2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.\" Copyright (c) 1993 Michael Haardt (michael@moria.de),
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.\" Fri Apr 2 11:32:09 MET DST 1993
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.\" and Andries Brouwer (aeb@cwi.nl), Fri Feb 14 21:47:50 1997.
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.\"
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getent.1, _syscall.2, acct.2, adjtimex.2, bdflush.2, brk.2, cacheflush.2, getsid.2, getxattr.2, inotify_add_watch.2, inotify_init.2, inotify_rm_watch.2, ioperm.2, ipc.2, listxattr.2, mlock.2, modify_ldt.2, mremap.2, nanosleep.2, outb.2, perf_event_open.2, ptrace.2, removexattr.2, s390_runtime_instr.2, sched_get_priority_max.2, sched_rr_get_interval.2, sched_setaffinity.2, sched_setparam.2, sched_setscheduler.2, sched_yield.2, setsid.2, setxattr.2, socketcall.2, unimplemented.2, aio_cancel.3, aio_error.3, aio_fsync.3, aio_read.3, aio_return.3, aio_suspend.3, aio_write.3, cfree.3, crypt.3, dlopen.3, encrypt.3, errno.3, fenv.3, ftime.3, ftw.3, getgrent_r.3, getpass.3, getpwent_r.3, getutent.3, hsearch.3, lio_listio.3, lockf.3, login.3, longjmp.3, perror.3, printf.3, scandirat.3, setjmp.3, strfmon.3, strtoimax.3, termios.3, ttyname.3, ualarm.3, updwtmp.3, wcstoimax.3, wordexp.3, console_ioctl.4, dsp56k.4, fd.4, hd.4, intro.4, lp.4, mem.4, null.4, ram.4, rtc.4, sk98lin.4, tty.4, ttyS.4, vcs.4, filesystems.5, group.5, host.conf.5, hosts.5, intro.5, issue.5, motd.5, networks.5, nologin.5, nsswitch.conf.5, passwd.5, proc.5, protocols.5, securetty.5, shells.5, termcap.5, ttytype.5, utmp.5, intro.6, armscii-8.7, ascii.7, bootparam.7, cp1251.7, environ.7, glob.7, intro.7, iso_8859-1.7, iso_8859-10.7, iso_8859-11.7, iso_8859-13.7, iso_8859-14.7, iso_8859-15.7, iso_8859-16.7, iso_8859-2.7, iso_8859-3.7, iso_8859-4.7, iso_8859-5.7, iso_8859-6.7, iso_8859-7.7, iso_8859-8.7, iso_8859-9.7, koi8-r.7, koi8-u.7, posixoptions.7, standards.7, unicode.7, utf-8.7, intro.8: s/GPLv2+_doc_full/GPLv2+_DOC_FULL/
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2013-03-10 09:29:46 +00:00
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.\" %%%LICENSE_START(GPLv2+_DOC_FULL)
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.\" This is free documentation; you can redistribute it and/or
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.\" modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
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.\" published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of
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.\" the License, or (at your option) any later version.
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.\"
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.\" The GNU General Public License's references to "object code"
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.\" and "executables" are to be interpreted as the output of any
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.\" document formatting or typesetting system, including
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.\" intermediate and printed output.
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.\"
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.\" This manual is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
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.\" but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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.\" MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
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.\" GNU General Public License for more details.
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.\"
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.\" You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
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getent.1, _syscall.2, acct.2, adjtimex.2, bdflush.2, brk.2, cacheflush.2, getsid.2, getxattr.2, inotify_add_watch.2, inotify_init.2, inotify_rm_watch.2, ioperm.2, ipc.2, listxattr.2, mlock.2, modify_ldt.2, mremap.2, nanosleep.2, outb.2, ptrace.2, removexattr.2, sched_get_priority_max.2, sched_rr_get_interval.2, sched_setaffinity.2, sched_setparam.2, sched_setscheduler.2, sched_yield.2, setsid.2, setxattr.2, socketcall.2, unimplemented.2, aio_cancel.3, aio_error.3, aio_fsync.3, aio_read.3, aio_return.3, aio_suspend.3, aio_write.3, cfree.3, crypt.3, dlopen.3, errno.3, fenv.3, ftime.3, ftw.3, getgrent_r.3, getpass.3, getpwent_r.3, getutent.3, hsearch.3, lio_listio.3, login.3, longjmp.3, perror.3, printf.3, scandirat.3, setjmp.3, strfmon.3, strtoimax.3, termios.3, ttyname.3, ualarm.3, wcstoimax.3, wordexp.3, console_ioctl.4, dsp56k.4, fd.4, hd.4, intro.4, lp.4, mem.4, null.4, ram.4, rtc.4, sk98lin.4, tty.4, ttyS.4, vcs.4, charmap.5, filesystems.5, ftpusers.5, gai.conf.5, group.5, host.conf.5, hosts.5, intro.5, issue.5, locale.5, motd.5, networks.5, nologin.5, nscd.conf.5, nss.5, nsswitch.conf.5, passwd.5, proc.5, protocols.5, securetty.5, shells.5, termcap.5, ttytype.5, utmp.5, intro.6, armscii-8.7, ascii.7, bootparam.7, cp1251.7, cpuset.7, environ.7, glob.7, intro.7, iso_8859-1.7, iso_8859-10.7, iso_8859-11.7, iso_8859-13.7, iso_8859-14.7, iso_8859-15.7, iso_8859-16.7, iso_8859-2.7, iso_8859-3.7, iso_8859-4.7, iso_8859-5.7, iso_8859-6.7, iso_8859-7.7, iso_8859-8.7, iso_8859-9.7, koi8-r.7, koi8-u.7, posixoptions.7, standards.7, unicode.7, utf-8.7, intro.8, ldconfig.8, nscd.8: Global fix: Update info in source comments on where to get a copy of the GPL
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2013-03-10 09:28:43 +00:00
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.\" License along with this manual; if not, see
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.\" <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
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getent.1, _syscall.2, acct.2, adjtimex.2, bdflush.2, brk.2, cacheflush.2, getsid.2, getxattr.2, inotify_add_watch.2, inotify_init.2, inotify_rm_watch.2, ioperm.2, ipc.2, listxattr.2, mlock.2, modify_ldt.2, mremap.2, nanosleep.2, outb.2, perf_event_open.2, ptrace.2, removexattr.2, s390_runtime_instr.2, sched_get_priority_max.2, sched_rr_get_interval.2, sched_setaffinity.2, sched_setparam.2, sched_setscheduler.2, sched_yield.2, setsid.2, setxattr.2, socketcall.2, unimplemented.2, aio_cancel.3, aio_error.3, aio_fsync.3, aio_read.3, aio_return.3, aio_suspend.3, aio_write.3, cfree.3, crypt.3, dlopen.3, encrypt.3, errno.3, fenv.3, ftime.3, ftw.3, getgrent_r.3, getpass.3, getpwent_r.3, getutent.3, hsearch.3, lio_listio.3, lockf.3, login.3, longjmp.3, perror.3, printf.3, scandirat.3, setjmp.3, strfmon.3, strtoimax.3, termios.3, ttyname.3, ualarm.3, updwtmp.3, wcstoimax.3, wordexp.3, console_ioctl.4, dsp56k.4, fd.4, hd.4, intro.4, lp.4, mem.4, null.4, ram.4, rtc.4, sk98lin.4, tty.4, ttyS.4, vcs.4, filesystems.5, group.5, host.conf.5, hosts.5, intro.5, issue.5, motd.5, networks.5, nologin.5, nsswitch.conf.5, passwd.5, proc.5, protocols.5, securetty.5, shells.5, termcap.5, ttytype.5, utmp.5, intro.6, armscii-8.7, ascii.7, bootparam.7, cp1251.7, environ.7, glob.7, intro.7, iso_8859-1.7, iso_8859-10.7, iso_8859-11.7, iso_8859-13.7, iso_8859-14.7, iso_8859-15.7, iso_8859-16.7, iso_8859-2.7, iso_8859-3.7, iso_8859-4.7, iso_8859-5.7, iso_8859-6.7, iso_8859-7.7, iso_8859-8.7, iso_8859-9.7, koi8-r.7, koi8-u.7, posixoptions.7, standards.7, unicode.7, utf-8.7, intro.8: Global fix: Add LICENSE_START(GPLv2+_doc_full)
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2013-03-10 09:28:44 +00:00
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.\" %%%LICENSE_END
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2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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.\"
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.\" Modified Sun Jul 25 10:45:30 1993 by Rik Faith (faith@cs.unc.edu)
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.\" Modified Sun Jul 21 21:25:26 1996 by Andries Brouwer (aeb@cwi.nl)
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.\" Modified Mon Oct 21 17:47:19 1996 by Eric S. Raymond (esr@thyrsus.com)
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close.2, getdomainname.2, getrlimit.2, madvise.2, sysinfo.2, umask.2, encrypt.3, fclose.3, fflush.3, lockf.3, rand.3, strtok.3, toupper.3, updwtmp.3, utmp.5, environ.7, hier.7, suffixes.7: Convert pages contain non-ASCII in source code comments to use UTF-8
Done using a slightly modified version of Peter Schiffer's
convert_to_utf_8.sh script. The script was modified so as *not*
a "coding:" marker to the groff source. For now, we'll only put
that marker on pages that contain non-ASCII characters in the
rendered text.
