2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.\" Copyright 1995 Yggdrasil Computing, Incorporated.
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.\" written by Adam J. Richter (adam@yggdrasil.com),
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.\" with typesetting help from Daniel Quinlan (quinlan@yggdrasil.com).
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remap_file_pages.2, sigaltstack.2, umask.2, wait4.2, basename.3, canonicalize_file_name.3, dlerror.3, dlopen.3, dlsym.3, sockatmark.3, strtok.3: srcfix
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2016-06-17 21:14:08 +00:00
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.\" and Copyright 2003, 2015 Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.\"
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getent.1, _syscall.2, acct.2, adjtimex.2, bdflush.2, brk.2, cacheflush.2, getsid.2, getxattr.2, inotify_add_watch.2, inotify_init.2, inotify_rm_watch.2, ioperm.2, ipc.2, listxattr.2, mlock.2, modify_ldt.2, mremap.2, nanosleep.2, outb.2, perf_event_open.2, ptrace.2, removexattr.2, s390_runtime_instr.2, sched_get_priority_max.2, sched_rr_get_interval.2, sched_setaffinity.2, sched_setparam.2, sched_setscheduler.2, sched_yield.2, setsid.2, setxattr.2, socketcall.2, unimplemented.2, aio_cancel.3, aio_error.3, aio_fsync.3, aio_read.3, aio_return.3, aio_suspend.3, aio_write.3, cfree.3, crypt.3, dlopen.3, encrypt.3, errno.3, fenv.3, ftime.3, ftw.3, getgrent_r.3, getpass.3, getpwent_r.3, getutent.3, hsearch.3, lio_listio.3, lockf.3, login.3, longjmp.3, perror.3, printf.3, scandirat.3, setjmp.3, strfmon.3, strtoimax.3, termios.3, ttyname.3, ualarm.3, updwtmp.3, wcstoimax.3, wordexp.3, console_ioctl.4, dsp56k.4, fd.4, hd.4, intro.4, lp.4, mem.4, null.4, ram.4, rtc.4, sk98lin.4, tty.4, ttyS.4, vcs.4, filesystems.5, group.5, host.conf.5, hosts.5, intro.5, issue.5, motd.5, networks.5, nologin.5, nsswitch.conf.5, passwd.5, proc.5, protocols.5, securetty.5, shells.5, termcap.5, ttytype.5, utmp.5, intro.6, armscii-8.7, ascii.7, bootparam.7, cp1251.7, environ.7, glob.7, intro.7, iso_8859-1.7, iso_8859-10.7, iso_8859-11.7, iso_8859-13.7, iso_8859-14.7, iso_8859-15.7, iso_8859-16.7, iso_8859-2.7, iso_8859-3.7, iso_8859-4.7, iso_8859-5.7, iso_8859-6.7, iso_8859-7.7, iso_8859-8.7, iso_8859-9.7, koi8-r.7, koi8-u.7, posixoptions.7, standards.7, unicode.7, utf-8.7, intro.8: s/GPLv2+_doc_full/GPLv2+_DOC_FULL/
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2013-03-10 09:29:46 +00:00
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.\" %%%LICENSE_START(GPLv2+_DOC_FULL)
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.\" This is free documentation; you can redistribute it and/or
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.\" modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
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.\" published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of
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.\" the License, or (at your option) any later version.
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.\"
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.\" The GNU General Public License's references to "object code"
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.\" and "executables" are to be interpreted as the output of any
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.\" document formatting or typesetting system, including
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.\" intermediate and printed output.
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.\"
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.\" This manual is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
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.\" but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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.\" MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
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.\" GNU General Public License for more details.
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.\"
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.\" You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
|
getent.1, _syscall.2, acct.2, adjtimex.2, bdflush.2, brk.2, cacheflush.2, getsid.2, getxattr.2, inotify_add_watch.2, inotify_init.2, inotify_rm_watch.2, ioperm.2, ipc.2, listxattr.2, mlock.2, modify_ldt.2, mremap.2, nanosleep.2, outb.2, ptrace.2, removexattr.2, sched_get_priority_max.2, sched_rr_get_interval.2, sched_setaffinity.2, sched_setparam.2, sched_setscheduler.2, sched_yield.2, setsid.2, setxattr.2, socketcall.2, unimplemented.2, aio_cancel.3, aio_error.3, aio_fsync.3, aio_read.3, aio_return.3, aio_suspend.3, aio_write.3, cfree.3, crypt.3, dlopen.3, errno.3, fenv.3, ftime.3, ftw.3, getgrent_r.3, getpass.3, getpwent_r.3, getutent.3, hsearch.3, lio_listio.3, login.3, longjmp.3, perror.3, printf.3, scandirat.3, setjmp.3, strfmon.3, strtoimax.3, termios.3, ttyname.3, ualarm.3, wcstoimax.3, wordexp.3, console_ioctl.4, dsp56k.4, fd.4, hd.4, intro.4, lp.4, mem.4, null.4, ram.4, rtc.4, sk98lin.4, tty.4, ttyS.4, vcs.4, charmap.5, filesystems.5, ftpusers.5, gai.conf.5, group.5, host.conf.5, hosts.5, intro.5, issue.5, locale.5, motd.5, networks.5, nologin.5, nscd.conf.5, nss.5, nsswitch.conf.5, passwd.5, proc.5, protocols.5, securetty.5, shells.5, termcap.5, ttytype.5, utmp.5, intro.6, armscii-8.7, ascii.7, bootparam.7, cp1251.7, cpuset.7, environ.7, glob.7, intro.7, iso_8859-1.7, iso_8859-10.7, iso_8859-11.7, iso_8859-13.7, iso_8859-14.7, iso_8859-15.7, iso_8859-16.7, iso_8859-2.7, iso_8859-3.7, iso_8859-4.7, iso_8859-5.7, iso_8859-6.7, iso_8859-7.7, iso_8859-8.7, iso_8859-9.7, koi8-r.7, koi8-u.7, posixoptions.7, standards.7, unicode.7, utf-8.7, intro.8, ldconfig.8, nscd.8: Global fix: Update info in source comments on where to get a copy of the GPL
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2013-03-10 09:28:43 +00:00
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.\" License along with this manual; if not, see
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.\" <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
