2008-07-06 15:10:32 +00:00
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.\" Copyright (c) 1993 Michael Haardt (michael@moria.de),
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.\" Fri Apr 2 11:32:09 MET DST 1993
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.\"
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getent.1, _syscall.2, acct.2, adjtimex.2, bdflush.2, brk.2, cacheflush.2, getsid.2, getxattr.2, inotify_add_watch.2, inotify_init.2, inotify_rm_watch.2, ioperm.2, ipc.2, listxattr.2, mlock.2, modify_ldt.2, mremap.2, nanosleep.2, outb.2, perf_event_open.2, ptrace.2, removexattr.2, s390_runtime_instr.2, sched_get_priority_max.2, sched_rr_get_interval.2, sched_setaffinity.2, sched_setparam.2, sched_setscheduler.2, sched_yield.2, setsid.2, setxattr.2, socketcall.2, unimplemented.2, aio_cancel.3, aio_error.3, aio_fsync.3, aio_read.3, aio_return.3, aio_suspend.3, aio_write.3, cfree.3, crypt.3, dlopen.3, encrypt.3, errno.3, fenv.3, ftime.3, ftw.3, getgrent_r.3, getpass.3, getpwent_r.3, getutent.3, hsearch.3, lio_listio.3, lockf.3, login.3, longjmp.3, perror.3, printf.3, scandirat.3, setjmp.3, strfmon.3, strtoimax.3, termios.3, ttyname.3, ualarm.3, updwtmp.3, wcstoimax.3, wordexp.3, console_ioctl.4, dsp56k.4, fd.4, hd.4, intro.4, lp.4, mem.4, null.4, ram.4, rtc.4, sk98lin.4, tty.4, ttyS.4, vcs.4, filesystems.5, group.5, host.conf.5, hosts.5, intro.5, issue.5, motd.5, networks.5, nologin.5, nsswitch.conf.5, passwd.5, proc.5, protocols.5, securetty.5, shells.5, termcap.5, ttytype.5, utmp.5, intro.6, armscii-8.7, ascii.7, bootparam.7, cp1251.7, environ.7, glob.7, intro.7, iso_8859-1.7, iso_8859-10.7, iso_8859-11.7, iso_8859-13.7, iso_8859-14.7, iso_8859-15.7, iso_8859-16.7, iso_8859-2.7, iso_8859-3.7, iso_8859-4.7, iso_8859-5.7, iso_8859-6.7, iso_8859-7.7, iso_8859-8.7, iso_8859-9.7, koi8-r.7, koi8-u.7, posixoptions.7, standards.7, unicode.7, utf-8.7, intro.8: s/GPLv2+_doc_full/GPLv2+_DOC_FULL/
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2013-03-10 09:29:46 +00:00
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.\" %%%LICENSE_START(GPLv2+_DOC_FULL)
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.\" This is free documentation; you can redistribute it and/or
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.\" modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
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.\" published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of
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.\" the License, or (at your option) any later version.
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.\"
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.\" The GNU General Public License's references to "object code"
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.\" and "executables" are to be interpreted as the output of any
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.\" document formatting or typesetting system, including
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.\" intermediate and printed output.
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.\"
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.\" This manual is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
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.\" but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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.\" MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
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.\" GNU General Public License for more details.
