2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.\" Copyright (C) 1994, 1995 by Daniel Quinlan (quinlan@yggdrasil.com)
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.\" with networking additions from Alan Cox (A.Cox@swansea.ac.uk)
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.\" and scsi additions from Michael Neuffer (neuffer@mail.uni-mainz.de)
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.\" and sysctl additions from Andries Brouwer (aeb@cwi.nl)
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.\" and System V IPC (as well as various other) additions from
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2007-09-20 06:52:22 +00:00
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.\" Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.\"
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.\" This is free documentation; you can redistribute it and/or
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.\" modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
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.\" published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of
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.\" the License, or (at your option) any later version.
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.\"
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.\" The GNU General Public License's references to "object code"
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.\" and "executables" are to be interpreted as the output of any
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.\" document formatting or typesetting system, including
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.\" intermediate and printed output.
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.\"
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.\" This manual is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
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.\" but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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.\" MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
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.\" GNU General Public License for more details.
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.\"
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.\" You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
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.\" License along with this manual; if not, write to the Free
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.\" Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111,
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.\" USA.
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.\"
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.\" Modified 1995-05-17 by faith@cs.unc.edu
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.\" Minor changes by aeb and Marty Leisner (leisner@sdsp.mc.xerox.com).
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.\" Modified 1996-04-13, 1996-07-22 by aeb@cwi.nl
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.\" Modified 2001-12-16 by rwhron@earthlink.net
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.\" Modified 2002-07-13 by jbelton@shaw.ca
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.\" Modified 2002-07-22, 2003-05-27, 2004-04-06, 2004-05-25
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2007-09-20 06:52:22 +00:00
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.\" by Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
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2004-12-15 14:12:30 +00:00
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.\" 2004-11-17, mtk -- updated notes on /proc/loadavg
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.\" 2004-12-01, mtk, rtsig-max and rtsig-nr went away in 2.6.8
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2005-05-12 09:01:58 +00:00
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.\" 2004-12-14, mtk, updated 'statm', and fixed error in order of list
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.\" 2005-05-12, mtk, updated 'stat'
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2005-07-13 08:15:47 +00:00
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.\" 2005-07-13, mtk, added /proc/sys/fs/mqueue/*
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2005-09-19 14:20:48 +00:00
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.\" 2005-09-16, mtk, Added /proc/sys/fs/suid_dumpable
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.\" 2005-09-19, mtk, added /proc/zoneinfo
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2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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.\" 2005-03-01, mtk, moved /proc/sys/fs/mqueue/* material to
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2006-03-01 03:26:46 +00:00
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.\" mq_overview.7.
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2005-09-19 14:20:48 +00:00
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.\"
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2006-03-23 08:02:02 +00:00
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.\" FIXME 2.6.14 has /proc/PID/numa_maps (if CONFIG_NUMA is
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.\" enabled); this needs to be documented.
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2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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.\" Info on numa_maps can be found in the patch-2.6.14
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2006-03-23 08:02:02 +00:00
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.\" Changelog, but this is possibly not up to date.
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2006-03-05 20:45:41 +00:00
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.\"
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2006-02-10 18:46:42 +00:00
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.\" FIXME 2.6.13 seems to have /proc/vmcore implemented
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2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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.\" in the source code, but there is no option available under
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.\" 'make xconfig'; eventually this should be fixed, and then info
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.\" from the patch-2.6.13 and change log could be used to write an
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2006-02-10 18:46:42 +00:00
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.\" entry in this man page.
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2006-03-05 20:45:41 +00:00
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.\"
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2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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.\" FIXME cross check against Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt
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.\" to see what information could be imported from that file
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2006-02-10 18:46:42 +00:00
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.\" into this file.
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.\"
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2007-11-24 07:49:41 +00:00
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.TH PROC 5 2007-11-30 "Linux" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.SH NAME
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proc \- process information pseudo-filesystem
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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The
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.I proc
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filesystem is a pseudo-filesystem which is used as an interface to
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2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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kernel data structures.
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It is commonly mounted at
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.IR /proc .
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2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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Most of it is read-only, but some files allow kernel variables to be
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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changed.
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.LP
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The following outline gives a quick tour through the /proc hierarchy.
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.PD 1
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.TP
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.I /proc/[number]
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There is a numerical subdirectory for each running process; the
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subdirectory is named by the process ID.
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Each such subdirectory contains the following
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pseudo-files and directories.
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.TP
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2006-08-09 09:56:44 +00:00
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.IR /proc/[number]/auxv " (since 2.6.0-test7)"
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This contains the contents of the ELF interpreter information passed
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2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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to the process at exec time.
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2006-08-09 09:56:44 +00:00
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The format is one \fIunsigned long\fP ID
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2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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plus one \fIunsigned long\fP value for each entry.
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2006-08-09 09:56:44 +00:00
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The last entry contains two zeros.
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.TP
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.I /proc/[number]/cmdline
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This holds the complete command line for the process, unless the whole
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2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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process has been swapped out or the process is a zombie.
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2007-06-08 11:56:22 +00:00
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In either of these latter cases, there is nothing in this file:
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that is, a read on this file will return 0 characters.
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2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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The command line arguments appear in this file as a set of
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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null-separated strings, with a further null byte after the last string.
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.TP
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.I /proc/[number]/cwd
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2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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This is a symbolic link to the current working directory of the process.
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2006-01-11 05:08:42 +00:00
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To find out the cwd of process 20, for instance, you can do this:
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.br
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.nf
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.ft CW
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cd /proc/20/cwd; /bin/pwd
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.fi
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.ft
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2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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Note that the
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.I pwd
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2006-01-11 05:08:42 +00:00
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command is often a shell builtin, and might
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2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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not work properly.
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In bash, you may use pwd \-P.
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2006-01-11 05:08:42 +00:00
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.\" The following was still true as at kernel 2.6.13
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2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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In a multithreaded process, the contents of this symbolic link
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are not available if the main thread has already terminated
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2006-01-11 05:08:42 +00:00
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(typically by calling
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.BR pthread_exit (3).
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.TP
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.I /proc/[number]/environ
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This file contains the environment for the process.
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2006-01-13 02:09:44 +00:00
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The entries are separated by null bytes ('\\0'),
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and there may be a null bytes at the end.
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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Thus, to print out the environment of process 1, you would do:
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.br
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.nf
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.ft CW
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(cat /proc/1/environ; echo) | tr "\\000" "\\n"
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.fi
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.ft P
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(For a reason why one should want to do this, see
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2007-11-18 07:33:55 +00:00
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.BR lilo (8)
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or
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.BR grub (8).)
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.TP
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.I /proc/[number]/exe
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Under Linux 2.2 and later, this file is a symbolic link
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2006-02-12 22:19:08 +00:00
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containing the actual pathname of the executed command.
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2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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This symbolic link can be dereferenced normally; attempting to open
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it will open the executable.
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You can even type
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.I /proc/[number]/exe
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2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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to run another copy of the same executable as is being run by
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2005-06-24 15:56:02 +00:00
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process [number].
|
2006-01-11 05:08:42 +00:00
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.\" The following was still true as at kernel 2.6.13
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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In a multithreaded process, the contents of this symbolic link
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are not available if the main thread has already terminated
|
2006-01-11 05:08:42 +00:00
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(typically by calling
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.BR pthread_exit (3)).
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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Under Linux 2.0 and earlier
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.I /proc/[number]/exe
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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is a pointer to the binary which was executed,
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and appears as a symbolic link.
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A
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.BR readlink (2)
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call on this file under Linux 2.0 returns a string in the format:
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[device]:inode
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For example, [0301]:1502 would be inode 1502 on device major 03 (IDE,
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MFM, etc. drives) minor 01 (first partition on the first drive).
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.BR find (1)
|
2005-07-06 07:41:37 +00:00
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with the \-inum option can be used to locate the file.
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.TP
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.I /proc/[number]/fd
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This is a subdirectory containing one entry for each file which the
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process has open, named by its file descriptor, and which is a
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2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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symbolic link to the actual file.
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Thus, 0 is standard input, 1 standard output, 2 standard error, etc.
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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|
2006-01-11 05:08:42 +00:00
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.\" The following was still true as at kernel 2.6.13
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In a multithreaded process, the contents of this directory
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2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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are not available if the main thread has already terminated
|
2006-01-11 05:08:42 +00:00
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(typically by calling
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.BR pthread_exit (3)).
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|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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Programs that will take a filename, but will not take the standard
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input, and which write to a file, but will not send their output to
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2005-07-06 07:41:37 +00:00
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standard output, can be effectively foiled this way, assuming that \-i
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is the flag designating an input file and \-o is the flag designating
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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an output file:
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.br
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.nf
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|
2005-07-06 12:57:38 +00:00
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\f(CWfoobar \-i /proc/self/fd/0 \-o /proc/self/fd/1 ...\fR
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.fi
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.br
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and you have a working filter.
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.\" The following is not true in my tests (MTK):
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.\" Note that this will not work for
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.\" programs that seek on their files, as the files in the fd directory
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.\" are not seekable.
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/proc/self/fd/N is approximately the same as /dev/fd/N in some UNIX
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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and UNIX-like systems.
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Most Linux MAKEDEV scripts symbolically link
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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/dev/fd to /proc/self/fd, in fact.
|
2005-11-09 15:15:18 +00:00
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.\" FIXME Describe /proc/[number]/loginuid
|
2006-01-18 08:15:39 +00:00
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.\" Added in 2.6.11; updating requires CAP_AUDIT_CONTROL
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.TP
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.I /proc/[number]/maps
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A file containing the currently mapped memory regions and their access
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permissions.
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The format is:
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.nf
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.ft CW
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.in 8n
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address perms offset dev inode pathname
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08048000-08056000 r-xp 00000000 03:0c 64593 /usr/sbin/gpm
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08056000-08058000 rw-p 0000d000 03:0c 64593 /usr/sbin/gpm
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08058000-0805b000 rwxp 00000000 00:00 0
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40000000-40013000 r-xp 00000000 03:0c 4165 /lib/ld-2.2.4.so
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40013000-40015000 rw-p 00012000 03:0c 4165 /lib/ld-2.2.4.so
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4001f000-40135000 r-xp 00000000 03:0c 45494 /lib/libc-2.2.4.so
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40135000-4013e000 rw-p 00115000 03:0c 45494 /lib/libc-2.2.4.so
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4013e000-40142000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
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bffff000-c0000000 rwxp 00000000 00:00 0
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.ft
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.fi
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.in
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where address is the address space in the process that it occupies,
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perms is a set of permissions:
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.nf
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.in +5
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r = read
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w = write
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x = execute
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s = shared
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p = private (copy on write)
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.fi
|
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.in
|
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offset is the offset into the file/whatever, dev is the device
|
|
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|
(major:minor), and inode is the inode on that device. 0 indicates
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that no inode is associated with the memory region, as the case would
|
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be with bss.
