mirror of https://github.com/mkerrisk/man-pages
intro.1, clock_getres.2, clone.2, futex.2, ioctl_fat.2, mkdir.2, mknod.2, mmap.2, open.2, statx.2, umask.2, userfaultfd.2, glob.3, mkfifo.3, termios.3, wordexp.3, console_codes.4, sk98lin.4, vcs.4, dir_colors.5, hosts.equiv.5, proc.5, termcap.5, utmp.5, ascii.7, bpf-helpers.7, charsets.7, environ.7, glob.7, mailaddr.7, netlink.7, operator.7, suffixes.7, tcp.7, unicode.7, uri.7, zic.8: Use "\(ti" instead of "~"
A naked tilde ("~") renders poorly in PDF. Instead use "\(ti", which renders better in a PDF, and produces the same glyph when rendering on a terminal. Reported-by: Geoff Clare <gwc@opengroup.org> Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
This commit is contained in:
parent
18f49d7563
commit
af2d18b2c2
|
@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ and
|
|||
.I pwd
|
||||
commands and explore
|
||||
.I cd
|
||||
usage: "cd", "cd .", "cd ..", "cd /" and "cd ~".
|
||||
usage: "cd", "cd .", "cd ..", "cd /" and "cd \(ti".
|
||||
.SS Directories
|
||||
The command
|
||||
.I mkdir
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -248,8 +248,8 @@ dynamic clock ID.
|
|||
.in +4n
|
||||
.EX
|
||||
#define CLOCKFD 3
|
||||
#define FD_TO_CLOCKID(fd) ((~(clockid_t) (fd) << 3) | CLOCKFD)
|
||||
#define CLOCKID_TO_FD(clk) ((unsigned int) ~((clk) >> 3))
|
||||
#define FD_TO_CLOCKID(fd) ((\(ti(clockid_t) (fd) << 3) | CLOCKFD)
|
||||
#define CLOCKID_TO_FD(clk) ((unsigned int) \(ti((clk) >> 3))
|
||||
|
||||
struct timeval tv;
|
||||
clockid_t clkid;
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ l l l
|
|||
li li l.
|
||||
clone() clone3() Notes
|
||||
\fIcl_args\fP field
|
||||
flags & ~0xff flags For most flags; details below
|
||||
flags & \(ti0xff flags For most flags; details below
|
||||
parent_tid pidfd See CLONE_PIDFD
|
||||
child_tid child_tid See CLONE_CHILD_SETTID
|
||||
parent_tid parent_tid See CLONE_PARENT_SETTID
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -662,7 +662,7 @@ component has one of the following values:
|
|||
FUTEX_OP_SET 0 /* uaddr2 = oparg; */
|
||||
FUTEX_OP_ADD 1 /* uaddr2 += oparg; */
|
||||
FUTEX_OP_OR 2 /* uaddr2 |= oparg; */
|
||||
FUTEX_OP_ANDN 3 /* uaddr2 &= ~oparg; */
|
||||
FUTEX_OP_ANDN 3 /* uaddr2 &= \(tioparg; */
|
||||
FUTEX_OP_XOR 4 /* uaddr2 ^= oparg; */
|
||||
.EE
|
||||
.in
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -424,7 +424,7 @@ The following was recorded when applying the program to the directory
|
|||
$ \fB./fat_dir /mnt/user\fP
|
||||
\[char46] -> ''
|
||||
\[char46]. -> ''
|
||||
ALONGF~1.TXT -> 'a long filename.txt'
|
||||
ALONGF\(ti1.TXT -> 'a long filename.txt'
|
||||
UPPER.TXT -> ''
|
||||
LOWER.TXT -> 'lower.txt'
|
||||
.EE
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ It is modified by the process's
|
|||
.I umask
|
||||
in the usual way: in the absence of a default ACL, the mode of the
|
||||
created directory is
|
||||
.RI ( mode " & ~" umask " & 0777)."
|
||||
.RI ( mode " & \(ti" umask " & 0777)."
|
||||
Whether other
|
||||
.I mode
|
||||
bits are honored for the created directory depends on the operating system.
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ The file mode is modified by the process's
|
|||
.I umask
|
||||
in the usual way: in the absence of a default ACL, the permissions of the
|
||||
created node are
|
||||
.RI ( mode " & ~" umask ).
|
||||
.RI ( mode " & \(ti" umask ).
