable programs should use
|
||||
|
@ -148,11 +148,11 @@ All scheduling is preemptive: if a process with a higher static
|
|||
priority becomes ready to run, the currently running process
|
||||
will be preempted and
|
||||
returned to the wait list for its static priority level.
|
||||
The scheduling policy only determines the
|
||||
ordering within the list of runnable processes with equal static
|
||||
The scheduling policy determines the
|
||||
ordering only within the list of runnable processes with equal static
|
||||
priority.
|
||||
.SS SCHED_FIFO: First in-first out scheduling
|
||||
\fBSCHED_FIFO\fP can only be used with static priorities higher than
|
||||
\fBSCHED_FIFO\fP can be used only with static priorities higher than
|
||||
0, which means that when a \fBSCHED_FIFO\fP processes becomes runnable,
|
||||
it will always immediately preempt any currently running
|
||||
\fBSCHED_OTHER\fP, \fBSCHED_BATCH\fP, or \fBSCHED_IDLE\fP process.
|
||||
|
@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ preempted by a higher priority process, or it calls
|
|||
\fBSCHED_RR\fP is a simple enhancement of \fBSCHED_FIFO\fP.
|
||||
Everything
|
||||
described above for \fBSCHED_FIFO\fP also applies to \fBSCHED_RR\fP,
|
||||
except that each process is only allowed to run for a maximum time
|
||||
except that each process is allowed to run only for a maximum time
|
||||
quantum.
|
||||
If a \fBSCHED_RR\fP process has been running for a time
|
||||
period equal to or longer than the time quantum, it will be put at the
|
||||
|
@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ retrieved using
|
|||
.\" by the process nice value -- MTK
|
||||
.\"
|
||||
.SS SCHED_OTHER: Default Linux time-sharing scheduling
|
||||
\fBSCHED_OTHER\fP can only be used at static priority 0.
|
||||
\fBSCHED_OTHER\fP can be used at only static priority 0.
|
||||
\fBSCHED_OTHER\fP is the standard Linux time-sharing scheduler that is
|
||||
intended for all processes that do not require the special
|
||||
real-time mechanisms.
|
||||
|
@ -232,7 +232,7 @@ This ensures fair progress among all \fBSCHED_OTHER\fP processes.
|
|||
.\"
|
||||
.SS SCHED_BATCH: Scheduling batch processes
|
||||
(Since Linux 2.6.16.)
|
||||
\fBSCHED_BATCH\fP can only be used at static priority 0.
|
||||
\fBSCHED_BATCH\fP can be used only at static priority 0.
|
||||
This policy is similar to \fBSCHED_OTHER\fP in that it schedules
|
||||
the process according to its dynamic priority
|
||||
(based on the nice value).
|
||||
|
@ -253,7 +253,7 @@ interactivity causing extra preemptions (between the workload's tasks).
|
|||
.\"
|
||||
.SS SCHED_IDLE: Scheduling very low priority jobs
|
||||
(Since Linux 2.6.23.)
|
||||
\fBSCHED_IDLE\fP can only be used at static priority 0;
|
||||
\fBSCHED_IDLE\fP can be used only at static priority 0;
|
||||
the process nice value has no influence for this policy.
|
||||
|
||||
This policy is intended for running jobs at extremely low
|
||||
|
@ -299,7 +299,7 @@ the nice value is reset to zero in child processes.
|
|||
After the
|
||||
.BR SCHED_RESET_ON_FORK
|
||||
flag has been enabled,
|
||||
it can only be reset if the process has the
|
||||
it can be reset only if the process has the
|
||||
.BR CAP_SYS_NICE
|
||||
capability.
|
||||
This flag is disabled in child processes created by
|
||||
|
@ -317,7 +317,7 @@ processes can set a nonzero static priority (i.e., set a real-time
|
|||
scheduling policy).
|
||||
The only change that an unprivileged process can make is to set the
|
||||
.B SCHED_OTHER
|
||||
policy, and this can only be done if the effective user ID of the caller of
|
||||
policy, and this can be done only if the effective user ID of the caller of
|
||||
.BR sched_setscheduler ()
|
||||
matches the real or effective user ID of the target process
|
||||
(i.e., the process specified by
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -384,7 +384,7 @@ If they do read/write the full amount, it's
|
|||
because you have a low traffic load and a fast stream.
|
||||
This is not always going to be the case.
|
||||
You should cope with the case of your
|
||||
functions only managing to send or receive a single byte.
|
||||
functions managing to send or receive only a single byte.
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
6.
|
||||
Never read/write only in single bytes at a time unless you are really
|
||||
|
@ -481,7 +481,7 @@ follows:
|
|||
select(0, NULL, NULL, NULL, &tv);
|
||||
.fi
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
This is only guaranteed to work on UNIX systems, however.
|
||||
This is guaranteed to work only on UNIX systems, however.
|
||||
.SH RETURN VALUE
|
||||
On success,
|
||||
.BR select ()
|
||||
|
|
10
man2/send.2
10
man2/send.2
|
@ -173,17 +173,17 @@ Only valid on
|
|||
.B SOCK_DGRAM
|
||||
and
|
||||
.B SOCK_RAW
|
||||
sockets and currently only implemented for IPv4 and IPv6.
|
||||
sockets and currently implemented only for IPv4 and IPv6.
|
||||
See
|
||||
.BR arp (7)
|
||||
for details.