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Under Linux 2.0 there is no field giving pathname.
|
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.TP
|
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.I /proc/[number]/mem
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|
This file can be used to access the pages of a process's memory through
|
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.BR open (2),
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.BR read (2),
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and
|
2006-11-28 04:22:24 +00:00
|
|
|
.BR lseek (2).
|
2006-07-06 12:38:53 +00:00
|
|
|
.\" FIXME Describe /proc/[number]/mountstats and
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|
.\" /proc/PID/task/TID/mountstats
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.\" Some information can be found in the 2.6.17-rc1 change log.
|
2006-07-01 05:04:14 +00:00
|
|
|
.\" Added in 2.6.17
|
2006-07-06 12:38:53 +00:00
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|
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.\"
|
2005-11-09 15:15:18 +00:00
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|
|
.\" FIXME Describe /proc/[number]/oom_adj
|
2006-01-18 08:18:46 +00:00
|
|
|
.\" Added in 2.6.11; updating requires CAP_SYS_RESOURCE
|
2005-11-09 15:15:18 +00:00
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|
|
.\" Mention OOM_DISABLE (-17)
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.\" FIXME Describe /proc/[number]/oom_score
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|
.\" Added in 2.6.11; read-only
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.TP
|
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.I /proc/[number]/root
|
|
|
|
Unix and Linux support the idea of a per-process root of the
|
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|
filesystem, set by the
|
|
|
|
.BR chroot (2)
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
system call.
|
|
|
|
This file is a symbolic link that points to the process's
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
root directory, and behaves as exe, fd/*, etc. do.
|
2006-01-11 05:08:42 +00:00
|
|
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|
|
|
|
.\" The following was still true as at kernel 2.6.13
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
In a multithreaded process, the contents of this symbolic link
|
|
|
|
are not available if the main thread has already terminated
|
2006-01-11 05:08:42 +00:00
|
|
|
(typically by calling
|
|
|
|
.BR pthread_exit (3)).
|
2005-11-09 15:15:18 +00:00
|
|
|
.\" FIXME Describe /proc/[number]/seccomp
|
|
|
|
.\" Added in 2.6.12
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.TP
|
2006-03-23 08:02:02 +00:00
|
|
|
.IR /proc/[number]/smaps " (since Linux 2.6.14)"
|
|
|
|
This file shows memory consumption for each of the process's mappings.
|
|
|
|
For each of mappings there is a series of lines as follows:
|
|
|
|
.in +0.25i
|
|
|
|
.nf
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
08048000-080bc000 r-xp 00000000 03:02 13130 /bin/bash
|
|
|
|
Size: 464 kB
|
|
|
|
Rss: 424 kB
|
|
|
|
Shared_Clean: 424 kB
|
|
|
|
Shared_Dirty: 0 kB
|
|
|
|
Private_Clean: 0 kB
|
|
|
|
Private_Dirty: 0 kB
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.fi
|
|
|
|
.in -0.25i
|
|
|
|
The first of these lines shows the same information as is displayed
|
|
|
|
for the mapping in
|
|
|
|
.IR /proc/[number]/maps .
|
|
|
|
The remaining lines show the size of the mapping,
|
|
|
|
the amount of the mapping that is currently resident in RAM,
|
|
|
|
the number clean and dirty shared pages in the mapping,
|
|
|
|
and the number clean and dirty private pages in the mapping.
|
|
|
|
|
2007-06-22 20:40:07 +00:00
|
|
|
This file is only present if the
|
|
|
|
.B CONFIG_MMU
|
|
|
|
kernel configuration
|
2006-03-23 08:02:02 +00:00
|
|
|
option is enabled.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.I /proc/[number]/stat
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
Status information about the process.
|
|
|
|
This is used by
|
|
|
|
.BR ps (1).
|
|
|
|
It is defined in
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.IR /usr/src/linux/fs/proc/array.c "."
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The fields, in order, with their proper
|
|
|
|
.BR scanf (3)
|
|
|
|
format specifiers, are:
|
|
|
|
.RS
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
\fIpid\fP %d
|
2005-07-18 16:02:32 +00:00
|
|
|
The process ID.
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
\fIcomm\fP %s
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
The filename of the executable, in parentheses.
|
|
|
|
This is visible whether or not the executable is swapped out.
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
\fIstate\fP %c
|
|
|
|
One character from the string "RSDZTW" where R is running, S is
|
|
|
|
sleeping in an interruptible wait, D is waiting in uninterruptible
|
|
|
|
disk sleep, Z is zombie, T is traced or stopped (on a signal),
|
|
|
|
and W is paging.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
\fIppid\fP %d
|
|
|
|
The PID of the parent.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
\fIpgrp\fP %d
|
|
|
|
The process group ID of the process.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
\fIsession\fP %d
|
|
|
|
The session ID of the process.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.\" tty_nr needs better explanation.
|
|
|
|
\fItty_nr\fP %d
|
|
|
|
The tty the process uses.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
\fItpgid\fP %d
|
|
|
|
.\" This field and following, up to and including wchan added 0.99.1
|
|
|
|
The process group ID of the process which currently owns the tty that
|
|
|
|
the process is connected to.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
2007-10-16 06:22:27 +00:00
|
|
|
\fIflags\fP %u (%lu before Linux 2.6.22)
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
The kernel flags word of the process.
|
|
|
|
For bit meanings,
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
see the PF_* defines in
|
|
|
|
.IR <linux/sched.h> .
|
|
|
|
Details depend on the kernel version.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
\fIminflt\fP %lu
|
|
|
|
The number of minor faults the process has made which have not
|
|
|
|
required loading a memory page from disk.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
\fIcminflt\fP %lu
|
|
|
|
The number of minor faults that the process's
|
|
|
|
waited-for children have made.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
\fImajflt\fP %lu
|
|
|
|
The number of major faults the process has made which have
|
|
|
|
required loading a memory page from disk.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
\fIcmajflt\fP %lu
|
|
|
|
The number of major faults that the process's
|
|
|
|
waited-for children have made.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
\fIutime\fP %lu
|
|
|
|
The number of jiffies that this process has been scheduled in user
|
|
|
|
mode.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
\fIstime\fP %lu
|
|
|
|
The number of jiffies that this process has been scheduled in kernel
|
|
|
|
mode.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
\fIcutime\fP %ld
|
|
|
|
The number of jiffies that this process's
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
waited-for children have been scheduled in user mode.
|
|
|
|
(See also
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.BR times (2).)
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
\fIcstime\fP %ld
|
|
|
|
The number of jiffies that this process's
|
|
|
|
waited-for children have been scheduled in kernel mode.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
\fIpriority\fP %ld
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
The standard nice value, plus fifteen.
|
|
|
|
The value is never negative in the kernel.
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
\fInice\fP %ld
|
2005-06-15 14:10:23 +00:00
|
|
|
The nice value ranges from 19 (nicest) to \-19 (not nice to others).
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.\" .TP
|
|
|
|
.\" \fIcounter\fP %ld
|
|
|
|
.\" The current maximum size in jiffies of the process's next timeslice,
|
|
|
|
.\" or what is currently left of its current timeslice, if it is the
|
|
|
|
.\" currently running process.
|
|
|
|
.\" .TP
|
|
|
|
.\" \fItimeout\fP %u
|
|
|
|
.\" The time in jiffies of the process's next timeout.
|
2007-07-01 16:38:44 +00:00
|
|
|
.\" timeout was removed sometime around 2.1/2.2
|
|
|
|
\fInum_threads\fP %ld
|
2007-10-16 06:22:27 +00:00
|
|
|
Number of threads in this process (since Linux 2.6).
|
2007-07-07 18:50:56 +00:00
|
|
|
Before kernel 2.6, this field was hard coded to 0 as a placeholder
|
2007-07-01 16:38:44 +00:00
|
|
|
for an earlier removed field.
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
\fIitrealvalue\fP %ld
|
2007-06-21 05:38:48 +00:00
|
|
|
The time in jiffies before the next
|
|
|
|
.B SIGALRM
|
|
|
|
is sent to the process due to an interval timer.
|
2007-07-01 16:38:44 +00:00
|
|
|
Since kernel 2.6.17, this field is no longer maintained,
|
|
|
|
and is hard coded as 0.
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.TP
|
2007-07-01 16:38:44 +00:00
|
|
|
\fIstarttime\fP %llu (was %lu before Linux 2.6)
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
The time in jiffies the process started after system boot.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
\fIvsize\fP %lu
|
|
|
|
Virtual memory size in bytes.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
\fIrss\fP %ld
|
|
|
|
Resident Set Size: number of pages the process has in real memory,
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
minus 3 for administrative purposes.
|
|
|
|
This is just the pages which
|
|
|
|
count towards text, data, or stack space.
|
|
|
|
This does not include pages
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
which have not been demand-loaded in, or which are swapped out.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
\fIrlim\fP %lu
|
|
|
|
Current limit in bytes on the rss of the process (usually
|
|
|
|
4294967295 on i386).
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
\fIstartcode\fP %lu
|
|
|
|
The address above which program text can run.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
\fIendcode\fP %lu
|
|
|
|
The address below which program text can run.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
\fIstartstack\fP %lu
|
|
|
|
The address of the start of the stack.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
\fIkstkesp\fP %lu
|
|
|
|
The current value of esp (stack pointer), as found in the
|
|
|
|
kernel stack page for the process.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
\fIkstkeip\fP %lu
|
|
|
|
The current EIP (instruction pointer).
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
\fIsignal\fP %lu
|
2005-05-12 08:42:35 +00:00
|
|
|
The bitmap of pending signals.
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
\fIblocked\fP %lu
|
2005-05-12 08:42:35 +00:00
|
|
|
The bitmap of blocked signals.
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
\fIsigignore\fP %lu
|
|
|
|
The bitmap of ignored signals.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
\fIsigcatch\fP %lu
|
2005-05-12 08:42:35 +00:00
|
|
|
The bitmap of caught signals.
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
\fIwchan\fP %lu
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
This is the "channel" in which the process is waiting.
|
|
|
|
It is the
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
address of a system call, and can be looked up in a namelist if you
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
need a textual name.
|
2007-10-03 19:48:21 +00:00
|
|
|
(If you have an up-to-date
|
|
|
|
.IR /etc/psdatabase ,
|
|
|
|
then
|
2005-07-06 07:41:37 +00:00
|
|
|
try \fIps \-l\fP to see the WCHAN field in action.)
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
\fInswap\fP %lu
|
2007-07-01 16:38:44 +00:00
|
|
|
.\" nswap was added in 2.0
|
2005-07-06 07:41:37 +00:00
|
|
|
Number of pages swapped (not maintained).
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
\fIcnswap\fP %lu
|
2007-07-01 16:38:44 +00:00
|
|
|
.\" cnswap was added in 2.0
|
2005-07-06 07:41:37 +00:00
|
|
|
Cumulative \fInswap\fP for child processes (not maintained).
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.TP
|
2007-10-16 06:22:27 +00:00
|
|
|
\fIexit_signal\fP %d (since Linux 2.1.22)
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
Signal to be sent to parent when we die.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
2007-10-16 06:22:27 +00:00
|
|
|
\fIprocessor\fP %d (since Linux 2.2.8)
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
CPU number last executed on.
|
2005-05-12 09:01:58 +00:00
|
|
|
.TP
|
2007-10-16 06:22:27 +00:00
|
|
|
\fIrt_priority\fP %u (since Linux 2.5.19; was %lu before Linux 2.6.22)
|
2005-05-12 09:01:58 +00:00
|
|
|
Real-time scheduling priority (see
|
|
|
|
.BR sched_setscheduler (2)).