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getent.1, _syscall.2, acct.2, adjtimex.2, bdflush.2, brk.2, cacheflush.2, getsid.2, getxattr.2, inotify_add_watch.2, inotify_init.2, inotify_rm_watch.2, ioperm.2, ipc.2, listxattr.2, mlock.2, modify_ldt.2, mremap.2, nanosleep.2, outb.2, perf_event_open.2, ptrace.2, removexattr.2, s390_runtime_instr.2, sched_get_priority_max.2, sched_rr_get_interval.2, sched_setaffinity.2, sched_setparam.2, sched_setscheduler.2, sched_yield.2, setsid.2, setxattr.2, socketcall.2, unimplemented.2, aio_cancel.3, aio_error.3, aio_fsync.3, aio_read.3, aio_return.3, aio_suspend.3, aio_write.3, cfree.3, crypt.3, dlopen.3, encrypt.3, errno.3, fenv.3, ftime.3, ftw.3, getgrent_r.3, getpass.3, getpwent_r.3, getutent.3, hsearch.3, lio_listio.3, lockf.3, login.3, longjmp.3, perror.3, printf.3, scandirat.3, setjmp.3, strfmon.3, strtoimax.3, termios.3, ttyname.3, ualarm.3, updwtmp.3, wcstoimax.3, wordexp.3, console_ioctl.4, dsp56k.4, fd.4, hd.4, intro.4, lp.4, mem.4, null.4, ram.4, rtc.4, sk98lin.4, tty.4, ttyS.4, vcs.4, filesystems.5, group.5, host.conf.5, hosts.5, intro.5, issue.5, motd.5, networks.5, nologin.5, nsswitch.conf.5, passwd.5, proc.5, protocols.5, securetty.5, shells.5, termcap.5, ttytype.5, utmp.5, intro.6, armscii-8.7, ascii.7, bootparam.7, cp1251.7, environ.7, glob.7, intro.7, iso_8859-1.7, iso_8859-10.7, iso_8859-11.7, iso_8859-13.7, iso_8859-14.7, iso_8859-15.7, iso_8859-16.7, iso_8859-2.7, iso_8859-3.7, iso_8859-4.7, iso_8859-5.7, iso_8859-6.7, iso_8859-7.7, iso_8859-8.7, iso_8859-9.7, koi8-r.7, koi8-u.7, posixoptions.7, standards.7, unicode.7, utf-8.7, intro.8: Global fix: Add LICENSE_START(GPLv2+_doc_full)
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2013-03-10 09:28:44 +00:00
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.\" %%%LICENSE_END
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.\"
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.\" Modified by David A. Wheeler <dwheeler@dwheeler.com> 2000-11-28.
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.\" Applied patch by Terran Melconian, aeb, 2001-12-14.
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.\" Modified by Hacksaw <hacksaw@hacksaw.org> 2003-03-13.
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.\" Modified by Matt Domsch, 2003-04-09: _init and _fini obsolete
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2007-09-20 06:52:22 +00:00
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.\" Modified by Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> 2003-05-16.
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.\" Modified by Walter Harms: dladdr, dlvsym
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2008-12-05 22:45:53 +00:00
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.\" Modified by Petr Baudis <pasky@suse.cz>, 2008-12-04: dladdr caveat
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.\"
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memusage.1, memusagestat.1, pldd.1, accept.2, adjtimex.2, arch_prctl.2, bdflush.2, bpf.2, close.2, epoll_ctl.2, epoll_wait.2, execve.2, execveat.2, fanotify_init.2, fanotify_mark.2, fcntl.2, fsync.2, get_kernel_syms.2, getdomainname.2, getgroups.2, gethostname.2, getrandom.2, getrlimit.2, getrusage.2, getsid.2, getunwind.2, io_getevents.2, ioctl_fat.2, kexec_load.2, killpg.2, listxattr.2, lseek.2, madvise.2, memfd_create.2, mknod.2, mlock.2, modify_ldt.2, msgctl.2, msgget.2, msgop.2, readlink.2, readv.2, reboot.2, recvmmsg.2, rename.2, request_key.2, restart_syscall.2, sched_setaffinity.2, sched_setattr.2, sched_setparam.2, seccomp.2, select_tut.2, semctl.2, semget.2, semop.2, set_thread_area.2, seteuid.2, setgid.2, setpgid.2, setresuid.2, setreuid.2, setsid.2, setuid.2, shmctl.2, shmget.2, shmop.2, sigaction.2, sigprocmask.2, stat.2, symlink.2, syscall.2, sysctl.2, unlink.2, bindresvport.3, byteorder.3, dlopen.3, endian.3, error.3, ffs.3, fmemopen.3, getcwd.3, getlogin.3, getnetent.3, getprotoent.3, getservent.3, getumask.3, getutent.3, glob.3, isalpha.3, lio_listio.3, login.3, mbsinit.3, mbstowcs.3, mbtowc.3, mkstemp.3, nextup.3, ntp_gettime.3, posix_fallocate.3, posix_spawn.3, pthread_join.3, pthread_rwlockattr_setkind_np.3, random.3, rcmd.3, realpath.3, resolver.3, setjmp.3, setnetgrent.3, sigvec.3, strerror.3, strverscmp.3, system.3, toupper.3, towlower.3, towupper.3, wcstombs.3, wordexp.3, cciss.4, loop.4, mouse.4, random.4, core.5, group.5, hosts.5, resolv.conf.5, ascii.7, environ.7, epoll.7, glob.7, ip.7, mq_overview.7, packet.7, pipe.7, raw.7, sched.7, signal.7, socket.7, symlink.7, ld.so.8, sln.8: tstamp
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2016-10-08 10:53:47 +00:00
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.TH DLOPEN 3 2016-10-08 "Linux" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.SH NAME
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2015-07-16 08:56:05 +00:00
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dlclose, dlopen, dlmopen \-
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open and close a shared object
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.SH SYNOPSIS
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.B #include <dlfcn.h>
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.sp
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2015-03-13 09:47:33 +00:00
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.BI "void *dlopen(const char *" filename ", int " flags );
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.sp
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.BI "int dlclose(void *" handle );
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2007-10-23 14:01:03 +00:00
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.sp
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2015-07-06 13:26:48 +00:00
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.B #define _GNU_SOURCE
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.br
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.B #include <dlfcn.h>
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.sp
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2015-07-09 13:22:09 +00:00
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.BI "void *dlmopen (Lmid_t " lmid ", const char *" filename ", int " flags );
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.sp