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.B MSG_DONTROUTE
|
||||
Don't use a gateway to send out the packet, only send to hosts on
|
||||
Don't use a gateway to send out the packet, send to hosts only on
|
||||
directly connected networks.
|
||||
This is usually used only
|
||||
by diagnostic or routing programs.
|
||||
This is only defined for protocol
|
||||
This is defined only for protocol
|
||||
families that route; packet sockets don't.
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.BR MSG_DONTWAIT " (since Linux 2.2)"
|
||||
|
@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ with the difference that this flag can be set on a per-call basis.
|
|||
|
||||
Since Linux 2.6, this flag is also supported for UDP sockets, and informs
|
||||
the kernel to package all of the data sent in calls with this flag set
|
||||
into a single datagram which is only transmitted when a call is performed
|
||||
into a single datagram which is transmitted only when a call is performed
|
||||
that does not specify this flag.
|
||||
(See also the
|
||||
.B UDP_CORK
|
||||
|
@ -369,7 +369,7 @@ is set.
|
|||
4.4BSD, SVr4, POSIX.1-2001.
|
||||
These function calls appeared in 4.2BSD.
|
||||
.LP
|
||||
POSIX.1-2001 only describes the
|
||||
POSIX.1-2001 describes only the
|
||||
.B MSG_OOB
|
||||
and
|
||||
.B MSG_EOR
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ and of memory mapped files mapped using the
|
|||
call with the
|
||||
.B MAP_SHARED
|
||||
flag, regardless of the access type.
|
||||
The policy is only applied when a new page is allocated
|
||||
The policy is applied only when a new page is allocated
|
||||
for the process.
|
||||
For anonymous memory this is when the page is first
|
||||
touched by the application.
|
||||
|
@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ points to a bit mask of node IDs that contains up to
|
|||
bits.
|
||||
The bit mask size is rounded to the next multiple of
|
||||
.IR "sizeof(unsigned long)" ,
|
||||
but the kernel will only use bits up to
|
||||
but the kernel will use bits only up to
|
||||
.IR maxnode .
|
||||
A NULL value of
|
||||
.I nodemask
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ Explicit calls to
|
|||
.BR setfsuid (2)
|
||||
and
|
||||
.BR setfsgid ()
|
||||
are usually only used by programs such as the Linux NFS server that
|
||||
are usually used only by programs such as the Linux NFS server that
|
||||
need to change what user and group ID is used for file access without a
|
||||
corresponding change in the real and effective user and group IDs.
|
||||
A change in the normal user IDs for a program such as the NFS server
|
||||
|
@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ is a security hole that can expose it to unwanted signals.
|
|||
(But see below.)
|
||||
|
||||
.BR setfsgid ()
|
||||
will only succeed if the caller is the superuser or if
|
||||
will succeed only if the caller is the superuser or if
|
||||
.I fsgid
|
||||
matches either the real group ID, effective group ID,
|
||||
saved set-group-ID, or the current value of
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ Explicit calls to
|
|||
.BR setfsuid ()
|
||||
and
|
||||
.BR setfsgid (2)
|
||||
are usually only used by programs such as the Linux NFS server that
|
||||
are usually used only by programs such as the Linux NFS server that
|
||||
need to change what user and group ID is used for file access without a
|
||||
corresponding change in the real and effective user and group IDs.
|
||||
A change in the normal user IDs for a program such as the NFS server
|
||||
|
@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ is a security hole that can expose it to unwanted signals.
|
|||
(But see below.)
|
||||
|
||||
.BR setfsuid ()
|
||||
will only succeed if the caller is the superuser or if
|
||||
will succeed only if the caller is the superuser or if
|
||||
.I fsuid
|
||||
matches either the real user ID, effective user ID, saved set-user-ID, or
|
||||
the current value of
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ or resume (i.e., they receive
|
|||
.BR SIGCONT )
|
||||
(see
|
||||
.BR wait (2)).
|
||||
This flag is only meaningful when establishing a handler for
|
||||
This flag is meaningful only when establishing a handler for
|
||||
.BR SIGCHLD .
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.BR SA_NOCLDWAIT " (since Linux 2.6)"
|
||||
|
@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ is
|
|||
do not transform children into zombies when they terminate.
|
||||
See also
|
||||
.BR waitpid (2).
|
||||
This flag is only meaningful when establishing a handler for
|
||||
This flag is meaningful only when establishing a handler for
|
||||
.BR SIGCHLD ,
|
||||
or when setting that signal's disposition to
|
||||
.BR SIG_DFL .
|
||||
|
@ -214,7 +214,7 @@ on some other implementations, it is not.
|
|||
.B SA_NODEFER
|
||||
Do not prevent the signal from being received from within its own signal
|
||||
handler.
|
||||
This flag is only meaningful when establishing a signal handler.
|
||||
This flag is meaningful only when establishing a signal handler.
|
||||
.B SA_NOMASK
|
||||
is an obsolete, nonstandard synonym for this flag.