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
2007-10-16 06:22:27 +00:00
|
|
|
\fIpolicy\fP %u (since Linux 2.5.19; was %lu before Linux 2.6.22)
|
2005-05-12 09:01:58 +00:00
|
|
|
Scheduling policy (see
|
|
|
|
.BR sched_setscheduler (2)).
|
2006-09-26 05:58:39 +00:00
|
|
|
.TP
|
2007-10-16 06:22:27 +00:00
|
|
|
\fIdelayacct_blkio_ticks\fP %llu (since Linux 2.6.18)
|
2007-07-01 16:38:44 +00:00
|
|
|
Aggregated block I/O delays, measured in clock ticks (centiseconds).
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.RE
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.I /proc/[number]/statm
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
Provides information about memory status in pages.
|
|
|
|
The columns are:
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
size total program size
|
|
|
|
resident resident set size
|
|
|
|
share shared pages
|
2004-12-15 14:12:30 +00:00
|
|
|
text text (code)
|
|
|
|
lib library
|
|
|
|
data data/stack
|
|
|
|
dt dirty pages (unused in Linux 2.6)
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.I /proc/[number]/status
|
|
|
|
Provides much of the information in
|
|
|
|
.I /proc/[number]/stat
|
|
|
|
and
|
|
|
|
.I /proc/[number]/statm
|
|
|
|
in a format that's easier for humans to parse.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
2007-10-16 06:22:27 +00:00
|
|
|
.IR /proc/[number]/task " (since Linux 2.6.0-test6)"
|
2006-01-11 05:08:42 +00:00
|
|
|
This is a directory that contains one subdirectory
|
|
|
|
for each thread in the process.
|
|
|
|
The name of each subdirectory is the numerical thread ID of the
|
|
|
|
thread (see
|
|
|
|
.BR gettid (2)).
|
|
|
|
Within each of these subdirectories, there is a set of
|
|
|
|
files with the same names and contents as under the
|
|
|
|
.I /proc/[number]
|
|
|
|
directories.
|
|
|
|
For attributes that are shared by all threads, the contents for
|
|
|
|
each of the files under the
|
|
|
|
.I task/[thread-ID]
|
|
|
|
subdirectories will be the same as in the corresponding
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
file in the parent
|
2006-01-11 05:08:42 +00:00
|
|
|
.I /proc/[number]
|
|
|
|
directory
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
(e.g., in a multithreaded process, all of the
|
2006-01-11 05:08:42 +00:00
|
|
|
.I task/[thread-ID]/cwd
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
files will have the same value as the
|
2006-01-11 05:08:42 +00:00
|
|
|
.I /proc/[number]/cwd
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
file in the parent directory, since all of the threads in a process
|
2006-01-11 05:08:42 +00:00
|
|
|
share a working directory).
|
|
|
|
For attributes that are distinct for each thread,
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
the corresponding files under
|
2006-01-11 05:08:42 +00:00
|
|
|
.I task/[thread-ID]
|
|
|
|
may have different values (e.g., various fields in each of the
|
|
|
|
.I task/[thread-ID]/status
|
|
|
|
files may be different for each thread).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.\" The following was still true as at kernel 2.6.13
|
|
|
|
In a multithreaded process, the contents of the
|
|
|
|
.I /proc/[number]/task
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
directory are not available if the main thread has already terminated
|
2006-01-11 05:08:42 +00:00
|
|
|
(typically by calling
|
|
|
|
.BR pthread_exit (3)).
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.I /proc/apm
|
2007-06-22 20:40:07 +00:00
|
|
|
Advanced power management version and battery information when
|
|
|
|
.B CONFIG_APM
|
|
|
|
is defined at kernel compilation time.
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.I /proc/bus
|
|
|
|
Contains subdirectories for installed busses.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.I /proc/bus/pccard
|
2007-06-22 20:40:07 +00:00
|
|
|
Subdirectory for pcmcia devices when
|
|
|
|
.B CONFIG_PCMCIA
|
|
|
|
is set at kernel compilation time.
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.I /proc/bus/pccard/drivers
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.I /proc/bus/pci
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
Contains various bus subdirectories and pseudo-files containing
|
|
|
|
information about pci busses, installed devices, and device
|
|
|
|
drivers.
|
|
|
|
Some of these files are not ASCII.
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.I /proc/bus/pci/devices
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
Information about pci devices.
|
|
|
|
They may be accessed through
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.BR lspci (8)
|
|
|
|
and
|
|
|
|
.BR setpci (8).
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.I /proc/cmdline
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
Arguments passed to the Linux kernel at boot time.
|
|
|
|
Often done via a boot manager such as
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.BR lilo (1).
|
2006-04-19 21:11:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.\" FIXME Document /proc/config.gz (new in kernel 2.6)
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.TP
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.I /proc/cpuinfo
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This is a collection of CPU and system architecture dependent items,
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for each supported architecture a different list.
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Two common entries are \fIprocessor\fP which gives CPU number and
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2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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\fIbogomips\fP; a system constant that is calculated
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during kernel initialization.
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SMP machines have information for
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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each CPU.
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.TP
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.I /proc/devices
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2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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Text listing of major numbers and device groups.
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This can be used by MAKEDEV scripts for consistency with the kernel.
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.TP
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.IR /proc/diskstats " (since Linux 2.5.69)"
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This file contains disk I/O statistics for each disk device.
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See the kernel source file
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.I Documentation/iostats.txt
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for further information.
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.TP
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.I /proc/dma
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2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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This is a list of the registered \fIISA\fP DMA (direct memory access)
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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channels in use.
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.TP
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.I /proc/driver
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Empty subdirectory.
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.TP
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.I /proc/execdomains
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List of the execution domains (ABI personalities).
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.TP
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.I /proc/fb
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2007-06-22 20:40:07 +00:00
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Frame buffer information when
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.B CONFIG_FB
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is defined during kernel compilation.
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.TP
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.I /proc/filesystems
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I noticed things to correct and to clarify in subsection
"/proc/filesystems" of proc.5:
- clarify filesystems listing: not only FS compiled
into the kernel, also FS kernel modules currently loaded
- add a reference to fs(5)
- add an explanation for FS marked with "nodev"
- s/mount(1)/mount(8)/, also corrected in section "SEE ALSO"
- clarify usage by mount: the current wording may lead to
think /proc/filesystems is always used by mount when no FS
is specified. So, usage of "may" which IMHO is more
appropriate + additionnal explanations
In mount(8) we can see:
If no -t option is given, or if the auto type is
specified, mount will try to guess the desired type.
If mount was compiled with the blkid library, the
guessing is done by this library. Otherwise, mount
guesses itself by probing the superblock; if that
does not turn up anything that looks familiar,
mount will try to read the file /etc/filesystems,
or, if that does not exist, /proc/filesystems.
All of the filesystem types listed there will be
tried, except for those that are labeled "nodev"
(e.g., devpts, proc and nfs). If /etc/filesystems
ends in a line with a single * only, mount will
read /proc/filesystems afterwards.
2007-08-27 13:34:42 +00:00
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A text listing of the filesystems which are supported by the kernel,
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namely filesystems which were compiled into the kernel or whose kernel
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modules are currently loaded. (See also
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2007-12-10 09:37:51 +00:00
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.BR filesystems (5).)
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I noticed things to correct and to clarify in subsection
"/proc/filesystems" of proc.5:
- clarify filesystems listing: not only FS compiled
into the kernel, also FS kernel modules currently loaded
- add a reference to fs(5)
- add an explanation for FS marked with "nodev"
- s/mount(1)/mount(8)/, also corrected in section "SEE ALSO"
- clarify usage by mount: the current wording may lead to
think /proc/filesystems is always used by mount when no FS
is specified. So, usage of "may" which IMHO is more
appropriate + additionnal explanations
In mount(8) we can see:
If no -t option is given, or if the auto type is
specified, mount will try to guess the desired type.
If mount was compiled with the blkid library, the
guessing is done by this library. Otherwise, mount
guesses itself by probing the superblock; if that
does not turn up anything that looks familiar,
mount will try to read the file /etc/filesystems,
or, if that does not exist, /proc/filesystems.
All of the filesystem types listed there will be
tried, except for those that are labeled "nodev"
(e.g., devpts, proc and nfs). If /etc/filesystems
ends in a line with a single * only, mount will
read /proc/filesystems afterwards.
2007-08-27 13:34:42 +00:00
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If a filesystem is marked with "nodev",
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this means that it does not require a block device to be mounted
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(e.g., virtual filesystem, network filesystem).
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Incidentally, this file may be used by
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.BR mount (8)
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when no filesystem is specified and it didn't manage to determine the
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filesystem type.
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Then filesystems contained in this file are tried
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(excepted those that are marked with "nodev").
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.TP
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.I /proc/fs
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Empty subdirectory.
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.TP
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.I /proc/ide
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This directory
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2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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exists on systems with the ide bus.
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There are directories for each ide channel and attached device.
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Files include:
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.nf
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cache buffer size in KB
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capacity number of sectors
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driver driver version
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geometry physical and logical geometry
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2005-06-24 14:17:21 +00:00
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identify in hexadecimal
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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media media type
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model manufacturer's model number
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settings drive settings
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2005-06-24 14:17:21 +00:00
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smart_thresholds in hexadecimal
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smart_values in hexadecimal
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.fi
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2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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The
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.BR hdparm (8)
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utility provides access to this information in a friendly format.
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.TP
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.I /proc/interrupts
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This is used to record the number of interrupts per each IRQ on (at
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2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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least) the i386 architecture.
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Very easy to read formatting, done in
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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ASCII.
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.TP
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.I /proc/iomem
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I/O memory map in Linux 2.4.
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.TP
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.I /proc/ioports
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2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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This is a list of currently registered Input-Output port regions that
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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are in use.
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.TP
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.IR /proc/kallsyms " (since Linux 2.5.71)"
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This holds the kernel exported symbol definitions used by the
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.BR modules (X)
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tools to dynamically link and bind loadable modules.
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In Linux 2.5.47 and earlier, a similar file with slightly different syntax
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was named
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.IR ksyms .
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.TP
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.I /proc/kcore
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This file represents the physical memory of the system and is stored
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2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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in the ELF core file format.
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With this pseudo-file, and an unstripped
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2007-10-03 19:48:21 +00:00
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kernel
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.RI ( /usr/src/linux/vmlinux )
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binary, GDB can be used to
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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examine the current state of any kernel data structures.
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The total length of the file is the size of physical memory (RAM) plus
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4KB.
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.TP
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.I /proc/kmsg
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This file can be used instead of the
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.BR syslog (2)
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2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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system call to read kernel messages.
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A process must have superuser
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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privileges to read this file, and only one process should read this
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2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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file.
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This file should not be read if a syslog process is running
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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which uses the
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.BR syslog (2)
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system call facility to log kernel messages.
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Information in this file is retrieved with the
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.BR dmesg (8)
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program.