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2007-10-23 14:01:03 +00:00
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Link with \fI\-ldl\fP.
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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intro.1, time.1, _syscall.2, accept.2, capget.2, clone.2, execve.2, fcntl.2, intro.2, ioctl_list.2, ioprio_set.2, kill.2, mlock.2, nanosleep.2, perf_event_open.2, select.2, stat.2, times.2, ustat.2, vfork.2, wait.2, cfree.3, dbopen.3, dlopen.3, fenv.3, fmtmsg.3, gamma.3, getaddrinfo.3, gethostbyname.3, getnameinfo.3, getspnam.3, login.3, printf.3, regex.3, stdio.3, sysconf.3, termios.3, ttyslot.3, undocumented.3, wordexp.3, console_codes.4, initrd.4, mouse.4, random.4, st.4, tty_ioctl.4, wavelan.4, charmap.5, dir_colors.5, hosts.5, termcap.5, armscii-8.7, boot.7, bootparam.7, capabilities.7, charsets.7, ddp.7, futex.7, glob.7, ipv6.7, iso_8859-1.7, iso_8859-10.7, iso_8859-11.7, iso_8859-13.7, iso_8859-14.7, iso_8859-15.7, iso_8859-16.7, iso_8859-2.7, iso_8859-3.7, iso_8859-4.7, iso_8859-5.7, iso_8859-6.7, iso_8859-7.7, iso_8859-8.7, iso_8859-9.7, koi8-r.7, koi8-u.7, man.7, numa.7, path_resolution.7, pipe.7, posixoptions.7, pthreads.7, pty.7, rtnetlink.7, signal.7, time.7, udp.7, udplite.7, unicode.7, uri.7, utf-8.7: G;lobal fix: remove unneeded double quotes in .SS headings
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2013-02-24 18:02:18 +00:00
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.SS dlopen()
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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The function
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2005-07-19 16:23:19 +00:00
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.BR dlopen ()
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2015-07-10 18:37:59 +00:00
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loads the dynamic shared object (shared library)
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file named by the null-terminated
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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string
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.I filename
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2015-07-10 18:37:59 +00:00
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and returns an opaque "handle" for the loaded object.
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2015-07-16 15:16:32 +00:00
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This handle is employed with other functions in the dlopen API, such as
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.BR dlsym (3),
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.BR dladdr (3),
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.BR dlinfo (3),
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and
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.BR dlclose ().
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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If
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.I filename
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2015-07-20 14:21:58 +00:00
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.\" FIXME On Solaris, when handle is NULL, we seem to get back
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.\" a handle for (something like) the root of the namespace.
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.\" The point here is that if we do a dlmopen(LM_ID_NEWLM), then
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.\" the filename==NULL case returns a different handle than
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.\" in the initial namespace. But, on glibc, the same handle is
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.\" returned. This is probably a bug in glibc.
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.\"
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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is NULL, then the returned handle is for the main program.
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If
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.I filename
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contains a slash ("/"), then it is interpreted as a (relative
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or absolute) pathname.
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2015-07-10 18:37:59 +00:00
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Otherwise, the dynamic linker searches for the object as follows
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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(see
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.BR ld.so (8)
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for further details):
|
2007-06-15 21:40:11 +00:00
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.IP o 4
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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(ELF only) If the executable file for the calling program
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contains a DT_RPATH tag, and does not contain a DT_RUNPATH tag,
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then the directories listed in the DT_RPATH tag are searched.
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.IP o
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2008-10-27 15:37:21 +00:00
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If, at the time that the program was started, the environment variable
|
2007-09-20 16:26:31 +00:00
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.B LD_LIBRARY_PATH
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2008-10-27 15:37:21 +00:00
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was defined to contain a colon-separated list of directories,
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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then these are searched.
|
2015-07-09 12:15:39 +00:00
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(As a security measure, this variable is ignored for set-user-ID and
|
2005-07-18 14:25:42 +00:00
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set-group-ID programs.)