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
|
@ -222,18 +222,18 @@ is an obsolete, nonstandard synonym for this flag.
|
|||
Call the signal handler on an alternate signal stack provided by
|
||||
.BR sigaltstack (2).
|
||||
If an alternate stack is not available, the default stack will be used.
|
||||
This flag is only meaningful when establishing a signal handler.
|
||||
This flag is meaningful only when establishing a signal handler.
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.BR SA_RESETHAND
|
||||
Restore the signal action to the default upon entry to the signal handler.
|
||||
This flag is only meaningful when establishing a signal handler.
|
||||
This flag is meaningful only when establishing a signal handler.
|
||||
.B SA_ONESHOT
|
||||
is an obsolete, nonstandard synonym for this flag.
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.B SA_RESTART
|
||||
Provide behavior compatible with BSD signal semantics by making certain
|
||||
system calls restartable across signals.
|
||||
This flag is only meaningful when establishing a signal handler.
|
||||
This flag is meaningful only when establishing a signal handler.
|
||||
See
|
||||
.BR signal (7)
|
||||
for a discussion of system call restarting.
|
||||
|
@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ In this case,
|
|||
.I sa_sigaction
|
||||
should be set instead of
|
||||
.IR sa_handler .
|
||||
This flag is only meaningful when establishing a signal handler.
|
||||
This flag is meaningful only when establishing a signal handler.
|
||||
.\" (The
|
||||
.\" .I sa_sigaction
|
||||
.\" field was added in Linux 2.1.86.)
|
||||
|
@ -293,8 +293,8 @@ siginfo_t {
|
|||
are defined for all signals.
|
||||
.RI ( si_errno
|
||||
is generally unused on Linux.)
|
||||
The rest of the struct may be a union, so that one should only
|
||||
read the fields that are meaningful for the given signal:
|
||||
The rest of the struct may be a union, so that one should
|
||||
read only the fields that are meaningful for the given signal:
|
||||
.IP * 2
|
||||
Signals sent with
|
||||
.BR kill (2)
|
||||
|
@ -719,7 +719,7 @@ signal and perform a
|
|||
.BR wait (2)
|
||||
or similar.
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
POSIX.1-1990 only specified
|
||||
POSIX.1-1990 specified only
|
||||
.BR SA_NOCLDSTOP .
|
||||
POSIX.1-2001 added
|
||||
.BR SA_NOCLDWAIT ,
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -248,7 +248,7 @@ The
|
|||
.BR spu_create ()
|
||||
system call was added to Linux in kernel 2.6.16.
|
||||
.SH CONFORMING TO
|
||||
This call is Linux-specific and only implemented on the PowerPC
|
||||
This call is Linux-specific and implemented only on the PowerPC
|
||||
architecture.
|
||||
Programs using this system call are not portable.
|
||||
.SH NOTES
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ SPU has tried to access an invalid channel.
|
|||
The bits masked with this value contain the code returned from a
|
||||
.BR stop-and-signal
|
||||
instruction.
|
||||
These bits are only valid if the 0x02 bit is set.
|
||||
These bits are valid only if the 0x02 bit is set.
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
If
|
||||
.BR spu_run ()
|
||||
|
@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ The
|
|||
.BR spu_run ()
|
||||
system call was added to Linux in kernel 2.6.16.
|
||||
.SH CONFORMING TO
|
||||
This call is Linux-specific and only implemented by the PowerPC
|
||||
This call is Linux-specific and implemented only by the PowerPC
|
||||
architecture.
|
||||
Programs using this system call are not portable.
|
||||
.SH NOTES
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ The time, pointed
|
|||
to by \fIt\fP, is measured in seconds since the
|
||||
Epoch, 1970-01-01 00:00:00 +0000 (UTC).
|
||||
.BR stime ()
|
||||
may only be executed by the superuser.
|
||||
may be executed only by the superuser.
|
||||
.SH RETURN VALUE
|
||||
On success, zero is returned.
|
||||
On error, \-1 is returned, and
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ if the swap device supports the discard or trim operation.
|
|||
but often it does not.)
|
||||
See also NOTES.
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
These functions may only be used by a privileged process (one having the
|
||||
These functions may be used only by a privileged process (one having the
|
||||
.B CAP_SYS_ADMIN
|
||||
capability).
|
||||
.SS Priority
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ at most \fIlen\fP bytes into the buffer pointed to by
|
|||
.IR bufp .
|
||||
The call returns the number of bytes read.
|
||||
Bytes read from the log disappear from the log buffer:
|
||||
the information can only be read once.
|
||||
the information can be read only once.
|
||||
This is the function executed by the kernel when a user program reads
|
||||
.IR /proc/kmsg .
