2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.\" Copyright (c) 1995,1997 Paul Gortmaker and Andries Brouwer
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.\"
|
getent.1, _syscall.2, acct.2, adjtimex.2, bdflush.2, brk.2, cacheflush.2, getsid.2, getxattr.2, inotify_add_watch.2, inotify_init.2, inotify_rm_watch.2, ioperm.2, ipc.2, listxattr.2, mlock.2, modify_ldt.2, mremap.2, nanosleep.2, outb.2, perf_event_open.2, ptrace.2, removexattr.2, s390_runtime_instr.2, sched_get_priority_max.2, sched_rr_get_interval.2, sched_setaffinity.2, sched_setparam.2, sched_setscheduler.2, sched_yield.2, setsid.2, setxattr.2, socketcall.2, unimplemented.2, aio_cancel.3, aio_error.3, aio_fsync.3, aio_read.3, aio_return.3, aio_suspend.3, aio_write.3, cfree.3, crypt.3, dlopen.3, encrypt.3, errno.3, fenv.3, ftime.3, ftw.3, getgrent_r.3, getpass.3, getpwent_r.3, getutent.3, hsearch.3, lio_listio.3, lockf.3, login.3, longjmp.3, perror.3, printf.3, scandirat.3, setjmp.3, strfmon.3, strtoimax.3, termios.3, ttyname.3, ualarm.3, updwtmp.3, wcstoimax.3, wordexp.3, console_ioctl.4, dsp56k.4, fd.4, hd.4, intro.4, lp.4, mem.4, null.4, ram.4, rtc.4, sk98lin.4, tty.4, ttyS.4, vcs.4, filesystems.5, group.5, host.conf.5, hosts.5, intro.5, issue.5, motd.5, networks.5, nologin.5, nsswitch.conf.5, passwd.5, proc.5, protocols.5, securetty.5, shells.5, termcap.5, ttytype.5, utmp.5, intro.6, armscii-8.7, ascii.7, bootparam.7, cp1251.7, environ.7, glob.7, intro.7, iso_8859-1.7, iso_8859-10.7, iso_8859-11.7, iso_8859-13.7, iso_8859-14.7, iso_8859-15.7, iso_8859-16.7, iso_8859-2.7, iso_8859-3.7, iso_8859-4.7, iso_8859-5.7, iso_8859-6.7, iso_8859-7.7, iso_8859-8.7, iso_8859-9.7, koi8-r.7, koi8-u.7, posixoptions.7, standards.7, unicode.7, utf-8.7, intro.8: s/GPLv2+_doc_full/GPLv2+_DOC_FULL/
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2013-03-10 09:29:46 +00:00
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|
|
.\" %%%LICENSE_START(GPLv2+_DOC_FULL)
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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|
.\" This is free documentation; you can redistribute it and/or
|
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|
.\" modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
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|
.\" published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of
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|
.\" the License, or (at your option) any later version.
|
|
|
|
.\"
|
|
|
|
.\" The GNU General Public License's references to "object code"
|
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|
.\" and "executables" are to be interpreted as the output of any
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|
.\" document formatting or typesetting system, including
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.\" intermediate and printed output.
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.\"
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.\" This manual is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
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.\" but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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.\" MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
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.\" GNU General Public License for more details.
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.\"
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|
|
.\" You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
|
getent.1, _syscall.2, acct.2, adjtimex.2, bdflush.2, brk.2, cacheflush.2, getsid.2, getxattr.2, inotify_add_watch.2, inotify_init.2, inotify_rm_watch.2, ioperm.2, ipc.2, listxattr.2, mlock.2, modify_ldt.2, mremap.2, nanosleep.2, outb.2, ptrace.2, removexattr.2, sched_get_priority_max.2, sched_rr_get_interval.2, sched_setaffinity.2, sched_setparam.2, sched_setscheduler.2, sched_yield.2, setsid.2, setxattr.2, socketcall.2, unimplemented.2, aio_cancel.3, aio_error.3, aio_fsync.3, aio_read.3, aio_return.3, aio_suspend.3, aio_write.3, cfree.3, crypt.3, dlopen.3, errno.3, fenv.3, ftime.3, ftw.3, getgrent_r.3, getpass.3, getpwent_r.3, getutent.3, hsearch.3, lio_listio.3, login.3, longjmp.3, perror.3, printf.3, scandirat.3, setjmp.3, strfmon.3, strtoimax.3, termios.3, ttyname.3, ualarm.3, wcstoimax.3, wordexp.3, console_ioctl.4, dsp56k.4, fd.4, hd.4, intro.4, lp.4, mem.4, null.4, ram.4, rtc.4, sk98lin.4, tty.4, ttyS.4, vcs.4, charmap.5, filesystems.5, ftpusers.5, gai.conf.5, group.5, host.conf.5, hosts.5, intro.5, issue.5, locale.5, motd.5, networks.5, nologin.5, nscd.conf.5, nss.5, nsswitch.conf.5, passwd.5, proc.5, protocols.5, securetty.5, shells.5, termcap.5, ttytype.5, utmp.5, intro.6, armscii-8.7, ascii.7, bootparam.7, cp1251.7, cpuset.7, environ.7, glob.7, intro.7, iso_8859-1.7, iso_8859-10.7, iso_8859-11.7, iso_8859-13.7, iso_8859-14.7, iso_8859-15.7, iso_8859-16.7, iso_8859-2.7, iso_8859-3.7, iso_8859-4.7, iso_8859-5.7, iso_8859-6.7, iso_8859-7.7, iso_8859-8.7, iso_8859-9.7, koi8-r.7, koi8-u.7, posixoptions.7, standards.7, unicode.7, utf-8.7, intro.8, ldconfig.8, nscd.8: Global fix: Update info in source comments on where to get a copy of the GPL
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2013-03-10 09:28:43 +00:00
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|
.\" License along with this manual; if not, see
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.\" <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
|
getent.1, _syscall.2, acct.2, adjtimex.2, bdflush.2, brk.2, cacheflush.2, getsid.2, getxattr.2, inotify_add_watch.2, inotify_init.2, inotify_rm_watch.2, ioperm.2, ipc.2, listxattr.2, mlock.2, modify_ldt.2, mremap.2, nanosleep.2, outb.2, perf_event_open.2, ptrace.2, removexattr.2, s390_runtime_instr.2, sched_get_priority_max.2, sched_rr_get_interval.2, sched_setaffinity.2, sched_setparam.2, sched_setscheduler.2, sched_yield.2, setsid.2, setxattr.2, socketcall.2, unimplemented.2, aio_cancel.3, aio_error.3, aio_fsync.3, aio_read.3, aio_return.3, aio_suspend.3, aio_write.3, cfree.3, crypt.3, dlopen.3, encrypt.3, errno.3, fenv.3, ftime.3, ftw.3, getgrent_r.3, getpass.3, getpwent_r.3, getutent.3, hsearch.3, lio_listio.3, lockf.3, login.3, longjmp.3, perror.3, printf.3, scandirat.3, setjmp.3, strfmon.3, strtoimax.3, termios.3, ttyname.3, ualarm.3, updwtmp.3, wcstoimax.3, wordexp.3, console_ioctl.4, dsp56k.4, fd.4, hd.4, intro.4, lp.4, mem.4, null.4, ram.4, rtc.4, sk98lin.4, tty.4, ttyS.4, vcs.4, filesystems.5, group.5, host.conf.5, hosts.5, intro.5, issue.5, motd.5, networks.5, nologin.5, nsswitch.conf.5, passwd.5, proc.5, protocols.5, securetty.5, shells.5, termcap.5, ttytype.5, utmp.5, intro.6, armscii-8.7, ascii.7, bootparam.7, cp1251.7, environ.7, glob.7, intro.7, iso_8859-1.7, iso_8859-10.7, iso_8859-11.7, iso_8859-13.7, iso_8859-14.7, iso_8859-15.7, iso_8859-16.7, iso_8859-2.7, iso_8859-3.7, iso_8859-4.7, iso_8859-5.7, iso_8859-6.7, iso_8859-7.7, iso_8859-8.7, iso_8859-9.7, koi8-r.7, koi8-u.7, posixoptions.7, standards.7, unicode.7, utf-8.7, intro.8: Global fix: Add LICENSE_START(GPLv2+_doc_full)
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2013-03-10 09:28:44 +00:00
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.\" %%%LICENSE_END
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.\"
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.\" This man page written 950814 by aeb, based on Paul Gortmaker's HOWTO
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.\" (dated v1.0.1, 15/08/95).
|
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|
.\" Major update, aeb, 970114.
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.\"
|
_exit.2, alarm.2, chmod.2, clone.2, epoll_ctl.2, fcntl.2, fork.2, fsync.2, getdents.2, getpid.2, ioctl.2, ioctl_console.2, ioctl_list.2, ioctl_ns.2, ioctl_tty.2, ioctl_userfaultfd.2, kexec_load.2, lseek.2, mincore.2, mkdir.2, mknod.2, mmap.2, open.2, poll.2, posix_fadvise.2, prctl.2, rename.2, sched_setaffinity.2, select.2, select_tut.2, sigaction.2, signalfd.2, sigprocmask.2, sigwaitinfo.2, socketcall.2, stat.2, statx.2, syscalls.2, truncate.2, umask.2, unshare.2, userfaultfd.2, utime.2, utimensat.2, wait.2, bzero.3, cfree.3, exit.3, getentropy.3, grantpt.3, insque.3, shm_open.3, syslog.3, termios.3, ttyname.3, wcsdup.3, console_codes.4, tty.4, vcs.4, elf.5, nsswitch.conf.5, proc.5, slabinfo.5, tmpfs.5, bootparam.7, environ.7, hostname.7, inotify.7, mailaddr.7, man-pages.7, namespaces.7, pid_namespaces.7, pthreads.7, pty.7, sem_overview.7, signal.7, socket.7, tcp.7, termio.7, user_namespaces.7, xattr.7, ld.so.8, zdump.8: tstamp
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2017-05-03 17:27:48 +00:00
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|
|
.TH BOOTPARAM 7 2017-05-03 "Linux" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.SH NAME
|
intro.1, add_key.2, get_mempolicy.2, get_thread_area.2, intro.2, keyctl.2, mbind.2, request_key.2, set_thread_area.2, clock.3, cmsg.3, getcwd.3, getpw.3, intro.3, malloc.3, posix_memalign.3, shm_open.3, sleep.3, sysconf.3, intro.4, sd.4, intro.5, locale.5, slabinfo.5, intro.6, boot.7, bootparam.7, futex.7, glob.7, hier.7, intro.7, libc.7, locale.7, mq_overview.7, netlink.7, sem_overview.7, shm_overview.7, unix.7, intro.8: Global fix: Use consistent capitalization in NAME section
The line(s) in the NAME section should only use capitals
where English usage dictates that. Otherwise, use
lowercase throughout.
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2012-10-21 06:29:13 +00:00
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bootparam \- introduction to boot time parameters of the Linux kernel
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.SH DESCRIPTION
|
2008-03-19 08:37:35 +00:00
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The Linux kernel accepts certain 'command-line options' or 'boot time
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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parameters' at the moment it is started.
|
2016-11-21 07:43:06 +00:00
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In general, this is used to
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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supply the kernel with information about hardware parameters that
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the kernel would not be able to determine on its own, or to avoid/override
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the values that the kernel would otherwise detect.
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2015-04-24 08:48:18 +00:00
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When the kernel is booted directly by the BIOS,
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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you have no opportunity to specify any parameters.
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So, in order to take advantage of this possibility you have to
|
2013-07-21 22:14:10 +00:00
|
|
|
use a boot loader that is able to pass parameters, such as GRUB.
|
intro.1, time.1, _syscall.2, accept.2, capget.2, clone.2, execve.2, fcntl.2, intro.2, ioctl_list.2, ioprio_set.2, kill.2, mlock.2, nanosleep.2, perf_event_open.2, select.2, stat.2, times.2, ustat.2, vfork.2, wait.2, cfree.3, dbopen.3, dlopen.3, fenv.3, fmtmsg.3, gamma.3, getaddrinfo.3, gethostbyname.3, getnameinfo.3, getspnam.3, login.3, printf.3, regex.3, stdio.3, sysconf.3, termios.3, ttyslot.3, undocumented.3, wordexp.3, console_codes.4, initrd.4, mouse.4, random.4, st.4, tty_ioctl.4, wavelan.4, charmap.5, dir_colors.5, hosts.5, termcap.5, armscii-8.7, boot.7, bootparam.7, capabilities.7, charsets.7, ddp.7, futex.7, glob.7, ipv6.7, iso_8859-1.7, iso_8859-10.7, iso_8859-11.7, iso_8859-13.7, iso_8859-14.7, iso_8859-15.7, iso_8859-16.7, iso_8859-2.7, iso_8859-3.7, iso_8859-4.7, iso_8859-5.7, iso_8859-6.7, iso_8859-7.7, iso_8859-8.7, iso_8859-9.7, koi8-r.7, koi8-u.7, man.7, numa.7, path_resolution.7, pipe.7, posixoptions.7, pthreads.7, pty.7, rtnetlink.7, signal.7, time.7, udp.7, udplite.7, unicode.7, uri.7, utf-8.7: G;lobal fix: remove unneeded double quotes in .SS headings
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2013-02-24 18:02:18 +00:00
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|
.SS The argument list
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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The kernel command line is parsed into a list of strings
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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(boot arguments) separated by spaces.
|
2015-04-24 08:49:13 +00:00
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|
Most of the boot arguments have the form:
|
2013-06-12 12:17:51 +00:00
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.in +4n
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.nf
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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name[=value_1][,value_2]...[,value_10]
|
2013-06-12 12:17:51 +00:00
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.fi
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.in
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.LP
|
2007-12-16 16:12:44 +00:00
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where 'name' is a unique keyword that is used to identify what part of
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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the kernel the associated values (if any) are to be given to.