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
The file type must be one of
|
||||
.BR S_IFREG ,
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -949,7 +949,7 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
|
|||
handle_error("fstat");
|
||||
|
||||
offset = atoi(argv[2]);
|
||||
pa_offset = offset & ~(sysconf(_SC_PAGE_SIZE) \- 1);
|
||||
pa_offset = offset & \(ti(sysconf(_SC_PAGE_SIZE) \- 1);
|
||||
/* offset for mmap() must be page aligned */
|
||||
|
||||
if (offset >= sb.st_size) {
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -316,7 +316,7 @@ The effective mode is modified by the process's
|
|||
.I umask
|
||||
in the usual way: in the absence of a default ACL, the mode of the
|
||||
created file is
|
||||
.IR "(mode\ &\ ~umask)" .
|
||||
.IR "(mode\ &\ \(tiumask)" .
|
||||
.IP
|
||||
Note that
|
||||
.I mode
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ is an ORed combination of the following constants:
|
|||
.TS
|
||||
lB l.
|
||||
STATX_TYPE Want stx_mode & S_IFMT
|
||||
STATX_MODE Want stx_mode & ~S_IFMT
|
||||
STATX_MODE Want stx_mode & \(tiS_IFMT
|
||||
STATX_NLINK Want stx_nlink
|
||||
STATX_UID Want stx_uid
|
||||
STATX_GID Want stx_gid
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR | S_IRGRP | S_IROTH
|
|||
.EE
|
||||
.in
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
(because 0666 & ~022 = 0644; i.e., rw\-r\-\-r\-\-).
|
||||
(because 0666 & \(ti022 = 0644; i.e., rw\-r\-\-r\-\-).
|
||||
.SH RETURN VALUE
|
||||
This system call always succeeds and the previous value of the mask
|
||||
is returned.
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -666,7 +666,7 @@ fault_handler_thread(void *arg)
|
|||
So, round faulting address down to page boundary */
|
||||
|
||||
uffdio_copy.dst = (unsigned long) msg.arg.pagefault.address &
|
||||
~(page_size \- 1);
|
||||
\(ti(page_size \- 1);
|
||||
uffdio_copy.len = page_size;
|
||||
uffdio_copy.mode = 0;
|
||||
uffdio_copy.copy = 0;
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -175,11 +175,11 @@ even if there is no file with that name.
|
|||
.TP
|
||||
.B GLOB_TILDE
|
||||
Carry out tilde expansion.
|
||||
If a tilde (\(aq~\(aq) is the only character in the pattern,
|
||||
If a tilde (\(aq\(ti\(aq) is the only character in the pattern,
|
||||
or an initial tilde is followed immediately by a slash (\(aq/\(aq),
|
||||
then the home directory of the caller is substituted for
|
||||
the tilde.
|
||||
If an initial tilde is followed by a username (e.g., "~andrea/bin"),
|
||||
If an initial tilde is followed by a username (e.g., "\(tiandrea/bin"),
|
||||
then the tilde and username are substituted by the home directory
|
||||
of that user.
|
||||
If the username is invalid, or the home directory cannot be
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ makes a FIFO special file with name \fIpathname\fP.
|
|||
\fImode\fP specifies the FIFO's permissions.
|
||||
It is modified by the
|
||||
process's \fBumask\fP in the usual way: the permissions of the created
|
||||
file are \fB(\fP\fImode\fP\fB & ~umask)\fP.
|
||||
file are \fB(\fP\fImode\fP\fB & \(tiumask)\fP.
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
A FIFO special file is similar to a pipe, except that it is created
|
||||
in a different way.
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -845,11 +845,11 @@ The terminal attributes are set as follows:
|
|||
.PP
|
||||
.in +4n
|
||||
.EX
|
||||
termios_p\->c_iflag &= ~(IGNBRK | BRKINT | PARMRK | ISTRIP
|
||||
termios_p\->c_iflag &= \(ti(IGNBRK | BRKINT | PARMRK | ISTRIP
|
||||
| INLCR | IGNCR | ICRNL | IXON);
|
||||
termios_p\->c_oflag &= ~OPOST;
|
||||
termios_p\->c_lflag &= ~(ECHO | ECHONL | ICANON | ISIG | IEXTEN);
|
||||
termios_p\->c_cflag &= ~(CSIZE | PARENB);
|
||||
termios_p\->c_oflag &= \(tiOPOST;
|
||||
termios_p\->c_lflag &= \(ti(ECHO | ECHONL | ICANON | ISIG | IEXTEN);
|
||||
termios_p\->c_cflag &= \(ti(CSIZE | PARENB);
|
||||
termios_p\->c_cflag |= CS8;
|
||||
.EE
|
||||
.in
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ then it is unspecified whether that word and all following words
|
|||
are ignored, or the # is treated as a non-comment character.
