Replace `...' with alternate formatting (e.g., ".." or .I)

Changes

@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ hash.3
 
 st.4
     Alain Portal / mtk
-        Many formatting fixes
+        Many formatting fixes.
     mtk
         Place ERRORS in alphabetical order.
 

man2/gethostname.2

@@ -100,11 +100,11 @@ POSIX.1-2001 specifies
 but not
 .BR sethostname ().
 .SH NOTES
-SUSv2 guarantees that `Host names are limited to 255 bytes'.
-POSIX.1-2001 guarantees that `Host names (not including
+SUSv2 guarantees that "Host names are limited to 255 bytes".
+POSIX.1-2001 guarantees that "Host names (not including
 the terminating null byte) are limited to
 .B HOST_NAME_MAX
-bytes'.
+bytes".
 .SS Glibc Notes
 The GNU C library implements
 .BR gethostname ()

man2/link.2

@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ be overwritten.
 This new name may be used exactly as the old one for any operation;
 both names refer to the same file (and so have the same permissions
 and ownership) and it is impossible to tell which name was the
-\`original'.
+"original".
 .SH "RETURN VALUE"
 On success, zero is returned.
 On error, \-1 is returned, and

man2/reboot.2

@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ argument can have the following values:
 .TP
 .B LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_RESTART
 (RB_AUTOBOOT, 0x1234567).
-The message `Restarting system.' is printed, and a default
+The message "Restarting system." is printed, and a default
 restart is performed immediately.
 If not preceded by a
 .BR sync (2),
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ data will be lost.
 .TP
 .B LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_HALT
 (RB_HALT_SYSTEM, 0xcdef0123; since 1.1.76).
-The message `System halted.' is printed, and the system is halted.
+The message "System halted." is printed, and the system is halted.
 Control is given to the ROM monitor, if there is one.
 If not preceded by a
 .BR sync (2),
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ data will be lost.
 .TP
 .B LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_POWER_OFF
 (0x4321fedc; since 2.1.30).
-The message `Power down.' is printed, the system is stopped,
+The message "Power down." is printed, the system is stopped,
 and all power is removed from the system, if possible.
 If not preceded by a
 .BR sync (2),
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ data will be lost.
 .TP
 .B LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_RESTART2
 (0xa1b2c3d4; since 2.1.30).
-The message `Restarting system with command '%s'' is printed,
+The message "Restarting system with command '%s'" is printed,
 and a restart (using the command string given in
 .IR arg )
 is performed immediately.

man2/select.2

@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ if it is not NULL, then
 .BR pselect ()
 first replaces the current signal mask by the one pointed to by
 .IR sigmask ,
-then does the `select' function, and then restores the original
+then does the "select" function, and then restores the original
 signal mask.
 .PP
 Other than the difference in the precision of the

man2/stat.2

@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ Some file system types allow mounting in such a way that file
 accesses do not cause an update of the
 .I st_atime
 field.
-(See `noatime' in
+(See "noatime" in
 .BR mount (8).)
 
 The field
@@ -264,7 +264,7 @@ For a file that does not have the group execution bit
 set,
 the set-group-ID bit indicates mandatory file/record locking.
 .P
-The `sticky' bit
+The sticky bit
 .RB ( S_ISVTX )
 on a directory means that a file
 in that directory can be renamed or deleted only by the owner
@@ -387,7 +387,7 @@ b000	S_IFSHAD		130000	Solaris shadow inode for ACL
 c000	S_IFSOCK	s=	140000	socket (BSD; also "S_IFSOC" on VxFS)
 d000	S_IFDOOR	D>	150000	Solaris door
 e000	S_IFWHT	w%	160000	BSD whiteout (not used for inode)
-0200	S_ISVTX		001000	`sticky bit': save swapped text even
+0200	S_ISVTX		001000	sticky bit: save swapped text even
 				after use (V7)
 				reserved (SVID-v2)
 				On non-directories: don't cache this

man2/sysctl.2

@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ non-NULL, but allowed zero room in
 was not found.
 .TP
 .B EPERM
-No search permission for one of the encountered `directories',
+No search permission for one of the encountered "directories",
 or no read permission where
 .I oldval
 was non-zero, or no write permission where

man2/syslog.2

@@ -101,18 +101,18 @@ The call
 .RI (3, buf , len )
 will read the last \fIlen\fP bytes from the log buffer (nondestructively),
 but will not read more than was written into the buffer since the
-last `clear ring buffer' command (which does not clear the buffer at all).
+last "clear ring buffer" command (which does not clear the buffer at all).
 It returns the number of bytes read.
 
 The call
 .BR syslog ()
 .RI (4, buf , len )
-does precisely the same, but also executes the `clear ring buffer' command.
+does precisely the same, but also executes the "clear ring buffer" command.
 
 The call
 .BR syslog ()
 .RI (5, dummy , idummy )
-only executes the `clear ring buffer' command.
+only executes the "clear ring buffer" command.
 