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.TP
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.IR /proc/ksyms " (Linux 1.1.23-2.5.47)"
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See
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.IR /proc/kallsyms .
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.TP
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.I /proc/loadavg
|
2004-11-17 10:43:17 +00:00
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The first three fields in this file are load average figures
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giving the number of jobs in the run queue (state R)
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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or waiting for disk I/O (state D) averaged over 1, 5, and 15 minutes.
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They are the same as the load average numbers given by
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.BR uptime (1)
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and other programs.
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2004-11-17 10:43:17 +00:00
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The fourth field consists of two numbers separated by a slash (/).
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The first of these is the number of currently executing kernel
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2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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scheduling entities (processes, threads);
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2004-11-17 10:43:17 +00:00
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this will be less than or equal to the number of CPUs.
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The value after the slash is the number of kernel scheduling entities
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that currently exist on the system.
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The fifth field is the PID of the process that was most
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recently created on the system.
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.TP
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.I /proc/locks
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This file shows current file locks
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.RB ( flock "(2) and " fcntl (2))
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and leases
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.RB ( fcntl (2)).
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.TP
|
2007-06-24 17:00:09 +00:00
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.IR /proc/malloc " (only up to and including Linux 2.2)"
|
2007-06-22 20:40:07 +00:00
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This file is only present if
|
2007-06-24 17:00:09 +00:00
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.B CONFIG_DEBUG_MALLOC
|
2007-06-22 20:40:07 +00:00
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was defined during compilation.
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.TP
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.I /proc/meminfo
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This is used by
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.BR free (1)
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to report the amount of free and used memory (both physical and swap)
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on the system as well as the shared memory and buffers used by the
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kernel.
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It is in the same format as
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.BR free (1),
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except in bytes rather than KB.
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.TP
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.I /proc/mounts
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This is a list of all the file systems currently mounted on the system.
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The format of this file is documented in
|
2005-11-02 11:34:24 +00:00
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.BR fstab (5).
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2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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Since kernel version 2.6.15, this file is pollable:
|
2006-01-04 10:52:41 +00:00
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after opening the file for reading, a change in this file
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(i.e., a file system mount or unmount) causes
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.BR select (2)
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to mark the file descriptor as readable, and
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.BR poll (2)
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and
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.BR epoll_wait (2)
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mark the file as having an error condition.
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.TP
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.I /proc/modules
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A text list of the modules that have been loaded by the system.
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See also
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.BR lsmod (8).
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.TP
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.I /proc/mtrr
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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Memory Type Range Registers.
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See
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.I /usr/src/linux/Documentation/mtrr.txt
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for details.
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.TP
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.I /proc/net
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various net pseudo-files, all of which give the status of some part of
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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the networking layer.
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These files contain ASCII structures and are,
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therefore, readable with cat.
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However, the standard
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.BR netstat (8)
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suite provides much cleaner access to these files.
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.TP
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.I /proc/net/arp
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This holds an ASCII readable dump of the kernel ARP table used for
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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address resolutions.
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It will show both dynamically learned and
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pre-programmed ARP entries.
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The format is:
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.nf
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.ft CW
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.in 8n
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IP address HW type Flags HW address Mask Device
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192.168.0.50 0x1 0x2 00:50:BF:25:68:F3 * eth0
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192.168.0.250 0x1 0xc 00:00:00:00:00:00 * eth0
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.ft
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.fi
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.in
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Here 'IP address' is the IPv4 address of the machine and the 'HW type'
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2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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is the hardware type of the address from RFC\ 826.
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The flags are the internal
|
2007-10-03 19:48:21 +00:00
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flags of the ARP structure (as defined in
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.IR /usr/include/linux/if_arp.h )
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and
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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the 'HW address' is the data link layer mapping for that IP address if
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it is known.
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.TP
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.I /proc/net/dev
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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The dev pseudo-file contains network device status information.
|
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This gives
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the number of received and sent packets, the number of errors and
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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collisions
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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and other basic statistics.
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These are used by the
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.BR ifconfig (8)
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
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program to report device status.
|
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|
The format is:
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
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.nf
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.ft CW
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.in 1n
|
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|
Inter-| Receive | Transmit
|
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|
face |bytes packets errs drop fifo frame compressed multicast|bytes packets errs drop fifo colls carrier compressed
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|
lo: 2776770 11307 0 0 0 0 0 0 2776770 11307 0 0 0 0 0 0
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eth0: 1215645 2751 0 0 0 0 0 0 1782404 4324 0 0 0 427 0 0
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ppp0: 1622270 5552 1 0 0 0 0 0 354130 5669 0 0 0 0 0 0
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tap0: 7714 81 0 0 0 0 0 0 7714 81 0 0 0 0 0 0
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|
.in
|
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|
.ft
|
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|
.fi
|
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|
.\" .TP
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.\" .I /proc/net/ipx
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.\" No information.
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|
.\" .TP
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.\" .I /proc/net/ipx_route
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.\" No information.
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|
.TP
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|
.I /proc/net/dev_mcast
|
|
|
|
Defined in
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|
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|
.IR /usr/src/linux/net/core/dev_mcast.c :
|
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|
.nf
|
|
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|
.in +5
|
2005-06-24 14:17:21 +00:00
|
|
|
indx interface_name dmi_u dmi_g dmi_address
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
2 eth0 1 0 01005e000001
|
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3 eth1 1 0 01005e000001
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4 eth2 1 0 01005e000001
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|
.in
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.fi
|
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.TP
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.I /proc/net/igmp
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
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Internet Group Management Protocol.
|
|
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|
Defined in
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.IR /usr/src/linux/net/core/igmp.c .
|
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.TP
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|
.I /proc/net/rarp
|
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|
This file uses the same format as the
|
|
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|
.I arp
|
|
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|
file and contains the current reverse mapping database used to provide
|
|
|
|
.BR rarp (8)
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
reverse address lookup services.
|
|
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|
If RARP is not configured into the
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
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kernel,
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this file will not be present.
|
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|
.TP
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|
.I /proc/net/raw
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
Holds a dump of the RAW socket table.
|
|
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|
Much of the information is not of
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
use
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
apart from debugging.
|
|
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|
The 'sl' value is the kernel hash slot for the
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
socket,
|
2007-10-16 19:18:17 +00:00
|
|
|
the 'local_address' is the local address and protocol number pair. "St" is
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
the internal status of the socket.
|
|
|
|
The "tx_queue" and "rx_queue" are the
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
outgoing and incoming data queue in terms of kernel memory usage.
|
|
|
|
The "tr", "tm->when", and "rexmits" fields are not used by RAW.
|
2005-07-18 15:51:22 +00:00
|
|
|
The "uid"
|
|
|
|
field holds the effective UID of the creator of the socket.
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.\" .TP
|
|
|
|
.\" .I /proc/net/route
|
|
|
|
.\" No information, but looks similar to
|
|
|
|
.\" .BR route (8).
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.I /proc/net/snmp
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
This file holds the ASCII data needed for the IP, ICMP, TCP, and UDP
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
management
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
information bases for an snmp agent.
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.I /proc/net/tcp
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
Holds a dump of the TCP socket table.
|
|
|
|
Much of the information is not
|
|
|
|
of use apart from debugging.
|
|
|
|
The "sl" value is the kernel hash slot
|
2007-10-16 19:18:17 +00:00
|
|
|
for the socket, the "local_address" is the local address and port number pair.
|
|
|
|
The "rem_address" is the remote address and port number pair
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
(if connected). 'St' is the internal status of the socket.
|
|
|
|
The 'tx_queue' and 'rx_queue' are the
|
|
|
|
outgoing and incoming data queue in terms of kernel memory usage.
|
|
|
|
The "tr", "tm->when", and "rexmits" fields hold internal information of
|
2005-07-18 15:51:22 +00:00
|
|
|
the kernel socket state and are only useful for debugging.
|
|
|
|
The "uid"
|
|
|
|
field holds the effective UID of the creator of the socket.
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.I /proc/net/udp
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
Holds a dump of the UDP socket table.
|
|
|
|
Much of the information is not of
|
|
|
|
use apart from debugging.
|
|
|
|
The "sl" value is the kernel hash slot for the
|
2007-10-16 19:18:17 +00:00
|
|
|
socket, the "local_address" is the local address and port number pair.
|
|
|
|
The "rem_address" is the remote address and port number pair
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
(if connected). "St" is the internal status of the socket.
|
|
|
|
The "tx_queue" and "rx_queue" are the outgoing and incoming data queue
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
in terms of kernel memory usage.
|
|
|
|
The "tr", "tm->when", and "rexmits" fields
|
|
|
|
are not used by UDP.
|
2005-07-18 15:51:22 +00:00
|
|
|
The "uid"
|
|
|
|
field holds the effective UID of the creator of the socket.
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
The format is:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.nf
|
|
|
|
.ft CW
|
|
|
|
.in 1n
|
|
|
|
sl local_address rem_address st tx_queue rx_queue tr rexmits tm->when uid
|
|
|
|
1: 01642C89:0201 0C642C89:03FF 01 00000000:00000001 01:000071BA 00000000 0
|
|
|
|
1: 00000000:0801 00000000:0000 0A 00000000:00000000 00:00000000 6F000100 0
|
|
|
|
1: 00000000:0201 00000000:0000 0A 00000000:00000000 00:00000000 00000000 0
|
|
|
|
.in
|
|
|
|
.ft
|
|
|
|
.fi
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.I /proc/net/unix
|
|
|
|
Lists the UNIX domain sockets present within the system and their
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
status.
|
|
|
|
The format is:
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.nf
|
|
|
|
.sp .5
|
|
|
|
.ft CW
|
|
|
|
Num RefCount Protocol Flags Type St Path
|
|
|
|
0: 00000002 00000000 00000000 0001 03
|
|
|
|
1: 00000001 00000000 00010000 0001 01 /dev/printer
|
|
|
|
.ft
|
|
|
|
.sp .5
|
|
|
|
.fi
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Here 'Num' is the kernel table slot number, 'RefCount' is the number
|
|
|
|
of users of the socket, 'Protocol' is currently always 0, 'Flags'
|
|
|
|
represent the internal kernel flags holding the status of the
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
socket.
|
|
|
|
Currently, type is always '1' (Unix domain datagram sockets are
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
not yet supported in the kernel). 'St' is the internal state of the
|
|
|
|
socket and Path is the bound path (if any) of the socket.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.I /proc/partitions
|
|
|
|
Contains major and minor numbers of each partition as well as number
|
|
|
|
of blocks and partition name.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.I /proc/pci
|
|
|
|
This is a listing of all PCI devices found during kernel initialization
|
|
|
|
and their configuration.
|
2007-10-03 20:16:58 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
This file has been deprecated in favor of a new /proc
|
|
|
|
interface for PCI
|
|
|
|
.RI ( /proc/bus/pci ).
|
|
|
|
It became optional in Linux 2.2 (available with
|
|
|
|
.B CONFIG_PCI_OLD_PROC
|
|
|
|
set at kernel compilation).
|
|
|
|
It became once more non-optionally enabled in Linux 2.4.
|
|
|
|
Next, it was deprecated in Linux 2.6 (still available with
|
|
|
|
.B CONFIG_PCI_LEGACY_PROC
|
|
|
|
set), and finally removed altogether since Linux 2.6.17.