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ field specifies a kernel thread ID, that is, the value returned by
|
|||
.BR clone (2)
|
||||
or
|
||||
.BR gettid (2).
|
||||
This flag is only intended for use by threading libraries.
|
||||
This flag is intended only for use by threading libraries.
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
Specifying
|
||||
.I sevp
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ This allows an application to avoid the overhead of making
|
|||
a system call to obtain the overrun count,
|
||||
but is a nonportable extension to POSIX.1-2001.
|
||||
|
||||
POSIX.1-2001 only discusses timer overruns in the context of
|
||||
POSIX.1-2001 discusses timer overruns only in the context of
|
||||
timer notifications using signals.
|
||||
.\" FIXME . Austin bug filed, 11 Feb 09
|
||||
.SH BUGS
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -136,8 +136,8 @@ are automatically included in the
|
|||
.I tms_cstime
|
||||
and
|
||||
.I tms_cutime
|
||||
fields, although POSIX.1-2001 says that this should only happen
|
||||
if the calling process
|
||||
fields, although POSIX.1-2001 says that this should happen
|
||||
only if the calling process
|
||||
.BR wait (2)s
|
||||
on its children.
|
||||
This nonconformance is rectified in Linux 2.6.9 and later.
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -48,14 +48,14 @@ in the thread group
|
|||
.IR tgid .
|
||||
(By contrast,
|
||||
.BR kill (2)
|
||||
can only be used to send a signal to a process (i.e., thread group)
|
||||
can be used to send a signal only to a process (i.e., thread group)
|
||||
as a whole, and the signal will be delivered to an arbitrary
|
||||
thread within that process.)
|
||||
|
||||
.BR tkill ()
|
||||
is an obsolete predecessor to
|
||||
.BR tgkill ().
|
||||
It only allows the target thread ID to be specified,
|
||||
It allows only the target thread ID to be specified,
|
||||
which may result in the wrong thread being signaled if a thread
|
||||
terminates and its thread ID is recycled.
|
||||
Avoid using this system call.
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ The caller does not have the required privileges.
|
|||
and
|
||||
.BR MNT_EXPIRE
|
||||
.\" http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=10092
|
||||
are only available in glibc since version 2.11.
|
||||
are available in glibc since version 2.11.
|
||||
.SH CONFORMING TO
|
||||
These functions are Linux-specific and should not be used in
|
||||
programs intended to be portable.
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ Some system calls, like
|
|||
.BR iopl (2),
|
||||
and
|
||||
.BR vm86 (2)
|
||||
only exist on certain architectures.
|
||||
exist only on certain architectures.
|
||||
|
||||
Some system calls, like
|
||||
.BR ipc (2),
|
||||
|
@ -60,6 +60,6 @@ Some system calls, like
|
|||
.BR init_module (2),
|
||||
and
|
||||
.BR delete_module (2)
|
||||
only exist when the Linux kernel was built with support for them.
|
||||
exist only when the Linux kernel was built with support for them.
|
||||
.SH SEE ALSO
|
||||
.BR syscalls (2)
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ SVr4.
|
|||
.\" but has no ENOSYS condition.
|
||||
.SH NOTES
|
||||
.BR ustat ()
|
||||
is deprecated and has only been provided for compatibility.
|
||||
is deprecated and has been provided only for compatibility.
|
||||
All new programs should use
|
||||
.BR statfs (2)
|
||||
instead.
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ architecture.
|
|||
.B EPERM
|
||||
Saved kernel stack exists.
|
||||
(This is a kernel sanity check; the saved
|
||||
stack should only exist within vm86 mode itself.)
|
||||
stack should exist only within vm86 mode itself.)
|
||||
.SH CONFORMING TO
|
||||
This call is specific to Linux on 32-bit Intel processors,
|
||||
and should not be used in programs intended to be portable.
|
||||
|
|
10
man2/wait.2
10
man2/wait.2
|
@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ argument that the child specified in a call to
|
|||
or
|
||||
.BR _exit (2)
|
||||
or as the argument for a return statement in main().
|
||||
This macro should only be employed if
|
||||
This macro should be employed only if
|
||||
.B WIFEXITED
|
||||
returned true.
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
|
@ -206,13 +206,13 @@ returns true if the child process was terminated by a signal.
|
|||
.BI WTERMSIG( status )
|
||||
returns the number of the signal that caused the child process to
|
||||
terminate.
|
||||
This macro should only be employed if
|
||||
This macro should be employed only if
|
||||
.B WIFSIGNALED
|
||||
returned true.
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.BI WCOREDUMP( status )
|
||||
returns true if the child produced a core dump.
|
||||
This macro should only be employed if
|
||||
This macro should be employed only if
|
||||
.B WIFSIGNALED
|
||||
returned true.
|
||||
This macro is not specified in POSIX.1-2001 and is not available on
|
||||
|
@ -221,14 +221,14 @@ Only use this enclosed in #ifdef WCOREDUMP ... #endif.
|
|||
.TP
|
||||
.BI WIFSTOPPED( status )
|
||||
returns true if the child process was stopped by delivery of a signal;
|
||||
this is only possible if the call was done using
|
||||
this is possible only if the call was done using
|
||||
.B WUNTRACED
|
||||
or when the child is being traced (see
|
||||
.BR ptrace (2)).