|
||||
.SS The expansion
|
||||
The expansion done consists of the following stages:
|
||||
tilde expansion (replacing ~user by user's home directory),
|
||||
tilde expansion (replacing \(tiuser by user's home directory),
|
||||
variable substitution (replacing $FOO by the value of the environment
|
||||
variable FOO), command substitution (replacing $(command) or \`command\`
|
||||
by the output of command), arithmetic expansion, field splitting,
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -583,7 +583,7 @@ ESC n LS2 Invoke the G2 character set.
|
|||
ESC o LS3 Invoke the G3 character set.
|
||||
ESC | LS3R Invoke the G3 character set as GR.
|
||||
ESC } LS2R Invoke the G2 character set as GR.
|
||||
ESC ~ LS1R Invoke the G1 character set as GR.
|
||||
ESC \(ti LS1R Invoke the G1 character set as GR.
|
||||
.TE
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
It also recognizes ESC % and provides a more complete UTF-8
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -156,13 +156,13 @@ which can be found on the Internet:
|
|||
.PP
|
||||
.IR VLAN \c
|
||||
:
|
||||
.UR http://www.candelatech.com\:/~greear\:/vlan.html
|
||||
.UR http://www.candelatech.com\:/\(tigreear\:/vlan.html
|
||||
.UE
|
||||
.br
|
||||
.I Link
|
||||
.IR Aggregation \c
|
||||
:
|
||||
.UR http://www.st.rim.or.jp\:/~yumo
|
||||
.UR http://www.st.rim.or.jp\:/\(tiyumo
|
||||
.UE
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
Note that Marvell/SysKonnect does not offer any support for these
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ main(void)
|
|||
ch = s & 0xff;
|
||||
if (s & mask)
|
||||
ch |= 0x100;
|
||||
attrib = ((s & ~mask) >> 8);
|
||||
attrib = ((s & \(timask) >> 8);
|
||||
printf("ch=0x%03x attrib=0x%02x\en", ch, attrib);
|
||||
s ^= 0x1000;
|
||||
(void) lseek(fd, \-2, SEEK_CUR);
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ ends in .\fIextension\fR.
|
|||
Note that the period is included in the
|
||||
extension, which makes it impossible to specify an extension not
|
||||
starting with a period, such as
|
||||
.B ~
|
||||
.B \(ti
|
||||
for
|
||||
.B emacs
|
||||
backup files.
|
||||
|
@ -379,7 +379,7 @@ hash mark as the first character.
|
|||
.I /etc/DIR_COLORS
|
||||
System-wide configuration file.
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.I ~/.dir_colors
|
||||
.I \(ti/.dir_colors
|
||||
Per-user configuration file.
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
This page describes the
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ the particular service
|
|||
Below are some example
|
||||
.I /etc/host.equiv
|
||||
or
|
||||
.I ~/.rhosts
|
||||
.I \(ti/.rhosts
|
||||
files.
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
Allow any user to log in from any host:
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -3544,7 +3544,7 @@ It is more eligible to be reclaimed for other purposes.
|
|||
.IR HighTotal " %lu"
|
||||
(Starting with Linux 2.6.19, \fBCONFIG_HIGHMEM\fP is required.)
|
||||
Total amount of highmem.
|
||||
Highmem is all memory above ~860 MB of physical memory.
|
||||
Highmem is all memory above \(ti860 MB of physical memory.
|
||||
Highmem areas are for use by user-space programs,
|
||||
or for the page cache.
|
||||
The kernel must use tricks to access
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -462,7 +462,7 @@ u right tee (+)
|
|||
v bottom tee (+)
|
||||
w normal tee (+)
|
||||
x vertical line (|)
|
||||
~ paragraph (???)
|
||||
\(ti paragraph (???)
|
||||
.fi
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
The values in parentheses are suggested defaults which are used by the
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ The \fIwtmp\fP file records all logins and logouts.
|
|||
Its format is exactly like \fIutmp\fP except that a null username
|
||||
indicates a logout
|
||||
on the associated terminal.