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.I /proc/scsi
|
2007-10-03 20:16:58 +00:00
|
|
|
A directory with the scsi mid-level pseudo-file and various SCSI low-level
|
|
|
|
driver directories,
|
|
|
|
which contain a file for each SCSI host in this system, all of
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
which give the status of some part of the SCSI IO subsystem.
|
|
|
|
These files contain ASCII structures and are, therefore, readable with
|
2007-10-03 20:16:58 +00:00
|
|
|
.BR cat (1).
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
You can also write to some of the files to reconfigure the subsystem or
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
switch
|
|
|
|
certain features on or off.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.I /proc/scsi/scsi
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
This is a listing of all SCSI devices known to the kernel.
|
|
|
|
The listing is
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
similar to the one seen during bootup.
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
scsi currently supports only the \fIadd-single-device\fP command which
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
allows
|
|
|
|
root to add a hotplugged device to the list of known devices.
|
|
|
|
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
An
|
|
|
|
.B echo 'scsi add-single-device 1 0 5 0' > /proc/scsi/scsi
|
|
|
|
will cause
|
|
|
|
host scsi1 to scan on SCSI channel 0 for a device on ID 5 LUN 0.
|
|
|
|
If there
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
is already a device known on this address or the address is invalid, an
|
|
|
|
error will be returned.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.I /proc/scsi/[drivername]
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
\fI[drivername]\fP can currently be NCR53c7xx, aha152x, aha1542, aha1740,
|
|
|
|
aic7xxx, buslogic, eata_dma, eata_pio, fdomain, in2000, pas16, qlogic,
|
|
|
|
scsi_debug, seagate, t128, u15-24f, ultrastore, or wd7000.
|
|
|
|
These directories show up for all drivers that registered at least one
|
|
|
|
SCSI
|
|
|
|
HBA.
|
|
|
|
Every directory contains one file per registered host.
|
|
|
|
Every
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
host-file is named after the number the host was assigned during
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
initialization.
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
Reading these files will usually show driver and host configuration,
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
statistics etc.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Writing to these files allows different things on different hosts.
|
|
|
|
For example, with the \fIlatency\fP and \fInolatency\fP commands,
|
|
|
|
root can switch on and off command latency measurement code in the
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
eata_dma driver.
|
|
|
|
With the \fIlockup\fP and \fIunlock\fP commands,
|
|
|
|
root can control bus lockups simulated by the scsi_debug driver.
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.I /proc/self
|
|
|
|
This directory refers to the process accessing the /proc filesystem,
|
|
|
|
and is identical to the /proc directory named by the process ID of the
|
|
|
|
same process.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.I /proc/slabinfo
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
Information about kernel caches.
|
2007-11-23 18:45:54 +00:00
|
|
|
Since Linux 2.6.16 this file is only present if the
|
|
|
|
.B CONFIG_SLAB
|
|
|
|
kernel configuration option is enabled.
|
2007-09-27 18:27:13 +00:00
|
|
|
The columns in
|
2007-11-15 03:28:33 +00:00
|
|
|
.I /proc/slabinfo
|
2007-09-27 18:27:13 +00:00
|
|
|
are:
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.nf
|
|
|
|
cache-name
|
|
|
|
num-active-objs
|
|
|
|
total-objs
|
|
|
|
object-size
|
|
|
|
num-active-slabs
|
|
|
|
total-slabs
|
|
|
|
num-pages-per-slab
|
|
|
|
.fi
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
See
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.BR slabinfo (5)
|
|
|
|
for details.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.I /proc/stat
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
kernel/system statistics.
|
|
|
|
Varies with architecture.
|
|
|
|
Common
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
entries include:
|
|
|
|
.RS
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
\fIcpu 3357 0 4313 1362393\fP
|
2005-06-28 14:19:06 +00:00
|
|
|
The amount of time, measured in units of
|
2006-01-18 08:15:39 +00:00
|
|
|
USER_HZ (1/100ths of a second on most architectures),
|
2005-06-28 14:19:06 +00:00
|
|
|
that the system spent in user mode,
|
|
|
|
user mode with low priority (nice), system mode, and the
|
|
|
|
idle task, respectively.
|
2007-10-15 17:52:31 +00:00
|
|
|
.\" FIXME Actually, the following info about the /proc/stat 'cpu' field
|
2006-03-20 04:46:28 +00:00
|
|
|
.\" does not seem to be quite right (at least in 2.6.12)
|
2005-06-28 14:19:06 +00:00
|
|
|
The last value should be USER_HZ times the
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
second entry in the uptime pseudo-file.
|
2005-06-28 14:19:06 +00:00
|
|
|
.sp
|
|
|
|
In Linux 2.6 this line includes three additional columns:
|
|
|
|
.I iowait
|
|
|
|
\- time waiting for I/O to complete (since 2.5.41);
|
|
|
|
.I irq
|
|
|
|
\- time servicing interrupts (since 2.6.0-test4);
|
|
|
|
.I softirq
|
|
|
|
\- time servicing softirqs (since 2.6.0-test4).
|
2007-08-27 15:07:17 +00:00
|
|
|
.sp
|
|
|
|
Since Linux 2.6.11, there is an eighth column,
|
|
|
|
.I steal
|
|
|
|
\- stolen time, which is the time spent in other operating systems when
|
|
|
|
running in a virtualized environment
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
\fIpage 5741 1808\fP
|
|
|
|
The number of pages the system paged in and the number that were paged
|
|
|
|
out (from disk).
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
\fIswap 1 0\fP
|
|
|
|
The number of swap pages that have been brought in and out.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
.\" FIXME The following is not the full picture for the 'intr' of
|
2006-03-20 04:46:28 +00:00
|
|
|
.\" /proc/stat on 2.6:
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
\fIintr 1462898\fP
|
2005-06-28 14:19:06 +00:00
|
|
|
This line shows counts of interrupts serviced since boot time,
|
|
|
|
for each of the possible system interrupts.
|
|
|
|
The first column is the total of all interrupts serviced;
|
|
|
|
each subsequent column is the total for a particular interrupt.
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
\fIdisk_io: (2,0):(31,30,5764,1,2) (3,0):\fP...
|
|
|
|
(major,minor):(noinfo, read_io_ops, blks_read, write_io_ops, blks_written)
|
2005-06-28 14:19:06 +00:00
|
|
|
.br
|
|
|
|
(Linux 2.4 only)
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
\fIctxt 115315\fP
|
|
|
|
The number of context switches that the system underwent.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
\fIbtime 769041601\fP
|
|
|
|
boot time, in seconds since the epoch (January 1, 1970).
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
\fIprocesses 86031\fP
|
|
|
|
Number of forks since boot.
|
2005-06-28 14:19:06 +00:00
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
\fIprocs_running 6\fP
|
|
|
|
Number of processes in runnable state.
|
|
|
|
(Linux 2.5.45 onwards.)
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
\fIprocs_blocked 2\fP
|
|
|
|
Number of processes blocked waiting for I/O to complete.
|
|
|
|
(Linux 2.5.45 onwards.)
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.RE
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.I /proc/swaps
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
Swap areas in use.
|
|
|
|
See also
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.BR swapon (8).
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.I /proc/sys
|
|
|
|
This directory (present since 1.3.57) contains a number of files
|
|
|
|
and subdirectories corresponding to kernel variables.
|
|
|
|
These variables can be read and sometimes modified using
|
|
|
|
the \fIproc\fP file system, and the
|
|
|
|
.BR sysctl (2)
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
system call.
|
|
|
|
Presently, there are subdirectories
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.IR abi ", " debug ", " dev ", " fs ", " kernel ", " net ", " proc ", "
|
|
|
|
.IR rxrpc ", " sunrpc " and " vm
|
|
|
|
that each contain more files and subdirectories.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
2007-11-19 02:34:52 +00:00
|
|
|
.IR /proc/sys/abi " (since Linux 2.4.10)"
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
This directory may contain files with application binary information.
|
2007-11-19 02:34:52 +00:00
|
|
|
.\" On some systems, it is not present.
|
|
|
|
See the kernel source file
|
|
|
|
.I Documentation/sysctl/abi.txt
|
|
|
|
for more information.
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.I /proc/sys/debug
|
|
|
|
This directory may be empty.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.I /proc/sys/dev
|
2007-10-03 19:48:21 +00:00
|
|
|
This directory contains device specific information (e.g.,
|
|
|
|
.IR dev/cdrom/info ).
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
On
|
|
|
|
some systems, it may be empty.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.I /proc/sys/fs
|
2005-07-13 08:15:47 +00:00
|
|
|
This contains the subdirectories
|
2006-01-18 08:15:39 +00:00
|
|
|
.IR binfmt_misc ", " inotify ", and " mqueue ,
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
and files
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
.IR dentry-state ", " dir-notify-enable ", " dquot-nr ", " file-max ", "
|
|
|
|
.IR file-nr ", " inode-max ", " inode-nr ", " inode-state ", "
|
|
|
|
.IR lease-break-time ", " leases-enable ", "
|
2005-09-16 13:06:22 +00:00
|
|
|
.IR overflowgid ", " overflowuid ", "
|
|
|
|
.IR suid_dumpable ", "
|
|
|
|
.IR super-max ", and " super-nr .
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.I /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
Documentation for files in this directory can be found
|
2006-01-18 08:15:39 +00:00
|
|
|
in the kernel sources in
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.IR Documentation/binfmt_misc.txt .