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.IP o
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(ELF only) If the executable file for the calling program
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contains a DT_RUNPATH tag, then the directories listed in that tag
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are searched.
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.IP o
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The cache file
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2007-09-20 16:26:31 +00:00
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.I /etc/ld.so.cache
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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(maintained by
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.BR ldconfig (8))
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is checked to see whether it contains an entry for
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.IR filename .
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.IP o
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The directories
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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.I /lib
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and
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.I /usr/lib
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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are searched (in that order).
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.PP
|
2015-07-10 18:37:59 +00:00
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If the object specified by
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.I filename
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has dependencies on other shared objects,
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
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then these are also automatically loaded by the dynamic linker
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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using the same rules.
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|
(This process may occur recursively,
|
2015-07-10 18:37:59 +00:00
|
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|
if those objects in turn have dependencies, and so on.)
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.PP
|
2006-01-14 04:29:47 +00:00
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One of the following two values must be included in
|
2015-03-13 09:47:33 +00:00
|
|
|
.IR flags :
|
2006-01-14 04:29:47 +00:00
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.TP
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
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|
.B RTLD_LAZY
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
Perform lazy binding.
|
2016-11-11 08:20:54 +00:00
|
|
|
Resolve symbols only as the code that references them is executed.
|
2006-01-14 04:29:47 +00:00
|
|
|
If the symbol is never referenced, then it is never resolved.
|
intro.1, _syscall.2, access.2, arch_prctl.2, cacheflush.2, chown.2, clock_getres.2, clone.2, create_module.2, fcntl.2, flock.2, get_kernel_syms.2, get_robust_list.2, get_thread_area.2, getcpu.2, getpriority.2, getrlimit.2, getrusage.2, ioprio_set.2, kexec_load.2, madvise.2, mbind.2, migrate_pages.2, mknod.2, mmap.2, mount.2, move_pages.2, mprotect.2, open.2, pause.2, pciconfig_read.2, perf_event_open.2, prctl.2, ptrace.2, query_module.2, read.2, reboot.2, recv.2, s390_runtime_instr.2, sched_setscheduler.2, select_tut.2, send.2, set_mempolicy.2, setfsgid.2, setfsuid.2, sigaction.2, spu_create.2, spu_run.2, stime.2, swapon.2, syslog.2, timer_create.2, timer_getoverrun.2, times.2, tkill.2, umount.2, unimplemented.2, ustat.2, vm86.2, wait.2, abs.3, aio_read.3, aio_write.3, bsd_signal.3, catgets.3, clearenv.3, cmsg.3, dbopen.3, dirfd.3, dlopen.3, exec.3, fenv.3, ferror.3, fmemopen.3, fnmatch.3, fopen.3, futimes.3, getaddrinfo.3, getifaddrs.3, getipnodebyname.3, hsearch.3, if_nameindex.3, inet_pton.3, mblen.3, mbrlen.3, mbsrtowcs.3, mbtowc.3, mcheck.3, memfrob.3, mq_notify.3, netlink.3, posix_memalign.3, printf.3, pthread_attr_setscope.3, pthread_cleanup_push.3, pthread_kill_other_threads_np.3, pthread_self.3, pthread_setcancelstate.3, pthread_setconcurrency.3, raise.3, resolver.3, rpc.3, rtime.3, rtnetlink.3, scanf.3, setbuf.3, setnetgrent.3, shm_open.3, sigpause.3, sigset.3, sigwait.3, sockatmark.3, strcasecmp.3, strcmp.3, strdup.3, strftime.3, strptime.3, strsignal.3, strverscmp.3, sysv_signal.3, termios.3, wcrtomb.3, wcsnlen.3, wcsnrtombs.3, wcsrtombs.3, wctomb.3, wprintf.3, console_codes.4, cpuid.4, msr.4, rtc.4, sk98lin.4, st.4, tty.4, charmap.5, core.5, elf.5, hosts.equiv.5, proc.5, resolv.conf.5, services.5, slabinfo.5, arp.7, bootparam.7, capabilities.7, charsets.7, cpuset.7, ddp.7, epoll.7, feature_test_macros.7, futex.7, hier.7, icmp.7, inotify.7, ip.7, ipv6.7, man-pages.7, mdoc.7, mdoc.samples.7, netdevice.7, netlink.7, numa.7, packet.7, path_resolution.7, posixoptions.7, pthreads.7, raw.7, rtld-audit.7, rtnetlink.7, sem_overview.7, sigevent.7, socket.7, spufs.7, tcp.7, udp.7, unicode.7, uri.7, utf-8.7, intro.8, ldconfig.8, sync.8: Global fix: fix placement of word "only"
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2013-03-31 08:53:00 +00:00
|
|
|
(Lazy binding is performed only for function references;
|
2006-01-14 04:29:47 +00:00
|
|
|
references to variables are always immediately bound when
|
2015-07-10 18:37:59 +00:00
|
|
|
the shared object is loaded.)
|
2015-11-17 09:31:56 +00:00
|
|
|
Since glibc 2.1.1,
|
|
|
|
.\" commit 12b5b6b7f78ea111e89bbf638294a5413c791072
|
|
|
|
this flag is overridden by the effect of the
|
|
|
|
.B LD_BIND_NOW
|
|
|
|
environment variable.
|
2006-01-14 04:29:47 +00:00
|
|
|
.TP
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.B RTLD_NOW
|
2006-01-14 04:29:47 +00:00
|
|
|
If this value is specified, or the environment variable
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.B LD_BIND_NOW
|
mbind.2, rename.2, sched_setscheduler.2, set_mempolicy.2, syslog.2, argz_add.3, dlopen.3, scanf.3, strtod.3, strtok.3, tcgetpgrp.3, hd.4, cpuset.7, regex.7, ld.so.8: Global fix: s/non-empty/nonempty/
The tendency in English, as prescribed in style guides like
Chicago MoS, is towards removing hyphens after prefixes
like "non-" etc.