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.BI WSTOPSIG( status )
|
||||
returns the number of the signal which caused the child to stop.
|
||||
This macro should only be employed if
|
||||
This macro should be employed only if
|
||||
.B WIFSTOPPED
|
||||
returned true.
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ Returns the absolute value of the integer argument, of the appropriate
|
|||
integer type for the function.
|
||||
.SH CONFORMING TO
|
||||
SVr4, POSIX.1-2001, 4.3BSD, C99.
|
||||
.\" POSIX.1 (1996 edition) only requires the
|
||||
.\" POSIX.1 (1996 edition) requires only the
|
||||
.\" .BR abs ()
|
||||
.\" function.
|
||||
C89 only
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ On error the request is not enqueued, \-1
|
|||
is returned, and
|
||||
.I errno
|
||||
is set appropriately.
|
||||
If an error is only detected later, it will
|
||||
If an error is detected only later, it will
|
||||
be reported via
|
||||
.BR aio_return (3)
|
||||
(returns status \-1) and
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ On error the request is not enqueued, \-1
|
|||
is returned, and
|
||||
.I errno
|
||||
is set appropriately.
|
||||
If an error is only detected later, it will
|
||||
If an error is detected only later, it will
|
||||
be reported via
|
||||
.BR aio_return (3)
|
||||
(returns status \-1) and
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ for details.
|
|||
The use of
|
||||
.I sighandler_t
|
||||
is a GNU extension;
|
||||
this type is only defined if the
|
||||
this type is defined only if the
|
||||
.B _GNU_SOURCE
|
||||
feature test macro is defined.
|
||||
.SH SEE ALSO
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ returns the value
|
|||
.SH CONFORMING TO
|
||||
POSIX.1-2001.
|
||||
.SH NOTES
|
||||
These functions are only available in libc.so.4.4.4c and above.
|
||||
These functions are available only in libc.so.4.4.4c and above.
|
||||
The Jan 1987 X/Open Portability Guide specifies a more subtle
|
||||
error return:
|
||||
.I message
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ and
|
|||
but changed its mind and scheduled these functions for some
|
||||
later issue of this standard (cf. B.4.6.1).
|
||||
However, POSIX.1-2001
|
||||
only adds
|
||||
adds only
|
||||
.BR putenv (3),
|
||||
and rejected
|
||||
.BR clearenv ().
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -52,8 +52,8 @@ See their manual pages for more information.
|
|||
Ancillary data is a sequence of
|
||||
.I struct cmsghdr
|
||||
structures with appended data.
|
||||
This sequence should only be accessed
|
||||
using the macros described in this manual page and never directly.
|
||||
This sequence should be accessed
|
||||
using only the macros described in this manual page and never directly.
|
||||
See the specific protocol man pages for the available control message types.
|
||||
The maximum ancillary buffer size allowed per socket can be set using
|
||||
.IR /proc/sys/net/core/optmem_max ;
|
||||
|
@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ the IPv6 advanced API described in RFC\ 2292 and the SUSv2.
|
|||
.BR CMSG_ALIGN ()
|
||||
is a Linux extension.
|
||||
.SH NOTES
|
||||
For portability, ancillary data should be accessed only using the macros
|
||||
For portability, ancillary data should be accessed using only the macros
|
||||
described here.
|
||||
.BR CMSG_ALIGN ()
|
||||
is a Linux extension and should be not used in portable programs.
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ are available only for the
|
|||
.B DB_RECNO
|
||||
access method because they each imply that the access method is able to
|
||||
create new keys.
|
||||
This is only true if the keys are ordered and independent, record numbers
|
||||
This is true only if the keys are ordered and independent, record numbers
|
||||
for example.
|
||||
.IP
|
||||
The default behavior of the
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ returns the file descriptor associated with the directory stream
|
|||
.IR dirp .
|
||||
.LP
|
||||
This descriptor is the one used internally by the directory stream.
|
||||
As a result, it is only useful for functions which do not depend on
|
||||
As a result, it is useful only for functions which do not depend on
|
||||
or alter the file position, such as
|
||||
.BR fstat (2)
|
||||
and
|
||||
|
@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ This function was a BSD extension, present in 4.3BSD-Reno, not in 4.2BSD.
|
|||
.SH NOTES
|
||||
The prototype for
|
||||
.BR dirfd ()
|
||||
is only available if
|
||||
is available only if
|
||||
.B _BSD_SOURCE
|
||||
or
|
||||
.B _SVID_SOURCE
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ One of the following two values must be included in
|
|||
Perform lazy binding.
|
||||
Only resolve symbols as the code that references them is executed.
|
||||
If the symbol is never referenced, then it is never resolved.
|
||||
(Lazy binding is only performed for function references;
|
||||
(Lazy binding is performed only for function references;
|
||||
references to variables are always immediately bound when
|
||||
the library is loaded.)