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.I /proc/sys/fs/dentry-state
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
This file contains six numbers,
|
|
|
|
.IR nr_dentry ", " nr_unused ", " age_limit " (age in seconds), "
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
want_pages
|
|
|
|
(pages requested by system) and two dummy values.
|
|
|
|
nr_dentry seems to be 0 all the time.
|
|
|
|
nr_unused seems to be the number of unused dentries.
|
|
|
|
age_limit is the age in seconds after which dcache entries
|
|
|
|
can be reclaimed when memory is short and want_pages is
|
2005-06-15 13:32:34 +00:00
|
|
|
non-zero when the kernel has called shrink_dcache_pages() and the
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
dcache isn't pruned yet.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.I /proc/sys/fs/dir-notify-enable
|
|
|
|
This file can be used to disable or enable the
|
|
|
|
.I dnotify
|
|
|
|
interface described in
|
|
|
|
.BR fcntl (2)
|
|
|
|
on a system-wide basis.
|
|
|
|
A value of 0 in this file disables the interface,
|
|
|
|
and a value of 1 enables it.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.I /proc/sys/fs/dquot-max
|
|
|
|
This file shows the maximum number of cached disk quota entries.
|
|
|
|
On some (2.4) systems, it is not present.
|
|
|
|
If the number of free cached disk quota entries is very low and
|
|
|
|
you have some awesome number of simultaneous system users,
|
|
|
|
you might want to raise the limit.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.I /proc/sys/fs/dquot-nr
|
|
|
|
This file shows the number of allocated disk quota
|
|
|
|
entries and the number of free disk quota entries.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.I /proc/sys/fs/file-max
|
|
|
|
This file defines
|
|
|
|
a system-wide limit on the number of open files for all processes.
|
|
|
|
(See also
|
|
|
|
.BR setrlimit (2),
|
|
|
|
which can be used by a process to set the per-process limit,
|
|
|
|
.BR RLIMIT_NOFILE ,
|
|
|
|
on the number of files it may open.)
|
|
|
|
If you get lots
|
|
|
|
of error messages about running out of file handles,
|
|
|
|
try increasing this value:
|
|
|
|
.br
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.br
|
|
|
|
.nf
|
|
|
|
.ft CW
|
|
|
|
echo 100000 > /proc/sys/fs/file-max
|
|
|
|
.fi
|
|
|
|
.ft
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The kernel constant
|
2007-06-20 22:20:03 +00:00
|
|
|
.B NR_OPEN
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
imposes an upper limit on the value that may be placed in
|
|
|
|
.IR file-max .
|
|
|
|
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
If you increase
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.IR /proc/sys/fs/file-max ","
|
|
|
|
be sure to increase
|
|
|
|
.I /proc/sys/fs/inode-max
|
|
|
|
to 3-4 times the new
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
value of
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.IR /proc/sys/fs/file-max ","
|
|
|
|
or you will run out of inodes.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.I /proc/sys/fs/file-nr
|
|
|
|
This (read-only) file
|
|
|
|
gives the number of files presently opened.
|
|
|
|
It contains three numbers: The number of allocated
|
|
|
|
file handles, the number of free file handles and the maximum
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
number of file handles.
|
|
|
|
The kernel allocates file handles dynamically, but it
|
|
|
|
doesn't free them again.
|
|
|
|
If the number of allocated files is close to the
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
maximum, you should consider increasing the maximum.
|
|
|
|
When the number of free file handles is
|
|
|
|
large, you've encountered a peak in your usage of file
|
|
|
|
handles and you probably don't need to increase the maximum.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
.I /proc/sys/fs/inode-max
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
This file contains the maximum number of in-memory inodes.
|
|
|
|
On some (2.4) systems, it may not be
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
present.
|
|
|
|
This value should be 3-4 times larger
|
2007-06-17 14:12:43 +00:00
|
|
|
than the value in file-max, since \fIstdin\fP, \fIstdout\fP
|
|
|
|
and network sockets also
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
need an inode to handle them.
|
|
|
|
When you regularly run
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
out of inodes, you need to increase this value.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.I /proc/sys/fs/inode-nr
|
|
|
|
This file contains the first two values from inode-state.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.I /proc/sys/fs/inode-state
|
|
|
|
This file
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
contains seven numbers: nr_inodes, nr_free_inodes, preshrink and four
|
|
|
|
dummy values.
|
|
|
|
nr_inodes is the number of inodes the system has allocated.
|
|
|
|
This can be slightly more than inode-max because
|
2006-01-18 08:18:46 +00:00
|
|
|
Linux allocates them one page full at a time.
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
nr_free_inodes represents the number of free inodes.
|
2005-06-15 13:32:34 +00:00
|
|
|
preshrink is non-zero when the nr_inodes > inode-max and the
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
system needs to prune the inode list instead of allocating
|
|
|
|
more.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
2006-01-18 08:15:39 +00:00
|
|
|
.IR /proc/sys/fs/inotify " (since Linux 2.6.13)"
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
This directory contains files
|
2006-01-18 08:15:39 +00:00
|
|
|
.IR max_queued_events ", " max_user_instances ", and " max_user_watches ,
|
|
|
|
that can be used to limit the amount of kernel memory consumed by the
|
|
|
|
.I inotify
|
|
|
|
interface.
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
For further details, see
|
2006-02-06 22:42:33 +00:00
|
|
|
.BR inotify (7).
|
2006-01-18 08:15:39 +00:00
|
|
|
.TP
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.I /proc/sys/fs/lease-break-time
|
|
|
|
This file
|
|
|
|
specifies the grace period that the kernel grants to a process
|
|
|
|
holding a file lease
|
|
|
|
.RB ( fcntl (2))
|
|
|
|
after it has sent a signal to that process notifying it
|
|
|
|
that another process is waiting to open the file.
|
|
|
|
If the lease holder does not remove or downgrade the lease within
|
|
|
|
this grace period, the kernel forcibly breaks the lease.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.I /proc/sys/fs/leases-enable
|
|
|
|
This file can be used to enable or disable file leases
|
|
|
|
.RB ( fcntl (2))
|
|
|
|
on a system-wide basis.
|
|
|
|
If this file contains the value 0, leases are disabled.
|
|
|
|
A non-zero value enables leases.
|
2005-07-13 08:15:47 +00:00
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.IR /proc/sys/fs/mqueue " (since Linux 2.6.6)"
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
This directory contains files
|
2005-07-13 08:15:47 +00:00
|
|
|
.IR msg_max ", " msgsize_max ", and " queues_max ,
|
|
|
|
controlling the resources used by POSIX message queues.
|
2006-03-01 03:26:46 +00:00
|
|
|
See
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
.BR mq_overview (7)
|
2006-03-01 03:26:46 +00:00
|
|
|
for details.
|
2005-07-13 08:15:47 +00:00
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.IR /proc/sys/fs/overflowgid " and " /proc/sys/fs/overflowuid
|
|
|
|
These files
|
|
|
|
allow you to change the value of the fixed UID and GID.
|
|
|
|
The default is 65534.
|
|
|
|
Some filesystems only support 16-bit UIDs and GIDs, although in Linux
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
UIDs and GIDs are 32 bits.
|
|
|
|
When one of these filesystems is mounted
|
2005-07-13 08:15:47 +00:00
|
|
|
with writes enabled, any UID or GID that would exceed 65535 is translated
|
|
|
|
to the overflow value before being written to disk.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
2005-09-16 13:06:22 +00:00
|
|
|
.IR /proc/sys/fs/suid_dumpable " (since Linux 2.6.13)"
|
|
|
|
.\" The following is based on text from Documentation/sysctl/kernel.txt
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
The value in this file determines whether core dump files are
|
2005-09-16 15:36:33 +00:00
|
|
|
produced for set-user-ID or otherwise protected/tainted binaries.
|
|
|
|
Three different integer values can be specified:
|
2005-09-16 13:06:22 +00:00
|
|
|
.sp
|
|
|
|
\fI0\ (default)\fP
|
2007-06-08 09:56:56 +00:00
|
|
|
This provides the traditional (pre-Linux 2.6.13) behavior.
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
A core dump will not be produced for a process which has
|
2005-09-16 15:36:33 +00:00
|
|
|
changed credentials (by calling
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
.BR seteuid (2),
|
|
|
|
.BR setgid (2),
|
|
|
|
or similar, or by executing a set-user-ID or set-group-ID program)
|
2005-09-16 15:36:33 +00:00
|
|
|
or whose binary does not have read permission enabled.
|
2005-09-16 13:06:22 +00:00
|
|
|
.sp
|
2005-09-16 15:36:33 +00:00
|
|
|
\fI1\ ("debug")\fP
|
2005-09-16 13:06:22 +00:00
|
|
|
All processes dump core when possible.
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
The core dump is owned by the file system user ID of the dumping process
|
2005-09-16 15:36:33 +00:00
|
|
|
and no security is applied.
|
2005-09-16 13:06:22 +00:00
|
|
|
This is intended for system debugging situations only.
|
|
|
|
Ptrace is unchecked.
|
|
|
|
.sp
|
2005-09-16 15:36:33 +00:00
|
|
|
\fI2\ ("suidsafe")\fP
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
Any binary which normally would not be dumped (see "0" above)
|
|
|
|
is dumped readable by root only.
|
2005-09-16 15:36:33 +00:00
|
|
|
This allows the user to remove the core dump file but not to read it.
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
For security reasons core dumps in this mode will not overwrite one
|
2005-09-16 13:06:22 +00:00
|
|
|
another or other files.
|
2006-01-18 08:15:39 +00:00
|
|
|
This mode is appropriate when administrators are
|
2005-09-16 13:06:22 +00:00
|
|
|
attempting to debug problems in a normal environment.
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.TP
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
.I /proc/sys/fs/super-max
|
|
|
|
This file
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
controls the maximum number of superblocks, and
|
|
|
|
thus the maximum number of mounted filesystems the kernel
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
can have.
|
|
|
|
You only need to increase super-max if you need to
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
mount more filesystems than the current value in super-max
|
|
|
|
allows you to.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.I /proc/sys/fs/super-nr
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
This file
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
contains the number of filesystems currently mounted.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.I /proc/sys/kernel
|
|
|
|
This directory contains files
|
|
|
|
.IR acct ", " cad_pid ", " cap-bound ", "
|
|
|
|
.IR core_pattern ", " core_uses_pid ", "
|
|
|
|
.IR ctrl-alt-del ", " dentry-state ", " domainname ", "
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
.IR hotplug ", " hostname ", "
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.IR htab-reclaim " (PowerPC only), "
|
|
|
|
.IR java-appletviewer " (binfmt_java, obsolete), "
|
|
|
|
.IR java-interpreter " (binfmt_java, obsolete), " l2cr " (PowerPC only), "
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
.IR modprobe ", " msgmax ", " msgmnb ", "
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.IR msgmni ", " osrelease ", " ostype ", " overflowgid ", " overflowuid ,
|
|
|
|
.IR panic ", " panic_on_oops ", " pid_max ", "
|
|
|
|
.IR powersave-nap " (PowerPC only), " printk ", " pty ", " random ", "
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
.IR real-root-dev ", " reboot-cmd " (SPARC only), " rtsig-max ", "
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.IR rtsig-nr ", " sem ", " sg-big-buff ", "
|
|
|
|
.IR shmall ", " shmmax ", " shmmni ", " sysrq ", " tainted ", " threads-max ,
|
2005-09-16 13:06:22 +00:00
|
|
|
.IR version ", and " zero-paged " (PowerPC only)."
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.I /proc/sys/kernel/acct
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
This file
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
contains three numbers: highwater, lowwater and frequency.
|
|
|
|
If BSD-style process accounting is enabled these values control
|
2007-06-08 09:56:56 +00:00
|
|
|
its behavior.
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
If free space on filesystem where the log lives
|
|
|
|
goes below lowwater percent accounting suspends.
|
|
|
|
If free space gets
|
|
|
|
above highwater percent accounting resumes.
|
|
|
|
Frequency determines
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
how often the kernel checks the amount of free space (value is in
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
seconds).
|
|
|
|
Default values are 4, 2 and 30.
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
That is, suspend accounting if <= 2% of space is free; resume it
|
|
|
|
if >= 4% of space is free; consider information about amount of free space
|
|
|
|
valid for 30 seconds.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.I /proc/sys/kernel/cap-bound
|
|
|
|
This file holds the value of the kernel
|
2007-09-20 16:26:31 +00:00
|
|
|
.I "capability bounding set"
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
(expressed as a signed decimal number).
|
|
|
|
This set is ANDed against the capabilities permitted to a process
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
during
|
2007-05-11 23:20:22 +00:00
|
|
|
.BR execve (2).