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2010-01-16 16:41:47 +00:00
|
|
|
is set to a nonempty string,
|
2015-07-10 18:37:59 +00:00
|
|
|
all undefined symbols in the shared object are resolved before
|
2005-07-19 16:23:19 +00:00
|
|
|
.BR dlopen ()
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
returns.
|
|
|
|
If this cannot be done, an error is returned.
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.PP
|
2009-12-31 17:16:00 +00:00
|
|
|
Zero or more of the following values may also be ORed in
|
2015-03-13 09:47:33 +00:00
|
|
|
.IR flags :
|
2006-01-14 04:29:47 +00:00
|
|
|
.TP
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.B RTLD_GLOBAL
|
2015-07-10 18:37:59 +00:00
|
|
|
The symbols defined by this shared object will be
|
2015-07-12 08:51:49 +00:00
|
|
|
made available for symbol resolution of subsequently loaded shared objects.
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
.TP
|
2006-01-14 04:29:47 +00:00
|
|
|
.B RTLD_LOCAL
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
This is the converse of
|
2006-01-14 04:29:47 +00:00
|
|
|
.BR RTLD_GLOBAL ,
|
|
|
|
and the default if neither flag is specified.
|
2015-07-10 18:37:59 +00:00
|
|
|
Symbols defined in this shared object are not made available to resolve
|
|
|
|
references in subsequently loaded shared objects.
|
2006-01-14 04:29:47 +00:00
|
|
|
.TP
|
2006-05-31 22:16:55 +00:00
|
|
|
.BR RTLD_NODELETE " (since glibc 2.2)"
|
2015-07-10 18:37:59 +00:00
|
|
|
Do not unload the shared object during
|
2006-01-14 04:29:47 +00:00
|
|
|
.BR dlclose ().
|
2015-07-10 18:37:59 +00:00
|
|
|
Consequently, the object's static variables are not reinitialized
|
|
|
|
if the object is reloaded with
|
2006-01-14 04:29:47 +00:00
|
|
|
.BR dlopen ()
|
|
|
|
at a later time.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
2006-05-31 22:16:55 +00:00
|
|
|
.BR RTLD_NOLOAD " (since glibc 2.2)"
|
2015-07-10 18:37:59 +00:00
|
|
|
Don't load the shared object.
|
|
|
|
This can be used to test if the object is already resident
|
2006-01-14 04:29:47 +00:00
|
|
|
.RB ( dlopen ()
|
2015-07-10 18:37:59 +00:00
|
|
|
returns NULL if it is not, or the object's handle if it is resident).
|
|
|
|
This flag can also be used to promote the flags on a shared object
|
2006-01-14 04:29:47 +00:00
|
|
|
that is already loaded.
|
2015-07-10 18:37:59 +00:00
|
|
|
For example, a shared object that was previously loaded with
|
2006-01-14 04:29:47 +00:00
|
|
|
.B RTLD_LOCAL
|
close.2, epoll_create.2, epoll_ctl.2, fcntl.2, madvise.2, mmap.2, mremap.2, select_tut.2, setgid.2, setuid.2, syscalls.2, vmsplice.2, dlopen.3, fts.3, getpw.3, stdio.3, fd.4, initrd.4, random.4, sd.4, bootparam.7, capabilities.7, cpuset.7, epoll.7, inotify.7, man.7, socket.7, x25.7: Global fix: s/re-/re/
The tendency in English, as prescribed in style guides like
Chicago MoS, is towards removing hyphens after prefixes
like "re-" etc.
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2010-01-16 17:45:23 +00:00
|
|
|
can be reopened with
|
2006-01-14 04:29:47 +00:00
|
|
|
.BR RTLD_NOLOAD\ |\ RTLD_GLOBAL .
|
|
|
|
.\"
|
2006-01-14 05:14:39 +00:00
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.BR RTLD_DEEPBIND " (since glibc 2.3.4)"
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
.\" Inimitably described by UD in
|
2006-01-15 01:08:56 +00:00
|
|
|
.\" http://sources.redhat.com/ml/libc-hacker/2004-09/msg00083.html.
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
Place the lookup scope of the symbols in this
|
2015-07-10 18:37:59 +00:00
|
|
|
shared object ahead of the global scope.
|
|
|
|
This means that a self-contained object will use
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
its own symbols in preference to global symbols with the same name
|
2015-07-10 18:37:59 +00:00
|
|
|
contained in objects that have already been loaded.
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.PP
|
|
|
|
If
|
|
|
|
.I filename
|
epoll_ctl.2, execve.2, recv.2, timer_create.2, wait.2, argz_add.3, basename.3, dlopen.3, exec.3, fopencookie.3, fts.3, getaddrinfo.3, getcwd.3, gethostbyname.3, getifaddrs.3, getipnodebyname.3, getlogin.3, getnetent.3, getprotoent.3, getrpcent.3, getservent.3, getusershell.3, glob.3, if_nameindex.3, inet_ntop.3, lio_listio.3, mblen.3, mbrlen.3, mbrtowc.3, mbsinit.3, mbsnrtowcs.3, mbsrtowcs.3, mbstowcs.3, mq_notify.3, ptsname.3, realpath.3, setnetgrent.3, sigvec.3, strsignal.3, strtok.3, wcrtomb.3, wcsnrtombs.3, wcsrtombs.3, wcstombs.3, xdr.3: Global fix of "NULL pointer"
Change "NULL pointer: to "NUL " or null pointer".