|
intro.1, _syscall.2, access.2, arch_prctl.2, cacheflush.2, chown.2, clock_getres.2, clone.2, create_module.2, fcntl.2, flock.2, get_kernel_syms.2, get_robust_list.2, get_thread_area.2, getcpu.2, getpriority.2, getrlimit.2, getrusage.2, ioprio_set.2, kexec_load.2, madvise.2, mbind.2, migrate_pages.2, mknod.2, mmap.2, mount.2, move_pages.2, mprotect.2, open.2, pause.2, pciconfig_read.2, perf_event_open.2, prctl.2, ptrace.2, query_module.2, read.2, reboot.2, recv.2, s390_runtime_instr.2, sched_setscheduler.2, select_tut.2, send.2, set_mempolicy.2, setfsgid.2, setfsuid.2, sigaction.2, spu_create.2, spu_run.2, stime.2, swapon.2, syslog.2, timer_create.2, timer_getoverrun.2, times.2, tkill.2, umount.2, unimplemented.2, ustat.2, vm86.2, wait.2, abs.3, aio_read.3, aio_write.3, bsd_signal.3, catgets.3, clearenv.3, cmsg.3, dbopen.3, dirfd.3, dlopen.3, exec.3, fenv.3, ferror.3, fmemopen.3, fnmatch.3, fopen.3, futimes.3, getaddrinfo.3, getifaddrs.3, getipnodebyname.3, hsearch.3, if_nameindex.3, inet_pton.3, mblen.3, mbrlen.3, mbsrtowcs.3, mbtowc.3, mcheck.3, memfrob.3, mq_notify.3, netlink.3, posix_memalign.3, printf.3, pthread_attr_setscope.3, pthread_cleanup_push.3, pthread_kill_other_threads_np.3, pthread_self.3, pthread_setcancelstate.3, pthread_setconcurrency.3, raise.3, resolver.3, rpc.3, rtime.3, rtnetlink.3, scanf.3, setbuf.3, setnetgrent.3, shm_open.3, sigpause.3, sigset.3, sigwait.3, sockatmark.3, strcasecmp.3, strcmp.3, strdup.3, strftime.3, strptime.3, strsignal.3, strverscmp.3, sysv_signal.3, termios.3, wcrtomb.3, wcsnlen.3, wcsnrtombs.3, wcsrtombs.3, wctomb.3, wprintf.3, console_codes.4, cpuid.4, msr.4, rtc.4, sk98lin.4, st.4, tty.4, charmap.5, core.5, elf.5, hosts.equiv.5, proc.5, resolv.conf.5, services.5, slabinfo.5, arp.7, bootparam.7, capabilities.7, charsets.7, cpuset.7, ddp.7, epoll.7, feature_test_macros.7, futex.7, hier.7, icmp.7, inotify.7, ip.7, ipv6.7, man-pages.7, mdoc.7, mdoc.samples.7, netdevice.7, netlink.7, numa.7, packet.7, path_resolution.7, posixoptions.7, pthreads.7, raw.7, rtld-audit.7, rtnetlink.7, sem_overview.7, sigevent.7, socket.7, spufs.7, tcp.7, udp.7, unicode.7, uri.7, utf-8.7, intro.8, ldconfig.8, sync.8: Global fix: fix placement of word "only"
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2013-03-31 08:53:00 +00:00
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Note the limit of 10 is real, as the present code handles only 10 comma
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
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separated parameters per keyword.
|
close.2, epoll_create.2, epoll_ctl.2, fcntl.2, madvise.2, mmap.2, mremap.2, select_tut.2, setgid.2, setuid.2, syscalls.2, vmsplice.2, dlopen.3, fts.3, getpw.3, stdio.3, fd.4, initrd.4, random.4, sd.4, bootparam.7, capabilities.7, cpuset.7, epoll.7, inotify.7, man.7, socket.7, x25.7: Global fix: s/re-/re/
The tendency in English, as prescribed in style guides like
Chicago MoS, is towards removing hyphens after prefixes
like "re-" etc.
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2010-01-16 17:45:23 +00:00
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(However, you can reuse the same
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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keyword with up to an additional 10 parameters in unusually
|
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complicated situations, assuming the setup function supports it.)
|
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|
|
2013-06-08 03:17:34 +00:00
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Most of the sorting is coded in the kernel source file
|
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.IR init/main.c .
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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|
First, the kernel
|
2007-12-16 16:12:44 +00:00
|
|
|
checks to see if the argument is any of the special arguments 'root=',
|
2008-01-30 09:43:13 +00:00
|
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|
\&'nfsroot=', 'nfsaddrs=', 'ro', 'rw', 'debug' or 'init'.
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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The meaning of these special arguments is described below.
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
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|
|
2015-04-24 08:50:31 +00:00
|
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Then it walks a list of setup functions
|
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|
to see if the specified argument string (such as 'foo') has
|
2007-12-16 16:12:44 +00:00
|
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|
been associated with a setup function ('foo_setup()') for a particular
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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device or part of the kernel.
|
|
|
|
If you passed the kernel the line
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
foo=3,4,5,6 then the kernel would search the bootsetups array to see
|
2007-12-16 16:12:44 +00:00
|
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|
if 'foo' was registered.
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
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|
If it was, then it would call the setup
|
2007-12-16 16:12:44 +00:00
|
|
|
function associated with 'foo' (foo_setup()) and hand it the arguments
|
2014-02-05 15:05:52 +00:00
|
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|
3, 4, 5, and 6 as given on the kernel command line.
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
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|
2007-12-16 16:12:44 +00:00
|
|
|
Anything of the form 'foo=bar' that is not accepted as a setup function
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
as described above is then interpreted as an environment variable to
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
be set.
|
2007-12-16 16:12:44 +00:00
|
|
|
A (useless?) example would be to use 'TERM=vt100' as a boot
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
argument.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Any remaining arguments that were not picked up by the kernel and were
|
2015-04-24 08:51:46 +00:00
|
|
|
not interpreted as environment variables are then passed onto PID 1,
|
|
|
|
which is usually the
|
2013-06-08 03:32:17 +00:00
|
|
|
.BR init (1)
|
|
|
|
program.
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
The most common argument that
|
2013-06-08 03:32:17 +00:00
|
|
|
is passed to the
|
|
|
|
.I init
|
|
|
|
process is the word 'single' which instructs it
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
to boot the computer in single user mode, and not launch all the usual
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
daemons.
|
2013-06-08 03:32:17 +00:00
|
|
|
Check the manual page for the version of
|
|
|
|
.BR init (1)
|
|
|
|
installed on
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
your system to see what arguments it accepts.
|
getcpu.2, getunwind.2, kcmp.2, mmap.2, perf_event_open.2, perfmonctl.2, quotactl.2, restart_syscall.2, btree.3, dbopen.3, hash.3, recno.3, sched_getcpu.3, elf.5, bootparam.7, hier.7, netdevice.7, rtnetlink.7: wfix: "xxxx specific" ==> "xxxx-specific"
2014-01-10 17:16:28 +00:00
|
|
|
.SS General non-device-specific boot arguments
|
2007-06-15 06:27:14 +00:00
|
|
|
.TP
|
2007-12-16 16:12:44 +00:00
|
|
|
.B "'init=...'"
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
This sets the initial command to be executed by the kernel.
|
|
|
|
If this is not set, or cannot be found, the kernel will try
|
2007-05-27 21:52:08 +00:00
|
|
|
.IR /sbin/init ,
|
|
|
|
then
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.IR /etc/init ,
|
|
|
|
then
|
|
|
|
.IR /bin/init ,
|
|
|
|
then
|
2007-09-20 16:26:31 +00:00
|
|
|
.I /bin/sh
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
and panic if all of this fails.
|
2007-06-15 06:27:14 +00:00
|
|
|
.TP
|
2007-12-16 16:12:44 +00:00
|
|
|
.B "'nfsaddrs=...'"
|
2015-04-24 08:53:30 +00:00
|
|
|
This sets the NFS boot address to the given string.
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
This boot address is used in case of a net boot.
|
2007-06-15 06:27:14 +00:00
|
|
|
.TP
|
2007-12-16 16:12:44 +00:00
|
|
|
.B "'nfsroot=...'"
|
2015-04-24 08:53:53 +00:00
|
|
|
This sets the NFS root name to the given string.
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
If this string
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
does not begin with '/' or ',' or a digit, then it is prefixed by
|
2008-01-30 09:43:13 +00:00
|
|
|
\&'/tftpboot/'.
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
This root name is used in case of a net boot.
|
2007-06-15 06:27:14 +00:00
|
|
|
.TP
|
2007-12-16 16:12:44 +00:00
|
|
|
.B "'root=...'"
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
This argument tells the kernel what device is to be used as the root
|
intro.1, time.1, access.2, acct.2, alloc_hugepages.2, bind.2, chdir.2, chmod.2, chown.2, chroot.2, clone.2, close.2, execve.2, fallocate.2, fcntl.2, getdents.2, getrusage.2, getxattr.2, init_module.2, inotify_add_watch.2, ioprio_set.2, kcmp.2, link.2, listxattr.2, lseek.2, madvise.2, mkdir.2, mknod.2, mmap.2, mount.2, move_pages.2, msgctl.2, nfsservctl.2, open.2, pivot_root.2, quotactl.2, read.2, readlink.2, removexattr.2, rename.2, rmdir.2, semctl.2, setfsgid.2, setfsuid.2, setresuid.2, setuid.2, setup.2, setxattr.2, shmctl.2, splice.2, spu_create.2, stat.2, statfs.2, swapon.2, symlink.2, sync.2, sync_file_range.2, sysfs.2, truncate.2, umount.2, unlink.2, unshare.2, ustat.2, utime.2, utimensat.2, write.2, btree.3, errno.3, fexecve.3, ftw.3, futimes.3, get_nprocs_conf.3, getcwd.3, getdirentries.3, getmntent.3, glob.3, mkfifo.3, mq_open.3, readdir.3, realpath.3, recno.3, remove.3, sem_open.3, shm_open.3, statvfs.3, sysconf.3, telldir.3, tmpfile.3, cciss.4, initrd.4, pts.4, sk98lin.4, vcs.4, core.5, filesystems.5, proc.5, boot.7, bootparam.7, capabilities.7, cpuset.7, credentials.7, feature_test_macros.7, fifo.7, hier.7, inotify.7, intro.7, mq_overview.7, path_resolution.7, pipe.7, sem_overview.7, shm_overview.7, spufs.7, symlink.7, unix.7, uri.7, sync.8: Global fix: s/file system/filesystem/
Notwithstanding 24d01c530c5a3f75217543d02bf6712395e5f90c,
"filesystem" is the form used by the great majority of man pages
outside the man-pages project and in a number of other sources,
so let's go with that.
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2013-08-08 08:07:57 +00:00
|
|
|
filesystem while booting.
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
The default of this setting is determined
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
at compile time, and usually is the value of the root device of the
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
system that the kernel was built on.
|
|
|
|
To override this value, and
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
select the second floppy drive as the root device, one would
|
2008-06-28 04:57:20 +00:00
|
|
|
use 'root=/dev/fd1'.
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The root device can be specified symbolically or numerically.
|
2013-06-08 03:17:34 +00:00
|
|
|
A symbolic specification has the form
|
2013-07-08 21:34:57 +00:00
|
|
|
.IR /dev/XXYN ,
|
2013-06-08 03:17:34 +00:00
|
|
|
where XX designates
|
2015-04-24 08:57:40 +00:00
|
|
|
the device type (e.g., 'hd' for ST-506 compatible hard disk, with Y in
|
|
|
|
\&'a'-'d'; 'sd' for SCSI compatible disk, with Y in 'a'-'e'),
|
|
|
|
Y the driver letter or
|
|
|
|
number, and N the number (in decimal) of the partition on this device.
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Note that this has nothing to do with the designation of these
|
intro.1, time.1, access.2, acct.2, alloc_hugepages.2, bind.2, chdir.2, chmod.2, chown.2, chroot.2, clone.2, close.2, execve.2, fallocate.2, fcntl.2, getdents.2, getrusage.2, getxattr.2, init_module.2, inotify_add_watch.2, ioprio_set.2, kcmp.2, link.2, listxattr.2, lseek.2, madvise.2, mkdir.2, mknod.2, mmap.2, mount.2, move_pages.2, msgctl.2, nfsservctl.2, open.2, pivot_root.2, quotactl.2, read.2, readlink.2, removexattr.2, rename.2, rmdir.2, semctl.2, setfsgid.2, setfsuid.2, setresuid.2, setuid.2, setup.2, setxattr.2, shmctl.2, splice.2, spu_create.2, stat.2, statfs.2, swapon.2, symlink.2, sync.2, sync_file_range.2, sysfs.2, truncate.2, umount.2, unlink.2, unshare.2, ustat.2, utime.2, utimensat.2, write.2, btree.3, errno.3, fexecve.3, ftw.3, futimes.3, get_nprocs_conf.3, getcwd.3, getdirentries.3, getmntent.3, glob.3, mkfifo.3, mq_open.3, readdir.3, realpath.3, recno.3, remove.3, sem_open.3, shm_open.3, statvfs.3, sysconf.3, telldir.3, tmpfile.3, cciss.4, initrd.4, pts.4, sk98lin.4, vcs.4, core.5, filesystems.5, proc.5, boot.7, bootparam.7, capabilities.7, cpuset.7, credentials.7, feature_test_macros.7, fifo.7, hier.7, inotify.7, intro.7, mq_overview.7, path_resolution.7, pipe.7, sem_overview.7, shm_overview.7, spufs.7, symlink.7, unix.7, uri.7, sync.8: Global fix: s/file system/filesystem/
Notwithstanding 24d01c530c5a3f75217543d02bf6712395e5f90c,
"filesystem" is the form used by the great majority of man pages
outside the man-pages project and in a number of other sources,
so let's go with that.