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.I /proc/sys/kernel/core_pattern
|
2006-03-31 07:06:02 +00:00
|
|
|
See
|
|
|
|
.BR core (5).
|
2007-10-04 06:42:15 +00:00
|
|
|
.TP
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.I /proc/sys/kernel/core_uses_pid
|
2006-03-31 07:06:02 +00:00
|
|
|
See
|
|
|
|
.BR core (5).
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.I /proc/sys/kernel/ctrl-alt-del
|
|
|
|
This file
|
|
|
|
controls the handling of Ctrl-Alt-Del from the keyboard.
|
|
|
|
When the value in this file is 0, Ctrl-Alt-Del is trapped and
|
|
|
|
sent to the
|
2007-10-14 18:33:54 +00:00
|
|
|
.BR init (8)
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
program to handle a graceful restart.
|
|
|
|
When the value is > 0, Linux's reaction to a Vulcan
|
|
|
|
Nerve Pinch (tm) will be an immediate reboot, without even
|
|
|
|
syncing its dirty buffers.
|
|
|
|
Note: when a program (like dosemu) has the keyboard in 'raw'
|
|
|
|
mode, the ctrl-alt-del is intercepted by the program before it
|
|
|
|
ever reaches the kernel tty layer, and it's up to the program
|
|
|
|
to decide what to do with it.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.I /proc/sys/kernel/hotplug
|
|
|
|
This file
|
|
|
|
contains the path for the hotplug policy agent.
|
2007-11-19 00:53:13 +00:00
|
|
|
The default value in this file is
|
2007-10-03 19:48:21 +00:00
|
|
|
.IR /sbin/hotplug .
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.IR /proc/sys/kernel/domainname " and " /proc/sys/kernel/hostname
|
|
|
|
can be used to set the NIS/YP domainname and the
|
|
|
|
hostname of your box in exactly the same way as the commands
|
2007-06-08 12:25:56 +00:00
|
|
|
.BR domainname (1)
|
|
|
|
and
|
2007-08-27 10:11:23 +00:00
|
|
|
.BR hostname (1),
|
|
|
|
that is:
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.br
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.br
|
|
|
|
# echo "darkstar" > /proc/sys/kernel/hostname
|
|
|
|
.br
|
|
|
|
# echo "mydomain" > /proc/sys/kernel/domainname
|
|
|
|
.br
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.br
|
|
|
|
has the same effect as
|
|
|
|
.br
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.br
|
|
|
|
# hostname "darkstar"
|
|
|
|
.br
|
|
|
|
# domainname "mydomain"
|
|
|
|
.br
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.br
|
|
|
|
Note, however, that the classic darkstar.frop.org has the
|
|
|
|
hostname "darkstar" and DNS (Internet Domain Name Server)
|
|
|
|
domainname "frop.org", not to be confused with the NIS (Network
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
Information Service) or YP (Yellow Pages) domainname.
|
|
|
|
These two
|
|
|
|
domain names are in general different.
|
|
|
|
For a detailed discussion
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
see the
|
|
|
|
.BR hostname (1)
|
|
|
|
man page.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.I /proc/sys/kernel/htab-reclaim
|
|
|
|
(PowerPC only) If this file is set to a non-zero value,
|
|
|
|
the PowerPC htab
|
2007-10-03 19:48:21 +00:00
|
|
|
(see kernel file
|
|
|
|
.IR Documentation/powerpc/ppc_htab.txt )
|
|
|
|
is pruned
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
each time the system hits the idle loop.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.I /proc/sys/kernel/l2cr
|
|
|
|
(PowerPC only) This file
|
|
|
|
contains a flag that controls the L2 cache of G3 processor
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
boards.
|
|
|
|
If 0, the cache is disabled.
|
|
|
|
Enabled if non-zero.
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.I /proc/sys/kernel/modprobe
|
2007-11-19 02:34:52 +00:00
|
|
|
This file contains the path for the kernel module loader.
|
|
|
|
The default value is
|
|
|
|
.IR /sbin/modprobe .
|
|
|
|
The file is only present if the kernel is built with the
|
2007-11-23 18:45:54 +00:00
|
|
|
.B CONFIG_KMOD
|
|
|
|
option enabled.
|
2007-11-19 02:34:52 +00:00
|
|
|
It is described by the kernel source file
|
|
|
|
.I Documentation/kmod.txt
|
|
|
|
(only present in kernel 2.4 and earlier).
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.I /proc/sys/kernel/msgmax
|
|
|
|
This file defines
|
|
|
|
a system-wide limit specifying the maximum number of bytes in
|
|
|
|
a single message written on a System V message queue.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.I /proc/sys/kernel/msgmni
|
|
|
|
This file defines the system-wide limit on the number of
|
|
|
|
message queue identifiers.
|
|
|
|
(This file is only present in Linux 2.4 onwards.)
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.I /proc/sys/kernel/msgmnb
|
2007-06-08 09:56:56 +00:00
|
|
|
This file defines a system-wide parameter used to initialize the
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.I msg_qbytes
|
2005-05-12 09:01:58 +00:00
|
|
|
setting for subsequently created message queues.
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
The
|
|
|
|
.I msg_qbytes
|
|
|
|
setting specifies the maximum number of bytes that may be written to the
|
|
|
|
message queue.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.IR /proc/sys/kernel/ostype " and " /proc/sys/kernel/osrelease
|
|
|
|
These files
|
|
|
|
give substrings of
|
|
|
|
.IR /proc/version .
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.IR /proc/sys/kernel/overflowgid " and " /proc/sys/kernel/overflowuid
|
|
|
|
These files duplicate the files
|
|
|
|
.I /proc/sys/fs/overflowgid
|
|
|
|
and
|
|
|
|
.IR /proc/sys/fs/overflowuid .
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.I /proc/sys/kernel/panic
|
|
|
|
gives read/write access to the kernel variable
|
|
|
|
.IR panic_timeout .
|
2005-06-15 13:32:34 +00:00
|
|
|
If this is zero, the kernel will loop on a panic; if non-zero
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
it indicates that the kernel should autoreboot after this number
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
of seconds.
|
|
|
|
When you use the
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
software watchdog device driver, the recommended setting is 60.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.I /proc/sys/kernel/panic_on_oops
|
2007-06-08 09:56:56 +00:00
|
|
|
This file (new in Linux 2.5) controls the kernel's behavior when an oops
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
or BUG is encountered.
|
|
|
|
If this file contains 0, then the system
|
|
|
|
tries to continue operation.
|
|
|
|
If it contains 1, then the system
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
delays a few seconds (to give klogd time to record the oops output)
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
and then panics.
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
If the
|
|
|
|
.I /proc/sys/kernel/panic
|
|
|
|
file is also non-zero then the machine will be rebooted.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.I /proc/sys/kernel/pid_max
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
This file
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
(new in Linux 2.5)
|
|
|
|
specifies the value at which PIDs wrap around
|
|
|
|
(i.e., the value in this file is one greater than the maximum PID).
|
|
|
|
The default value for this file, 32768,
|
|
|
|
results in the same range of PIDs as on earlier kernels.
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
On 32-bit platforms, 32768 is the maximum value for
|
2005-11-08 15:21:46 +00:00
|
|
|
.IR pid_max .
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
On 64-bit systems,
|
2005-11-08 15:21:46 +00:00
|
|
|
.I pid_max
|
|
|
|
can be set to any value up to 2^22
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
(PID_MAX_LIMIT, approximately 4 million).
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
.\" Prior to 2.6.10, pid_max could also be raised above 32768 on 32-bit
|
2005-11-08 15:21:46 +00:00
|
|
|
.\" platforms, but this broke /proc/PID
|
|
|
|
.\" See http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=109513010926152&w=2
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.IR /proc/sys/kernel/powersave-nap " (PowerPC only)"
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
This file contains a flag.
|
|
|
|
If set, Linux-PPC will use the 'nap' mode of
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
powersaving,
|
|
|
|
otherwise the 'doze' mode will be used.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.I /proc/sys/kernel/printk
|
|
|
|
The four values in this file
|
|
|
|
are console_loglevel, default_message_loglevel, minimum_console_level and
|
|
|
|
default_console_loglevel.
|
|
|
|
These values influence printk() behavior when printing or
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
logging error messages.
|
|
|
|
See
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.BR syslog (2)
|
|
|
|
for more info on the different loglevels.
|
|
|
|
Messages with a higher priority than
|
|
|
|
console_loglevel will be printed to the console.
|
|
|
|
Messages without an explicit priority
|
|
|
|
will be printed with priority default_message_level.
|
|
|
|
minimum_console_loglevel is the minimum (highest) value to which
|
|
|
|
console_loglevel can be set.
|
|
|
|
default_console_loglevel is the default value for console_loglevel.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.IR /proc/sys/kernel/pty " (since Linux 2.6.4)"
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
This directory
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
contains two files relating to the number of Unix 98
|
|
|
|
pseudo-terminals (see
|
|
|
|
.BR pts (4))
|
|
|
|
on the system.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.I /proc/sys/kernel/pty/max
|
|
|
|
This file defines the maximum number of pseudo-terminals.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.I /proc/sys/kernel/pty/nr
|
|
|
|
This read-only file
|
|
|
|
indicates how many pseudo-terminals are currently in use.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.I /proc/sys/kernel/random
|
|
|
|
This directory
|
|
|
|
contains various parameters controlling the operation of the file
|
|
|
|
.IR /dev/random .
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
See
|
2006-01-13 10:04:01 +00:00
|
|
|
.BR random (4)
|
|
|
|
for further information.
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.I /proc/sys/kernel/real-root-dev
|
|
|
|
This file
|
2007-10-03 19:48:21 +00:00
|
|
|
is documented in the kernel source file
|
|
|
|
.IR Documentation/initrd.txt .
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.IR /proc/sys/kernel/reboot-cmd " (Sparc only) "
|
|
|
|
This file seems to be a way to give an argument to the SPARC
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
ROM/Flash boot loader.
|
|
|
|
Maybe to tell it what to do after
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
rebooting?
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.I /proc/sys/kernel/rtsig-max
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
(Only in kernels up to and including 2.6.7; see
|
2004-12-01 15:25:42 +00:00
|
|
|
.BR setrlimit (2))
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
This file can be used to tune the maximum number
|
|
|
|
of POSIX realtime (queued) signals that can be outstanding
|
|
|
|
in the system.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.I /proc/sys/kernel/rtsig-nr
|
2004-12-01 15:25:42 +00:00
|
|
|
(Only in kernels up to and including 2.6.7.)
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
This file shows the number POSIX realtime signals currently queued.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.IR /proc/sys/kernel/sem " (since Linux 2.4)"
|
|
|
|
This file contains 4 numbers defining limits for System V IPC semaphores.