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.\"
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.\" You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
|
getent.1, _syscall.2, acct.2, adjtimex.2, bdflush.2, brk.2, cacheflush.2, getsid.2, getxattr.2, inotify_add_watch.2, inotify_init.2, inotify_rm_watch.2, ioperm.2, ipc.2, listxattr.2, mlock.2, modify_ldt.2, mremap.2, nanosleep.2, outb.2, ptrace.2, removexattr.2, sched_get_priority_max.2, sched_rr_get_interval.2, sched_setaffinity.2, sched_setparam.2, sched_setscheduler.2, sched_yield.2, setsid.2, setxattr.2, socketcall.2, unimplemented.2, aio_cancel.3, aio_error.3, aio_fsync.3, aio_read.3, aio_return.3, aio_suspend.3, aio_write.3, cfree.3, crypt.3, dlopen.3, errno.3, fenv.3, ftime.3, ftw.3, getgrent_r.3, getpass.3, getpwent_r.3, getutent.3, hsearch.3, lio_listio.3, login.3, longjmp.3, perror.3, printf.3, scandirat.3, setjmp.3, strfmon.3, strtoimax.3, termios.3, ttyname.3, ualarm.3, wcstoimax.3, wordexp.3, console_ioctl.4, dsp56k.4, fd.4, hd.4, intro.4, lp.4, mem.4, null.4, ram.4, rtc.4, sk98lin.4, tty.4, ttyS.4, vcs.4, charmap.5, filesystems.5, ftpusers.5, gai.conf.5, group.5, host.conf.5, hosts.5, intro.5, issue.5, locale.5, motd.5, networks.5, nologin.5, nscd.conf.5, nss.5, nsswitch.conf.5, passwd.5, proc.5, protocols.5, securetty.5, shells.5, termcap.5, ttytype.5, utmp.5, intro.6, armscii-8.7, ascii.7, bootparam.7, cp1251.7, cpuset.7, environ.7, glob.7, intro.7, iso_8859-1.7, iso_8859-10.7, iso_8859-11.7, iso_8859-13.7, iso_8859-14.7, iso_8859-15.7, iso_8859-16.7, iso_8859-2.7, iso_8859-3.7, iso_8859-4.7, iso_8859-5.7, iso_8859-6.7, iso_8859-7.7, iso_8859-8.7, iso_8859-9.7, koi8-r.7, koi8-u.7, posixoptions.7, standards.7, unicode.7, utf-8.7, intro.8, ldconfig.8, nscd.8: Global fix: Update info in source comments on where to get a copy of the GPL
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2013-03-10 09:28:43 +00:00
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.\" License along with this manual; if not, see
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.\" <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
|
getent.1, _syscall.2, acct.2, adjtimex.2, bdflush.2, brk.2, cacheflush.2, getsid.2, getxattr.2, inotify_add_watch.2, inotify_init.2, inotify_rm_watch.2, ioperm.2, ipc.2, listxattr.2, mlock.2, modify_ldt.2, mremap.2, nanosleep.2, outb.2, perf_event_open.2, ptrace.2, removexattr.2, s390_runtime_instr.2, sched_get_priority_max.2, sched_rr_get_interval.2, sched_setaffinity.2, sched_setparam.2, sched_setscheduler.2, sched_yield.2, setsid.2, setxattr.2, socketcall.2, unimplemented.2, aio_cancel.3, aio_error.3, aio_fsync.3, aio_read.3, aio_return.3, aio_suspend.3, aio_write.3, cfree.3, crypt.3, dlopen.3, encrypt.3, errno.3, fenv.3, ftime.3, ftw.3, getgrent_r.3, getpass.3, getpwent_r.3, getutent.3, hsearch.3, lio_listio.3, lockf.3, login.3, longjmp.3, perror.3, printf.3, scandirat.3, setjmp.3, strfmon.3, strtoimax.3, termios.3, ttyname.3, ualarm.3, updwtmp.3, wcstoimax.3, wordexp.3, console_ioctl.4, dsp56k.4, fd.4, hd.4, intro.4, lp.4, mem.4, null.4, ram.4, rtc.4, sk98lin.4, tty.4, ttyS.4, vcs.4, filesystems.5, group.5, host.conf.5, hosts.5, intro.5, issue.5, motd.5, networks.5, nologin.5, nsswitch.conf.5, passwd.5, proc.5, protocols.5, securetty.5, shells.5, termcap.5, ttytype.5, utmp.5, intro.6, armscii-8.7, ascii.7, bootparam.7, cp1251.7, environ.7, glob.7, intro.7, iso_8859-1.7, iso_8859-10.7, iso_8859-11.7, iso_8859-13.7, iso_8859-14.7, iso_8859-15.7, iso_8859-16.7, iso_8859-2.7, iso_8859-3.7, iso_8859-4.7, iso_8859-5.7, iso_8859-6.7, iso_8859-7.7, iso_8859-8.7, iso_8859-9.7, koi8-r.7, koi8-u.7, posixoptions.7, standards.7, unicode.7, utf-8.7, intro.8: Global fix: Add LICENSE_START(GPLv2+_doc_full)
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2013-03-10 09:28:44 +00:00
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.\" %%%LICENSE_END
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.\"
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.\" Modified Sun Jul 25 10:46:28 1993 by Rik Faith (faith@cs.unc.edu)
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.\" Modified Sun Aug 21 18:12:27 1994 by Rik Faith (faith@cs.unc.edu)
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.\" Modified Sun Jun 18 01:53:57 1995 by Andries Brouwer (aeb@cwi.nl)
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.\" Modified Mon Jan 5 20:24:40 MET 1998 by Michael Haardt
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.\" (michael@cantor.informatik.rwth-aachen.de)
|
kexec_load.2, personality.2, prctl.2, reboot.2, socket.2, fflush.3, getopt.3, random.3, termios.3, random.4, passwd.5, capabilities.7, signal.7: tstamp
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2015-02-01 16:14:12 +00:00
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.TH PASSWD 5 2015-02-01 "Linux" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.SH NAME
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passwd \- password file
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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2010-10-21 09:05:40 +00:00
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The
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.IR /etc/passwd
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file is a text file that describes user login accounts for the system.