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2013-08-08 08:07:57 +00:00
|
|
|
devices on your filesystem.
|
2007-12-16 16:12:44 +00:00
|
|
|
The '/dev/' part is purely conventional.
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The more awkward and less portable numeric specification of the above
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
possible root devices in major/minor format is also accepted.
|
2014-05-01 10:05:29 +00:00
|
|
|
(For example,
|
2013-06-08 03:17:34 +00:00
|
|
|
.I /dev/sda3
|
|
|
|
is major 8, minor 3, so you could use 'root=0x803' as an
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
alternative.)
|
2007-06-15 06:27:14 +00:00
|
|
|
.TP
|
2014-05-29 06:00:22 +00:00
|
|
|
.BR "'rootdelay='"
|
2014-06-14 06:03:45 +00:00
|
|
|
This parameter sets the delay (in seconds) to pause before attempting
|
2014-05-29 06:00:22 +00:00
|
|
|
to mount the root filesystem.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.BR "'rootflags=...'"
|
2014-05-29 06:17:06 +00:00
|
|
|
This parameter sets the mount option string for the root filesystem
|
|
|
|
(see also
|
2014-05-29 06:00:22 +00:00
|
|
|
.BR fstab (5)).
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
2013-03-10 12:05:00 +00:00
|
|
|
.BR "'rootfstype=...'"
|
|
|
|
The 'rootfstype' option tells the kernel to mount the root filesystem as
|
|
|
|
if it where of the type specified.
|
|
|
|
This can be useful (for example) to
|
|
|
|
mount an ext3 filesystem as ext2 and then remove the journal in the root
|
|
|
|
filesystem, in fact reverting its format from ext3 to ext2 without the
|
|
|
|
need to boot the box from alternate media.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
2007-12-16 16:12:44 +00:00
|
|
|
.BR 'ro' " and " 'rw'
|
intro.1, time.1, access.2, acct.2, alloc_hugepages.2, bind.2, chdir.2, chmod.2, chown.2, chroot.2, clone.2, close.2, execve.2, fallocate.2, fcntl.2, getdents.2, getrusage.2, getxattr.2, init_module.2, inotify_add_watch.2, ioprio_set.2, kcmp.2, link.2, listxattr.2, lseek.2, madvise.2, mkdir.2, mknod.2, mmap.2, mount.2, move_pages.2, msgctl.2, nfsservctl.2, open.2, pivot_root.2, quotactl.2, read.2, readlink.2, removexattr.2, rename.2, rmdir.2, semctl.2, setfsgid.2, setfsuid.2, setresuid.2, setuid.2, setup.2, setxattr.2, shmctl.2, splice.2, spu_create.2, stat.2, statfs.2, swapon.2, symlink.2, sync.2, sync_file_range.2, sysfs.2, truncate.2, umount.2, unlink.2, unshare.2, ustat.2, utime.2, utimensat.2, write.2, btree.3, errno.3, fexecve.3, ftw.3, futimes.3, get_nprocs_conf.3, getcwd.3, getdirentries.3, getmntent.3, glob.3, mkfifo.3, mq_open.3, readdir.3, realpath.3, recno.3, remove.3, sem_open.3, shm_open.3, statvfs.3, sysconf.3, telldir.3, tmpfile.3, cciss.4, initrd.4, pts.4, sk98lin.4, vcs.4, core.5, filesystems.5, proc.5, boot.7, bootparam.7, capabilities.7, cpuset.7, credentials.7, feature_test_macros.7, fifo.7, hier.7, inotify.7, intro.7, mq_overview.7, path_resolution.7, pipe.7, sem_overview.7, shm_overview.7, spufs.7, symlink.7, unix.7, uri.7, sync.8: Global fix: s/file system/filesystem/
Notwithstanding 24d01c530c5a3f75217543d02bf6712395e5f90c,
"filesystem" is the form used by the great majority of man pages
outside the man-pages project and in a number of other sources,
so let's go with that.
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2013-08-08 08:07:57 +00:00
|
|
|
The 'ro' option tells the kernel to mount the root filesystem
|
|
|
|
as 'read-only' so that filesystem consistency check programs (fsck)
|
|
|
|
can do their work on a quiescent filesystem.
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
No processes can
|
intro.1, time.1, access.2, acct.2, alloc_hugepages.2, bind.2, chdir.2, chmod.2, chown.2, chroot.2, clone.2, close.2, execve.2, fallocate.2, fcntl.2, getdents.2, getrusage.2, getxattr.2, init_module.2, inotify_add_watch.2, ioprio_set.2, kcmp.2, link.2, listxattr.2, lseek.2, madvise.2, mkdir.2, mknod.2, mmap.2, mount.2, move_pages.2, msgctl.2, nfsservctl.2, open.2, pivot_root.2, quotactl.2, read.2, readlink.2, removexattr.2, rename.2, rmdir.2, semctl.2, setfsgid.2, setfsuid.2, setresuid.2, setuid.2, setup.2, setxattr.2, shmctl.2, splice.2, spu_create.2, stat.2, statfs.2, swapon.2, symlink.2, sync.2, sync_file_range.2, sysfs.2, truncate.2, umount.2, unlink.2, unshare.2, ustat.2, utime.2, utimensat.2, write.2, btree.3, errno.3, fexecve.3, ftw.3, futimes.3, get_nprocs_conf.3, getcwd.3, getdirentries.3, getmntent.3, glob.3, mkfifo.3, mq_open.3, readdir.3, realpath.3, recno.3, remove.3, sem_open.3, shm_open.3, statvfs.3, sysconf.3, telldir.3, tmpfile.3, cciss.4, initrd.4, pts.4, sk98lin.4, vcs.4, core.5, filesystems.5, proc.5, boot.7, bootparam.7, capabilities.7, cpuset.7, credentials.7, feature_test_macros.7, fifo.7, hier.7, inotify.7, intro.7, mq_overview.7, path_resolution.7, pipe.7, sem_overview.7, shm_overview.7, spufs.7, symlink.7, unix.7, uri.7, sync.8: Global fix: s/file system/filesystem/
Notwithstanding 24d01c530c5a3f75217543d02bf6712395e5f90c,
"filesystem" is the form used by the great majority of man pages
outside the man-pages project and in a number of other sources,
so let's go with that.
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2013-08-08 08:07:57 +00:00
|
|
|
write to files on the filesystem in question until it is 'remounted'
|
2007-12-16 16:12:44 +00:00
|
|
|
as read/write capable, for example, by 'mount \-w \-n \-o remount /'.
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
(See also
|
|
|
|
.BR mount (8).)
|
|
|
|
|
intro.1, time.1, access.2, acct.2, alloc_hugepages.2, bind.2, chdir.2, chmod.2, chown.2, chroot.2, clone.2, close.2, execve.2, fallocate.2, fcntl.2, getdents.2, getrusage.2, getxattr.2, init_module.2, inotify_add_watch.2, ioprio_set.2, kcmp.2, link.2, listxattr.2, lseek.2, madvise.2, mkdir.2, mknod.2, mmap.2, mount.2, move_pages.2, msgctl.2, nfsservctl.2, open.2, pivot_root.2, quotactl.2, read.2, readlink.2, removexattr.2, rename.2, rmdir.2, semctl.2, setfsgid.2, setfsuid.2, setresuid.2, setuid.2, setup.2, setxattr.2, shmctl.2, splice.2, spu_create.2, stat.2, statfs.2, swapon.2, symlink.2, sync.2, sync_file_range.2, sysfs.2, truncate.2, umount.2, unlink.2, unshare.2, ustat.2, utime.2, utimensat.2, write.2, btree.3, errno.3, fexecve.3, ftw.3, futimes.3, get_nprocs_conf.3, getcwd.3, getdirentries.3, getmntent.3, glob.3, mkfifo.3, mq_open.3, readdir.3, realpath.3, recno.3, remove.3, sem_open.3, shm_open.3, statvfs.3, sysconf.3, telldir.3, tmpfile.3, cciss.4, initrd.4, pts.4, sk98lin.4, vcs.4, core.5, filesystems.5, proc.5, boot.7, bootparam.7, capabilities.7, cpuset.7, credentials.7, feature_test_macros.7, fifo.7, hier.7, inotify.7, intro.7, mq_overview.7, path_resolution.7, pipe.7, sem_overview.7, shm_overview.7, spufs.7, symlink.7, unix.7, uri.7, sync.8: Global fix: s/file system/filesystem/
Notwithstanding 24d01c530c5a3f75217543d02bf6712395e5f90c,
"filesystem" is the form used by the great majority of man pages
outside the man-pages project and in a number of other sources,
so let's go with that.
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2013-08-08 08:07:57 +00:00
|
|
|
The 'rw' option tells the kernel to mount the root filesystem read/write.
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
This is the default.
|
2007-06-15 06:27:14 +00:00
|
|
|
.TP
|
2013-06-08 02:32:04 +00:00
|
|
|
.B "'resume=...'"
|
|
|
|
This tells the kernel the location of the suspend-to-disk data that you want the machine to resume from after hibernation.
|
2015-04-22 09:59:48 +00:00
|
|
|
Usually, it is the same as your swap partition or file.
|
|
|
|
Example:
|
2013-06-12 12:17:51 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.in +4n
|
|
|
|
.nf
|
|
|
|
resume=/dev/hda2
|
|
|
|
.fi
|
|
|
|
.in
|
2013-06-08 02:32:04 +00:00
|
|
|
.TP
|
2007-12-16 16:12:44 +00:00
|
|
|
.B "'reserve=...'"
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
This is used to protect I/O port regions from probes.
|
|
|
|
The form of the command is:
|
2013-06-12 12:17:51 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.in +4n
|
|
|
|
.nf
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.BI reserve= iobase,extent[,iobase,extent]...
|
2013-06-12 12:17:51 +00:00
|
|
|
.fi
|
|
|
|
.in
|
2007-06-15 06:27:14 +00:00
|
|
|
.sp
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
In some machines it may be necessary to prevent device drivers from
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
checking for devices (auto-probing) in a specific region.
|
|
|
|
This may be
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
because of hardware that reacts badly to the probing, or hardware
|
|
|
|
that would be mistakenly identified, or merely
|
|
|
|
hardware you don't want the kernel to initialize.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The reserve boot-time argument specifies an I/O port region that
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
shouldn't be probed.
|
|
|
|
A device driver will not probe a reserved region,
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
unless another boot argument explicitly specifies that it do so.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For example, the boot line
|
2013-06-12 12:17:51 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.in +4n
|
|
|
|
.nf
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
reserve=0x300,32 blah=0x300
|
2013-06-12 12:17:51 +00:00
|
|
|
.fi
|
|
|
|
.in
|
2007-06-15 06:27:14 +00:00
|
|
|
.IP
|
2007-12-16 16:12:44 +00:00
|
|
|
keeps all device drivers except the driver for 'blah' from probing
|
2007-12-22 16:40:46 +00:00
|
|
|
0x300\-0x31f.
|
2007-06-15 06:27:14 +00:00
|
|
|
.TP
|
2007-12-16 16:12:44 +00:00
|
|
|
.B "'panic=N'"
|
2015-03-27 11:21:48 +00:00
|
|
|
By default, the kernel will not reboot after a panic, but this option
|
2008-07-18 03:59:02 +00:00
|
|
|
will cause a kernel reboot after N seconds (if N is greater than zero).
|
2013-06-12 12:17:51 +00:00
|
|
|
This panic timeout can also be set by
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.in +4n
|
|
|
|
.nf
|
2013-07-08 21:41:47 +00:00
|
|
|
echo N > /proc/sys/kernel/panic
|
2013-06-12 12:17:51 +00:00
|
|
|
.fi
|
|
|
|
.in
|
2007-06-15 06:27:14 +00:00
|
|
|
.TP
|
2007-12-16 16:12:44 +00:00
|
|
|
.B "'reboot=[warm|cold][,[bios|hard]]'"
|
2015-04-24 09:07:53 +00:00
|
|
|
Since Linux 2.0.22, a reboot is by default a cold reboot.
|
2007-12-16 16:12:44 +00:00
|
|
|
One asks for the old default with 'reboot=warm'.
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
(A cold reboot may be required to reset certain hardware,
|
|
|
|
but might destroy not yet written data in a disk cache.
|
|
|
|
A warm reboot may be faster.)
|
2015-03-27 11:21:48 +00:00
|
|
|
By default, a reboot is hard, by asking the keyboard controller
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
to pulse the reset line low, but there is at least one type
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
of motherboard where that doesn't work.
|
2007-12-16 16:12:44 +00:00
|
|
|
The option 'reboot=bios' will
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
instead jump through the BIOS.
|
2007-06-15 06:27:14 +00:00
|
|
|
.TP
|
2007-12-16 16:12:44 +00:00
|
|
|
.BR 'nosmp' " and " 'maxcpus=N'
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
(Only when __SMP__ is defined.)
|
2007-12-16 16:12:44 +00:00
|
|
|
A command-line option of 'nosmp' or 'maxcpus=0' will disable SMP
|
|
|
|
activation entirely; an option 'maxcpus=N' limits the maximum number
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
of CPUs activated in SMP mode to N.
|
intro.1, time.1, _syscall.2, accept.2, capget.2, clone.2, execve.2, fcntl.2, intro.2, ioctl_list.2, ioprio_set.2, kill.2, mlock.2, nanosleep.2, perf_event_open.2, select.2, stat.2, times.2, ustat.2, vfork.2, wait.2, cfree.3, dbopen.3, dlopen.3, fenv.3, fmtmsg.3, gamma.3, getaddrinfo.3, gethostbyname.3, getnameinfo.3, getspnam.3, login.3, printf.3, regex.3, stdio.3, sysconf.3, termios.3, ttyslot.3, undocumented.3, wordexp.3, console_codes.4, initrd.4, mouse.4, random.4, st.4, tty_ioctl.4, wavelan.4, charmap.5, dir_colors.5, hosts.5, termcap.5, armscii-8.7, boot.7, bootparam.7, capabilities.7, charsets.7, ddp.7, futex.7, glob.7, ipv6.7, iso_8859-1.7, iso_8859-10.7, iso_8859-11.7, iso_8859-13.7, iso_8859-14.7, iso_8859-15.7, iso_8859-16.7, iso_8859-2.7, iso_8859-3.7, iso_8859-4.7, iso_8859-5.7, iso_8859-6.7, iso_8859-7.7, iso_8859-8.7, iso_8859-9.7, koi8-r.7, koi8-u.7, man.7, numa.7, path_resolution.7, pipe.7, posixoptions.7, pthreads.7, pty.7, rtnetlink.7, signal.7, time.7, udp.7, udplite.7, unicode.7, uri.7, utf-8.7: G;lobal fix: remove unneeded double quotes in .SS headings
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2013-02-24 18:02:18 +00:00
|
|
|
.SS Boot arguments for use by kernel developers
|
2007-06-15 06:27:14 +00:00
|
|
|
.TP
|
2007-12-16 16:12:44 +00:00
|
|
|
.B "'debug'"
|
2015-04-24 11:27:23 +00:00
|
|
|
Kernel messages are handed off to a daemon (e.g.,
|
|
|
|
.BR klogd (8)
|
|
|
|
or similar) so that they may be logged to disk.