|
||||
Furthermore, the terminal name \fB~\fP
|
||||
Furthermore, the terminal name \fB\(ti\fP
|
||||
with username \fBshutdown\fP or \fBreboot\fP indicates a system
|
||||
shutdown or reboot and the pair of terminal names \fB|\fP/\fB}\fP
|
||||
logs the old/new system time when
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ _
|
|||
073 59 3B ; 173 123 7B {
|
||||
074 60 3C < 174 124 7C |
|
||||
075 61 3D = 175 125 7D }
|
||||
076 62 3E > 176 126 7E ~
|
||||
076 62 3E > 176 126 7E \(ti
|
||||
077 63 3F ? 177 127 7F DEL
|
||||
.TE
|
||||
.if t \{\
|
||||
|
@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ For convenience, below are more compact tables in hex and decimal.
|
|||
3: # 3 C S c s 3: ! + 5 ? I S ] g q {
|
||||
4: $ 4 D T d t 4: " , 6 @ J T ^ h r |
|
||||
5: % 5 E U e u 5: # \- 7 A K U _ i s }
|
||||
6: & 6 F V f v 6: $ . 8 B L V \` j t ~
|
||||
6: & 6 F V f v 6: $ . 8 B L V \` j t \(ti
|
||||
7: \(aq 7 G W g w 7: % / 9 C M W a k u DEL
|
||||
8: ( 8 H X h x 8: & 0 : D N X b l v
|
||||
9: ) 9 I Y i y 9: \(aq 1 ; E O Y c m w
|
||||
|
@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ A: * : J Z j z
|
|||
B: + ; K [ k {
|
||||
C: , < L \e l |
|
||||
D: \- = M ] m }
|
||||
E: . > N ^ n ~
|
||||
E: . > N ^ n \(ti
|
||||
F: / ? O _ o DEL
|
||||
.if t \{\
|
||||
.in
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -1674,7 +1674,7 @@ callback:
|
|||
.INDENT 7.0
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.B \fBbpf_sock_ops_cb_flags_set(bpf_sock,\fP
|
||||
\fBbpf_sock\->bpf_sock_ops_cb_flags & ~BPF_SOCK_OPS_RTO_CB_FLAG)\fP
|
||||
\fBbpf_sock\->bpf_sock_ops_cb_flags & \(tiBPF_SOCK_OPS_RTO_CB_FLAG)\fP
|
||||
.UNINDENT
|
||||
.sp
|
||||
Here are some examples of where one could call such eBPF
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ G0 always has size 94 and uses codes 041\(en0176.
|
|||
.PP
|
||||
Switching between character sets is done using the shift functions
|
||||
\fB^N\fP (SO or LS1), \fB^O\fP (SI or LS0), ESC n (LS2), ESC o (LS3),
|
||||
ESC N (SS2), ESC O (SS3), ESC ~ (LS1R), ESC } (LS2R), ESC | (LS3R).
|
||||
ESC N (SS2), ESC O (SS3), ESC \(ti (LS1R), ESC } (LS2R), ESC | (LS3R).
|
||||
The function LS\fIn\fP makes character set G\fIn\fP the current one
|
||||
for codes with high bit zero.
|
||||
The function LS\fIn\fPR makes character set G\fIn\fP the current one
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ The user's preferred utility to edit text files.
|
|||
.\" .TP
|
||||
.\" .B BROWSER
|
||||
.\" The user's preferred utility to browse URLs. Sequence of colon-separated
|
||||
.\" browser commands. See http://www.catb.org/~esr/BROWSER/ .
|
||||
.\" browser commands. See http://www.catb.org/\(tiesr/BROWSER/ .
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
Names may be placed in the shell's environment by the
|
||||
.I export
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -127,13 +127,13 @@ one can force the classical behavior using this command:
|
|||
For example, where old scripts have
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
.nf
|
||||
rm \`find . \-name "*~"\`
|
||||
rm \`find . \-name "*\(ti"\`
|
||||
.fi
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
new scripts require
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
.nf
|
||||
rm \-f nosuchfile \`find . \-name "*~"\`
|
||||
rm \-f nosuchfile \`find . \-name "*\(ti"\`
|
||||
.fi
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
to avoid error messages from
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ The "postmaster" address is not case sensitive.