POSIX uses the term "null pointer", not "NULL pointer".
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2014-01-03 02:01:50 +00:00
|
|
|
is NULL, then the returned handle is for the main program.
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
When given to
|
2005-07-19 16:23:19 +00:00
|
|
|
.BR dlsym (),
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
this handle causes a search for a symbol in the main program,
|
2015-07-10 18:37:59 +00:00
|
|
|
followed by all shared objects loaded at program startup,
|
|
|
|
and then all shared objects loaded by
|
2005-07-19 16:23:19 +00:00
|
|
|
.BR dlopen ()
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
with the flag
|
2005-07-19 15:36:19 +00:00
|
|
|
.BR RTLD_GLOBAL .
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.PP
|
2015-07-10 18:37:59 +00:00
|
|
|
External references in the shared object are resolved using the
|
|
|
|
shared objects in that object's dependency list and any other
|
|
|
|
objects previously opened with the
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.B RTLD_GLOBAL
|
|
|
|
flag.
|
2005-07-06 12:57:38 +00:00
|
|
|
If the executable was linked with the flag "\-rdynamic"
|
|
|
|
(or, synonymously, "\-\-export\-dynamic"),
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
then the global symbols in the executable will also be used
|
2015-07-10 18:37:59 +00:00
|
|
|
to resolve references in a dynamically loaded shared object.
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.PP
|
2015-07-10 18:37:59 +00:00
|
|
|
If the same shared object is loaded again with
|
2005-07-19 16:23:19 +00:00
|
|
|
.BR dlopen (),
|
2015-07-10 18:37:59 +00:00
|
|
|
the same object handle is returned.
|
2015-07-16 08:19:04 +00:00
|
|
|
The dynamic linker maintains reference
|
2015-07-10 18:37:59 +00:00
|
|
|
counts for object handles, so a dynamically loaded shared object is not
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
deallocated until
|
2005-07-19 16:23:19 +00:00
|
|
|
.BR dlclose ()
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
has been called on it as many times as
|
2005-07-19 16:23:19 +00:00
|
|
|
.BR dlopen ()
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
has succeeded on it.
|
2015-07-16 07:38:46 +00:00
|
|
|
Any initialization returns (see below) are called just once.
|
2015-07-16 08:20:18 +00:00
|
|
|
However, a subsequent
|
|
|
|
.BR dlopen ()
|
|
|
|
call that loads the same shared object with
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.B RTLD_NOW
|
2015-07-10 15:20:19 +00:00
|
|
|
may force symbol resolution for a shared object earlier loaded with
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.BR RTLD_LAZY .
|
|
|
|
.PP
|
|
|
|
If
|
2005-07-19 16:23:19 +00:00
|
|
|
.BR dlopen ()
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
fails for any reason, it returns NULL.
|
2015-07-10 15:20:19 +00:00
|
|
|
.\"
|
2015-07-09 13:22:09 +00:00
|
|
|
.SS dlmopen()
|
|
|
|
This function performs the same task as
|
|
|
|
.BR dlopen ()\(emthe
|
|
|
|
.I filename
|
|
|
|
and
|
|
|
|
.I flags
|
2015-07-15 04:58:04 +00:00
|
|
|
arguments, as well as the return value, are the same,
|
|
|
|
except for the differences noted below.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The
|
|
|
|
.BR dlmopen ()
|
|
|
|
function differs from
|
|
|
|
.BR dlopen ()
|
|
|
|
primarily in that it accepts an additional argument,
|
2015-07-09 13:22:09 +00:00
|
|
|
.IR lmid ,
|
2015-07-10 15:20:19 +00:00
|
|
|
that specifies the link-map list (also referred to as a
|
|
|
|
.IR namespace )
|
|
|
|
in which the shared object should be loaded.
|
2015-07-09 13:22:09 +00:00
|
|
|
(By comparison,
|
|
|
|
.BR dlopen ()
|
2015-07-10 15:20:19 +00:00
|
|
|
adds the dynamically loaded shared object to the same namespace as
|
2015-07-09 13:22:09 +00:00
|
|
|
the shared object from which the
|
|
|
|
.BR dlopen ()
|
|
|
|
call is made.)
|
2015-07-10 15:20:19 +00:00
|
|
|
The
|
|
|
|
.I Lmid_t
|
|
|
|
type is an opaque handle that refers to a namespace.
|
2015-07-09 13:22:09 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The
|
|
|
|
.I lmid
|
2015-07-10 15:20:19 +00:00
|
|
|
argument is either the ID of an existing namespace
|
2015-07-09 13:22:09 +00:00
|
|
|
.\" FIXME: Is using dlinfo() RTLD_DI_LMID the right technique?
|
|
|
|
(which can be obtained using the
|
|
|
|
.BR dlinfo (3)
|
|
|
|
.B RTLD_DI_LMID
|
|
|
|
request) or one of the following special values:
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.B LM_ID_BASE
|
2015-07-10 15:20:19 +00:00
|
|
|
Load the shared object in the initial namespace
|
|
|
|
(i.e., the application's namespace).
|
2015-07-09 13:22:09 +00:00
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.B LM_ID_NEWLM
|
2015-07-10 15:20:19 +00:00
|
|
|
Create a new namespace and load the shared object in that namespace.