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
Messages with a priority above
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.I console_loglevel
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
are also printed on the console.
|
2015-04-24 13:20:30 +00:00
|
|
|
(For a discussion of log levels, see
|
2015-04-24 11:27:23 +00:00
|
|
|
.BR syslog (2).)
|
|
|
|
By default,
|
|
|
|
.I console_loglevel
|
|
|
|
is set to log messages at levels higher than
|
|
|
|
.BR KERN_DEBUG .
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
This boot argument will cause the kernel to also
|
2015-04-24 11:27:23 +00:00
|
|
|
print messages logged at level
|
|
|
|
.BR KERN_DEBUG .
|
|
|
|
The console loglevel can also be set on a booted system via the
|
|
|
|
.IR /proc/sys/kernel/printk
|
|
|
|
file (described in
|
|
|
|
.BR syslog (2)),
|
|
|
|
the
|
|
|
|
.BR syslog (2)
|
|
|
|
.B SYSLOG_ACTION_CONSOLE_LEVEL
|
|
|
|
operation, or
|
|
|
|
.BR dmesg (8).
|
2007-06-15 06:27:14 +00:00
|
|
|
.TP
|
2007-12-16 16:12:44 +00:00
|
|
|
.B "'profile=N'"
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
It is possible to enable a kernel profiling function,
|
|
|
|
if one wishes to find out where the kernel is spending its CPU cycles.
|
|
|
|
Profiling is enabled by setting the variable
|
|
|
|
.I prof_shift
|
intro.1, time.1, adjtimex.2, capget.2, eventfd.2, fcntl.2, getrlimit.2, getsockopt.2, gettimeofday.2, intro.2, ioctl_list.2, ioperm.2, mlock.2, pivot_root.2, poll.2, prctl.2, ptrace.2, sched_setscheduler.2, select_tut.2, semget.2, sigaltstack.2, signalfd.2, sysctl.2, timer_settime.2, timerfd_create.2, wait.2, CPU_SET.3, argz_add.3, assert_perror.3, atexit.3, backtrace.3, bcmp.3, clearenv.3, ctime.3, dl_iterate_phdr.3, dlopen.3, ecvt.3, errno.3, error.3, ether_aton.3, exit.3, fenv.3, ferror.3, finite.3, flockfile.3, fnmatch.3, fpathconf.3, fpclassify.3, ftime.3, ftok.3, ftw.3, fwide.3, getaddrinfo.3, gethostbyname.3, getlogin.3, getnameinfo.3, getnetent.3, getopt.3, getprotoent.3, getrpcent.3, getservent.3, glob.3, hsearch.3, inet.3, isalpha.3, iswalnum.3, iswalpha.3, iswblank.3, iswcntrl.3, iswctype.3, iswdigit.3, iswgraph.3, iswlower.3, iswprint.3, iswpunct.3, iswspace.3, iswupper.3, iswxdigit.3, longjmp.3, lsearch.3, malloc.3, matherr.3, mblen.3, mbsinit.3, mbtowc.3, on_exit.3, printf.3, pthread_attr_init.3, pthread_attr_setaffinity_np.3, pthread_attr_setdetachstate.3, pthread_attr_setguardsize.3, pthread_attr_setinheritsched.3, pthread_attr_setschedparam.3, pthread_attr_setschedpolicy.3, pthread_attr_setscope.3, pthread_attr_setstack.3, pthread_attr_setstackaddr.3, pthread_attr_setstacksize.3, pthread_cancel.3, pthread_cleanup_push.3, pthread_equal.3, pthread_getattr_np.3, pthread_getcpuclockid.3, pthread_setaffinity_np.3, pthread_setcancelstate.3, pthread_setconcurrency.3, pthread_setschedparam.3, pthread_setschedprio.3, ptsname.3, putenv.3, putgrent.3, raise.3, rcmd.3, regex.3, rexec.3, rpc.3, rpmatch.3, rtnetlink.3, scandir.3, sem_init.3, setaliasent.3, setbuf.3, setenv.3, setjmp.3, signbit.3, stdio_ext.3, strtod.3, strtol.3, strtoul.3, system.3, termios.3, timeradd.3, tzset.3, ualarm.3, wctomb.3, xdr.3, st.4, tty_ioctl.4, core.5, elf.5, proc.5, bootparam.7, capabilities.7, icmp.7, ip.7, ipv6.7, math_error.7, mdoc.samples.7, mq_overview.7, pthreads.7, raw.7, regex.7, socket.7, tcp.7, tzselect.8: Global fix: s/non-zero/nonzero/
The tendency in English, as prescribed in style guides like
Chicago MoS, is towards removing hyphens after prefixes
like "non-" etc.
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2010-01-16 16:40:55 +00:00
|
|
|
to a nonzero value.
|
2007-12-16 16:12:44 +00:00
|
|
|
This is done either by specifying
|
|
|
|
.B CONFIG_PROFILE
|
|
|
|
at compile time, or by giving the 'profile=' option.
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
Now the value that
|
|
|
|
.I prof_shift
|
2007-12-16 16:12:44 +00:00
|
|
|
gets will be N, when given, or
|
|
|
|
.BR CONFIG_PROFILE_SHIFT ,
|
|
|
|
when that is given, or 2, the default.
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
The significance of this variable is that it
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
gives the granularity of the profiling: each clock tick, if the
|
|
|
|
system was executing kernel code, a counter is incremented:
|
2013-06-12 12:17:51 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.in +4n
|
|
|
|
.nf
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
profile[address >> prof_shift]++;
|
2013-06-12 12:17:51 +00:00
|
|
|
.fi
|
|
|
|
.in
|
2007-06-15 06:27:14 +00:00
|
|
|
.sp
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
The raw profiling information can be read from
|
|
|
|
.IR /proc/profile .
|
|
|
|
Probably you'll want to use a tool such as readprofile.c to digest it.
|
|
|
|
Writing to
|
|
|
|
.I /proc/profile
|
|
|
|
will clear the counters.
|
intro.1, time.1, _syscall.2, accept.2, capget.2, clone.2, execve.2, fcntl.2, intro.2, ioctl_list.2, ioprio_set.2, kill.2, mlock.2, nanosleep.2, perf_event_open.2, select.2, stat.2, times.2, ustat.2, vfork.2, wait.2, cfree.3, dbopen.3, dlopen.3, fenv.3, fmtmsg.3, gamma.3, getaddrinfo.3, gethostbyname.3, getnameinfo.3, getspnam.3, login.3, printf.3, regex.3, stdio.3, sysconf.3, termios.3, ttyslot.3, undocumented.3, wordexp.3, console_codes.4, initrd.4, mouse.4, random.4, st.4, tty_ioctl.4, wavelan.4, charmap.5, dir_colors.5, hosts.5, termcap.5, armscii-8.7, boot.7, bootparam.7, capabilities.7, charsets.7, ddp.7, futex.7, glob.7, ipv6.7, iso_8859-1.7, iso_8859-10.7, iso_8859-11.7, iso_8859-13.7, iso_8859-14.7, iso_8859-15.7, iso_8859-16.7, iso_8859-2.7, iso_8859-3.7, iso_8859-4.7, iso_8859-5.7, iso_8859-6.7, iso_8859-7.7, iso_8859-8.7, iso_8859-9.7, koi8-r.7, koi8-u.7, man.7, numa.7, path_resolution.7, pipe.7, posixoptions.7, pthreads.7, pty.7, rtnetlink.7, signal.7, time.7, udp.7, udplite.7, unicode.7, uri.7, utf-8.7: G;lobal fix: remove unneeded double quotes in .SS headings
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2013-02-24 18:02:18 +00:00
|
|
|
.SS Boot arguments for ramdisk use
|
2007-12-16 16:12:44 +00:00
|
|
|
(Only if the kernel was compiled with
|
|
|
|
.BR CONFIG_BLK_DEV_RAM .)
|
intro.1, fork.2, futex.2, open.2, rename.2, select_tut.2, semop.2, spu_create.2, stat.2, netlink.3, random.3, scanf.3, shm_open.3, strftime.3, console.4, console_codes.4, sk98lin.4, st.4, bootparam.7, cpuset.7, credentials.7, man-pages.7, path_resolution.7, uri.7: Global fix: remove spaces around em-dash
Normal English typographical convention is not to have
spaces around em dashes.
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2011-10-03 06:47:35 +00:00
|
|
|
In general it is a bad idea to use a ramdisk under Linux\(emthe
|
|
|
|
system will use available memory more efficiently itself.
|
2015-04-24 09:14:32 +00:00
|
|
|
But while booting,
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
it is often useful to load the floppy contents into a
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
ramdisk.
|
|
|
|
One might also have a system in which first
|
intro.1, time.1, access.2, acct.2, alloc_hugepages.2, bind.2, chdir.2, chmod.2, chown.2, chroot.2, clone.2, close.2, execve.2, fallocate.2, fcntl.2, getdents.2, getrusage.2, getxattr.2, init_module.2, inotify_add_watch.2, ioprio_set.2, kcmp.2, link.2, listxattr.2, lseek.2, madvise.2, mkdir.2, mknod.2, mmap.2, mount.2, move_pages.2, msgctl.2, nfsservctl.2, open.2, pivot_root.2, quotactl.2, read.2, readlink.2, removexattr.2, rename.2, rmdir.2, semctl.2, setfsgid.2, setfsuid.2, setresuid.2, setuid.2, setup.2, setxattr.2, shmctl.2, splice.2, spu_create.2, stat.2, statfs.2, swapon.2, symlink.2, sync.2, sync_file_range.2, sysfs.2, truncate.2, umount.2, unlink.2, unshare.2, ustat.2, utime.2, utimensat.2, write.2, btree.3, errno.3, fexecve.3, ftw.3, futimes.3, get_nprocs_conf.3, getcwd.3, getdirentries.3, getmntent.3, glob.3, mkfifo.3, mq_open.3, readdir.3, realpath.3, recno.3, remove.3, sem_open.3, shm_open.3, statvfs.3, sysconf.3, telldir.3, tmpfile.3, cciss.4, initrd.4, pts.4, sk98lin.4, vcs.4, core.5, filesystems.5, proc.5, boot.7, bootparam.7, capabilities.7, cpuset.7, credentials.7, feature_test_macros.7, fifo.7, hier.7, inotify.7, intro.7, mq_overview.7, path_resolution.7, pipe.7, sem_overview.7, shm_overview.7, spufs.7, symlink.7, unix.7, uri.7, sync.8: Global fix: s/file system/filesystem/
Notwithstanding 24d01c530c5a3f75217543d02bf6712395e5f90c,
"filesystem" is the form used by the great majority of man pages
outside the man-pages project and in a number of other sources,
so let's go with that.
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2013-08-08 08:07:57 +00:00
|
|
|
some modules (for filesystem or hardware) must be loaded
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
before the main disk can be accessed.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
In Linux 1.3.48, ramdisk handling was changed drastically.
|
|
|
|
Earlier, the memory was allocated statically, and there was
|
2007-12-16 16:12:44 +00:00
|
|
|
a 'ramdisk=N' parameter to tell its size.
|
2013-06-08 02:50:50 +00:00
|
|
|
(This could also be set in the kernel image at compile time.)
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
These days ram disks use the buffer cache, and grow dynamically.
|
2015-04-24 09:14:32 +00:00
|
|
|
For a lot of information on the current ramdisk
|
2013-07-18 02:05:57 +00:00
|
|
|
setup, see the kernel source file
|
2013-07-04 10:53:51 +00:00
|
|
|
.IR Documentation/blockdev/ramdisk.txt
|
2013-06-08 03:17:34 +00:00
|
|
|
.RI ( Documentation/ramdisk.txt
|
|
|
|
in older kernels).
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
There are four parameters, two boolean and two integral.
|
2007-06-15 06:27:14 +00:00
|
|
|
.TP
|
2007-12-16 16:12:44 +00:00
|
|
|
.B "'load_ramdisk=N'"
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
If N=1, do load a ramdisk.
|
|
|
|
If N=0, do not load a ramdisk.