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It should have read permission allowed for all users (many utilities, like
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.BR ls (1)
|
2008-06-30 14:36:59 +00:00
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use it to map user IDs to usernames), but write access only for the
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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superuser.
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.PP
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In the good old days there was no great problem with this general
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2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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read permission.
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Everybody could read the encrypted passwords, but the
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2010-10-21 09:05:40 +00:00
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hardware was too slow to crack a well-chosen password, and moreover the
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2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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basic assumption used to be that of a friendly user-community.
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These days many people run some version of the shadow password suite, where
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.I /etc/passwd
|
2012-02-07 18:01:11 +00:00
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has an \(aqx\(aq character in the password field,
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2006-07-05 12:45:41 +00:00
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and the encrypted passwords are in
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2010-10-21 09:05:40 +00:00
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.IR /etc/shadow ,
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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which is readable by the superuser only.
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.PP
|
2012-05-02 20:20:41 +00:00
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If the encrypted password, whether in
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.I /etc/passwd
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or in
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.IR /etc/shadow ,
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is an empty string, login is allowed without even asking for a password.
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Note that this functionality may be intentionally disabled in applications,
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or configurable (for example using the "nullok" or "nonull" arguments to
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pam_unix.so).
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.PP
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If the encrypted password in
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.I /etc/passwd
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is "\fI*NP*\fP" (without the quotes),
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the shadow record should be obtained from an NIS+ server.
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.PP
|
2010-10-21 09:05:40 +00:00
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Regardless of whether shadow passwords are used, many system administrators
|
2012-02-13 18:22:01 +00:00
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use an asterisk (*) in the encrypted password field to make sure
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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that this user can not authenticate him- or herself using a
|
2008-06-28 04:57:20 +00:00
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password.
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2010-10-21 09:05:40 +00:00
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(But see NOTES below.)
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.PP
|
2012-02-13 18:22:01 +00:00
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If you create a new login, first put an asterisk (*) in the password field,
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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then use
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.BR passwd (1)
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to set it.
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.PP
|
2012-05-03 19:35:15 +00:00
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Each line of the file describes a single user,
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and contains seven colon-separated fields:
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.sp
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.RS
|
2012-05-03 19:35:15 +00:00
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name:password:UID:GID:GECOS:directory:shell
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.RE
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.sp
|
2010-10-21 09:05:40 +00:00
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The field are as follows:
|
2010-10-21 08:50:45 +00:00
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.TP 12
|
2012-05-03 19:35:15 +00:00
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.I name
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This is the user's login name.
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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It should not contain capital letters.
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.TP
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.I password
|
2012-05-03 19:35:15 +00:00
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This is either the encrypted user password,
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an asterisk (*), or the letter \(aqx\(aq.
|
2006-07-05 12:45:41 +00:00
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(See
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|
.BR pwconv (8)
|
2008-06-09 15:49:35 +00:00
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for an explanation of \(aqx\(aq.)
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.TP
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.I UID
|
2012-05-03 19:35:15 +00:00
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The privileged
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.I root
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login account (superuser) has the user ID 0.
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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|
.TP
|
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|
|
.I GID
|
2012-05-03 19:35:15 +00:00
|
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This is the numeric primary group ID for this user.
|
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(Additional groups for the user are defined in the system group file; see
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.BR group (5)).