See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=60807
Reported-by: Weizhou Pan <cs.wzpan@gmail.com>
Co-written-by: Peter Schiffer <pschiffe@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2014-02-16 06:47:57 +00:00
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.\" Modified Wed Aug 27 20:28:58 1997 by Nicolás Lichtmaier (nick@debian.org)
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.\" Modified Mon Sep 21 00:00:26 1998 by Andries Brouwer (aeb@cwi.nl)
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.\" Modified Wed Jan 24 06:37:24 2001 by Eric S. Raymond (esr@thyrsus.com)
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.\" Modified Thu Dec 13 23:53:27 2001 by Martin Schulze <joey@infodrom.org>
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.\"
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getent.1, ldd.1, locale.1, localedef.1, memusage.1, memusagestat.1, mtrace.1, _exit.2, _syscall.2, accept.2, access.2, acct.2, add_key.2, adjtimex.2, alloc_hugepages.2, arch_prctl.2, bdflush.2, bind.2, bpf.2, brk.2, cacheflush.2, capget.2, chdir.2, chmod.2, chown.2, chroot.2, clock_getres.2, clock_nanosleep.2, clone.2, close.2, close_range.2, connect.2, copy_file_range.2, create_module.2, delete_module.2, dup.2, epoll_create.2, epoll_ctl.2, epoll_wait.2, eventfd.2, execve.2, execveat.2, fanotify_init.2, fanotify_mark.2, fcntl.2, flock.2, fork.2, fsync.2, futex.2, get_kernel_syms.2, get_mempolicy.2, get_robust_list.2, getcpu.2, getdents.2, getdomainname.2, getgid.2, getgroups.2, gethostname.2, getitimer.2, getpagesize.2, getpeername.2, getpid.2, getpriority.2, getrandom.2, getresuid.2, getrlimit.2, getrusage.2, getsid.2, getsockname.2, getsockopt.2, gettid.2, gettimeofday.2, getuid.2, getunwind.2, getxattr.2, idle.2, init_module.2, inotify_add_watch.2, inotify_rm_watch.2, io_cancel.2, io_destroy.2, io_getevents.2, io_setup.2, io_submit.2, ioctl.2, ioctl_console.2, ioctl_fat.2, ioctl_ficlonerange.2, ioctl_fideduperange.2, ioctl_fslabel.2, ioctl_getfsmap.2, ioctl_ns.2, ioctl_tty.2, ioctl_userfaultfd.2, ioperm.2, iopl.2, ipc.2, kcmp.2, kexec_load.2, keyctl.2, kill.2, link.2, listen.2, listxattr.2, llseek.2, lookup_dcookie.2, lseek.2, madvise.2, mbind.2, membarrier.2, memfd_create.2, migrate_pages.2, mincore.2, mkdir.2, mknod.2, mlock.2, mmap.2, mmap2.2, modify_ldt.2, mount.2, move_pages.2, mprotect.2, mq_getsetattr.2, mremap.2, msgctl.2, msgget.2, msgop.2, msync.2, nanosleep.2, nfsservctl.2, nice.2, open.2, open_by_handle_at.2, openat2.2, pause.2, pciconfig_read.2, perf_event_open.2, perfmonctl.2, personality.2, pidfd_getfd.2, pidfd_open.2, pidfd_send_signal.2, pipe.2, pivot_root.2, pkey_alloc.2, poll.2, posix_fadvise.2, prctl.2, pread.2, process_vm_readv.2, ptrace.2, query_module.2, quotactl.2, read.2, readahead.2, readdir.2, readlink.2, readv.2, reboot.2, recv.2, remap_file_pages.2, removexattr.2, rename.2, request_key.2, restart_syscall.2, rmdir.2, rt_sigqueueinfo.2, s390_guarded_storage.2, s390_pci_mmio_write.2, s390_runtime_instr.2, s390_sthyi.2, sched_get_priority_max.2, sched_rr_get_interval.2, sched_setaffinity.2, sched_setattr.2, sched_setparam.2, sched_setscheduler.2, sched_yield.2, seccomp.2, select.2, select_tut.2, semctl.2, semget.2, semop.2, send.2, sendfile.2, set_thread_area.2, seteuid.2, setfsgid.2, setfsuid.2, setgid.2, setpgid.2, setresuid.2, setreuid.2, setsid.2, setuid.2, setup.2, setxattr.2, sgetmask.2, shmctl.2, shmget.2, shmop.2, shutdown.2, sigaction.2, sigaltstack.2, signal.2, signalfd.2, sigpending.2, sigprocmask.2, sigreturn.2, sigsuspend.2, sigwaitinfo.2, socket.2, socketcall.2, socketpair.2, splice.2, spu_create.2, spu_run.2, stat.2, statfs.2, statx.2, stime.2, subpage_prot.2, swapon.2, symlink.2, sync.2, sync_file_range.2, syscall.2, syscalls.2, sysctl.2, sysfs.2, sysinfo.2, syslog.2, time.2, timer_create.2, timer_delete.2, timer_getoverrun.2, timer_settime.2, timerfd_create.2, times.2, tkill.2, truncate.2, umask.2, umount.2, uname.2, unimplemented.2, unlink.2, unshare.2, uselib.2, userfaultfd.2, ustat.2, utime.2, utimensat.2, vfork.2, vhangup.2, vm86.2, vmsplice.2, wait.2, wait4.2, write.2, CPU_SET.3, __ppc_get_timebase.3, __ppc_set_ppr_med.3, __ppc_yield.3, __setfpucw.3, a64l.3, abort.3, abs.3, acos.3, acosh.3, addseverity.3, adjtime.3, aio_cancel.3, aio_error.3, aio_fsync.3, aio_read.3, aio_return.3, aio_suspend.3, aio_write.3, alloca.3, argz_add.3, asin.3, asinh.3, asprintf.3, assert.3, assert_perror.3, atan.3, atan2.3, atanh.3, atexit.3, atof.3, atoi.3, backtrace.3, basename.3, bcmp.3, bcopy.3, bindresvport.3, bsd_signal.3, bsearch.3, bstring.3, btowc.3, byteorder.3, bzero.3, cabs.3, cacos.3, cacosh.3, canonicalize_file_name.3, carg.3, casin.3, casinh.3, catan.3, catanh.3, catgets.3, catopen.3, cbrt.3, ccos.3, ccosh.3, ceil.3, cexp.3, cexp2.3, cfree.3, cimag.3, circleq.3, clearenv.3, clock.3, clock_getcpuclockid.3, clog.3, clog10.3, clog2.3, closedir.3, cmsg.3, confstr.3, conj.3, copysign.3, cos.3, cosh.3, cpow.3, cproj.3, creal.3, crypt.3, csin.3, csinh.3, csqrt.3, ctan.3, ctanh.3, ctermid.3, ctime.3, daemon.3, des_crypt.3, difftime.3, dirfd.3, div.3, dl_iterate_phdr.3, dladdr.3, dlerror.3, dlinfo.3, dlopen.3, dlsym.3, drand48.3, drand48_r.3, duplocale.3, dysize.3, ecvt.3, ecvt_r.3, encrypt.3, endian.3, envz_add.3, erf.3, erfc.3, err.3, errno.3, error.3, ether_aton.3, euidaccess.3, exec.3, exit.3, exp.3, exp10.3, exp2.3, expm1.3, fabs.3, fclose.3, fcloseall.3, fdim.3, fenv.3, ferror.3, fexecve.3, fflush.3, ffs.3, fgetc.3, fgetgrent.3, fgetpwent.3, fgetwc.3, fgetws.3, fileno.3, finite.3, flockfile.3, floor.3, fma.3, fmax.3, fmemopen.3, fmin.3, fmod.3, fmtmsg.3, fnmatch.3, fopen.3, fopencookie.3, fpathconf.3, fpclassify.3, fpurge.3, fputwc.3, fputws.3, fread.3, frexp.3, fseek.3, fseeko.3, ftime.3, ftok.3, fts.3, ftw.3, futimes.3, fwide.3, gamma.3, gcvt.3, get_nprocs_conf.3, get_phys_pages.3, getaddrinfo.3, getaddrinfo_a.3, getauxval.3, getcontext.3, getcwd.3, getdate.3, getdirentries.3, getdtablesize.3, getentropy.3, getenv.3, getfsent.3, getgrent.3, getgrent_r.3, getgrnam.3, getgrouplist.3, gethostbyname.3, gethostid.3, getifaddrs.3, getipnodebyname.3, getline.3, getloadavg.3, getlogin.3, getmntent.3, getnameinfo.3, getnetent.3, getnetent_r.3, getopt.3, getpass.3, getprotoent.3, getprotoent_r.3, getpt.3, getpw.3, getpwent.3, getpwent_r.3, getpwnam.3, getrpcent.3, getrpcent_r.3, getrpcport.3, gets.3, getservent.3, getservent_r.3, getspnam.3, getsubopt.3, getttyent.3, getumask.3, getusershell.3, getutent.3, getutmp.3, getw.3, getwchar.3, glob.3, gnu_get_libc_version.3, grantpt.3, group_member.3, gsignal.3, hsearch.3, hypot.3, iconv.3, iconv_close.3, iconv_open.3, if_nameindex.3, if_nametoindex.3, ilogb.3, index.3, inet.3, inet_net_pton.3, inet_ntop.3, inet_pton.3, initgroups.3, insque.3, isalpha.3, isatty.3, isfdtype.3, isgreater.3, iswalnum.3, iswalpha.3, iswblank.3, iswcntrl.3, iswctype.3, iswdigit.3, iswgraph.3, iswlower.3, iswprint.3, iswpunct.3, iswspace.3, iswupper.3, iswxdigit.3, j0.3, key_setsecret.3, killpg.3, ldexp.3, lgamma.3, lio_listio.3, list.3, localeconv.3, lockf.3, log.3, log10.3, log1p.3, log2.3, logb.3, login.3, lrint.3, lround.3, lsearch.3, lseek64.3, makecontext.3, makedev.3, mallinfo.3, malloc.3, malloc_get_state.3, malloc_hook.3, malloc_info.3, malloc_stats.3, malloc_trim.3, malloc_usable_size.3, mallopt.3, matherr.3, mblen.3, mbrlen.3, mbrtowc.3, mbsinit.3, mbsnrtowcs.3, mbsrtowcs.3, mbstowcs.3, mbtowc.3, mcheck.3, memccpy.3, memchr.3, memcmp.3, memcpy.3, memfrob.3, memmem.3, memmove.3, mempcpy.3, memset.3, mkdtemp.3, mkfifo.3, mkstemp.3, mktemp.3, modf.3, mpool.3, mq_close.3, mq_getattr.3, mq_notify.3, mq_open.3, mq_receive.3, mq_send.3, mq_unlink.3, mtrace.3, nan.3, newlocale.3, nextafter.3, nextup.3, nl_langinfo.3, ntp_gettime.3, on_exit.3, open_memstream.3, opendir.3, openpty.3, perror.3, popen.3, posix_fallocate.3, posix_madvise.3, posix_memalign.3, posix_openpt.3, posix_spawn.3, pow.3, pow10.3, printf.3, profil.3, psignal.3, pthread_attr_init.3, pthread_attr_setaffinity_np.3, pthread_attr_setdetachstate.3, pthread_attr_setguardsize.3, pthread_attr_setinheritsched.3, pthread_attr_setschedparam.3, pthread_attr_setschedpolicy.3, pthread_attr_setscope.3, pthread_attr_setsigmask_np.3, pthread_attr_setstack.3, pthread_attr_setstackaddr.3, pthread_attr_setstacksize.3, pthread_cancel.3, pthread_cleanup_push.3, pthread_cleanup_push_defer_np.3, pthread_create.3, pthread_detach.3, pthread_equal.3, pthread_exit.3, pthread_getattr_default_np.3, pthread_getattr_np.3, pthread_getcpuclockid.3, pthread_join.3, pthread_kill.3, pthread_kill_other_threads_np.3, pthread_mutex_consistent.3, pthread_mutexattr_getpshared.3, pthread_mutexattr_setrobust.3, pthread_rwlockattr_setkind_np.3, pthread_self.3, pthread_setaffinity_np.3, pthread_setcancelstate.3, pthread_setconcurrency.3, pthread_setname_np.3, pthread_setschedparam.3, pthread_setschedprio.3, pthread_sigmask.3, pthread_sigqueue.3, pthread_spin_init.3, pthread_spin_lock.3, pthread_testcancel.3, pthread_tryjoin_np.3, pthread_yield.3, ptsname.3, putenv.3, putgrent.3, putpwent.3, puts.3, putwchar.3, qecvt.3, qsort.3, raise.3, rand.3, random.3, random_r.3, rcmd.3, re_comp.3, readdir.3, readdir_r.3, realpath.3, regex.3, remainder.3, remove.3, remquo.3, resolver.3, rewinddir.3, rexec.3, rint.3, round.3, rpc.3, rpmatch.3, rtime.3, rtnetlink.3, scalb.3, scalbln.3, scandir.3, scanf.3, sched_getcpu.3, seekdir.3, sem_close.3, sem_destroy.3, sem_getvalue.3, sem_init.3, sem_open.3, sem_post.3, sem_unlink.3, sem_wait.3, setaliasent.3, setbuf.3, setenv.3, setjmp.3, setlocale.3, setlogmask.3, setnetgrent.3, shm_open.3, siginterrupt.3, signbit.3, significand.3, sigpause.3, sigqueue.3, sigset.3, sigsetops.3, sigvec.3, sigwait.3, sin.3, sincos.3, sinh.3, sleep.3, slist.3, sockatmark.3, sqrt.3, stailq.3, statvfs.3, stdarg.3, stdio.3, stdio_ext.3, stpcpy.3, stpncpy.3, strcasecmp.3, strcat.3, strchr.3, strcmp.3, strcoll.3, strcpy.3, strdup.3, strerror.3, strfmon.3, strfromd.3, strfry.3, strftime.3, string.3, strlen.3, strnlen.3, strpbrk.3, strptime.3, strsep.3, strsignal.3, strspn.3, strstr.3, strtod.3, strtoimax.3, strtok.3, strtol.3, strtoul.3, strverscmp.3, strxfrm.3, swab.3, sysconf.3, syslog.3, system.3, sysv_signal.3, tailq.3, tan.3, tanh.3, tcgetpgrp.3, tcgetsid.3, telldir.3, tempnam.3, termios.3, tgamma.3, timegm.3, timeradd.3, tmpfile.3, tmpnam.3, toascii.3, toupper.3, towctrans.3, towlower.3, towupper.3, trunc.3, tsearch.3, ttyname.3, ttyslot.3, tzset.3, ualarm.3, ulimit.3, undocumented.3, ungetwc.3, unlocked_stdio.3, unlockpt.3, updwtmp.3, uselocale.3, usleep.3, wcpcpy.3, wcpncpy.3, wcrtomb.3, wcscasecmp.3, wcscat.3, wcschr.3, wcscmp.3, wcscpy.3, wcscspn.3, wcsdup.3, wcslen.3, wcsncasecmp.3, wcsncat.3, wcsncmp.3, wcsncpy.3, wcsnlen.3, wcsnrtombs.3, wcspbrk.3, wcsrchr.3, wcsrtombs.3, wcsspn.3, wcsstr.3, wcstoimax.3, wcstok.3, wcstombs.3, wcswidth.3, wctob.3, wctomb.3, wctrans.3, wctype.3, wcwidth.3, wmemchr.3, wmemcmp.3, wmemcpy.3, wmemmove.3, wmemset.3, wordexp.3, wprintf.3, xcrypt.3, xdr.3, y0.3, cciss.4, console_codes.4, dsp56k.4, hpsa.4, initrd.4, loop.4, lp.4, msr.4, random.4, rtc.4, smartpqi.4, veth.4, wavelan.4, acct.5, core.5, elf.5, hosts.5, locale.5, proc.5, resolv.conf.5, rpc.5, slabinfo.5, sysfs.5, tmpfs.5, utmp.5, address_families.7, aio.7, attributes.7, bootparam.7, capabilities.7, cgroups.7, complex.7, ddp.7, environ.7, epoll.7, fanotify.7, feature_test_macros.7, hier.7, inode.7, inotify.7, ip.7, ipv6.7, keyrings.7, locale.7, man-pages.7, man.7, math_error.7, mount_namespaces.7, namespaces.7, netdevice.7, netlink.7, numa.7, packet.7, pkeys.7, pthreads.7, queue.7, raw.7, rtnetlink.7, sched.7, session-keyring.7, shm_overview.7, sigevent.7, signal-safety.7, signal.7, sock_diag.7, socket.7, spufs.7, symlink.7, system_data_types.7, tcp.7, time_namespaces.7, udp.7, udplite.7, unicode.7, unix.7, uri.7, user_namespaces.7, vdso.7, vsock.7, x25.7, iconvconfig.8, ld.so.8, ldconfig.8, sln.8, tzselect.8: tstamp
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2021-03-21 23:15:34 +00:00
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.TH ENVIRON 7 2021-03-22 "Linux" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.SH NAME
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environ \- user environment
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.SH SYNOPSIS
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.nf
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2008-01-11 13:59:47 +00:00
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.BI "extern char **" environ ;
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.fi
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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The variable
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.I environ
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2009-07-25 06:29:47 +00:00
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points to an array of pointers to strings called the "environment".