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
(This is the default.)
|
2007-06-15 06:27:14 +00:00
|
|
|
.TP
|
2007-12-16 16:12:44 +00:00
|
|
|
.B "'prompt_ramdisk=N'"
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
If N=1, do prompt for insertion of the floppy.
|
|
|
|
(This is the default.)
|
|
|
|
If N=0, do not prompt.
|
|
|
|
(Thus, this parameter is never needed.)
|
2007-06-15 06:27:14 +00:00
|
|
|
.TP
|
2007-12-16 16:12:44 +00:00
|
|
|
.BR 'ramdisk_size=N' " or (obsolete) " 'ramdisk=N'
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
Set the maximal size of the ramdisk(s) to N kB.
|
|
|
|
The default is 4096 (4 MB).
|
2007-06-15 06:27:14 +00:00
|
|
|
.TP
|
2007-12-16 16:12:44 +00:00
|
|
|
.B "'ramdisk_start=N'"
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
Sets the starting block number (the offset on the floppy where
|
|
|
|
the ramdisk starts) to N.
|
|
|
|
This is needed in case the ramdisk follows a kernel image.
|
2007-06-15 06:27:14 +00:00
|
|
|
.TP
|
2007-12-16 16:12:44 +00:00
|
|
|
.B "'noinitrd'"
|
|
|
|
(Only if the kernel was compiled with
|
|
|
|
.B CONFIG_BLK_DEV_RAM
|
|
|
|
and
|
|
|
|
.BR CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD .)
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
These days it is possible to compile the kernel to use initrd.
|
|
|
|
When this feature is enabled, the boot process will load the kernel
|
|
|
|
and an initial ramdisk; then the kernel converts initrd into
|
|
|
|
a "normal" ramdisk, which is mounted read-write as root device;
|
2013-06-08 03:17:34 +00:00
|
|
|
then
|
|
|
|
.I /linuxrc
|
intro.1, time.1, access.2, acct.2, alloc_hugepages.2, bind.2, chdir.2, chmod.2, chown.2, chroot.2, clone.2, close.2, execve.2, fallocate.2, fcntl.2, getdents.2, getrusage.2, getxattr.2, init_module.2, inotify_add_watch.2, ioprio_set.2, kcmp.2, link.2, listxattr.2, lseek.2, madvise.2, mkdir.2, mknod.2, mmap.2, mount.2, move_pages.2, msgctl.2, nfsservctl.2, open.2, pivot_root.2, quotactl.2, read.2, readlink.2, removexattr.2, rename.2, rmdir.2, semctl.2, setfsgid.2, setfsuid.2, setresuid.2, setuid.2, setup.2, setxattr.2, shmctl.2, splice.2, spu_create.2, stat.2, statfs.2, swapon.2, symlink.2, sync.2, sync_file_range.2, sysfs.2, truncate.2, umount.2, unlink.2, unshare.2, ustat.2, utime.2, utimensat.2, write.2, btree.3, errno.3, fexecve.3, ftw.3, futimes.3, get_nprocs_conf.3, getcwd.3, getdirentries.3, getmntent.3, glob.3, mkfifo.3, mq_open.3, readdir.3, realpath.3, recno.3, remove.3, sem_open.3, shm_open.3, statvfs.3, sysconf.3, telldir.3, tmpfile.3, cciss.4, initrd.4, pts.4, sk98lin.4, vcs.4, core.5, filesystems.5, proc.5, boot.7, bootparam.7, capabilities.7, cpuset.7, credentials.7, feature_test_macros.7, fifo.7, hier.7, inotify.7, intro.7, mq_overview.7, path_resolution.7, pipe.7, sem_overview.7, shm_overview.7, spufs.7, symlink.7, unix.7, uri.7, sync.8: Global fix: s/file system/filesystem/
Notwithstanding 24d01c530c5a3f75217543d02bf6712395e5f90c,
"filesystem" is the form used by the great majority of man pages
outside the man-pages project and in a number of other sources,
so let's go with that.
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2013-08-08 08:07:57 +00:00
|
|
|
is executed; afterward the "real" root filesystem is mounted,
|
|
|
|
and the initrd filesystem is moved over to
|
2013-06-08 03:17:34 +00:00
|
|
|
.IR /initrd ;
|
|
|
|
finally
|
|
|
|
the usual boot sequence (e.g., invocation of
|
|
|
|
.IR /sbin/init )
|
|
|
|
is performed.
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2013-06-08 03:17:34 +00:00
|
|
|
For a detailed description of the initrd feature, see the kernel source file
|
|
|
|
.IR Documentation/initrd.txt .
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2007-12-16 16:12:44 +00:00
|
|
|
The 'noinitrd' option tells the kernel that although it was compiled for
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
operation with initrd, it should not go through the above steps, but
|
|
|
|
leave the initrd data under
|
|
|
|
.IR /dev/initrd .
|
2005-07-06 07:41:37 +00:00
|
|
|
(This device can be used only once: the data is freed as soon as
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
the last process that used it has closed
|
|
|
|
.IR /dev/initrd .)
|
intro.1, time.1, _syscall.2, accept.2, capget.2, clone.2, execve.2, fcntl.2, intro.2, ioctl_list.2, ioprio_set.2, kill.2, mlock.2, nanosleep.2, perf_event_open.2, select.2, stat.2, times.2, ustat.2, vfork.2, wait.2, cfree.3, dbopen.3, dlopen.3, fenv.3, fmtmsg.3, gamma.3, getaddrinfo.3, gethostbyname.3, getnameinfo.3, getspnam.3, login.3, printf.3, regex.3, stdio.3, sysconf.3, termios.3, ttyslot.3, undocumented.3, wordexp.3, console_codes.4, initrd.4, mouse.4, random.4, st.4, tty_ioctl.4, wavelan.4, charmap.5, dir_colors.5, hosts.5, termcap.5, armscii-8.7, boot.7, bootparam.7, capabilities.7, charsets.7, ddp.7, futex.7, glob.7, ipv6.7, iso_8859-1.7, iso_8859-10.7, iso_8859-11.7, iso_8859-13.7, iso_8859-14.7, iso_8859-15.7, iso_8859-16.7, iso_8859-2.7, iso_8859-3.7, iso_8859-4.7, iso_8859-5.7, iso_8859-6.7, iso_8859-7.7, iso_8859-8.7, iso_8859-9.7, koi8-r.7, koi8-u.7, man.7, numa.7, path_resolution.7, pipe.7, posixoptions.7, pthreads.7, pty.7, rtnetlink.7, signal.7, time.7, udp.7, udplite.7, unicode.7, uri.7, utf-8.7: G;lobal fix: remove unneeded double quotes in .SS headings
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2013-02-24 18:02:18 +00:00
|
|
|
.SS Boot arguments for SCSI devices
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
General notation for this section:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.I iobase
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
-- the first I/O port that the SCSI host occupies.
|
|
|
|
These are specified in hexadecimal notation,
|
|
|
|
and usually lie in the range from 0x200 to 0x3ff.
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.I irq
|
|
|
|
-- the hardware interrupt that the card is configured to use.
|
|
|
|
Valid values will be dependent on the card in question, but will
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
usually be 5, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, and 15.
|
|
|
|
The other values are usually
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
used for common peripherals like IDE hard disks, floppies, serial
|
2012-05-06 20:12:14 +00:00
|
|
|
ports, and so on.
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.I scsi-id
|
|
|
|
-- the ID that the host adapter uses to identify itself on the
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
SCSI bus.
|
|
|
|
Only some host adapters allow you to change this value, as
|
|
|
|
most have it permanently specified internally.
|
|
|
|
The usual default value
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
is 7, but the Seagate and Future Domain TMC-950 boards use 6.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.I parity
|
|
|
|
-- whether the SCSI host adapter expects the attached devices
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
to supply a parity value with all information exchanges.
|
|
|
|
Specifying a one indicates parity checking is enabled,
|
|
|
|
and a zero disables parity checking.
|
|
|
|
Again, not all adapters will support selection of parity
|
2007-06-08 09:56:56 +00:00
|
|
|
behavior as a boot argument.
|
2007-06-15 06:27:14 +00:00
|
|
|
.TP
|
2007-12-16 16:12:44 +00:00
|
|
|
.B "'max_scsi_luns=...'"
|
ioctl_list.2, mount.2, select_tut.2, stat.2, getifaddrs.3, pthread_cleanup_push_defer_np.3, pthread_getcpuclockid.3, proc.5, bootparam.7: Global fix: s/sub-/sub/
The tendency in English, as prescribed in style guides like
Chicago MoS, is towards removing hyphens after prefixes
like "sub-" etc.
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2010-01-16 17:36:10 +00:00
|
|
|
A SCSI device can have a number of 'subdevices' contained within
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
itself.
|
|
|
|
The most common example is one of the new SCSI CD-ROMs that
|
|
|
|
handle more than one disk at a time.
|
|
|
|
Each CD is addressed as a
|
2008-01-30 09:43:13 +00:00
|
|
|
\&'Logical Unit Number' (LUN) of that particular device.
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
But most
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
devices, such as hard disks, tape drives and such are only one device,
|
|
|
|
and will be assigned to LUN zero.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Some poorly designed SCSI devices cannot handle being probed for
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
LUNs not equal to zero.
|
2008-03-19 08:43:21 +00:00
|
|
|
Therefore, if the compile-time flag
|
2007-12-16 16:12:44 +00:00
|
|
|
.B CONFIG_SCSI_MULTI_LUN
|
2015-01-28 09:35:16 +00:00
|
|
|
is not set, newer kernels will by default probe only LUN zero.
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
To specify the number of probed LUNs at boot, one enters
|
2008-01-30 09:43:13 +00:00
|
|
|
\&'max_scsi_luns=n' as a boot arg, where n is a number between one and
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
eight.
|
|
|
|
To avoid problems as described above, one would use n=1 to
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
avoid upsetting such broken devices.
|
2007-06-15 06:27:14 +00:00
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.B "SCSI tape configuration"
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
Some boot time configuration of the SCSI tape driver can be achieved
|
|
|
|
by using the following:
|
2013-06-12 12:17:51 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.in +4n
|
|
|
|
.nf
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.BI st= buf_size[,write_threshold[,max_bufs]]
|
2013-06-12 12:17:51 +00:00
|
|
|
.fi
|
|
|
|
.in
|
2007-06-15 06:27:14 +00:00
|
|
|
.sp
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
The first two numbers are specified in units of kB.
|
|
|
|
The default
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.I buf_size
|
|
|
|
is 32kB, and the maximum size that can be specified is a
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
ridiculous 16384kB.
|
|
|
|
The
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.I write_threshold
|
|
|
|
is the value at which the buffer is committed to tape, with a
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
default value of 30kB.
|
|
|
|
The maximum number of buffers varies
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
with the number of drives detected, and has a default of two.
|
|
|
|
An example usage would be:
|
2013-06-12 12:17:51 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.in +4n
|
|
|
|
.nf
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
st=32,30,2
|
2013-06-12 12:17:51 +00:00
|
|
|
.fi
|
|
|
|
.in
|
2007-06-15 06:27:14 +00:00
|
|
|
.IP
|
2007-10-03 06:09:15 +00:00
|
|
|
Full details can be found in the file
|
|
|
|
.I Documentation/scsi/st.txt
|
|
|
|
(or
|
|
|
|
.I drivers/scsi/README.st
|
bdflush.2, get_robust_list.2, kexec_load.2, madvise.2, mmap.2, mount.2, prctl.2, query_module.2, rt_sigqueueinfo.2, shmget.2, sigaction.2, syscalls.2, umount.2, malloc.3, hpsa.4, initrd.4, proc.5, bootparam.7, icmp.7, netlink.7, signal.7: Global fix: use "Linux kernel source" consistently
Rather than "kernel source".
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2012-09-24 08:02:34 +00:00
|
|
|
for older kernels) in the Linux kernel source.
|
intro.1, time.1, _syscall.2, accept.2, capget.2, clone.2, execve.2, fcntl.2, intro.2, ioctl_list.2, ioprio_set.2, kill.2, mlock.2, nanosleep.2, perf_event_open.2, select.2, stat.2, times.2, ustat.2, vfork.2, wait.2, cfree.3, dbopen.3, dlopen.3, fenv.3, fmtmsg.3, gamma.3, getaddrinfo.3, gethostbyname.3, getnameinfo.3, getspnam.3, login.3, printf.3, regex.3, stdio.3, sysconf.3, termios.3, ttyslot.3, undocumented.3, wordexp.3, console_codes.4, initrd.4, mouse.4, random.4, st.4, tty_ioctl.4, wavelan.4, charmap.5, dir_colors.5, hosts.5, termcap.5, armscii-8.7, boot.7, bootparam.7, capabilities.7, charsets.7, ddp.7, futex.7, glob.7, ipv6.7, iso_8859-1.7, iso_8859-10.7, iso_8859-11.7, iso_8859-13.7, iso_8859-14.7, iso_8859-15.7, iso_8859-16.7, iso_8859-2.7, iso_8859-3.7, iso_8859-4.7, iso_8859-5.7, iso_8859-6.7, iso_8859-7.7, iso_8859-8.7, iso_8859-9.7, koi8-r.7, koi8-u.7, man.7, numa.7, path_resolution.7, pipe.7, posixoptions.7, pthreads.7, pty.7, rtnetlink.7, signal.7, time.7, udp.7, udplite.7, unicode.7, uri.7, utf-8.7: G;lobal fix: remove unneeded double quotes in .SS headings
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2013-02-24 18:02:18 +00:00
|
|
|
.SS Hard disks
|
2007-06-15 06:27:14 +00:00
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.B "IDE Disk/CD-ROM Driver Parameters"
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
The IDE driver accepts a number of parameters, which range from disk
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
geometry specifications, to support for broken controller chips.
|
2007-12-25 20:50:22 +00:00
|
|
|
Drive-specific options are specified by using 'hdX=' with X in 'a'-'h'.
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2007-12-25 20:50:22 +00:00
|
|
|
Non-drive-specific options are specified with the prefix 'hd='.
|
|
|
|
Note that using a drive-specific prefix for a non-drive-specific option
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
will still work, and the option will just be applied as expected.
|
|
|
|
|
2007-12-16 16:12:44 +00:00
|
|
|
Also note that 'hd=' can be used to refer to the next unspecified
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
drive in the (a, ..., h) sequence.
|
|
|
|
For the following discussions,
|
2007-12-16 16:12:44 +00:00
|
|
|
the 'hd=' option will be cited for brevity.