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.TP
|
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|
.I GECOS
|
2012-05-03 19:35:15 +00:00
|
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This field (sometimes called the "comment field")
|
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|
is optional and used only for informational purposes.
|
2008-06-30 14:36:59 +00:00
|
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|
Usually, it contains the full username.
|
2012-05-03 19:35:15 +00:00
|
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|
Some programs (for example,
|
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|
|
.BR finger (1))
|
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|
display information from this field.
|
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|
|
.IP
|
2010-10-21 09:05:40 +00:00
|
|
|
GECOS stands for "General Electric Comprehensive Operating System",
|
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|
|
which was renamed to GCOS when
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
GE's large systems division was sold to Honeywell.
|
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|
|
Dennis Ritchie has reported: "Sometimes we sent printer output or
|
|
|
|
batch jobs to the GCOS machine.
|
|
|
|
The gcos field in the password file was a place to stash the
|
|
|
|
information for the $IDENTcard.
|
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|
|
Not elegant."
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.I directory
|
2012-05-03 19:35:15 +00:00
|
|
|
This is the user's home directory:
|
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|
|
the initial directory where the user is placed after logging in.
|
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|
The value in this field is used to set the
|
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.B HOME
|
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|
|
environment variable.
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.I shell
|
2012-05-03 19:35:15 +00:00
|
|
|
This is the program to run at login (if empty, use
|
2005-11-02 13:55:25 +00:00
|
|
|
.IR /bin/sh ).
|
2010-01-16 17:04:12 +00:00
|
|
|
If set to a nonexistent executable, the user will be unable to login
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
through
|
|
|
|
.BR login (1).
|
2012-05-03 19:35:15 +00:00
|
|
|
The value in this field is used to set the
|
|
|
|
.B SHELL
|
|
|
|
environment variable.
|
2007-05-19 04:30:20 +00:00
|
|
|
.SH FILES
|
|
|
|
.I /etc/passwd
|
2007-05-16 02:54:18 +00:00
|
|
|
.SH NOTES
|
2010-10-21 09:05:40 +00:00
|
|
|
If you want to create user groups, there must be an entry in
|
|
|
|
.IR /etc/group ,
|
|
|
|
or no group will exist.
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.PP
|
2012-02-13 18:22:01 +00:00
|
|
|
If the encrypted password is set to an asterisk (*), the user will be unable
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
to login using
|
|
|
|
.BR login (1),
|
|
|
|
but may still login using
|
|
|
|
.BR rlogin (1),
|
|
|
|
run existing processes and initiate new ones through
|
|
|
|
.BR rsh (1),
|
2007-10-14 18:33:54 +00:00
|
|
|
.BR cron (8),
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.BR at (1),
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
or mail filters, etc.
|
|
|
|
Trying to lock an account by simply changing the
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
shell field yields the same result and additionally allows the use of
|
|
|
|
.BR su (1).
|