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2009-07-25 06:34:34 +00:00
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The last pointer in this array has the value NULL.
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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This array of strings is made available to the process by the
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2021-01-28 09:11:47 +00:00
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.BR execve (2)
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call when a new program is started.
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2016-02-17 11:21:58 +00:00
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When a child process is created via
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.BR fork (2),
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it inherits a
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.I copy
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of its parent's environment.
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environ.7, epoll.7, feature_test_macros.7, futex.7, ip.7, ipv6.7, locale.7, man-pages.7, man.7, math_error.7, netdevice.7, netlink.7, packet.7, raw.7, rtld-audit.7, rtnetlink.7, sock_diag.7, socket.7, tcp.7, udp.7, udplite.7, unix.7, uri.7, vdso.7: Formatting fix: replace blank lines with .PP/.IP
Blank lines shouldn't generally appear in *roff source (other
than in code examples), since they create large vertical
spaces between text blocks.
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2017-08-16 01:01:48 +00:00
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.PP
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2021-01-28 11:00:51 +00:00
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By convention, the strings in
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2009-07-25 06:29:47 +00:00
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.I environ
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2007-12-18 07:47:22 +00:00
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have the form "\fIname\fP\fB=\fP\fIvalue\fP".
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2021-01-28 11:02:58 +00:00
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The name is case-sensitive and may not contain
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the character "\fB=\fP".
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The value can be anything that can be represented as a string.
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The name and the value may not contain an embedded null byte (\(aq\e0\(aq),
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2021-01-28 11:00:51 +00:00
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since this is assumed to terminate the string.
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.PP
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2021-01-29 23:29:44 +00:00
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Environment variables may be placed in the shell's environment by the
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.I export
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command in
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.BR sh (1),
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or by the
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.I setenv
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command if you use
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.BR csh (1).
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.PP
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The initial environment of the shell is populated in various ways,
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such as definitions from
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.IR /etc/environment
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that are processed by
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.BR pam_env (8)
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for all users at login time (on systems that employ
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.BR pam (8)).
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In addition, various shell initialization scripts, such as the system-wide
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.IR /etc/profile
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script and per-user initializations script may include commands
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that add variables to the shell's environment;
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see the manual page of your preferred shell for details.
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.PP
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Bourne-style shells support the syntax
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.PP
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NAME=value command
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.PP
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to create an environment variable definition only in the scope
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of the process that executes
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.IR command .
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Multiple variable definitions, separated by white space, may precede
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.IR command .
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.PP
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Arguments may also be placed in the
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environment at the point of an
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.BR exec (3).
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A C program can manipulate its environment using the functions
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.BR getenv (3),
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.BR putenv (3),
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.BR setenv (3),
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and
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.BR unsetenv (3).
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.PP
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What follows is a list of environment variables typically seen on a
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system.
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This list is incomplete and includes only common variables seen
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by average users in their day-to-day routine.
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Environment variables specific to a particular program or library function
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are documented in the ENVIRONMENT section of the appropriate manual page.
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.TP
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.B USER
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The name of the logged-in user (used by some BSD-derived programs).
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2021-01-29 23:29:40 +00:00
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Set at login time, see section NOTES below.
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.TP
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.B LOGNAME
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The name of the logged-in user (used by some System-V derived programs).
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2021-01-29 23:29:40 +00:00
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Set at login time, see section NOTES below.
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.TP
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.B HOME
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2021-07-25 20:52:55 +00:00
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A user's login directory.
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2021-01-29 23:29:40 +00:00
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Set at login time, see section NOTES below.
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.TP
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.B LANG
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The name of a locale to use for locale categories when not overridden
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time.1, _syscall.2, acct.2, getsockname.2, nanosleep.2, pciconfig_read.2, sched_get_priority_max.2, umask.2, uname.2, ustat.2, INFINITY.3, argz_add.3, atexit.3, bsearch.3, byteorder.3, carg.3, closedir.3, dlopen.3, drand48.3, envz_add.3, errno.3, ether_aton.3, exp10.3, finite.3, flockfile.3, fseeko.3, getcontext.3, getmntent.3, getnetent.3, getprotoent.3, getrpcent.3, getservent.3, iconv_close.3, iconv_open.3, initgroups.3, login.3, longjmp.3, mbsinit.3, memccpy.3, memmem.3, mempcpy.3, offsetof.3, on_exit.3, pow10.3, pthread_cancel.3, pthread_cleanup_push.3, rpc.3, rpmatch.3, setenv.3, setjmp.3, setlogmask.3, sockatmark.3, strfmon.3, strptime.3, strverscmp.3, swab.3, tcgetpgrp.3, tmpfile.3, toascii.3, y0.3, null.4, tty.4, tty_ioctl.4, hosts.equiv.5, environ.7, path_resolution.7, tzselect.8: Convert inline formatting (\fX...\fP) to dot-directive formatting
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2013-06-07 15:25:32 +00:00
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by
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.B LC_ALL
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2014-01-18 10:01:23 +00:00
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or more specific environment variables such as
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time.1, _syscall.2, acct.2, getsockname.2, nanosleep.2, pciconfig_read.2, sched_get_priority_max.2, umask.2, uname.2, ustat.2, INFINITY.3, argz_add.3, atexit.3, bsearch.3, byteorder.3, carg.3, closedir.3, dlopen.3, drand48.3, envz_add.3, errno.3, ether_aton.3, exp10.3, finite.3, flockfile.3, fseeko.3, getcontext.3, getmntent.3, getnetent.3, getprotoent.3, getrpcent.3, getservent.3, iconv_close.3, iconv_open.3, initgroups.3, login.3, longjmp.3, mbsinit.3, memccpy.3, memmem.3, mempcpy.3, offsetof.3, on_exit.3, pow10.3, pthread_cancel.3, pthread_cleanup_push.3, rpc.3, rpmatch.3, setenv.3, setjmp.3, setlogmask.3, sockatmark.3, strfmon.3, strptime.3, strverscmp.3, swab.3, tcgetpgrp.3, tmpfile.3, toascii.3, y0.3, null.4, tty.4, tty_ioctl.4, hosts.equiv.5, environ.7, path_resolution.7, tzselect.8: Convert inline formatting (\fX...\fP) to dot-directive formatting
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2013-06-07 15:25:32 +00:00
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.BR LC_COLLATE ,
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.BR LC_CTYPE ,
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.BR LC_MESSAGES ,
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.BR LC_MONETARY ,
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.BR LC_NUMERIC ,
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2014-01-18 10:05:20 +00:00
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and
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.BR LC_TIME
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(see
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.BR locale (7)
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for further details of the
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.BR LC_*
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environment variables).
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.TP
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.B PATH
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2007-05-12 09:06:04 +00:00
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The sequence of directory prefixes that
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.BR sh (1)
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and many other
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2021-01-30 07:21:34 +00:00
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programs employ when searching for an executable file that is specified
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2021-01-30 07:36:08 +00:00
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as a simple filename (i.a., a pathname that contains no slashes).
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The prefixes are separated by colons (\fB:\fP).
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The list of prefixes is searched from beginning to end,
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by checking the pathname formed by concatenating
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a prefix, a slash, and the filename,
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until a file with execute permission is found.
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.IP
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As a legacy feature, a zero-length prefix
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(specified as two adjacent colons, or an initial or terminating colon)
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is interpreted to mean the current working directory.
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However, use of this feature is deprecated,
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and POSIX notes that a conforming application shall use
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an explicit pathname (e.g.,
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.IR . )
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to specify the current working directory.