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
|
@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ has been called on it as many times as
|
|||
has succeeded on it.
|
||||
The
|
||||
.BR _init ()
|
||||
routine, if present, is only called once.
|
||||
routine, if present, is called only once.
|
||||
But a subsequent call with
|
||||
.B RTLD_NOW
|
||||
may force symbol resolution for a library earlier loaded with
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ with the path of the file as its first argument.
|
|||
.SH RETURN VALUE
|
||||
The
|
||||
.BR exec ()
|
||||
functions only return if an error has occurred.
|
||||
functions return only if an error has occurred.
|
||||
The return value is \-1, and
|
||||
.I errno
|
||||
is set to indicate the error.
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -272,7 +272,7 @@ which represents an environment where every exception raised causes a
|
|||
trap to occur.
|
||||
You can test for this macro using
|
||||
.BR #ifdef .
|
||||
It is only defined if
|
||||
It is defined only if
|
||||
.B _GNU_SOURCE
|
||||
is defined.
|
||||
The C99 standard does not define a way to set individual bits in the
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -73,8 +73,7 @@ The function
|
|||
tests the end-of-file indicator for the stream pointed to by
|
||||
.IR stream ,
|
||||
returning nonzero if it is set.
|
||||
The end-of-file indicator can only be
|
||||
cleared by the function
|
||||
The end-of-file indicator can be cleared only by the function
|
||||
.BR clearerr ().
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
The function
|
||||
|
@ -82,7 +81,7 @@ The function
|
|||
tests the error indicator for the stream pointed to by
|
||||
.IR stream ,
|
||||
returning nonzero if it is set.
|
||||
The error indicator can only be reset by the
|
||||
The error indicator can be reset only by the
|
||||
.BR clearerr ()
|
||||
function.
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ to allow for this.
|
|||
Attempts to write more than
|
||||
.I size
|
||||
bytes to the buffer result in an error.
|
||||
(By default, such errors will only be visible when the
|
||||
(By default, such errors will be visible only when the
|
||||
.I stdio
|
||||
buffer is flushed.
|
||||
Disabling buffering with
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ matched if it matches an initial segment of
|
|||
.I string
|
||||
which is followed by a slash.
|
||||
This flag is mainly for the internal
|
||||
use of glibc and is only implemented in certain cases.
|
||||
use of glibc and is implemented only in certain cases.
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.B FNM_CASEFOLD
|
||||
If this flag (a GNU extension) is set, the pattern is matched
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ Currently,
|
|||
.\" As at glibc 2.4:
|
||||
use of
|
||||
.BR mmap (2)
|
||||
is only attempted for a file opened for reading.
|
||||
is attempted only for a file opened for reading.
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.B x
|
||||
.\" Since glibc 2.0?
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ is available since glibc 2.6, and is implemented using the
|
|||
system call, which is supported since kernel 2.6.22.
|
||||
.SH CONFORMING TO
|
||||
These functions are not specified in any standard.
|
||||
Other than Linux, they are only available on the BSDs.
|
||||
Other than Linux, they are available only on the BSDs.
|
||||
.SH SEE ALSO
|
||||
.BR utime (2),
|
||||
.BR utimensat (2),
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -378,8 +378,8 @@ includes the
|
|||
flag, then IPv4 addresses are returned in the list pointed to by
|
||||
.I res
|
||||
only if the local system has at least one
|
||||
IPv4 address configured, and IPv6 addresses are only returned
|
||||
if the local system has at least one IPv6 address configured.
|
||||
IPv4 address configured, and IPv6 addresses are returned
|
||||
only if the local system has at least one IPv6 address configured.
|
||||
The loopback address is not considered for this case as valid
|
||||
as a configured address.
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
|
@ -542,7 +542,7 @@ The requested service is not available for the requested socket type.
|
|||
It may be available through another socket type.
|
||||
For example, this error could occur if
|
||||
.I service
|
||||
was "shell" (a service only available on stream sockets), and either
|
||||
was "shell" (a service available only on stream sockets), and either
|
||||
.I hints.ai_protocol
|
||||
was
|
||||
.BR IPPROTO_UDP ,
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -163,9 +163,9 @@ or
|
|||
The
|
||||
.BR getifaddrs ()
|
||||
function first appeared in glibc 2.3, but before glibc 2.3.3,
|
||||
the implementation only supported IPv4 addresses;
|
||||
the implementation supported only IPv4 addresses;
|
||||
IPv6 support was added in glibc 2.3.3.
|
||||
Support of address families other than IPv4 is only available
|
||||
Support of address families other than IPv4 is available only
|
||||
on kernels that support netlink.
|
||||
.SH CONFORMING TO
|
||||
Not in POSIX.1-2001.
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ These functions replace the
|
|||
.BR gethostbyname (3)
|
||||
and
|
||||
.BR gethostbyaddr (3)
|
||||
functions, which could only access the IPv4 network address family.
|
||||
functions, which could access only the IPv4 network address family.
|
||||
The
|
||||
.BR getipnodebyname ()
|
||||
and
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ and
|
|||
.I key
|
||||
was not found in the table.