getent.1, intro.1, time.1, _exit.2, _syscall.2, accept.2, access.2, acct.2, adjtimex.2, alarm.2, alloc_hugepages.2, arch_prctl.2, bdflush.2, bind.2, brk.2, cacheflush.2, capget.2, chdir.2, chmod.2, chown.2, chroot.2, clock_getres.2, clock_nanosleep.2, clone.2, close.2, connect.2, create_module.2, delete_module.2, dup.2, epoll_create.2, epoll_ctl.2, epoll_wait.2, eventfd.2, execve.2, exit_group.2, faccessat.2, fchmodat.2, fchownat.2, fcntl.2, flock.2, fork.2, fstatat.2, fsync.2, futex.2, futimesat.2, get_kernel_syms.2, get_robust_list.2, get_thread_area.2, getcpu.2, getdents.2, getdomainname.2, getgid.2, getgroups.2, gethostname.2, getitimer.2, getpagesize.2, getpeername.2, getpid.2, getpriority.2, getresuid.2, getrlimit.2, getrusage.2, getsid.2, getsockname.2, getsockopt.2, gettid.2, gettimeofday.2, getuid.2, getunwind.2, getxattr.2, idle.2, init_module.2, inotify_add_watch.2, inotify_init.2, inotify_rm_watch.2, intro.2, io_cancel.2, io_destroy.2, io_getevents.2, io_setup.2, io_submit.2, ioctl.2, ioctl_list.2, ioperm.2, iopl.2, ioprio_set.2, ipc.2, kcmp.2, kill.2, killpg.2, link.2, linkat.2, listen.2, listxattr.2, llseek.2, lookup_dcookie.2, lseek.2, madvise.2, migrate_pages.2, mincore.2, mkdir.2, mkdirat.2, mknod.2, mknodat.2, mlock.2, mmap.2, mmap2.2, modify_ldt.2, mount.2, move_pages.2, mprotect.2, mq_getsetattr.2, mremap.2, msgctl.2, msgget.2, msgop.2, msync.2, nanosleep.2, nfsservctl.2, nice.2, open.2, openat.2, outb.2, pause.2, pciconfig_read.2, perf_event_open.2, perfmonctl.2, personality.2, pipe.2, pivot_root.2, poll.2, posix_fadvise.2, prctl.2, pread.2, process_vm_readv.2, ptrace.2, query_module.2, quotactl.2, read.2, readahead.2, readdir.2, readlink.2, readlinkat.2, readv.2, reboot.2, recv.2, remap_file_pages.2, removexattr.2, rename.2, renameat.2, rmdir.2, rt_sigqueueinfo.2, sched_get_priority_max.2, sched_rr_get_interval.2, sched_setaffinity.2, sched_setparam.2, sched_setscheduler.2, sched_yield.2, select.2, semctl.2, semget.2, semop.2, send.2, sendfile.2, set_thread_area.2, set_tid_address.2, seteuid.2, setfsgid.2, setfsuid.2, setgid.2, setpgid.2, setresuid.2, setreuid.2, setsid.2, setuid.2, setup.2, setxattr.2, shmctl.2, shmget.2, shmop.2, shutdown.2, sigaction.2, sigaltstack.2, signal.2, signalfd.2, sigpending.2, sigprocmask.2, sigreturn.2, sigsuspend.2, sigwaitinfo.2, socket.2, socketcall.2, socketpair.2, splice.2, stat.2, statfs.2, stime.2, swapon.2, symlink.2, symlinkat.2, sync.2, sync_file_range.2, sysctl.2, sysfs.2, sysinfo.2, syslog.2, tee.2, time.2, timerfd_create.2, times.2, tkill.2, truncate.2, umask.2, umount.2, uname.2, unimplemented.2, unlink.2, unlinkat.2, uselib.2, ustat.2, utime.2, utimensat.2, vfork.2, vhangup.2, vm86.2, vmsplice.2, wait.2, wait4.2, write.2, CPU_SET.3, INFINITY.3, MB_CUR_MAX.3, MB_LEN_MAX.3, __setfpucw.3, a64l.3, abort.3, abs.3, acos.3, acosh.3, addseverity.3, adjtime.3, aio_cancel.3, aio_error.3, aio_fsync.3, aio_read.3, aio_return.3, aio_suspend.3, aio_write.3, alloca.3, argz_add.3, asin.3, asinh.3, asprintf.3, assert.3, assert_perror.3, atan.3, atan2.3, atanh.3, atexit.3, atof.3, atoi.3, backtrace.3, basename.3, bcmp.3, bcopy.3, bindresvport.3, bsd_signal.3, bsearch.3, bstring.3, btowc.3, btree.3, byteorder.3, bzero.3, cabs.3, cacos.3, cacosh.3, canonicalize_file_name.3, carg.3, casin.3, casinh.3, catan.3, catanh.3, catgets.3, catopen.3, cbrt.3, ccos.3, ccosh.3, ceil.3, cerf.3, cexp.3, cexp2.3, cfree.3, cimag.3, clearenv.3, clock.3, clock_getcpuclockid.3, clog.3, clog10.3, clog2.3, closedir.3, cmsg.3, confstr.3, conj.3, copysign.3, cos.3, cosh.3, cpow.3, cproj.3, creal.3, crypt.3, csin.3, csinh.3, csqrt.3, ctan.3, ctanh.3, ctermid.3, ctime.3, daemon.3, dbopen.3, des_crypt.3, difftime.3, dirfd.3, div.3, dl_iterate_phdr.3, dlopen.3, dprintf.3, drand48.3, drand48_r.3, dysize.3, ecvt.3, ecvt_r.3, encrypt.3, end.3, endian.3, envz_add.3, erf.3, erfc.3, err.3, errno.3, error.3, ether_aton.3, euidaccess.3, exec.3, exit.3, exp.3, exp10.3, exp2.3, expm1.3, fabs.3, fclose.3, fcloseall.3, fdim.3, fenv.3, ferror.3, fexecve.3, fflush.3, ffs.3, fgetgrent.3, fgetpwent.3, fgetwc.3, fgetws.3, finite.3, flockfile.3, floor.3, fma.3, fmax.3, fmemopen.3, fmin.3, fmod.3, fmtmsg.3, fnmatch.3, fopen.3, fpathconf.3, fpclassify.3, fpurge.3, fputwc.3, fputws.3, fread.3, frexp.3, fseek.3, fseeko.3, ftime.3, ftok.3, fts.3, ftw.3, futimes.3, fwide.3, gamma.3, gcvt.3, getaddrinfo.3, getaddrinfo_a.3, getauxval.3, getcontext.3, getcwd.3, getdate.3, getdirentries.3, getdtablesize.3, getenv.3, getfsent.3, getgrent.3, getgrent_r.3, getgrnam.3, getgrouplist.3, gethostbyname.3, gethostid.3, getipnodebyname.3, getline.3, getloadavg.3, getlogin.3, getmntent.3, getnameinfo.3, getnetent.3, getnetent_r.3, getopt.3, getpass.3, getprotoent.3, getprotoent_r.3, getpt.3, getpw.3, getpwent.3, getpwent_r.3, getpwnam.3, getrpcent.3, getrpcent_r.3, getrpcport.3, gets.3, getservent.3, getservent_r.3, getspnam.3, getttyent.3, getumask.3, getusershell.3, getutent.3, getw.3, getwchar.3, glob.3, grantpt.3, gsignal.3, hash.3, hsearch.3, hypot.3, iconv.3, iconv_close.3, iconv_open.3, ilogb.3, index.3, inet.3, inet_ntop.3, inet_pton.3, infnan.3, initgroups.3, insque.3, intro.3, isalpha.3, isatty.3, isgreater.3, iswalnum.3, iswalpha.3, iswblank.3, iswcntrl.3, iswctype.3, iswdigit.3, iswgraph.3, iswlower.3, iswprint.3, iswpunct.3, iswspace.3, iswupper.3, iswxdigit.3, j0.3, key_setsecret.3, ldexp.3, lgamma.3, lio_listio.3, localeconv.3, lockf.3, log.3, log10.3, log1p.3, log2.3, logb.3, login.3, longjmp.3, lrint.3, lround.3, lsearch.3, lseek64.3, makecontext.3, makedev.3, malloc.3, malloc_hook.3, mblen.3, mbrlen.3, mbrtowc.3, mbsinit.3, mbsnrtowcs.3, mbsrtowcs.3, mbstowcs.3, mbtowc.3, memccpy.3, memchr.3, memcmp.3, memcpy.3, memfrob.3, memmem.3, memmove.3, mempcpy.3, memset.3, mkdtemp.3, mkfifo.3, mkfifoat.3, mkstemp.3, mktemp.3, modf.3, mpool.3, mq_close.3, mq_getattr.3, mq_notify.3, mq_open.3, mq_receive.3, mq_send.3, mq_unlink.3, mtrace.3, nan.3, netlink.3, nextafter.3, nl_langinfo.3, offsetof.3, on_exit.3, opendir.3, openpty.3, perror.3, popen.3, posix_fallocate.3, posix_memalign.3, posix_openpt.3, pow.3, pow10.3, printf.3, profil.3, program_invocation_name.3, psignal.3, pthread_kill_other_threads_np.3, ptsname.3, putenv.3, putgrent.3, putpwent.3, puts.3, putwchar.3, qecvt.3, qsort.3, queue.3, raise.3, rand.3, random.3, random_r.3, rcmd.3, re_comp.3, readdir.3, realpath.3, recno.3, regex.3, remainder.3, remove.3, remquo.3, resolver.3, rewinddir.3, rexec.3, rint.3, round.3, rpc.3, rpmatch.3, rtime.3, rtnetlink.3, scalb.3, scalbln.3, scandir.3, scandirat.3, scanf.3, seekdir.3, sem_close.3, sem_destroy.3, sem_getvalue.3, sem_init.3, sem_open.3, sem_post.3, sem_unlink.3, sem_wait.3, setaliasent.3, setbuf.3, setenv.3, setjmp.3, setlocale.3, setlogmask.3, setnetgrent.3, shm_open.3, siginterrupt.3, signbit.3, significand.3, sigpause.3, sigqueue.3, sigset.3, sigsetops.3, sigvec.3, sin.3, sincos.3, sinh.3, sleep.3, sockatmark.3, sqrt.3, statvfs.3, stdarg.3, stdin.3, stdio.3, stdio_ext.3, stpcpy.3, stpncpy.3, strcasecmp.3, strcat.3, strchr.3, strcmp.3, strcoll.3, strcpy.3, strdup.3, strerror.3, strfmon.3, strfry.3, strftime.