|
2015-07-16 14:19:26 +00:00
|
|
|
The object must have been correctly linked
|
2015-07-10 15:20:19 +00:00
|
|
|
to reference all of the other shared objects that it requires,
|
|
|
|
since the new namespace is initially empty.
|
2015-07-15 04:58:04 +00:00
|
|
|
.PP
|
|
|
|
If
|
2015-07-24 19:33:23 +00:00
|
|
|
.I filename
|
2015-07-15 04:58:04 +00:00
|
|
|
is NULL, then the only permitted value for
|
|
|
|
.I lmid
|
|
|
|
is
|
|
|
|
.BR LM_ID_BASE .
|
intro.1, time.1, _syscall.2, accept.2, capget.2, clone.2, execve.2, fcntl.2, intro.2, ioctl_list.2, ioprio_set.2, kill.2, mlock.2, nanosleep.2, perf_event_open.2, select.2, stat.2, times.2, ustat.2, vfork.2, wait.2, cfree.3, dbopen.3, dlopen.3, fenv.3, fmtmsg.3, gamma.3, getaddrinfo.3, gethostbyname.3, getnameinfo.3, getspnam.3, login.3, printf.3, regex.3, stdio.3, sysconf.3, termios.3, ttyslot.3, undocumented.3, wordexp.3, console_codes.4, initrd.4, mouse.4, random.4, st.4, tty_ioctl.4, wavelan.4, charmap.5, dir_colors.5, hosts.5, termcap.5, armscii-8.7, boot.7, bootparam.7, capabilities.7, charsets.7, ddp.7, futex.7, glob.7, ipv6.7, iso_8859-1.7, iso_8859-10.7, iso_8859-11.7, iso_8859-13.7, iso_8859-14.7, iso_8859-15.7, iso_8859-16.7, iso_8859-2.7, iso_8859-3.7, iso_8859-4.7, iso_8859-5.7, iso_8859-6.7, iso_8859-7.7, iso_8859-8.7, iso_8859-9.7, koi8-r.7, koi8-u.7, man.7, numa.7, path_resolution.7, pipe.7, posixoptions.7, pthreads.7, pty.7, rtnetlink.7, signal.7, time.7, udp.7, udplite.7, unicode.7, uri.7, utf-8.7: G;lobal fix: remove unneeded double quotes in .SS headings
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2013-02-24 18:02:18 +00:00
|
|
|
.SS dlclose()
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
The function
|
2005-07-19 16:23:19 +00:00
|
|
|
.BR dlclose ()
|
2015-07-10 18:37:59 +00:00
|
|
|
decrements the reference count on the
|
|
|
|
dynamically loaded shared object referred to by
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.IR handle .
|
2015-03-14 20:40:35 +00:00
|
|
|
If the reference count drops to zero,
|
2015-07-10 18:37:59 +00:00
|
|
|
then the object is unloaded.
|
2015-03-14 20:57:22 +00:00
|
|
|
All shared objects that were automatically loaded when
|
|
|
|
.BR dlopen ()
|
|
|
|
was invoked on the object referred to by
|
|
|
|
.I handle
|
|
|
|
are recursively closed in the same manner.
|
2015-07-16 15:02:35 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A successful return from
|
|
|
|
.BR dlclose ()
|
|
|
|
does not guarantee that the symbols associated with
|
|
|
|
.I handle
|
|
|
|
are removed from the caller's address space.
|
|
|
|
In addition to references resulting from explicit
|
|
|
|
.BR dlopen ()
|
|
|
|
calls, a shared object may have been implicitly loaded
|
|
|
|
(and reference counted) because of dependencies in other shared objects.
|
|
|
|
Only when all references have been released can the shared object
|
|
|
|
be removed from the address space.
|
2015-07-16 14:19:26 +00:00
|
|
|
.SH RETURN VALUE
|
|
|
|
On success,
|
|
|
|
.BR dlopen ()
|
|
|
|
and
|
|
|
|
.BR dlmopen ()
|
|
|
|
return a non-NULL handle for the loaded library.
|
|
|
|
On error
|
|
|
|
(file could not be found, was not readable, had the wrong format,
|
|
|
|
or caused errors during loading),
|
|
|
|
these functions return NULL.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
On success,
|
2005-07-19 16:23:19 +00:00
|
|
|
.BR dlclose ()
|
2015-07-16 14:43:04 +00:00
|
|
|
returns 0; on error, it returns a nonzero value.
|
2015-07-16 14:19:26 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Errors from these functions can be diagnosed using
|
|
|
|
.BR dlerror (3).
|
2015-07-06 13:08:37 +00:00
|
|
|
.SH VERSIONS
|
2015-07-16 08:56:05 +00:00
|
|
|
.BR dlopen ()
|
2015-07-06 13:08:37 +00:00
|
|
|
and
|
2015-07-16 08:56:05 +00:00
|
|
|
.BR dlclose ()
|
2015-07-06 13:08:37 +00:00
|
|
|
are present in glibc 2.0 and later.
|
2015-07-09 13:22:09 +00:00
|
|
|
.BR dlmopen ()
|
|
|
|
first appeared in glibc 2.3.4.
|
2015-07-19 12:50:32 +00:00
|
|
|
.SH ATTRIBUTES
|
|
|
|
For an explanation of the terms used in this section, see
|
|
|
|
.BR attributes (7).
|
|
|
|
.TS
|
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|
allbox;
|
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|
lbw30 lb lb
|
|
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|
l l l.