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
POSIX.1-2001 only specifies the
|
||||
POSIX.1-2001 specifies only the
|
||||
.B ENOMEM
|
||||
error.
|
||||
.SH CONFORMING TO
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -98,8 +98,8 @@ or
|
|||
The
|
||||
.BR if_nameindex ()
|
||||
function first appeared in glibc 2.1, but before glibc 2.3.4,
|
||||
the implementation only supported interfaces with IPv4 addresses.
|
||||
Support of interfaces that don't have IPv4 addresses is only available
|
||||
the implementation supported only interfaces with IPv4 addresses.
|
||||
Support of interfaces that don't have IPv4 addresses is available only
|
||||
on kernels that support netlink.
|
||||
.SH CONFORMING TO
|
||||
RFC\ 3493, POSIX.1-2001.
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ and
|
|||
supports IPv6 addresses.
|
||||
On the other hand,
|
||||
.BR inet_pton ()
|
||||
only accepts IPv4 addresses in dotted-decimal notation, whereas
|
||||
accepts only IPv4 addresses in dotted-decimal notation, whereas
|
||||
.BR inet_aton (3)
|
||||
and
|
||||
.BR inet_addr (3)
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -28,8 +28,7 @@ If \fIs\fP is not a NULL pointer, the
|
|||
function inspects at most
|
||||
\fIn\fP bytes of the multibyte string starting at \fIs\fP and extracts the
|
||||
next complete multibyte character.
|
||||
It uses a static anonymous shift state only
|
||||
known to the
|
||||
It uses a static anonymous shift state known only to the
|
||||
.BR mblen ()
|
||||
function.
|
||||
If the multibyte character is not the null wide
|
||||
|
@ -54,7 +53,7 @@ If \fIs\fP is a NULL pointer, the
|
|||
function
|
||||
.\" The Dinkumware doc and the Single UNIX specification say this, but
|
||||
.\" glibc doesn't implement this.
|
||||
resets the shift state, only known to this function, to the initial state, and
|
||||
resets the shift state, known to only this function, to the initial state, and
|
||||
returns nonzero if the encoding has nontrivial shift state, or zero if the
|
||||
encoding is stateless.
|
||||
.SH RETURN VALUE
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ returns
|
|||
In this case,
|
||||
the effects on \fI*ps\fP are undefined.
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
If \fIps\fP is a NULL pointer, a static anonymous state only known to the
|
||||
If \fIps\fP is a NULL pointer, a static anonymous state known only to the
|
||||
.BR mbrlen ()
|
||||
function is used instead.
|
||||
.SH RETURN VALUE
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ and that no length limit exists.
|
|||
.PP
|
||||
In both of the above cases,
|
||||
if \fIps\fP is a NULL pointer, a static anonymous
|
||||
state only known to the
|
||||
state known only to the
|
||||
.BR mbsrtowcs ()
|
||||
function is used instead.
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ bytes of the multibyte string starting at \fIs\fP,
|
|||
extracts the next complete
|
||||
multibyte character, converts it to a wide character and stores it at
|
||||
\fI*pwc\fP.
|
||||
It updates an internal shift state only known to the
|
||||
It updates an internal shift state known only to the
|
||||
.BR mbtowc ()
|
||||
function.
|
||||
If \fIs\fP does not point to a null byte (\(aq\\0\(aq), it returns the number
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ This can be very slow!
|
|||
The
|
||||
.BR mcheck_check_all ()
|
||||
function causes an immediate check on all allocated blocks.
|
||||
This call is only effective if
|
||||
This call is effective only if
|
||||
.BR mcheck ()
|
||||
is called beforehand.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ on the
|
|||
encrypted memory area.
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
Note that this function is not a proper encryption routine as the XOR
|
||||
constant is fixed, and is only suitable for hiding strings.
|
||||
constant is fixed, and is suitable only for hiding strings.
|
||||
.SH RETURN VALUE
|
||||
The
|
||||
.BR memfrob ()
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -106,11 +106,11 @@ notifications for this message queue, then the registration is removed;
|
|||
another process can then register to receive a message notification
|
||||
for this queue.
|
||||
|
||||
Message notification only occurs when a new message arrives and
|
||||
Message notification occurs only when a new message arrives and
|
||||
the queue was previously empty.
|
||||
If the queue was not empty at the time
|
||||
.BR mq_notify ()
|
||||
was called, then a notification will only occur after
|
||||
was called, then a notification will occur only after
|
||||
the queue is emptied and a new message arrives.
|
||||
|
||||
If another process or thread is waiting to read a message
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ They are similar in spirit to the macros defined in
|
|||
.BR cmsg (3)
|
||||
for auxiliary data.
|
||||
The buffer passed to and from a netlink socket should
|
||||
only be accessed using these macros.
|
||||
be accessed using only these macros.
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.BR NLMSG_ALIGN ()
|
||||
Round the length of a netlink message up to align it properly.