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
See the file
|
2015-04-24 08:18:10 +00:00
|
|
|
.I Documentation/ide/ide.txt
|
2007-10-03 06:09:15 +00:00
|
|
|
(or
|
2015-04-24 08:18:10 +00:00
|
|
|
.I Documentation/ide.txt
|
|
|
|
.\" Linux 2.0, 2.2, 2.4
|
|
|
|
in older kernels, or
|
2007-10-03 06:09:15 +00:00
|
|
|
.I drivers/block/README.ide
|
2015-04-24 08:18:10 +00:00
|
|
|
in ancient kernels) in the Linux kernel source for more details.
|
2007-06-15 06:27:14 +00:00
|
|
|
.TP
|
2007-12-16 16:12:44 +00:00
|
|
|
.B "The 'hd=cyls,heads,sects[,wpcom[,irq]]' options"
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
These options are used to specify the physical geometry of the disk.
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
Only the first three values are required.
|
|
|
|
The cylinder/head/sectors
|
|
|
|
values will be those used by fdisk.
|
|
|
|
The write precompensation value
|
|
|
|
is ignored for IDE disks.
|
|
|
|
The IRQ value specified will be the IRQ
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
used for the interface that the drive resides on, and is not really a
|
2007-12-25 20:50:22 +00:00
|
|
|
drive-specific parameter.
|
2007-06-15 06:27:14 +00:00
|
|
|
.TP
|
2007-12-16 16:12:44 +00:00
|
|
|
.B "The 'hd=serialize' option"
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
The dual IDE interface CMD-640 chip is broken as designed such that
|
|
|
|
when drives on the secondary interface are used at the same time as
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
drives on the primary interface, it will corrupt your data.
|
|
|
|
Using this
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
option tells the driver to make sure that both interfaces are never
|
|
|
|
used at the same time.
|
2007-06-15 06:27:14 +00:00
|
|
|
.TP
|
2007-12-16 16:12:44 +00:00
|
|
|
.B "The 'hd=noprobe' option"
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
Do not probe for this drive.
|
|
|
|
For example,
|
2013-06-12 12:17:51 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.in +4n
|
|
|
|
.nf
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
hdb=noprobe hdb=1166,7,17
|
2013-06-12 12:17:51 +00:00
|
|
|
.fi
|
|
|
|
.in
|
2007-06-15 06:27:14 +00:00
|
|
|
.IP
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
would disable the probe, but still specify the drive geometry so
|
|
|
|
that it would be registered as a valid block device, and hence
|
|
|
|
usable.
|
2007-06-15 06:27:14 +00:00
|
|
|
.TP
|
2007-12-16 16:12:44 +00:00
|
|
|
.B "The 'hd=nowerr' option"
|
|
|
|
Some drives apparently have the
|
|
|
|
.B WRERR_STAT
|
|
|
|
bit stuck on permanently.
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
This enables a work-around for these broken devices.
|
2007-06-15 06:27:14 +00:00
|
|
|
.TP
|
2007-12-16 16:12:44 +00:00
|
|
|
.B "The 'hd=cdrom' option"
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
This tells the IDE driver that there is an ATAPI compatible CD-ROM
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
attached in place of a normal IDE hard disk.
|
|
|
|
In most cases the CD-ROM
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
is identified automatically, but if it isn't then this may help.
|
2007-06-15 06:27:14 +00:00
|
|
|
.TP
|
2007-12-16 16:12:44 +00:00
|
|
|
.B "Standard ST-506 Disk Driver Options ('hd=')"
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
The standard disk driver can accept geometry arguments for the disks
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
similar to the IDE driver.
|
intro.1, _syscall.2, access.2, arch_prctl.2, cacheflush.2, chown.2, clock_getres.2, clone.2, create_module.2, fcntl.2, flock.2, get_kernel_syms.2, get_robust_list.2, get_thread_area.2, getcpu.2, getpriority.2, getrlimit.2, getrusage.2, ioprio_set.2, kexec_load.2, madvise.2, mbind.2, migrate_pages.2, mknod.2, mmap.2, mount.2, move_pages.2, mprotect.2, open.2, pause.2, pciconfig_read.2, perf_event_open.2, prctl.2, ptrace.2, query_module.2, read.2, reboot.2, recv.2, s390_runtime_instr.2, sched_setscheduler.2, select_tut.2, send.2, set_mempolicy.2, setfsgid.2, setfsuid.2, sigaction.2, spu_create.2, spu_run.2, stime.2, swapon.2, syslog.2, timer_create.2, timer_getoverrun.2, times.2, tkill.2, umount.2, unimplemented.2, ustat.2, vm86.2, wait.2, abs.3, aio_read.3, aio_write.3, bsd_signal.3, catgets.3, clearenv.3, cmsg.3, dbopen.3, dirfd.3, dlopen.3, exec.3, fenv.3, ferror.3, fmemopen.3, fnmatch.3, fopen.3, futimes.3, getaddrinfo.3, getifaddrs.3, getipnodebyname.3, hsearch.3, if_nameindex.3, inet_pton.3, mblen.3, mbrlen.3, mbsrtowcs.3, mbtowc.3, mcheck.3, memfrob.3, mq_notify.3, netlink.3, posix_memalign.3, printf.3, pthread_attr_setscope.3, pthread_cleanup_push.3, pthread_kill_other_threads_np.3, pthread_self.3, pthread_setcancelstate.3, pthread_setconcurrency.3, raise.3, resolver.3, rpc.3, rtime.3, rtnetlink.3, scanf.3, setbuf.3, setnetgrent.3, shm_open.3, sigpause.3, sigset.3, sigwait.3, sockatmark.3, strcasecmp.3, strcmp.3, strdup.3, strftime.3, strptime.3, strsignal.3, strverscmp.3, sysv_signal.3, termios.3, wcrtomb.3, wcsnlen.3, wcsnrtombs.3, wcsrtombs.3, wctomb.3, wprintf.3, console_codes.4, cpuid.4, msr.4, rtc.4, sk98lin.4, st.4, tty.4, charmap.5, core.5, elf.5, hosts.equiv.5, proc.5, resolv.conf.5, services.5, slabinfo.5, arp.7, bootparam.7, capabilities.7, charsets.7, cpuset.7, ddp.7, epoll.7, feature_test_macros.7, futex.7, hier.7, icmp.7, inotify.7, ip.7, ipv6.7, man-pages.7, mdoc.7, mdoc.samples.7, netdevice.7, netlink.7, numa.7, packet.7, path_resolution.7, posixoptions.7, pthreads.7, raw.7, rtld-audit.7, rtnetlink.7, sem_overview.7, sigevent.7, socket.7, spufs.7, tcp.7, udp.7, unicode.7, uri.7, utf-8.7, intro.8, ldconfig.8, sync.8: Global fix: fix placement of word "only"
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2013-03-31 08:53:00 +00:00
|
|
|
Note however that it expects only three
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
values (C/H/S); any more or any less and it will silently ignore you.
|
intro.1, _syscall.2, access.2, arch_prctl.2, cacheflush.2, chown.2, clock_getres.2, clone.2, create_module.2, fcntl.2, flock.2, get_kernel_syms.2, get_robust_list.2, get_thread_area.2, getcpu.2, getpriority.2, getrlimit.2, getrusage.2, ioprio_set.2, kexec_load.2, madvise.2, mbind.2, migrate_pages.2, mknod.2, mmap.2, mount.2, move_pages.2, mprotect.2, open.2, pause.2, pciconfig_read.2, perf_event_open.2, prctl.2, ptrace.2, query_module.2, read.2, reboot.2, recv.2, s390_runtime_instr.2, sched_setscheduler.2, select_tut.2, send.2, set_mempolicy.2, setfsgid.2, setfsuid.2, sigaction.2, spu_create.2, spu_run.2, stime.2, swapon.2, syslog.2, timer_create.2, timer_getoverrun.2, times.2, tkill.2, umount.2, unimplemented.2, ustat.2, vm86.2, wait.2, abs.3, aio_read.3, aio_write.3, bsd_signal.3, catgets.3, clearenv.3, cmsg.3, dbopen.3, dirfd.3, dlopen.3, exec.3, fenv.3, ferror.3, fmemopen.3, fnmatch.3, fopen.3, futimes.3, getaddrinfo.3, getifaddrs.3, getipnodebyname.3, hsearch.3, if_nameindex.3, inet_pton.3, mblen.3, mbrlen.3, mbsrtowcs.3, mbtowc.3, mcheck.3, memfrob.3, mq_notify.3, netlink.3, posix_memalign.3, printf.3, pthread_attr_setscope.3, pthread_cleanup_push.3, pthread_kill_other_threads_np.3, pthread_self.3, pthread_setcancelstate.3, pthread_setconcurrency.3, raise.3, resolver.3, rpc.3, rtime.3, rtnetlink.3, scanf.3, setbuf.3, setnetgrent.3, shm_open.3, sigpause.3, sigset.3, sigwait.3, sockatmark.3, strcasecmp.3, strcmp.3, strdup.3, strftime.3, strptime.3, strsignal.3, strverscmp.3, sysv_signal.3, termios.3, wcrtomb.3, wcsnlen.3, wcsnrtombs.3, wcsrtombs.3, wctomb.3, wprintf.3, console_codes.4, cpuid.4, msr.4, rtc.4, sk98lin.4, st.4, tty.4, charmap.5, core.5, elf.5, hosts.equiv.5, proc.5, resolv.conf.5, services.5, slabinfo.5, arp.7, bootparam.7, capabilities.7, charsets.7, cpuset.7, ddp.7, epoll.7, feature_test_macros.7, futex.7, hier.7, icmp.7, inotify.7, ip.7, ipv6.7, man-pages.7, mdoc.7, mdoc.samples.7, netdevice.7, netlink.7, numa.7, packet.7, path_resolution.7, posixoptions.7, pthreads.7, raw.7, rtld-audit.7, rtnetlink.7, sem_overview.7, sigevent.7, socket.7, spufs.7, tcp.7, udp.7, unicode.7, uri.7, utf-8.7, intro.8, ldconfig.8, sync.8: Global fix: fix placement of word "only"
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2013-03-31 08:53:00 +00:00
|
|
|
Also, it accepts only 'hd=' as an argument, that is, 'hda='
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
and so on are not valid here.
|
|
|
|
The format is as follows:
|
2013-06-12 12:17:51 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.in +4n
|
|
|
|
.nf
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
hd=cyls,heads,sects
|
2013-06-12 12:17:51 +00:00
|
|
|
.fi
|
|
|
|
.in
|
2007-06-15 06:27:14 +00:00
|
|
|
.IP
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
If there are two disks installed, the above is repeated with the
|
|
|
|
geometry parameters of the second disk.
|
intro.1, time.1, _syscall.2, accept.2, capget.2, clone.2, execve.2, fcntl.2, intro.2, ioctl_list.2, ioprio_set.2, kill.2, mlock.2, nanosleep.2, perf_event_open.2, select.2, stat.2, times.2, ustat.2, vfork.2, wait.2, cfree.3, dbopen.3, dlopen.3, fenv.3, fmtmsg.3, gamma.3, getaddrinfo.3, gethostbyname.3, getnameinfo.3, getspnam.3, login.3, printf.3, regex.3, stdio.3, sysconf.3, termios.3, ttyslot.3, undocumented.3, wordexp.3, console_codes.4, initrd.4, mouse.4, random.4, st.4, tty_ioctl.4, wavelan.4, charmap.5, dir_colors.5, hosts.5, termcap.5, armscii-8.7, boot.7, bootparam.7, capabilities.7, charsets.7, ddp.7, futex.7, glob.7, ipv6.7, iso_8859-1.7, iso_8859-10.7, iso_8859-11.7, iso_8859-13.7, iso_8859-14.7, iso_8859-15.7, iso_8859-16.7, iso_8859-2.7, iso_8859-3.7, iso_8859-4.7, iso_8859-5.7, iso_8859-6.7, iso_8859-7.7, iso_8859-8.7, iso_8859-9.7, koi8-r.7, koi8-u.7, man.7, numa.7, path_resolution.7, pipe.7, posixoptions.7, pthreads.7, pty.7, rtnetlink.7, signal.7, time.7, udp.7, udplite.7, unicode.7, uri.7, utf-8.7: G;lobal fix: remove unneeded double quotes in .SS headings
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2013-02-24 18:02:18 +00:00
|
|
|
.SS Ethernet devices
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
Different drivers make use of different parameters, but they all at
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
least share having an IRQ, an I/O port base value, and a name.
|
|
|
|
In its most generic form, it looks something like this:
|
2013-06-12 12:17:51 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.in +4n
|
|
|
|
.nf
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
ether=irq,iobase[,param_1[,...param_8]],name
|
2013-06-12 12:17:51 +00:00
|
|
|
.fi
|
|
|
|
.in
|
|
|
|
|
2010-01-16 16:50:28 +00:00
|
|
|
The first nonnumeric argument is taken as the name.