 .B The loglevel
 .br
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ console, if it has a loglevel less than the value of the variable
 This variable initially has the value
 .B DEFAULT_CONSOLE_LOGLEVEL
 (7), but is set to 10 if the
-kernel command line contains the word `debug', and to 15 in case
+kernel command line contains the word "debug", and to 15 in case
 of a kernel fault (the 10 and 15 are just silly, and equivalent to 8).
 This variable is set (to a value in the range 1-8) by the call
 .BR syslog ()

man3/ecvt.3

@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ Linux libc4 and libc5 specified the type of
 .I ndigits
 as
 .IR size_t .
-Not all locales use a point as the radix character (`decimal point').
+Not all locales use a point as the radix character ("decimal point").
 .SH "SEE ALSO"
 .BR ecvt_r (3),
 .BR gcvt (3),

man3/log1p.3

@@ -51,8 +51,13 @@ _BSD_SOURCE || _SVID_SOURCE || _XOPEN_SOURCE\ >=\ 500 || _ISOC99_SOURCE; or
 .I cc\ -std=c99
 .ad b
 .SH DESCRIPTION
-.BI log1p( x )
-returns a value equivalent to `log (1 + \fIx\fP)'.
+.I log1p(x)
+returns a value equivalent to
+.nf
+
+    log (1 + \fIx\fP)
+
+.fi
 It is computed in a way
 that is accurate even if the value of \fIx\fP is near zero.
 .SH "CONFORMING TO"

man3/malloc_hook.3

@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ my_malloc_hook(size_t size, const void *caller)
     /* Save underlying hooks */
     old_malloc_hook = __malloc_hook;
 
-    /* `printf' might call `malloc', so protect it too. */
+    /* printf() might call malloc(), so protect it too. */
     printf("malloc(%u) called from %p returns %p\\n",
             (unsigned int) size, caller, result);
 

man3/rpc.3

@@ -796,7 +796,7 @@ address
 This routine can return
 .SM NULL .
 The command
-.RB ` "rpcinfo \-p" '
+.IR "rpcinfo\ \-p"
 uses this routine.
 .br
 .if t .ne 12

man3/tempnam.3

@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ in case
 .I pfx
 is a non-NULL string of at most five bytes.
 The directory prefix part of the pathname generated is required to
-be `appropriate' (often that at least implies writable).
+be "appropriate" (often that at least implies writable).
 
 Attempts to find an appropriate directory go through the following
 steps:

man7/environ.7

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ environ \- user environment
 .SH DESCRIPTION
 The variable
 .I environ
-points to an array of strings called the `environment'.
+points to an array of strings called the "environment".
 (This variable must be declared in the user program,
 but is declared in the header file
 .I <unistd.h>
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ This array of strings is made available to the process by the
 .BR exec (3)
 call that started the process.
 By convention these strings
-have the form `\fIname\fP\fB=\fP\fIvalue\fP'.
+have the form "\fIname\fP\fB=\fP\fIvalue\fP".
 Common examples are:
 .TP
 .B USER
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ The sequence of directory prefixes that
 .BR sh (1)
 and many other
 programs apply in searching for a file known by an incomplete pathname.
-The prefixes are separated by `\fB:\fP'.
+The prefixes are separated by '\fB:\fP'.
 (Similarly one has \fBCDPATH\fP used by some shells to find the target
 of a change directory command, \fBMANPATH\fP used by
 .BR man (1)
@@ -109,10 +109,10 @@ The user's preferred utility to edit text files.
 .\" The user's preferred utility to browse URLs. Sequence of colon-separated
 .\" browser commands. See http://www.catb.org/~esr/BROWSER/ .
 .PP
-Further names may be placed in the environment by the \fBexport\fP
-command and `name=value' in
+Further names may be placed in the environment by the \fIexport\fP
+command and "name=value" in
 .BR sh (1),
-or by the \fBsetenv\fP command if you use
+or by the \fIsetenv\fP command if you use
 .BR csh (1).
 Arguments may also be placed in the
 environment at the point of an

man7/futex.7

@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ primitives: it is by no means the only one.
 .SH "SEE ALSO"
 .BR futex (2)
 .PP
-`Fuss, Futexes and Furwocks: Fast Userlevel Locking in Linux'
+.IR "Fuss, Futexes and Furwocks: Fast Userlevel Locking in Linux"
 (proceedings of the Ottawa Linux Symposium 2002),
 futex example library, futex-*.tar.bz2
 <URL:ftp://ftp.kernel.org:/pub/linux/kernel/people/rusty/>.

man7/locale.7

@@ -173,8 +173,8 @@ struct lconv {
                                separator.  Fifth char is '\0'. */
   char *currency_symbol;   /* Local currency symbol */
   char *mon_decimal_point; /* Radix character */
-  char *mon_thousands_sep; /* Like `thousands_sep' above */
-  char *mon_grouping;      /* Like `grouping' above */
+  char *mon_thousands_sep; /* Like \fIthousands_sep\fP above */
+  char *mon_grouping;      /* Like \fIgrouping\fP above */
   char *positive_sign;     /* Sign for positive values */
   char *negative_sign;     /* Sign for negative values */
   char  int_frac_digits;   /* Int'l fractional digits */

man7/uri.7

@@ -267,8 +267,8 @@ This represents a file or directory accessible locally.
 As a special case,
 .I host
 can be the string "localhost" or the empty
-string; this is interpreted as `the machine from which the URL is
-being interpreted'.
+string; this is interpreted as "the machine from which the URL is
+being interpreted".
 If the path is to a directory, the viewer should display the
 directory's contents with links to each containee;
 not all viewers currently do this.