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.IP
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2021-01-30 07:44:13 +00:00
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Analogously to
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.BR PATH ,
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one has
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time.1, _syscall.2, acct.2, getsockname.2, nanosleep.2, pciconfig_read.2, sched_get_priority_max.2, umask.2, uname.2, ustat.2, INFINITY.3, argz_add.3, atexit.3, bsearch.3, byteorder.3, carg.3, closedir.3, dlopen.3, drand48.3, envz_add.3, errno.3, ether_aton.3, exp10.3, finite.3, flockfile.3, fseeko.3, getcontext.3, getmntent.3, getnetent.3, getprotoent.3, getrpcent.3, getservent.3, iconv_close.3, iconv_open.3, initgroups.3, login.3, longjmp.3, mbsinit.3, memccpy.3, memmem.3, mempcpy.3, offsetof.3, on_exit.3, pow10.3, pthread_cancel.3, pthread_cleanup_push.3, rpc.3, rpmatch.3, setenv.3, setjmp.3, setlogmask.3, sockatmark.3, strfmon.3, strptime.3, strverscmp.3, swab.3, tcgetpgrp.3, tmpfile.3, toascii.3, y0.3, null.4, tty.4, tty_ioctl.4, hosts.equiv.5, environ.7, path_resolution.7, tzselect.8: Convert inline formatting (\fX...\fP) to dot-directive formatting
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2013-06-07 15:25:32 +00:00
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.B CDPATH
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used by some shells to find the target
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of a change directory command,
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.B MANPATH
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used by
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2007-05-12 09:06:04 +00:00
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.BR man (1)
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2021-01-30 07:44:13 +00:00
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to find manual pages, and so on.
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.TP
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.B PWD
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2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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The current working directory.
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Set by some shells.
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.TP
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.B SHELL
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environ.7: Document valid values of pathnames for SHELL, PAGER and EDITOR/VISUAL
The environ(7) man page says:
SHELL The pathname of the user's login shell.
PAGER The user's preferred utility to display text files.
EDITOR/VISUAL
The user's preferred utility to edit text files.
but doesn't say whether the pathnames must be absolute or they can
be resolved using $PATH, or whether they can have options.
Note that at least for SHELL, this is not specified by POSIX.
This issue was raised in the Austin Group mailing-list, and the
answer is that "what constitutes a valid value for a platform
should be documented" [1].
Since OpenSSH assumes that $SHELL is an absolute pathname (when
set), it is supposed that the documentation should be:
SHELL The absolute pathname of the user's login shell.
For PAGER, POSIX says: "Any string acceptable as a command_string
operand to the sh -c command shall be valid."
For EDITOR, it does not need to be an absolute pathname since
POSIX gives the example:
EDITOR=vi fc
and since it is specified as "the name of a utility", It assumes
that arguments (options) must not be provided. Page 3013 about
"more", it is said: "If the last pathname component in EDITOR is
either vi or ex, [...]", thus again, it is assumed to be a
pathname.
For VISUAL, POSIX says: "Determine a pathname of a utility to
invoke when the visual command [...]", thus it is also a pathname.
It is not clear whether the pathname must be absolute, but for
consistency with EDITOR, it will be resolved using $PATH.
[1] https://www.mail-archive.com/austin-group-l@opengroup.org/msg01399.html
Reported-by: Vincent Lefevre <vincent@vinc17.net>
Signed-off-by: Bastien Roucaries <rouca@debian.org>
Signed-off-by: Alejandro Colomar <alx.manpages@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2021-01-19 20:45:00 +00:00
|
|
|
The absolute pathname of the user's login shell.
|
2021-01-29 23:29:40 +00:00
|
|
|
Set at login time, see section NOTES below.
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
|
.B TERM
|
|
|
|
|
The terminal type for which output is to be prepared.
|
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
|
.B PAGER
|
|
|
|
|
The user's preferred utility to display text files.
|
2021-01-30 12:19:28 +00:00
|
|
|
Any string acceptable as a command-string operand to the
|
2021-01-21 09:53:59 +00:00
|
|
|
.I sh\ \-c
|
environ.7: Document valid values of pathnames for SHELL, PAGER and EDITOR/VISUAL
The environ(7) man page says:
SHELL The pathname of the user's login shell.
PAGER The user's preferred utility to display text files.
EDITOR/VISUAL
The user's preferred utility to edit text files.
but doesn't say whether the pathnames must be absolute or they can
be resolved using $PATH, or whether they can have options.
Note that at least for SHELL, this is not specified by POSIX.
This issue was raised in the Austin Group mailing-list, and the
answer is that "what constitutes a valid value for a platform
should be documented" [1].
Since OpenSSH assumes that $SHELL is an absolute pathname (when
set), it is supposed that the documentation should be:
SHELL The absolute pathname of the user's login shell.
For PAGER, POSIX says: "Any string acceptable as a command_string
operand to the sh -c command shall be valid."
For EDITOR, it does not need to be an absolute pathname since
POSIX gives the example:
EDITOR=vi fc
and since it is specified as "the name of a utility", It assumes
that arguments (options) must not be provided. Page 3013 about
"more", it is said: "If the last pathname component in EDITOR is
either vi or ex, [...]", thus again, it is assumed to be a
pathname.
For VISUAL, POSIX says: "Determine a pathname of a utility to
invoke when the visual command [...]", thus it is also a pathname.
It is not clear whether the pathname must be absolute, but for
consistency with EDITOR, it will be resolved using $PATH.
[1] https://www.mail-archive.com/austin-group-l@opengroup.org/msg01399.html
Reported-by: Vincent Lefevre <vincent@vinc17.net>
Signed-off-by: Bastien Roucaries <rouca@debian.org>
Signed-off-by: Alejandro Colomar <alx.manpages@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2021-01-19 20:45:00 +00:00
|
|
|
command shall be valid.
|
2021-01-30 12:24:20 +00:00
|
|
|
If
|
|
|
|
|
.B PAGER
|
|
|
|
|
is null or is not set,
|
|
|
|
|
then applications that launch a pager will default to a program such as
|
|
|
|
|
.BR less (1)
|
|
|
|
|
or
|
|
|
|
|
.BR more (1).
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
|
.BR EDITOR / VISUAL
|
|
|
|
|
The user's preferred utility to edit text files.
|
environ.7: Document valid values of pathnames for SHELL, PAGER and EDITOR/VISUAL
The environ(7) man page says:
SHELL The pathname of the user's login shell.
PAGER The user's preferred utility to display text files.
EDITOR/VISUAL
The user's preferred utility to edit text files.
but doesn't say whether the pathnames must be absolute or they can
be resolved using $PATH, or whether they can have options.
Note that at least for SHELL, this is not specified by POSIX.
This issue was raised in the Austin Group mailing-list, and the
answer is that "what constitutes a valid value for a platform
should be documented" [1].
Since OpenSSH assumes that $SHELL is an absolute pathname (when
set), it is supposed that the documentation should be:
SHELL The absolute pathname of the user's login shell.
For PAGER, POSIX says: "Any string acceptable as a command_string
operand to the sh -c command shall be valid."
For EDITOR, it does not need to be an absolute pathname since
POSIX gives the example:
EDITOR=vi fc
and since it is specified as "the name of a utility", It assumes
that arguments (options) must not be provided. Page 3013 about
"more", it is said: "If the last pathname component in EDITOR is
either vi or ex, [...]", thus again, it is assumed to be a
pathname.
For VISUAL, POSIX says: "Determine a pathname of a utility to
invoke when the visual command [...]", thus it is also a pathname.
It is not clear whether the pathname must be absolute, but for
consistency with EDITOR, it will be resolved using $PATH.
[1] https://www.mail-archive.com/austin-group-l@opengroup.org/msg01399.html
Reported-by: Vincent Lefevre <vincent@vinc17.net>
Signed-off-by: Bastien Roucaries <rouca@debian.org>
Signed-off-by: Alejandro Colomar <alx.manpages@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2021-01-19 20:45:00 +00:00
|
|
|
Any string acceptable as a command_string operand to the
|
2021-01-21 09:53:59 +00:00
|
|
|
.I sh\ \-c
|
environ.7: Document valid values of pathnames for SHELL, PAGER and EDITOR/VISUAL
The environ(7) man page says:
SHELL The pathname of the user's login shell.
PAGER The user's preferred utility to display text files.
EDITOR/VISUAL
The user's preferred utility to edit text files.
but doesn't say whether the pathnames must be absolute or they can
be resolved using $PATH, or whether they can have options.
Note that at least for SHELL, this is not specified by POSIX.
This issue was raised in the Austin Group mailing-list, and the
answer is that "what constitutes a valid value for a platform
should be documented" [1].
Since OpenSSH assumes that $SHELL is an absolute pathname (when
set), it is supposed that the documentation should be:
SHELL The absolute pathname of the user's login shell.
For PAGER, POSIX says: "Any string acceptable as a command_string
operand to the sh -c command shall be valid."
For EDITOR, it does not need to be an absolute pathname since
POSIX gives the example:
EDITOR=vi fc
and since it is specified as "the name of a utility", It assumes
that arguments (options) must not be provided. Page 3013 about
"more", it is said: "If the last pathname component in EDITOR is
either vi or ex, [...]", thus again, it is assumed to be a
pathname.