3, string.3, strlen.3, strnlen.3, strpbrk.3, strptime.3, strsep.3, strsignal.3, strspn.3, strstr.3, strtod.3, strtoimax.3, strtok.3, strtol.3, strtoul.3, strverscmp.3, strxfrm.3, swab.3, sysconf.3, syslog.3, system.3, sysv_signal.3, tan.3, tanh.3, tcgetpgrp.3, tcgetsid.3, telldir.3, tempnam.3, termios.3, tgamma.3, timegm.3, timeradd.3, tmpfile.3, tmpnam.3, toascii.3, toupper.3, towctrans.3, towlower.3, towupper.3, trunc.3, tsearch.3, ttyname.3, ttyslot.3, tzset.3, ualarm.3, ulimit.3, ungetwc.3, unlocked_stdio.3, unlockpt.3, updwtmp.3, usleep.3, wcpcpy.3, wcpncpy.3, wcrtomb.3, wcscasecmp.3, wcscat.3, wcschr.3, wcscmp.3, wcscpy.3, wcscspn.3, wcsdup.3, wcslen.3, wcsncasecmp.3, wcsncat.3, wcsncmp.3, wcsncpy.3, wcsnlen.3, wcsnrtombs.3, wcspbrk.3, wcsrchr.3, wcsrtombs.3, wcsspn.3, wcsstr.3, wcstoimax.3, wcstok.3, wcstombs.3, wcswidth.3, wctob.3, wctomb.3, wctrans.3, wctype.3, wcwidth.3, wmemchr.3, wmemcmp.3, wmemcpy.3, wmemmove.3, wmemset.3, wordexp.3, wprintf.3, xcrypt.3, xdr.3, y0.3, cciss.4, console.4, console_codes.4, console_ioctl.4, dsp56k.4, fd.4, full.4, hd.4, hpsa.4, initrd.4, intro.4, lp.4, mem.4, mouse.4, null.4, pts.4, ram.4, random.4, rtc.4, sk98lin.4, st.4, tty.4, ttyS.4, tty_ioctl.4, vcs.4, wavelan.4, acct.5, charmap.5, dir_colors.5, filesystems.5, ftpusers.5, group.5, host.conf.5, hosts.5, hosts.equiv.5, intro.5, issue.5, locale.5, motd.5, networks.5, nologin.5, nscd.conf.5, passwd.5, proc.5, protocols.5, resolv.conf.5, rpc.5, securetty.5, services.5, shells.5, termcap.5, ttytype.5, utmp.5, armscii-8.7, arp.7, ascii.7, bootparam.7, capabilities.7, charsets.7, complex.7, cp1251.7, credentials.7, ddp.7, environ.7, epoll.7, fifo.7, futex.7, glob.7, hier.7, icmp.7, inotify.7, intro.7, ip.7, ipv6.7, iso_8859-1.7, iso_8859-10.7, iso_8859-11.7, iso_8859-13.7, iso_8859-14.7, iso_8859-15.7, iso_8859-16.7, iso_8859-2.7, iso_8859-3.7, iso_8859-4.7, iso_8859-5.7, iso_8859-6.7, iso_8859-7.7, iso_8859-8.7, iso_8859-9.7, koi8-r.7, koi8-u.7, locale.7, mailaddr.7, man.7, mq_overview.7, netdevice.7, netlink.7, numa.7, packet.7, path_resolution.7, pipe.7, posixoptions.7, pthreads.7, pty.7, raw.7, regex.7, rtld-audit.7, rtnetlink.7, sem_overview.7, shm_overview.7, sigevent.7, signal.7, socket.7, standards.7, suffixes.7, svipc.7, tcp.7, termio.7, time.7, udp.7, udplite.7, unicode.7, unix.7, uri.7, utf-8.7, x25.7, nscd.8, sync.8, tzselect.8, zdump.8, zic.8: Global fix: remove unneeded double quotes in .SH headings
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2013-02-24 18:01:36 +00:00
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.SH SEE ALSO
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2015-02-01 08:20:50 +00:00
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.BR chfn (1),
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.BR chsh (1),
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.BR login (1),
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.BR passwd (1),
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.BR su (1),
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2014-02-10 09:26:57 +00:00
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.BR crypt (3),
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2008-07-03 15:23:13 +00:00
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.BR getpwent (3),
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.BR getpwnam (3),
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.BR group (5),
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.BR shadow (5)
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