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
The param_n values (if applicable) usually have different meanings for each
|
|
|
|
different card/driver.
|
|
|
|
Typical param_n values are used to specify
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
things like shared memory address, interface selection, DMA channel
|
|
|
|
and the like.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The most common use of this parameter is to force probing for a second
|
intro.1, _syscall.2, access.2, arch_prctl.2, cacheflush.2, chown.2, clock_getres.2, clone.2, create_module.2, fcntl.2, flock.2, get_kernel_syms.2, get_robust_list.2, get_thread_area.2, getcpu.2, getpriority.2, getrlimit.2, getrusage.2, ioprio_set.2, kexec_load.2, madvise.2, mbind.2, migrate_pages.2, mknod.2, mmap.2, mount.2, move_pages.2, mprotect.2, open.2, pause.2, pciconfig_read.2, perf_event_open.2, prctl.2, ptrace.2, query_module.2, read.2, reboot.2, recv.2, s390_runtime_instr.2, sched_setscheduler.2, select_tut.2, send.2, set_mempolicy.2, setfsgid.2, setfsuid.2, sigaction.2, spu_create.2, spu_run.2, stime.2, swapon.2, syslog.2, timer_create.2, timer_getoverrun.2, times.2, tkill.2, umount.2, unimplemented.2, ustat.2, vm86.2, wait.2, abs.3, aio_read.3, aio_write.3, bsd_signal.3, catgets.3, clearenv.3, cmsg.3, dbopen.3, dirfd.3, dlopen.3, exec.3, fenv.3, ferror.3, fmemopen.3, fnmatch.3, fopen.3, futimes.3, getaddrinfo.3, getifaddrs.3, getipnodebyname.3, hsearch.3, if_nameindex.3, inet_pton.3, mblen.3, mbrlen.3, mbsrtowcs.3, mbtowc.3, mcheck.3, memfrob.3, mq_notify.3, netlink.3, posix_memalign.3, printf.3, pthread_attr_setscope.3, pthread_cleanup_push.3, pthread_kill_other_threads_np.3, pthread_self.3, pthread_setcancelstate.3, pthread_setconcurrency.3, raise.3, resolver.3, rpc.3, rtime.3, rtnetlink.3, scanf.3, setbuf.3, setnetgrent.3, shm_open.3, sigpause.3, sigset.3, sigwait.3, sockatmark.3, strcasecmp.3, strcmp.3, strdup.3, strftime.3, strptime.3, strsignal.3, strverscmp.3, sysv_signal.3, termios.3, wcrtomb.3, wcsnlen.3, wcsnrtombs.3, wcsrtombs.3, wctomb.3, wprintf.3, console_codes.4, cpuid.4, msr.4, rtc.4, sk98lin.4, st.4, tty.4, charmap.5, core.5, elf.5, hosts.equiv.5, proc.5, resolv.conf.5, services.5, slabinfo.5, arp.7, bootparam.7, capabilities.7, charsets.7, cpuset.7, ddp.7, epoll.7, feature_test_macros.7, futex.7, hier.7, icmp.7, inotify.7, ip.7, ipv6.7, man-pages.7, mdoc.7, mdoc.samples.7, netdevice.7, netlink.7, numa.7, packet.7, path_resolution.7, posixoptions.7, pthreads.7, raw.7, rtld-audit.7, rtnetlink.7, sem_overview.7, sigevent.7, socket.7, spufs.7, tcp.7, udp.7, unicode.7, uri.7, utf-8.7, intro.8, ldconfig.8, sync.8: Global fix: fix placement of word "only"
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2013-03-31 08:53:00 +00:00
|
|
|
ethercard, as the default is to probe only for one.
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
This can be accomplished with a simple:
|
2013-06-12 12:17:51 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.in +4n
|
|
|
|
.nf
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
ether=0,0,eth1
|
2013-06-12 12:17:51 +00:00
|
|
|
.fi
|
|
|
|
.in
|
|
|
|
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
Note that the values of zero for the IRQ and I/O base in the above
|
|
|
|
example tell the driver(s) to autoprobe.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The Ethernet-HowTo has extensive documentation on using multiple
|
2007-12-25 20:50:22 +00:00
|
|
|
cards and on the card/driver-specific implementation
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
of the param_n values where used.
|
|
|
|
Interested readers should refer to
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
the section in that document on their particular card.
|
intro.1, time.1, _syscall.2, accept.2, capget.2, clone.2, execve.2, fcntl.2, intro.2, ioctl_list.2, ioprio_set.2, kill.2, mlock.2, nanosleep.2, perf_event_open.2, select.2, stat.2, times.2, ustat.2, vfork.2, wait.2, cfree.3, dbopen.3, dlopen.3, fenv.3, fmtmsg.3, gamma.3, getaddrinfo.3, gethostbyname.3, getnameinfo.3, getspnam.3, login.3, printf.3, regex.3, stdio.3, sysconf.3, termios.3, ttyslot.3, undocumented.3, wordexp.3, console_codes.4, initrd.4, mouse.4, random.4, st.4, tty_ioctl.4, wavelan.4, charmap.5, dir_colors.5, hosts.5, termcap.5, armscii-8.7, boot.7, bootparam.7, capabilities.7, charsets.7, ddp.7, futex.7, glob.7, ipv6.7, iso_8859-1.7, iso_8859-10.7, iso_8859-11.7, iso_8859-13.7, iso_8859-14.7, iso_8859-15.7, iso_8859-16.7, iso_8859-2.7, iso_8859-3.7, iso_8859-4.7, iso_8859-5.7, iso_8859-6.7, iso_8859-7.7, iso_8859-8.7, iso_8859-9.7, koi8-r.7, koi8-u.7, man.7, numa.7, path_resolution.7, pipe.7, posixoptions.7, pthreads.7, pty.7, rtnetlink.7, signal.7, time.7, udp.7, udplite.7, unicode.7, uri.7, utf-8.7: G;lobal fix: remove unneeded double quotes in .SS headings
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2013-02-24 18:02:18 +00:00
|
|
|
.SS The floppy disk driver
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
There are many floppy driver options, and they are all listed in
|
2015-04-24 08:34:32 +00:00
|
|
|
.I Documentation/blockdev/floppy.txt
|
2007-10-03 06:09:15 +00:00
|
|
|
(or
|
2015-04-24 08:34:32 +00:00
|
|
|
.I Documentation/floppy.txt
|
2015-12-06 18:47:22 +00:00
|
|
|
in older kernels, or
|
2007-10-03 06:09:15 +00:00
|
|
|
.I drivers/block/README.fd
|
2015-04-24 08:34:32 +00:00
|
|
|
for ancient kernels) in the Linux kernel source.
|
2015-04-24 08:35:30 +00:00
|
|
|
See that file for the details.
|
intro.1, time.1, _syscall.2, accept.2, capget.2, clone.2, execve.2, fcntl.2, intro.2, ioctl_list.2, ioprio_set.2, kill.2, mlock.2, nanosleep.2, perf_event_open.2, select.2, stat.2, times.2, ustat.2, vfork.2, wait.2, cfree.3, dbopen.3, dlopen.3, fenv.3, fmtmsg.3, gamma.3, getaddrinfo.3, gethostbyname.3, getnameinfo.3, getspnam.3, login.3, printf.3, regex.3, stdio.3, sysconf.3, termios.3, ttyslot.3, undocumented.3, wordexp.3, console_codes.4, initrd.4, mouse.4, random.4, st.4, tty_ioctl.4, wavelan.4, charmap.5, dir_colors.5, hosts.5, termcap.5, armscii-8.7, boot.7, bootparam.7, capabilities.7, charsets.7, ddp.7, futex.7, glob.7, ipv6.7, iso_8859-1.7, iso_8859-10.7, iso_8859-11.7, iso_8859-13.7, iso_8859-14.7, iso_8859-15.7, iso_8859-16.7, iso_8859-2.7, iso_8859-3.7, iso_8859-4.7, iso_8859-5.7, iso_8859-6.7, iso_8859-7.7, iso_8859-8.7, iso_8859-9.7, koi8-r.7, koi8-u.7, man.7, numa.7, path_resolution.7, pipe.7, posixoptions.7, pthreads.7, pty.7, rtnetlink.7, signal.7, time.7, udp.7, udplite.7, unicode.7, uri.7, utf-8.7: G;lobal fix: remove unneeded double quotes in .SS headings
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2013-02-24 18:02:18 +00:00
|
|
|
.SS The sound driver
|
2015-04-24 08:39:15 +00:00
|
|
|
The sound driver can also accept boot arguments to override the compiled-in
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
values.
|
|
|
|
This is not recommended, as it is rather complex.
|
bdflush.2, get_robust_list.2, kexec_load.2, madvise.2, mmap.2, mount.2, prctl.2, query_module.2, rt_sigqueueinfo.2, shmget.2, sigaction.2, syscalls.2, umount.2, malloc.3, hpsa.4, initrd.4, proc.5, bootparam.7, icmp.7, netlink.7, signal.7: Global fix: use "Linux kernel source" consistently
Rather than "kernel source".
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2012-09-24 08:02:34 +00:00
|
|
|
It is described in the Linux kernel source file
|
2007-12-23 07:11:39 +00:00
|
|
|
.IR Documentation/sound/oss/README.OSS
|
|
|
|
.RI ( drivers/sound/Readme.linux
|
|
|
|
in older kernel versions).
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
It accepts
|
2013-06-12 12:17:51 +00:00
|
|
|
a boot argument of the form:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.in +4n
|
|
|
|
.nf
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
sound=device1[,device2[,device3...[,device10]]]
|
2013-06-12 12:17:51 +00:00
|
|
|
.fi
|
|
|
|
.in
|
2007-06-15 06:27:14 +00:00
|
|
|
.IP
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
where each deviceN value is of the following format 0xTaaaId and the
|
|
|
|
bytes are used as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
2005-07-06 07:41:37 +00:00
|
|
|
T \- device type: 1=FM, 2=SB, 3=PAS, 4=GUS, 5=MPU401, 6=SB16,
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
7=SB16-MPU401
|
|
|
|
|
2005-07-06 07:41:37 +00:00
|
|
|
aaa \- I/O address in hex.
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2016-06-30 11:25:18 +00:00
|
|
|
I \- interrupt line in hex (i.e., 10=a, 11=b, ...)
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2005-07-06 07:41:37 +00:00
|
|
|
d \- DMA channel.
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2015-04-24 08:39:15 +00:00
|
|
|
As you can see, it gets pretty messy, and you are better off to compile
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
in your own personal values as recommended.
|
2013-06-12 12:17:51 +00:00
|
|
|
Using a boot argument of
|
2008-01-30 09:43:13 +00:00
|
|
|
\&'sound=0' will disable the sound driver entirely.
|
intro.1, time.1, _syscall.2, accept.2, capget.2, clone.2, execve.2, fcntl.2, intro.2, ioctl_list.2, ioprio_set.2, kill.2, mlock.2, nanosleep.2, perf_event_open.2, select.2, stat.2, times.2, ustat.2, vfork.2, wait.2, cfree.3, dbopen.3, dlopen.3, fenv.3, fmtmsg.3, gamma.3, getaddrinfo.3, gethostbyname.3, getnameinfo.3, getspnam.3, login.3, printf.3, regex.3, stdio.3, sysconf.3, termios.3, ttyslot.3, undocumented.3, wordexp.3, console_codes.4, initrd.4, mouse.4, random.4, st.4, tty_ioctl.4, wavelan.4, charmap.5, dir_colors.5, hosts.5, termcap.5, armscii-8.7, boot.7, bootparam.7, capabilities.7, charsets.7, ddp.7, futex.7, glob.7, ipv6.7, iso_8859-1.7, iso_8859-10.7, iso_8859-11.7, iso_8859-13.7, iso_8859-14.7, iso_8859-15.7, iso_8859-16.7, iso_8859-2.7, iso_8859-3.7, iso_8859-4.7, iso_8859-5.7, iso_8859-6.7, iso_8859-7.7, iso_8859-8.7, iso_8859-9.7, koi8-r.7, koi8-u.7, man.7, numa.7, path_resolution.7, pipe.7, posixoptions.7, pthreads.7, pty.7, rtnetlink.7, signal.7, time.7, udp.7, udplite.7, unicode.7, uri.7, utf-8.7: G;lobal fix: remove unneeded double quotes in .SS headings
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2013-02-24 18:02:18 +00:00
|
|
|
.SS The line printer driver
|
2007-06-15 06:27:14 +00:00
|
|
|
.TP
|
2007-12-16 16:12:44 +00:00
|
|
|
.B "'lp='"
|
2013-06-12 12:17:51 +00:00
|
|
|
.br
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
Syntax:
|
2013-06-12 12:17:51 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.in +4n
|
|
|
|
.nf
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
lp=0
|
|
|
|
lp=auto
|
|
|
|
lp=reset
|
|
|
|
lp=port[,port...]
|
2013-06-12 12:17:51 +00:00
|
|
|
.fi
|
|
|
|
.in
|
2007-06-15 06:27:14 +00:00
|
|
|
.IP
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
You can tell the printer driver what ports to use and what ports not
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
to use.
|
|
|
|
The latter comes in handy if you don't want the printer driver
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
to claim all available parallel ports, so that other drivers
|
2007-06-08 11:56:22 +00:00
|
|
|
(e.g., PLIP, PPA) can use them instead.