For VISUAL, POSIX says: "Determine a pathname of a utility to
invoke when the visual command [...]", thus it is also a pathname.
It is not clear whether the pathname must be absolute, but for
consistency with EDITOR, it will be resolved using $PATH.
[1] https://www.mail-archive.com/austin-group-l@opengroup.org/msg01399.html
Reported-by: Vincent Lefevre <vincent@vinc17.net>
Signed-off-by: Bastien Roucaries <rouca@debian.org>
Signed-off-by: Alejandro Colomar <alx.manpages@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2021-01-19 20:45:00 +00:00
|
|
|
command shall be valid.
|
2005-12-06 13:13:48 +00:00
|
|
|
.\" .TP
|
|
|
|
|
.\" .B BROWSER
|
|
|
|
|
.\" The user's preferred utility to browse URLs. Sequence of colon-separated
|
intro.1, clock_getres.2, clone.2, futex.2, ioctl_fat.2, mkdir.2, mknod.2, mmap.2, open.2, statx.2, umask.2, userfaultfd.2, glob.3, mkfifo.3, termios.3, wordexp.3, console_codes.4, sk98lin.4, vcs.4, dir_colors.5, hosts.equiv.5, proc.5, termcap.5, utmp.5, ascii.7, bpf-helpers.7, charsets.7, environ.7, glob.7, mailaddr.7, netlink.7, operator.7, suffixes.7, tcp.7, unicode.7, uri.7, zic.8: Use "\(ti" instead of "~"
A naked tilde ("~") renders poorly in PDF. Instead use "\(ti",
which renders better in a PDF, and produces the same glyph
when rendering on a terminal.
Reported-by: Geoff Clare <gwc@opengroup.org>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2020-08-06 19:43:46 +00:00
|
|
|
.\" browser commands. See http://www.catb.org/\(tiesr/BROWSER/ .
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.PP
|
2007-06-08 09:56:56 +00:00
|
|
|
Note that the behavior of many programs and library routines is
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
influenced by the presence or value of certain environment variables.
|
2017-02-19 21:00:18 +00:00
|
|
|
Examples include the following:
|
|
|
|
|
.IP * 3
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
The variables
|
2020-06-20 17:06:40 +00:00
|
|
|
.BR LANG ", " LANGUAGE ", " NLSPATH ", " LOCPATH ,
|
|
|
|
|
.BR LC_ALL ", " LC_MESSAGES ,
|
2014-01-18 10:10:02 +00:00
|
|
|
and so on influence locale handling; see
|
|
|
|
|
.BR catopen (3),
|
|
|
|
|
.BR gettext (3),
|
|
|
|
|
and
|
|
|
|
|
.BR locale (7).
|
2017-02-19 21:00:18 +00:00
|
|
|
.IP *
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.B TMPDIR
|
|
|
|
|
influences the path prefix of names created by
|
2017-04-08 16:11:46 +00:00
|
|
|
.BR tempnam (3)
|
madvise.2, perf_event_open.2, query_module.2, stat.2, sem_init.3, hpsa.4, rtc.4, st.4, elf.5, filesystems.5, proc.5, environ.7, man-pages.7, regex.7, units.7: Reword to avoid use of "etc."
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2014-01-18 10:58:39 +00:00
|
|
|
and other routines, and the temporary directory used by
|
2007-05-12 09:06:04 +00:00
|
|
|
.BR sort (1)
|
madvise.2, perf_event_open.2, query_module.2, stat.2, sem_init.3, hpsa.4, rtc.4, st.4, elf.5, filesystems.5, proc.5, environ.7, man-pages.7, regex.7, units.7: Reword to avoid use of "etc."
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2014-01-18 10:58:39 +00:00
|
|
|
and other programs.
|
2017-02-19 21:00:18 +00:00
|
|
|
.IP *
|
2017-02-19 21:02:21 +00:00
|
|
|
.BR LD_LIBRARY_PATH ", " LD_PRELOAD ,
|
|
|
|
|
and other
|
|
|
|
|
.BR LD_*
|
2021-01-28 09:28:47 +00:00
|
|
|
variables influence the behavior of the dynamic loader/linker.
|
|
|
|
|
See also
|
|
|
|
|
.BR ld.so (8).
|
2017-02-19 21:00:18 +00:00
|
|
|
.IP *
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.B POSIXLY_CORRECT
|
|
|
|
|
makes certain programs and library routines follow
|
|
|
|
|
the prescriptions of POSIX.
|
2017-02-19 21:00:18 +00:00
|
|
|
.IP *
|
2007-06-08 09:56:56 +00:00
|
|
|
The behavior of
|
2007-05-12 09:06:04 +00:00
|
|
|
.BR malloc (3)
|
2007-12-16 13:49:59 +00:00
|
|
|
is influenced by
|
|
|
|
|
.B MALLOC_*
|
|
|
|
|
variables.
|
2017-02-19 21:00:18 +00:00
|
|
|
.IP *
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
The variable
|
|
|
|
|
.B HOSTALIASES
|
|
|
|
|
gives the name of a file containing aliases
|
2007-05-12 09:06:04 +00:00
|
|
|
to be used with
|
|
|
|
|
.BR gethostbyname (3).
|
2017-02-19 21:00:18 +00:00
|
|
|
.IP *
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.BR TZ " and " TZDIR
|
2008-09-07 04:17:25 +00:00
|
|
|
give timezone information used by
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.BR tzset (3)
|
|
|
|
|
and through that by functions like
|
2007-06-01 05:51:12 +00:00
|
|
|
.BR ctime (3),
|
|
|
|
|
.BR localtime (3),
|
|
|
|
|
.BR mktime (3),
|
|
|
|
|
.BR strftime (3).
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
See also
|
2007-06-01 05:51:12 +00:00
|
|
|
.BR tzselect (8).
|
2017-02-19 21:00:18 +00:00
|
|
|
.IP *
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.B TERMCAP
|
|
|
|
|
gives information on how to address a given terminal
|
|
|
|
|
(or gives the name of a file containing such information).
|
2017-02-19 21:00:18 +00:00
|
|
|
.IP *
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.BR COLUMNS " and " LINES
|
|
|
|
|
tell applications about the window size, possibly overriding the actual size.
|
2017-02-19 21:00:18 +00:00
|
|
|
.IP *
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.BR PRINTER " or " LPDEST
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
may specify the desired printer to use.
|
|
|
|
|
See
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.BR lpr (1).
|
2017-02-20 07:46:23 +00:00
|
|
|
.SH NOTES
|
2021-01-28 09:08:05 +00:00
|
|
|
Historically and by standard,
|
|
|
|
|
.I environ
|
|
|
|
|
must be declared in the user program.
|
|
|
|
|
However, as a (nonstandard) programmer convenience,
|
|
|
|
|
.I environ
|
|
|
|
|
is declared in the header file
|
|
|
|
|
.I <unistd.h>
|
|
|
|
|
if the
|
|
|
|
|
.B _GNU_SOURCE
|
|
|
|
|
feature test macro is defined (see
|
|
|
|
|
.BR feature_test_macros (7)).
|
|
|
|
|
.PP
|
2017-02-20 07:46:23 +00:00
|
|
|
The
|
|
|
|
|
.BR prctl (2)
|
|
|
|
|
.B PR_SET_MM_ENV_START
|
|
|
|
|
and
|
|
|
|
|
.B PR_SET_MM_ENV_END
|
|
|
|
|
operations can be used to control the location of the process's environment.
|
2021-01-29 23:29:40 +00:00
|
|
|
.PP
|
|
|
|
|
The
|
2021-01-30 07:54:25 +00:00
|
|
|
.BR HOME ,
|
|
|
|
|
.BR LOGNAME ,
|
|
|
|
|
.BR SHELL ,
|
2021-01-29 23:29:40 +00:00
|
|
|
and
|
|
|
|
|
.B USER
|
2021-01-30 07:54:25 +00:00
|
|
|
variables are set when the user is changed via a
|
|
|
|
|
session management interface, typically by a program such as
|
2021-01-30 12:19:28 +00:00
|
|
|
.BR login (1)
|
2021-01-30 07:54:25 +00:00
|
|
|
from a user database (such as
|
|
|
|
|
.BR passwd (5)).
|
|
|
|
|
(Switching to the root user using
|
|
|
|
|
.BR su (1)
|
2021-01-29 23:29:40 +00:00
|
|
|
may result in a mixed environment where
|
|
|
|
|
.B LOGNAME
|
|
|
|
|
and
|
|
|
|
|
.B USER
|
2021-01-30 07:54:25 +00:00
|
|
|
are retained from old user; see the
|
|
|
|
|
.BR su (1)
|
|
|
|
|
manual page.)