|
|||
.SH FILES
|
||||
.I /etc/aliases
|
||||
.br
|
||||
.I ~/.forward
|
||||
.I \(ti/.forward
|
||||
.SH SEE ALSO
|
||||
.BR mail (1),
|
||||
.BR aliases (5),
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -573,7 +573,7 @@ for (nh = (struct nlmsghdr *) buf; NLMSG_OK (nh, len);
|
|||
information about libnetlink
|
||||
.UE
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
.UR http://www.infradead.org\:/~tgr\:/libnl/
|
||||
.UR http://www.infradead.org\:/\(titgr\:/libnl/
|
||||
information about libnl
|
||||
.UE
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ lb lb lb
|
|||
l l l.
|
||||
Operator Associativity Notes
|
||||
() [] \-> . ++ \-\- left to right [1]
|
||||
! ~ ++ \-\- + \- (type) * & sizeof right to left [2]
|
||||
! \(ti ++ \-\- + \- (type) * & sizeof right to left [2]
|
||||
* / % left to right
|
||||
+ \- left to right
|
||||
<< >> left to right
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -270,7 +270,7 @@ Suffix File type
|
|||
.z File compressed using \fBpack\fP(1) (or an old \fBgzip\fP(1))
|
||||
.zip \fBzip\fP(1) archive
|
||||
.zoo \fBzoo\fP(1) archive
|
||||
~ Emacs or \fBpatch\fP(1) backup file
|
||||
\(ti Emacs or \fBpatch\fP(1) backup file
|
||||
rc startup (`run control') file, e.g., \fI.newsrc\fP
|
||||
.TE
|
||||
.SH CONFORMING TO
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -580,7 +580,7 @@ the orphaned connection is reset and a warning is printed.
|
|||
This limit exists only to prevent simple denial-of-service attacks.
|
||||
Lowering this limit is not recommended.
|
||||
Network conditions might require you to increase the number of
|
||||
orphans allowed, but note that each orphan can eat up to ~64\ kB
|
||||
orphans allowed, but note that each orphan can eat up to \(ti64\ kB
|
||||
of unswappable memory.
|
||||
The default initial value is set equal to the kernel parameter NR_FILE.
|
||||
This initial default is adjusted depending on the memory in the system.
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -248,7 +248,7 @@ Unicode Technical Reports.
|
|||
.IP *
|
||||
Markus Kuhn: UTF-8 and Unicode FAQ for UNIX/Linux.
|
||||
.RS
|
||||
.UR http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk\:/~mgk25\:/unicode.html
|
||||
.UR http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk\:/\(timgk25\:/unicode.html
|
||||
.UE
|
||||
.RE
|
||||
.IP *
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -503,7 +503,7 @@ include uppercase and lowercase English letters,
|
|||
decimal digits, and the following
|
||||
limited set of punctuation marks and symbols:
|
||||
.IP
|
||||
\- _ . ! ~ * ' ( )
|
||||
\- _ . ! \(ti * ' ( )
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
All other characters must be escaped.
|
||||
An escaped octet is encoded as a character triplet, consisting of the
|
||||
|
@ -523,7 +523,7 @@ A URI is always shown in its "escaped" form.
|
|||
Unreserved characters can be escaped without changing the semantics
|
||||
of the URI, but this should not be done unless the URI is being used
|
||||
in a context that does not allow the unescaped character to appear.
|
||||
For example, "%7e" is sometimes used instead of "~" in an HTTP URL
|
||||
For example, "%7e" is sometimes used instead of "\(ti" in an HTTP URL
|
||||
path, but the two are equivalent for an HTTP URL.
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
For URIs which must handle characters outside the US ASCII character set,
|
||||
|
@ -554,7 +554,7 @@ This latter system, called the 'new' or 'logical' quoting system by
|
|||
is preferred practice in Great Britain and hackers worldwide
|
||||
(see the
|
||||
Jargon File's section on Hacker Writing Style,
|
||||
.UR http://www.fwi.uva.nl\:/~mes\:/jargon\:/h\:/HackerWritingStyle.html
|
||||
.UR http://www.fwi.uva.nl\:/\(times\:/jargon\:/h\:/HackerWritingStyle.html
|
||||
.UE ,
|
||||
for more information).
|
||||
Older documents suggested inserting the prefix "URL:"
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ nor
|
|||
.q + .
|
||||
To allow for future extensions,
|
||||
an unquoted name should not contain characters from the set
|
||||
.q !$%&'()*,/:;<=>?@[\e]^`{|}~ .
|
||||
.q !$%&'()*,/:;<=>?@[\e]^`{|}\(ti .
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.B FROM
|
||||
Gives the first year in which the rule applies.
|
||||
|
|
Loading…
Reference in New Issue