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
These fields are, in order:
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.RS
|
|
|
|
.IP SEMMSL 8
|
|
|
|
The maximum semaphores per semaphore set.
|
|
|
|
.IP SEMMNS 8
|
|
|
|
A system-wide limit on the number of semaphores in all semaphore sets.
|
|
|
|
.IP SEMOPM 8
|
|
|
|
The maximum number of operations that may be specified in a
|
|
|
|
.BR semop (2)
|
|
|
|
call.
|
|
|
|
.IP SEMMNI 8
|
|
|
|
A system-wide limit on the maximum number of semaphore identifiers.
|
|
|
|
.RE
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.I /proc/sys/kernel/sg-big-buff
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
This file
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
shows the size of the generic SCSI device (sg) buffer.
|
2007-12-09 08:05:43 +00:00
|
|
|
You can't tune it just yet, but you could change it at
|
2007-10-03 19:48:21 +00:00
|
|
|
compile time by editing
|
|
|
|
.I include/scsi/sg.h
|
|
|
|
and changing
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
the value of SG_BIG_BUFF.
|
|
|
|
However, there shouldn't be any reason to change this value.
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.I /proc/sys/kernel/shmall
|
|
|
|
This file
|
|
|
|
contains the system-wide limit on the total number of pages of
|
|
|
|
System V shared memory.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.I /proc/sys/kernel/shmmax
|
|
|
|
This file
|
|
|
|
can be used to query and set the run time limit
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
on the maximum (System V IPC) shared memory segment size that can be
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
created.
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
Shared memory segments up to 1Gb are now supported in the
|
|
|
|
kernel.
|
|
|
|
This value defaults to SHMMAX.
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.I /proc/sys/kernel/shmmni
|
|
|
|
(available in Linux 2.4 and onwards)
|
|
|
|
This file
|
|
|
|
specifies the system-wide maximum number of System V shared memory
|
|
|
|
segments that can be created.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.I /proc/sys/kernel/version
|
|
|
|
contains a string like:
|
|
|
|
|
2007-12-10 14:33:38 +00:00
|
|
|
#5 Wed Feb 25 21:49:24 MET 1998
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The '#5' means that
|
|
|
|
this is the fifth kernel built from this source base and the
|
|
|
|
date behind it indicates the time the kernel was built.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.IR /proc/sys/kernel/zero-paged " (PowerPC only) "
|
|
|
|
This file
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
contains a flag.
|
|
|
|
When enabled (non-zero), Linux-PPC will pre-zero pages in
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
the idle loop, possibly speeding up get_free_pages.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.I /proc/sys/net
|
|
|
|
This directory contains networking stuff.
|
2005-06-15 12:07:30 +00:00
|
|
|
Explanations for some of the files under this directory can be found in
|
|
|
|
.BR tcp (7)
|
|
|
|
and
|
|
|
|
.BR ip (7).
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.TP
|
2007-06-06 19:13:18 +00:00
|
|
|
.I /proc/sys/net/core/somaxconn
|
|
|
|
This file defines a ceiling value for the
|
|
|
|
.I backlog
|
|
|
|
argument of
|
|
|
|
.BR listen (2);
|
|
|
|
see the
|
|
|
|
.BR listen (2)
|
|
|
|
manual page for details.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.I /proc/sys/proc
|
|
|
|
This directory may be empty.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.I /proc/sys/sunrpc
|
|
|
|
This directory supports Sun remote procedure call for network file system
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
(NFS).
|
|
|
|
On some systems, it is not present.
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.I /proc/sys/vm
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
This directory contains files for memory management tuning, buffer and
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
cache
|
|
|
|
management.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
2006-03-22 05:39:02 +00:00
|
|
|
.IR /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches " (since Linux 2.6.16)"
|
|
|
|
Writing to this file causes the kernel to drop clean caches, dentries and
|
|
|
|
inodes from memory, causing that memory to become free.
|
|
|
|
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
To free pagecache, use
|
2006-03-22 05:39:02 +00:00
|
|
|
.IR "echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches" ;
|
|
|
|
to free dentries and inodes, use
|
|
|
|
.IR "echo 2 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches" ;
|
|
|
|
to free pagecache, dentries and inodes, use
|
|
|
|
.IR "echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches" .
|
|
|
|
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
Because this is a non-destructive operation and dirty objects
|
2006-03-22 05:39:02 +00:00
|
|
|
are not freeable, the
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
user should run
|
2006-03-22 05:39:02 +00:00
|
|
|
.BR sync (8)
|
|
|
|
first.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
2005-09-22 14:49:44 +00:00
|
|
|
.IR /proc/sys/vm/legacy_va_layout " (since Linux 2.6.9)"
|
|
|
|
.\" The following is from Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt
|
|
|
|
If non-zero, this disable the new 32-bit memory-mapping layout;
|
|
|
|
the kernel will use the legacy (2.4) layout for all processes.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.I /proc/sys/vm/overcommit_memory
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
This file contains the kernel virtual memory accounting mode.
|
|
|
|
Values are:
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.br
|
|
|
|
0: heuristic overcommit (this is the default)
|
|
|
|
.br
|
|
|
|
1: always overcommit, never check
|
|
|
|
.br
|
|
|
|
2: always check, never overcommit
|
|
|
|
.br
|
|
|
|
In mode 0, calls of
|
|
|
|
.BR mmap (2)
|
2007-06-22 20:40:07 +00:00
|
|
|
with
|
2007-09-20 16:26:31 +00:00
|
|
|
.B MAP_NORESERVE
|
2007-06-22 20:40:07 +00:00
|
|
|
set are not checked, and the default check is very weak,
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
leading to the risk of getting a process "OOM-killed".
|
2005-06-15 13:32:34 +00:00
|
|
|
Under Linux 2.4 any non-zero value implies mode 1.
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
In mode 2 (available since Linux 2.6), the total virtual address space
|
|
|
|
on the system is limited to (SS + RAM*(r/100)),
|
|
|
|
where SS is the size of the swap space, and RAM
|
|
|
|
is the size of the physical memory, and r is the contents of the file
|
|
|
|
.IR /proc/sys/vm/overcommit_ratio .
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.I /proc/sys/vm/overcommit_ratio
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
See the description of
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.IR /proc/sys/vm/overcommit_memory .
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.I /proc/sysvipc
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
Subdirectory containing the pseudo-files
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.IR msg ", " sem " and " shm "."
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
These files list the System V Interprocess Communication (IPC) objects
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
(respectively: message queues, semaphores, and shared memory)
|
|
|
|
that currently exist on the system,
|
|
|
|
providing similar information to that available via
|
|
|
|
.BR ipcs (1).
|
|
|
|
These files have headers and are formatted (one IPC object per line)
|
|
|
|
for easy understanding.
|
2006-04-21 03:53:43 +00:00
|
|
|
.BR svipc (7)
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
provides further background on the information shown by these files.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.I /proc/tty
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
Subdirectory containing the pseudo-files and subdirectories for
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
tty drivers and line disciplines.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.I /proc/uptime
|
|
|
|
This file contains two numbers: the uptime of the system (seconds),
|
|
|
|
and the amount of time spent in idle process (seconds).
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.I /proc/version
|
|
|
|
This string identifies the kernel version that is currently running.
|
2007-08-27 12:26:44 +00:00
|
|
|
It includes the contents of
|
|
|
|
.IR /proc/sys/kernel/ostype ,
|
2007-09-20 16:26:31 +00:00
|
|
|
.I /proc/sys/kernel/osrelease
|
2007-08-27 12:26:44 +00:00
|
|
|
and
|
|
|
|
.IR /proc/sys/kernel/version .
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
For example:
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.nf
|
|
|
|
.in -2
|
|
|
|
.ft CW
|
|
|
|
Linux version 1.0.9 (quinlan@phaze) #1 Sat May 14 01:51:54 EDT 1994
|
|
|
|
.ft
|
|
|
|
.in +2
|
|
|
|
.fi
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.IR /proc/vmstat " (since Linux 2.6)"
|
|
|
|
This file displays various virtual memory statistics.
|
2005-09-19 14:20:48 +00:00
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.IR /proc/zoneinfo " (since Linux 2.6.13)"
|
|
|
|
This file display information about memory zones.
|
2007-06-08 09:56:56 +00:00
|
|
|
This is useful for analyzing virtual memory behavior.
|
2006-03-23 02:13:08 +00:00
|
|
|
.\" FIXME more should be said about /proc/zoneinfo
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.RE
|
|
|
|
.RE
|
2007-05-16 18:25:50 +00:00
|
|
|
.SH NOTES
|
|
|
|
Many strings (i.e., the environment and command line) are in
|
|
|
|
the internal format, with sub-fields terminated by null bytes ('\\0'),
|
|
|
|
so you
|
|
|
|
may find that things are more readable if you use \fIod \-c\fP or \fItr
|
|
|
|
"\\000" "\\n"\fP to read them.
|
|
|
|
Alternatively, \fIecho `cat <file>`\fP works well.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
This manual page is incomplete, possibly inaccurate, and is the kind
|
|
|
|
of thing that needs to be updated very often.
|
|
|
|
.\" .SH ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
|
|
|
|
.\" The material on /proc/sys/fs and /proc/sys/kernel is closely based on
|
|
|
|
.\" kernel source documentation files written by Rik van Riel.
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.SH "SEE ALSO"
|
|
|
|
.BR cat (1),
|
|
|
|
.BR find (1),
|
|
|
|
.BR free (1),
|
|
|
|
.BR ps (1),
|
|
|
|
.BR tr (1),
|
|
|
|
.BR uptime (1),
|
|
|
|
.BR chroot (2),
|
|
|
|
.BR mmap (2),
|
|
|
|
.BR readlink (2),
|
|
|
|
.BR syslog (2),
|
|
|
|
.BR slabinfo (5),
|
|
|
|
.BR hier (7),
|
|
|
|
.BR arp (8),
|
|
|
|
.BR dmesg (8),
|
|
|
|
.BR hdparm (8),
|
|
|
|
.BR ifconfig (8),
|
|
|
|
.BR init (8),
|
|
|
|
.BR lsmod (8),
|
|
|
|
.BR lspci (8),
|
I noticed things to correct and to clarify in subsection
"/proc/filesystems" of proc.5:
- clarify filesystems listing: not only FS compiled
into the kernel, also FS kernel modules currently loaded
- add a reference to fs(5)
- add an explanation for FS marked with "nodev"
- s/mount(1)/mount(8)/, also corrected in section "SEE ALSO"
- clarify usage by mount: the current wording may lead to
think /proc/filesystems is always used by mount when no FS
is specified. So, usage of "may" which IMHO is more
appropriate + additionnal explanations
In mount(8) we can see:
If no -t option is given, or if the auto type is
specified, mount will try to guess the desired type.
If mount was compiled with the blkid library, the
guessing is done by this library. Otherwise, mount
guesses itself by probing the superblock; if that
does not turn up anything that looks familiar,
mount will try to read the file /etc/filesystems,
or, if that does not exist, /proc/filesystems.
All of the filesystem types listed there will be
tried, except for those that are labeled "nodev"
(e.g., devpts, proc and nfs). If /etc/filesystems
ends in a line with a single * only, mount will
read /proc/filesystems afterwards.
2007-08-27 13:34:42 +00:00
|
|
|
.BR mount (8),
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.BR netstat (8),
|
|
|
|
.BR procinfo (8),
|
|
|
|
.BR route (8)
|
|
|
|
.br
|
|
|
|
.I /usr/src/linux/Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt
|