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
The format of the argument is multiple port names.
|
|
|
|
For example,
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
lp=none,parport0 would use the first parallel port for lp1, and
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
disable lp0.
|
|
|
|
To disable the printer driver entirely, one can use
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
lp=0.
|
2007-05-16 03:40:19 +00:00
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.\" .SH AUTHORS
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.\" Linus Torvalds (and many others)
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getent.1, intro.1, time.1, _exit.2, _syscall.2, accept.2, access.2, acct.2, adjtimex.2, alarm.2, alloc_hugepages.2, arch_prctl.2, bdflush.2, bind.2, brk.2, cacheflush.2, capget.2, chdir.2, chmod.2, chown.2, chroot.2, clock_getres.2, clock_nanosleep.2, clone.2, close.2, connect.2, create_module.2, delete_module.2, dup.2, epoll_create.2, epoll_ctl.2, epoll_wait.2, eventfd.2, execve.2, exit_group.2, faccessat.2, fchmodat.2, fchownat.2, fcntl.2, flock.2, fork.2, fstatat.2, fsync.2, futex.2, futimesat.2, get_kernel_syms.2, get_robust_list.2, get_thread_area.2, getcpu.2, getdents.2, getdomainname.2, getgid.2, getgroups.2, gethostname.2, getitimer.2, getpagesize.2, getpeername.2, getpid.2, getpriority.2, getresuid.2, getrlimit.2, getrusage.2, getsid.2, getsockname.2, getsockopt.2, gettid.2, gettimeofday.2, getuid.2, getunwind.2, getxattr.2, idle.2, init_module.2, inotify_add_watch.2, inotify_init.2, inotify_rm_watch.2, intro.2, io_cancel.2, io_destroy.2, io_getevents.2, io_setup.2, io_submit.2, ioctl.2, ioctl_list.2, ioperm.2, iopl.2, ioprio_set.2, ipc.2, kcmp.2, kill.2, killpg.2, link.2, linkat.2, listen.2, listxattr.2, llseek.2, lookup_dcookie.2, lseek.2, madvise.2, migrate_pages.2, mincore.2, mkdir.2, mkdirat.2, mknod.2, mknodat.2, mlock.2, mmap.2, mmap2.2, modify_ldt.2, mount.2, move_pages.2, mprotect.2, mq_getsetattr.2, mremap.2, msgctl.2, msgget.2, msgop.2, msync.2, nanosleep.2, nfsservctl.2, nice.2, open.2, openat.2, outb.2, pause.2, pciconfig_read.2, perf_event_open.2, perfmonctl.2, personality.2, pipe.2, pivot_root.2, poll.2, posix_fadvise.2, prctl.2, pread.2, process_vm_readv.2, ptrace.2, query_module.2, quotactl.2, read.2, readahead.2, readdir.2, readlink.2, readlinkat.2, readv.2, reboot.2, recv.2, remap_file_pages.2, removexattr.2, rename.2, renameat.2, rmdir.2, rt_sigqueueinfo.2, sched_get_priority_max.2, sched_rr_get_interval.2, sched_setaffinity.2, sched_setparam.2, sched_setscheduler.2, sched_yield.2, select.2, semctl.2, semget.2, semop.2, send.2, sendfile.2, set_thread_area.2, set_tid_address.2, seteuid.2, setfsgid.2, setfsuid.2, setgid.2, setpgid.2, setresuid.2, setreuid.2, setsid.2, setuid.2, setup.2, setxattr.2, shmctl.2, shmget.2, shmop.2, shutdown.2, sigaction.2, sigaltstack.2, signal.2, signalfd.2, sigpending.2, sigprocmask.2, sigreturn.2, sigsuspend.2, sigwaitinfo.2, socket.2, socketcall.2, socketpair.2, splice.2, stat.2, statfs.2, stime.2, swapon.2, symlink.2, symlinkat.2, sync.2, sync_file_range.2, sysctl.2, sysfs.2, sysinfo.2, syslog.2, tee.2, time.2, timerfd_create.2, times.2, tkill.2, truncate.2, umask.2, umount.2, uname.2, unimplemented.2, unlink.2, unlinkat.2, uselib.2, ustat.2, utime.2, utimensat.2, vfork.2, vhangup.2, vm86.2, vmsplice.2, wait.2, wait4.2, write.2, CPU_SET.3, INFINITY.3, MB_CUR_MAX.3, MB_LEN_MAX.3, __setfpucw.3, a64l.3, abort.3, abs.3, acos.3, acosh.3, addseverity.3, adjtime.3, aio_cancel.3, aio_error.3, aio_fsync.3, aio_read.3, aio_return.3, aio_suspend.3, aio_write.3, alloca.3, argz_add.3, asin.3, asinh.3, asprintf.3, assert.3, assert_perror.3, atan.3, atan2.3, atanh.3, atexit.3, atof.3, atoi.3, backtrace.3, basename.3, bcmp.3, bcopy.3, bindresvport.3, bsd_signal.3, bsearch.3, bstring.3, btowc.3, btree.3, byteorder.3, bzero.3, cabs.3, cacos.3, cacosh.3, canonicalize_file_name.3, carg.3, casin.3, casinh.3, catan.3, catanh.3, catgets.3, catopen.3, cbrt.3, ccos.3, ccosh.3, ceil.3, cerf.3, cexp.3, cexp2.3, cfree.3, cimag.3, clearenv.3, clock.3, clock_getcpuclockid.3, clog.3, clog10.3, clog2.3, closedir.3, cmsg.3, confstr.3, conj.3, copysign.3, cos.3, cosh.3, cpow.3, cproj.3, creal.3, crypt.3, csin.3, csinh.3, csqrt.3, ctan.3, ctanh.3, ctermid.3, ctime.3, daemon.3, dbopen.3, des_crypt.3, difftime.3, dirfd.3, div.3, dl_iterate_phdr.3, dlopen.3, dprintf.3, drand48.3, drand48_r.3, dysize.3, ecvt.3, ecvt_r.3, encrypt.3, end.3, endian.3, envz_add.3, erf.3, erfc.3, err.3, errno.3, error.3, ether_aton.3, euidaccess.3, exec.3, exit.3, exp.3, exp10.3, exp2.3, expm1.3, fabs.3, fclose.3, fcloseall.3, fdim.3, fenv.3, ferror.3, fexecve.3, fflush.3, ffs.3, fgetgrent.3, fgetpwent.3, fgetwc.3, fgetws.3, finite.3, flockfile.3, floor.3, fma.3, fmax.3, fmemopen.3, fmin.3, fmod.3, fmtmsg.3, fnmatch.3, fopen.3, fpathconf.3, fpclassify.3, fpurge.3, fputwc.3, fputws.3, fread.3, frexp.3, fseek.3, fseeko.3, ftime.3, ftok.3, fts.3, ftw.3, futimes.3, fwide.3, gamma.3, gcvt.3, getaddrinfo.3, getaddrinfo_a.3, getauxval.3, getcontext.3, getcwd.3, getdate.3, getdirentries.3, getdtablesize.3, getenv.3, getfsent.3, getgrent.3, getgrent_r.3, getgrnam.3, getgrouplist.3, gethostbyname.3, gethostid.3, getipnodebyname.3, getline.3, getloadavg.3, getlogin.3, getmntent.3, getnameinfo.3, getnetent.3, getnetent_r.3, getopt.3, getpass.3, getprotoent.3, getprotoent_r.3, getpt.3, getpw.3, getpwent.3, getpwent_r.3, getpwnam.3, getrpcent.3, getrpcent_r.3, getrpcport.3, gets.3, getservent.3, getservent_r.3, getspnam.3, getttyent.3, getumask.3, getusershell.3, getutent.3, getw.3, getwchar.3, glob.3, grantpt.3, gsignal.3, hash.3, hsearch.3, hypot.3, iconv.3, iconv_close.3, iconv_open.3, ilogb.3, index.3, inet.3, inet_ntop.3, inet_pton.3, infnan.3, initgroups.3, insque.3, intro.3, isalpha.3, isatty.3, isgreater.3, iswalnum.3, iswalpha.3, iswblank.3, iswcntrl.3, iswctype.3, iswdigit.3, iswgraph.3, iswlower.3, iswprint.3, iswpunct.3, iswspace.3, iswupper.3, iswxdigit.3, j0.3, key_setsecret.3, ldexp.3, lgamma.3, lio_listio.3, localeconv.3, lockf.3, log.3, log10.3, log1p.3, log2.3, logb.3, login.3, longjmp.3, lrint.3, lround.3, lsearch.3, lseek64.3, makecontext.3, makedev.3, malloc.3, malloc_hook.3, mblen.3, mbrlen.3, mbrtowc.3, mbsinit.3, mbsnrtowcs.3, mbsrtowcs.3, mbstowcs.3, mbtowc.3, memccpy.3, memchr.3, memcmp.3, memcpy.3, memfrob.3, memmem.3, memmove.3, mempcpy.3, memset.3, mkdtemp.3, mkfifo.3, mkfifoat.3, mkstemp.3, mktemp.3, modf.3, mpool.3, mq_close.3, mq_getattr.3, mq_notify.3, mq_open.3, mq_receive.3, mq_send.3, mq_unlink.3, mtrace.3, nan.3, netlink.3, nextafter.3, nl_langinfo.3, offsetof.3, on_exit.3, opendir.3, openpty.3, perror.3, popen.3, posix_fallocate.3, posix_memalign.3, posix_openpt.3, pow.3, pow10.3, printf.3, profil.3, program_invocation_name.3, psignal.3, pthread_kill_other_threads_np.3, ptsname.3, putenv.3, putgrent.3, putpwent.3, puts.3, putwchar.3, qecvt.3, qsort.3, queue.3, raise.3, rand.3, random.3, random_r.3, rcmd.3, re_comp.3, readdir.3, realpath.3, recno.3, regex.3, remainder.3, remove.3, remquo.3, resolver.3, rewinddir.3, rexec.3, rint.3, round.3, rpc.3, rpmatch.3, rtime.3, rtnetlink.3, scalb.3, scalbln.3, scandir.3, scandirat.3, scanf.3, seekdir.3, sem_close.3, sem_destroy.3, sem_getvalue.3, sem_init.3, sem_open.3, sem_post.3, sem_unlink.3, sem_wait.3, setaliasent.3, setbuf.3, setenv.3, setjmp.3, setlocale.3, setlogmask.3, setnetgrent.3, shm_open.3, siginterrupt.3, signbit.3, significand.3, sigpause.3, sigqueue.3, sigset.3, sigsetops.3, sigvec.3, sin.3, sincos.3, sinh.3, sleep.3, sockatmark.3, sqrt.3, statvfs.3, stdarg.3, stdin.3, stdio.3, stdio_ext.3, stpcpy.3, stpncpy.3, strcasecmp.3, strcat.3, strchr.3, strcmp.3, strcoll.3, strcpy.3, strdup.3, strerror.3, strfmon.3, strfry.3, strftime.3, string.3, strlen.3, strnlen.3, strpbrk.3, strptime.3, strsep.3, strsignal.3, strspn.3, strstr.3, strtod.3, strtoimax.3, strtok.3, strtol.3, strtoul.3, strverscmp.3, strxfrm.3, swab.3, sysconf.3, syslog.3, system.3, sysv_signal.3, tan.3, tanh.3, tcgetpgrp.3, tcgetsid.3, telldir.3, tempnam.3, termios.3, tgamma.3, timegm.3, timeradd.3, tmpfile.3, tmpnam.3, toascii.3, toupper.3, towctrans.3, towlower.3, towupper.3, trunc.3, tsearch.3, ttyname.3, ttyslot.3, tzset.3, ualarm.3, ulimit.3, ungetwc.3, unlocked_stdio.3, unlockpt.3, updwtmp.3, usleep.3, wcpcpy.3, wcpncpy.3, wcrtomb.3, wcscasecmp.3, wcscat.3, wcschr.3, wcscmp.3, wcscpy.3, wcscspn.3, wcsdup.3, wcslen.3, wcsncasecmp.3, wcsncat.3, wcsncmp.3, wcsncpy.3, wcsnlen.3, wcsnrtombs.3, wcspbrk.3, wcsrchr.3, wcsrtombs.3, wcsspn.3, wcsstr.3, wcstoimax.3, wcstok.3, wcstombs.3, wcswidth.3, wctob.3, wctomb.3, wctrans.3, wctype.3, wcwidth.3, wmemchr.3, wmemcmp.3, wmemcpy.3, wmemmove.3, wmemset.3, wordexp.3, wprintf.3, xcrypt.3, xdr.3, y0.3, cciss.4, console.4, console_codes.4, console_ioctl.4, dsp56k.4, fd.4, full.4, hd.4, hpsa.4, initrd.4, intro.4, lp.4, mem.4, mouse.4, null.4, pts.4, ram.4, random.4, rtc.4, sk98lin.4, st.4, tty.4, ttyS.4, tty_ioctl.4, vcs.4, wavelan.4, acct.5, charmap.5, dir_colors.5, filesystems.5, ftpusers.5, group.5, host.conf.5, hosts.5, hosts.equiv.5, intro.5, issue.5, locale.5, motd.5, networks.5, nologin.5, nscd.conf.5, passwd.5, proc.5, protocols.5, resolv.conf.5, rpc.5, securetty.5, services.5, shells.5, termcap.5, ttytype.5, utmp.5, armscii-8.7, arp.7, ascii.7, bootparam.7, capabilities.7, charsets.7, complex.7, cp1251.7, credentials.7, ddp.7, environ.7, epoll.7, fifo.7, futex.7, glob.7, hier.7, icmp.7, inotify.7, intro.7, ip.7, ipv6.7, iso_8859-1.7, iso_8859-10.7, iso_8859-11.7, iso_8859-13.7, iso_8859-14.7, iso_8859-15.7, iso_8859-16.7, iso_8859-2.7, iso_8859-3.7, iso_8859-4.7, iso_8859-5.7, iso_8859-6.7, iso_8859-7.7, iso_8859-8.7, iso_8859-9.7, koi8-r.7, koi8-u.7, locale.7, mailaddr.7, man.7, mq_overview.7, netdevice.7, netlink.7, numa.7, packet.7, path_resolution.7, pipe.7, posixoptions.7, pthreads.7, pty.7, raw.7, regex.7, rtld-audit.7, rtnetlink.7, sem_overview.7, shm_overview.7, sigevent.7, signal.7, socket.7, standards.7, suffixes.7, svipc.7, tcp.7, termio.7, time.7, udp.7, udplite.7, unicode.7, unix.7, uri.7, utf-8.7, x25.7, nscd.8, sync.8, tzselect.8, zdump.8, zic.8: Global fix: remove unneeded double quotes in .SH headings
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2013-02-24 18:01:36 +00:00
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.SH SEE ALSO
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.BR klogd (8),
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2013-06-08 02:50:50 +00:00
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.BR mount (8)
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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2015-04-24 09:23:20 +00:00
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For up-to-date information, see the kernel source file
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2017-04-20 11:22:12 +00:00
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.IR Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt .
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