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -243,9 +243,9 @@ Some systems provide no way to reclaim memory allocated with
|
|||
.BR memalign ()
|
||||
or
|
||||
.BR valloc ()
|
||||
(because one can only pass to
|
||||
(because one can pass to
|
||||
.BR free (3)
|
||||
a pointer obtained from
|
||||
only a pointer obtained from
|
||||
.BR malloc (3),
|
||||
while, for example,
|
||||
.BR memalign ()
|
||||
|
@ -265,8 +265,8 @@ reclaimed with
|
|||
|
||||
The glibc
|
||||
.BR malloc (3)
|
||||
always returns 8-byte aligned memory addresses, so these functions are only
|
||||
needed if you require larger alignment values.
|
||||
always returns 8-byte aligned memory addresses, so these functions are
|
||||
needed only if you require larger alignment values.
|
||||
.SH SEE ALSO
|
||||
.BR brk (2),
|
||||
.BR getpagesize (2),
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -546,7 +546,7 @@ A following integer conversion corresponds to a
|
|||
.I ptrdiff_t
|
||||
argument.
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
The SUSv2 only knows about the length modifiers
|
||||
The SUSv2 knows about only the length modifiers
|
||||
.B h
|
||||
(in
|
||||
.BR hd ,
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ were created with the
|
|||
.B PTHREAD_SCOPE_SYSTEM
|
||||
contention scope.
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
POSIX.1-2001 only requires that an implementation support one of these
|
||||
POSIX.1-2001 requires that an implementation support only one of these
|
||||
contention scopes, but permits both to be supported.
|
||||
Linux supports
|
||||
.BR PTHREAD_SCOPE_SYSTEM ,
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ containing \(aq\fB{\fP\(aq and \(aq\fB}\fP\(aq, respectively.
|
|||
For this reason, the caller must ensure that calls to these
|
||||
functions are paired within the same function,
|
||||
and at the same lexical nesting level.
|
||||
(In other words, a clean-up handler is only established
|
||||
(In other words, a clean-up handler is established only
|
||||
during the execution of a specified section of code.)
|
||||
|
||||
Calling
|
||||
|
@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ and
|
|||
functions \fIare\fP implemented as macros that expand to text
|
||||
containing \(aq\fB{\fP\(aq and \(aq\fB}\fP\(aq, respectively.
|
||||
This means that variables declared within the scope of
|
||||
paired calls to these functions will only be visible within that scope.
|
||||
paired calls to these functions will be visible within only that scope.
|
||||
|
||||
POSIX.1
|
||||
.\" The text was actually added in the 2004 TC2
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ pthread_kill_other_threads_np \- terminate all other threads in process
|
|||
.fi
|
||||
.SH DESCRIPTION
|
||||
.BR pthread_kill_other_threads_np ()
|
||||
only has an effect in the LinuxThreads threading implementation.
|
||||
has an effect only in the LinuxThreads threading implementation.
|
||||
On that implementation,
|
||||
calling this function causes the immediate termination of
|
||||
all threads in the application,
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ Thread identifiers should be considered opaque:
|
|||
any attempt to use a thread ID other than in pthreads calls
|
||||
is nonportable and can lead to unspecified results.
|
||||
|
||||
Thread IDs are only guaranteed to be unique within a process.
|
||||
Thread IDs are guaranteed to be unique only within a process.
|
||||
A thread ID may be reused after a terminated thread has been joined,
|
||||
or a detached thread has terminated.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ if cancellation occurs in the middle of the function call.
|
|||
Consequently, clean-up handlers cease to be useful.
|
||||
Functions that can be safely asynchronously canceled are called
|
||||
.IR "async-cancel-safe functions" .
|
||||
POSIX.1-2001 only requires that
|
||||
POSIX.1-2001 requires only that
|
||||
.BR pthread_cancel (3),
|
||||
.BR pthread_setcancelstate (),
|
||||
and
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ The
|
|||
function informs the implementation of the application's
|
||||
desired concurrency level, specified in
|
||||
.IR new_level .
|
||||
The implementation only takes this as a hint:
|
||||
The implementation takes this only as a hint:
|
||||
POSIX.1 does not specify the level of concurrency that
|
||||
should be provided as a result of calling
|
||||
.BR pthread_setconcurrency ().
|
||||
|
@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ POSIX.1-2001.
|
|||
.SH NOTES
|
||||
The default concurrency level is 0.
|
||||
|
||||
Concurrency levels are only meaningful for M:N threading implementations,
|
||||
Concurrency levels are meaningful only for M:N threading implementations,
|
||||
where at any moment a subset of a process's set of user-level threads
|
||||
may be bound to a smaller number of kernel-scheduling entities.
|
||||
Setting the concurrency level allows the application to
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ pthread_kill(pthread_self(), sig);
|
|||
.PP
|
||||
If the signal causes a handler to be called,
|
||||
.BR raise ()
|
||||
will only return after the signal handler has returned.
|
||||
will return only after the signal handler has returned.
|
||||
.SH RETURN VALUE
|
||||
.BR raise ()
|
||||
returns 0 on success, and nonzero for failure.
|
||||
|
|
Some files were not shown because too many files have changed in this diff Show More
Loading…
Reference in New Issue