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.SH BUGS
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
Clearly there is a security risk here.
|
|
|
|
|
Many a system command has been
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
tricked into mischief by a user who specified unusual values for
|
|
|
|
|
.BR IFS " or " LD_LIBRARY_PATH .
|
environ.7, epoll.7, feature_test_macros.7, futex.7, ip.7, ipv6.7, locale.7, man-pages.7, man.7, math_error.7, netdevice.7, netlink.7, packet.7, raw.7, rtld-audit.7, rtnetlink.7, sock_diag.7, socket.7, tcp.7, udp.7, udplite.7, unix.7, uri.7, vdso.7: Formatting fix: replace blank lines with .PP/.IP
Blank lines shouldn't generally appear in *roff source (other
than in code examples), since they create large vertical
spaces between text blocks.
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2017-08-16 01:01:48 +00:00
|
|
|
.PP
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
There is also the risk of name space pollution.
|
|
|
|
|
Programs like
|
|
|
|
|
.I make
|
|
|
|
|
and
|
|
|
|
|
.I autoconf
|
|
|
|
|
allow overriding of default utility names from the
|
|
|
|
|
environment with similarly named variables in all caps.
|
|
|
|
|
Thus one uses
|
|
|
|
|
.B CC
|
|
|
|
|
to select the desired C compiler (and similarly
|
|
|
|
|
.BR MAKE ,
|
|
|
|
|
.BR AR ,
|
|
|
|
|
.BR AS ,
|
|
|
|
|
.BR FC ,
|
|
|
|
|
.BR LD ,
|
|
|
|
|
.BR LEX ,
|
|
|
|
|
.BR RM ,
|
|
|
|
|
.BR YACC ,
|
|
|
|
|
etc.).
|
|
|
|
|
However, in some traditional uses such an environment variable
|
|
|
|
|
gives options for the program instead of a pathname.
|
|
|
|
|
Thus, one has
|
2021-03-19 23:57:22 +00:00
|
|
|
.B MORE
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
and
|
2021-03-19 23:57:22 +00:00
|
|
|
.BR LESS .
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
Such usage is considered mistaken, and to be avoided in new
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
programs.
|
getent.1, intro.1, time.1, _exit.2, _syscall.2, accept.2, access.2, acct.2, adjtimex.2, alarm.2, alloc_hugepages.2, arch_prctl.2, bdflush.2, bind.2, brk.2, cacheflush.2, capget.2, chdir.2, chmod.2, chown.2, chroot.2, clock_getres.2, clock_nanosleep.2, clone.2, close.2, connect.2, create_module.2, delete_module.2, dup.2, epoll_create.2, epoll_ctl.2, epoll_wait.2, eventfd.2, execve.2, exit_group.2, faccessat.2, fchmodat.2, fchownat.2, fcntl.2, flock.2, fork.2, fstatat.2, fsync.2, futex.2, futimesat.2, get_kernel_syms.2, get_robust_list.2, get_thread_area.2, getcpu.2, getdents.2, getdomainname.2, getgid.2, getgroups.2, gethostname.2, getitimer.2, getpagesize.2, getpeername.2, getpid.2, getpriority.2, getresuid.2, getrlimit.2, getrusage.2, getsid.2, getsockname.2, getsockopt.2, gettid.2, gettimeofday.2, getuid.2, getunwind.2, getxattr.2, idle.2, init_module.2, inotify_add_watch.2, inotify_init.2, inotify_rm_watch.2, intro.2, io_cancel.2, io_destroy.2, io_getevents.2, io_setup.2, io_submit.2, ioctl.2, ioctl_list.2, ioperm.2, iopl.2, ioprio_set.2, ipc.2, kcmp.2, kill.2, killpg.2, link.2, linkat.2, listen.2, listxattr.2, llseek.2, lookup_dcookie.2, lseek.2, madvise.2, migrate_pages.2, mincore.2, mkdir.2, mkdirat.2, mknod.2, mknodat.2, mlock.2, mmap.2, mmap2.2, modify_ldt.2, mount.2, move_pages.2, mprotect.2, mq_getsetattr.2, mremap.2, msgctl.2, msgget.2, msgop.2, msync.2, nanosleep.2, nfsservctl.2, nice.2, open.2, openat.2, outb.2, pause.2, pciconfig_read.2, perf_event_open.2, perfmonctl.2, personality.2, pipe.2, pivot_root.2, poll.2, posix_fadvise.2, prctl.2, pread.2, process_vm_readv.2, ptrace.2, query_module.2, quotactl.2, read.2, readahead.2, readdir.2, readlink.2, readlinkat.2, readv.2, reboot.2, recv.2, remap_file_pages.2, removexattr.2, rename.2, renameat.2, rmdir.2, rt_sigqueueinfo.2, sched_get_priority_max.2, sched_rr_get_interval.2, sched_setaffinity.2, sched_setparam.2, sched_setscheduler.2, sched_yield.2, select.2, semctl.2, semget.2, semop.2, send.2, sendfile.2, set_thread_area.2, set_tid_address.2, seteuid.2, setfsgid.2, setfsuid.2, setgid.2, setpgid.2, setresuid.2, setreuid.2, setsid.2, setuid.2, setup.2, setxattr.2, shmctl.2, shmget.2, shmop.2, shutdown.2, sigaction.2, sigaltstack.2, signal.2, signalfd.2, sigpending.2, sigprocmask.2, sigreturn.2, sigsuspend.2, sigwaitinfo.2, socket.2, socketcall.2, socketpair.2, splice.2, stat.2, statfs.2, stime.2, swapon.2, symlink.2, symlinkat.2, sync.2, sync_file_range.2, sysctl.2, sysfs.2, sysinfo.2, syslog.2, tee.2, time.2, timerfd_create.2, times.2, tkill.2, truncate.2, umask.2, umount.2, uname.2, unimplemented.2, unlink.2, unlinkat.2, uselib.2, ustat.2, utime.2, utimensat.2, vfork.2, vhangup.2, vm86.2, vmsplice.2, wait.2, wait4.2, write.2, CPU_SET.3, INFINITY.3, MB_CUR_MAX.3, MB_LEN_MAX.3, __setfpucw.3, a64l.3, abort.3, abs.3, acos.3, acosh.3, addseverity.3, adjtime.3, aio_cancel.3, aio_error.3, aio_fsync.3, aio_read.3, aio_return.3, aio_suspend.3, aio_write.3, alloca.3, argz_add.3, asin.3, asinh.3, asprintf.3, assert.3, assert_perror.3, atan.3, atan2.3, atanh.3, atexit.3, atof.3, atoi.3, backtrace.3, basename.3, bcmp.3, bcopy.3, bindresvport.3, bsd_signal.3, bsearch.3, bstring.3, btowc.3, btree.3, byteorder.3, bzero.3, cabs.3, cacos.3, cacosh.3, canonicalize_file_name.3, carg.3, casin.3, casinh.3, catan.3, catanh.3, catgets.3, catopen.3, cbrt.3, ccos.3, ccosh.3, ceil.3, cerf.3, cexp.3, cexp2.3, cfree.3, cimag.3, clearenv.3, clock.3, clock_getcpuclockid.3, clog.3, clog10.3, clog2.3, closedir.3, cmsg.3, confstr.3, conj.3, copysign.3, cos.3, cosh.3, cpow.3, cproj.3, creal.3, crypt.3, csin.3, csinh.3, csqrt.3, ctan.3, ctanh.3, ctermid.3, ctime.3, daemon.3, dbopen.3, des_crypt.3, difftime.3, dirfd.3, div.3, dl_iterate_phdr.3, dlopen.3, dprintf.3, drand48.3, drand48_r.3, dysize.3, ecvt.3, ecvt_r.3, encrypt.3, end.3, endian.3, envz_add.3, erf.3, erfc.3, err.3, errno.3, error.3, ether_aton.3, euidaccess.3, exec.3, exit.3, exp.3, exp10.3, exp2.3, expm1.3, fabs.3, fclose.3, fcloseall.3, fdim.3, fenv.3, ferror.3, fexecve.3, fflush.3, ffs.3, fgetgrent.3, fgetpwent.3, fgetwc.3, fgetws.3, finite.3, flockfile.3, floor.3, fma.3, fmax.3, fmemopen.3, fmin.3, fmod.3, fmtmsg.3, fnmatch.3, fopen.3, fpathconf.3, fpclassify.3, fpurge.3, fputwc.3, fputws.3, fread.3, frexp.3, fseek.3, fseeko.3, ftime.3, ftok.3, fts.3, ftw.3, futimes.3, fwide.3, gamma.3, gcvt.3, getaddrinfo.3, getaddrinfo_a.3, getauxval.3, getcontext.3, getcwd.3, getdate.3, getdirentries.3, getdtablesize.3, getenv.3, getfsent.3, getgrent.3, getgrent_r.3, getgrnam.3, getgrouplist.3, gethostbyname.3, gethostid.3, getipnodebyname.3, getline.3, getloadavg.3, getlogin.3, getmntent.3, getnameinfo.3, getnetent.3, getnetent_r.3, getopt.3, getpass.3, getprotoent.3, getprotoent_r.3, getpt.3, getpw.3, getpwent.3, getpwent_r.3, getpwnam.3, getrpcent.3, getrpcent_r.3, getrpcport.3, gets.3, getservent.3, getservent_r.3, getspnam.3, getttyent.3, getumask.3, getusershell.3, getutent.3, getw.3, getwchar.3, glob.3, grantpt.3, gsignal.3, hash.3, hsearch.3, hypot.3, iconv.3, iconv_close.3, iconv_open.3, ilogb.3, index.3, inet.3, inet_ntop.3, inet_pton.3, infnan.3, initgroups.3, insque.3, intro.3, isalpha.3, isatty.3, isgreater.3, iswalnum.3, iswalpha.3, iswblank.3, iswcntrl.3, iswctype.3, iswdigit.3, iswgraph.3, iswlower.3, iswprint.3, iswpunct.3, iswspace.3, iswupper.3, iswxdigit.3, j0.3, key_setsecret.3, ldexp.3, lgamma.3, lio_listio.3, localeconv.3, lockf.3, log.3, log10.3, log1p.3, log2.3, logb.3, login.3, longjmp.3, lrint.3, lround.3, lsearch.3, lseek64.3, makecontext.3, makedev.3, malloc.3, malloc_hook.3, mblen.3, mbrlen.3, mbrtowc.3, mbsinit.3, mbsnrtowcs.3, mbsrtowcs.3, mbstowcs.3, mbtowc.3, memccpy.3, memchr.3, memcmp.3, memcpy.3, memfrob.3, memmem.3, memmove.3, mempcpy.3, memset.3, mkdtemp.3, mkfifo.3, mkfifoat.3, mkstemp.3, mktemp.3, modf.3, mpool.3, mq_close.3, mq_getattr.3, mq_notify.3, mq_open.3, mq_receive.3, mq_send.3, mq_unlink.3, mtrace.3, nan.3, netlink.3, nextafter.3, nl_langinfo.3, offsetof.3, on_exit.3, opendir.3, openpty.3, perror.3, popen.3, posix_fallocate.3, posix_memalign.3, posix_openpt.3, pow.3, pow10.3, printf.3, profil.3, program_invocation_name.3, psignal.3, pthread_kill_other_threads_np.3, ptsname.3, putenv.3, putgrent.3, putpwent.3, puts.3, putwchar.3, qecvt.3, qsort.3, queue.3, raise.3, rand.3, random.3, random_r.3, rcmd.3, re_comp.3, readdir.3, realpath.3, recno.3, regex.3, remainder.3, remove.3, remquo.3, resolver.3, rewinddir.3, rexec.3, rint.3, round.3, rpc.3, rpmatch.3, rtime.3, rtnetlink.3, scalb.3, scalbln.3, scandir.3, scandirat.3, scanf.3, seekdir.3, sem_close.3, sem_destroy.3, sem_getvalue.3, sem_init.3, sem_open.3, sem_post.3, sem_unlink.3, sem_wait.3, setaliasent.3, setbuf.3, setenv.3, setjmp.3, setlocale.3, setlogmask.3, setnetgrent.3, shm_open.3, siginterrupt.3, signbit.3, significand.3, sigpause.3, sigqueue.3, sigset.3, sigsetops.3, sigvec.3, sin.3, sincos.3, sinh.3, sleep.3, sockatmark.3, sqrt.3, statvfs.3, stdarg.3, stdin.3, stdio.3, stdio_ext.3, stpcpy.3, stpncpy.3, strcasecmp.3, strcat.3, strchr.3, strcmp.3, strcoll.3, strcpy.3, strdup.3, strerror.3, strfmon.3, strfry.3, strftime.3, string.3, strlen.3, strnlen.3, strpbrk.3, strptime.3, strsep.3, strsignal.3, strspn.3, strstr.3, strtod.3, strtoimax.3, strtok.3, strtol.3, strtoul.3, strverscmp.3, strxfrm.3, swab.3, sysconf.3, syslog.3, system.3, sysv_signal.3, tan.3, tanh.3, tcgetpgrp.3, tcgetsid.3, telldir.3, tempnam.3, termios.3, tgamma.3, timegm.3, timeradd.3, tmpfile.3, tmpnam.3, toascii.3, toupper.3, towctrans.3, towlower.3, towupper.3, trunc.3, tsearch.3, ttyname.3, ttyslot.3, tzset.3, ualarm.3, ulimit.3, ungetwc.3, unlocked_stdio.3, unlockpt.3, updwtmp.3, usleep.3, wcpcpy.3, wcpncpy.3, wcrtomb.3, wcscasecmp.3, wcscat.3, wcschr.3, wcscmp.3, wcscpy.3, wcscspn.3, wcsdup.3, wcslen.3, wcsncasecmp.3, wcsncat.3, wcsncmp.3, wcsncpy.3, wcsnlen.3, wcsnrtombs.3, wcspbrk.3, wcsrchr.3, wcsrtombs.3, wcsspn.3, wcsstr.3, wcstoimax.3, wcstok.3, wcstombs.3, wcswidth.3, wctob.3, wctomb.3, wctrans.3, wctype.3, wcwidth.3, wmemchr.3, wmemcmp.3, wmemcpy.3, wmemmove.3, wmemset.3, wordexp.3, wprintf.3, xcrypt.3, xdr.3, y0.3, cciss.4, console.4, console_codes.4, console_ioctl.4, dsp56k.4, fd.4, full.4, hd.4, hpsa.4, initrd.4, intro.4, lp.4, mem.4, mouse.4, null.4, pts.4, ram.4, random.4, rtc.4, sk98lin.4, st.4, tty.4, ttyS.4, tty_ioctl.4, vcs.4, wavelan.4, acct.5, charmap.5, dir_colors.5, filesystems.5, ftpusers.5, group.5, host.conf.5, hosts.5, hosts.equiv.5, intro.5, issue.5, locale.5, motd.5, networks.5, nologin.5, nscd.conf.5, passwd.5, proc.5, protocols.5, resolv.conf.5, rpc.5, securetty.5, services.5, shells.5, termcap.5, ttytype.5, utmp.5, armscii-8.7, arp.7, ascii.7, bootparam.7, capabilities.7, charsets.7, complex.7, cp1251.7, credentials.7, ddp.7, environ.7, epoll.7, fifo.7, futex.7, glob.7, hier.7, icmp.7, inotify.7, intro.7, ip.7, ipv6.7, iso_8859-1.7, iso_8859-10.7, iso_8859-11.7, iso_8859-13.7, iso_8859-14.7, iso_8859-15.7, iso_8859-16.7, iso_8859-2.7, iso_8859-3.7, iso_8859-4.7, iso_8859-5.7, iso_8859-6.7, iso_8859-7.7, iso_8859-8.7, iso_8859-9.7, koi8-r.7, koi8-u.7, locale.7, mailaddr.7, man.7, mq_overview.7, netdevice.7, netlink.7, numa.7, packet.7, path_resolution.7, pipe.7, posixoptions.7, pthreads.7, pty.7, raw.7, regex.7, rtld-audit.7, rtnetlink.7, sem_overview.7, shm_overview.7, sigevent.7, signal.7, socket.7, standards.7, suffixes.7, svipc.7, tcp.7, termio.7, time.7, udp.7, udplite.7, unicode.7, unix.7, uri.7, utf-8.7, x25.7, nscd.8, sync.8, tzselect.8, zdump.8, zic.8: Global fix: remove unneeded double quotes in .SH headings
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2013-02-24 18:01:36 +00:00
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.SH SEE ALSO
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.BR bash (1),
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.BR csh (1),
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2016-08-07 18:41:14 +00:00
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.BR env (1),
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.BR login (1),
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2014-06-09 08:06:56 +00:00
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.BR printenv (1),
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.BR sh (1),
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2021-01-29 23:29:40 +00:00
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.BR su (1),
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.BR tcsh (1),
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.BR execve (2),
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.BR clearenv (3),
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.BR exec (3),
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.BR getenv (3),
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.BR putenv (3),
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.BR setenv (3),
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.BR unsetenv (3),
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2014-06-09 08:06:56 +00:00
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.BR locale (7),
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2016-12-10 10:23:42 +00:00
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.BR ld.so (8),
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.BR pam_env (8)
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