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Interface Attribute Value
|
|
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|
T{
|
|
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|
.BR dlopen (),
|
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|
.BR dlmopen (),
|
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|
.BR dlclose ()
|
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|
T} Thread safety MT-Safe
|
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|
.TE
|
getent.1, intro.1, time.1, _exit.2, _syscall.2, accept.2, access.2, acct.2, adjtimex.2, alarm.2, alloc_hugepages.2, arch_prctl.2, bdflush.2, bind.2, brk.2, cacheflush.2, capget.2, chdir.2, chmod.2, chown.2, chroot.2, clock_getres.2, clock_nanosleep.2, clone.2, close.2, connect.2, create_module.2, delete_module.2, dup.2, epoll_create.2, epoll_ctl.2, epoll_wait.2, eventfd.2, execve.2, exit_group.2, faccessat.2, fchmodat.2, fchownat.2, fcntl.2, flock.2, fork.2, fstatat.2, fsync.2, futex.2, futimesat.2, get_kernel_syms.2, get_robust_list.2, get_thread_area.2, getcpu.2, getdents.2, getdomainname.2, getgid.2, getgroups.2, gethostname.2, getitimer.2, getpagesize.2, getpeername.2, getpid.2, getpriority.2, getresuid.2, getrlimit.2, getrusage.2, getsid.2, getsockname.2, getsockopt.2, gettid.2, gettimeofday.2, getuid.2, getunwind.2, getxattr.2, idle.2, init_module.2, inotify_add_watch.2, inotify_init.2, inotify_rm_watch.2, intro.2, io_cancel.2, io_destroy.2, io_getevents.2, io_setup.2, io_submit.2, ioctl.2, ioctl_list.2, ioperm.2, iopl.2, ioprio_set.2, ipc.2, kcmp.2, kill.2, killpg.2, link.2, linkat.2, listen.2, listxattr.2, llseek.2, lookup_dcookie.2, lseek.2, madvise.2, migrate_pages.2, mincore.2, mkdir.2, mkdirat.2, mknod.2, mknodat.2, mlock.2, mmap.2, mmap2.2, modify_ldt.2, mount.2, move_pages.2, mprotect.2, mq_getsetattr.2, mremap.2, msgctl.2, msgget.2, msgop.2, msync.2, nanosleep.2, nfsservctl.2, nice.2, open.2, openat.2, outb.2, pause.2, pciconfig_read.2, perf_event_open.2, perfmonctl.2, personality.2, pipe.2, pivot_root.2, poll.2, posix_fadvise.2, prctl.2, pread.2, process_vm_readv.2, ptrace.2, query_module.2, quotactl.2, read.2, readahead.2, readdir.2, readlink.2, readlinkat.2, readv.2, reboot.2, recv.2, remap_file_pages.2, removexattr.2, rename.2, renameat.2, rmdir.2, rt_sigqueueinfo.2, sched_get_priority_max.2, sched_rr_get_interval.2, sched_setaffinity.2, sched_setparam.2, sched_setscheduler.2, sched_yield.2, select.2, semctl.2, semget.2, semop.2, send.2, sendfile.2, set_thread_area.2, set_tid_address.2, seteuid.2, setfsgid.2, setfsuid.2, setgid.2, setpgid.2, setresuid.2, setreuid.2, setsid.2, setuid.2, setup.2, setxattr.2, shmctl.2, shmget.2, shmop.2, shutdown.2, sigaction.2, sigaltstack.2, signal.2, signalfd.2, sigpending.2, sigprocmask.2, sigreturn.2, sigsuspend.2, sigwaitinfo.2, socket.2, socketcall.2, socketpair.2, splice.2, stat.2, statfs.2, stime.2, swapon.2, symlink.2, symlinkat.2, sync.2, sync_file_range.2, sysctl.2, sysfs.2, sysinfo.2, syslog.2, tee.2, time.2, timerfd_create.2, times.2, tkill.2, truncate.2, umask.2, umount.2, uname.2, unimplemented.2, unlink.2, unlinkat.2, uselib.2, ustat.2, utime.2, utimensat.2, vfork.2, vhangup.2, vm86.2, vmsplice.2, wait.2, wait4.2, write.2, CPU_SET.3, INFINITY.3, MB_CUR_MAX.3, MB_LEN_MAX.3, __setfpucw.3, a64l.3, abort.3, abs.3, acos.3, acosh.3, addseverity.3, adjtime.3, aio_cancel.3, aio_error.3, aio_fsync.3, aio_read.3, aio_return.3, aio_suspend.3, aio_write.3, alloca.3, argz_add.3, asin.3, asinh.3, asprintf.3, assert.3, assert_perror.3, atan.3, atan2.3, atanh.3, atexit.3, atof.3, atoi.3, backtrace.3, basename.3, bcmp.3, bcopy.3, bindresvport.3, bsd_signal.3, bsearch.3, bstring.3, btowc.3, btree.3, byteorder.3, bzero.3, cabs.3, cacos.3, cacosh.3, canonicalize_file_name.3, carg.3, casin.3, casinh.3, catan.3, catanh.3, catgets.3, catopen.3, cbrt.3, ccos.3, ccosh.3, ceil.3, cerf.3, cexp.3, cexp2.3, cfree.3, cimag.3, clearenv.3, clock.3, clock_getcpuclockid.3, clog.3, clog10.3, clog2.3, closedir.3, cmsg.3, confstr.3, conj.3, copysign.3, cos.3, cosh.3, cpow.3, cproj.3, creal.3, crypt.3, csin.3, csinh.3, csqrt.3, ctan.3, ctanh.3, ctermid.3, ctime.3, daemon.3, dbopen.3, des_crypt.3, difftime.3, dirfd.3, div.3, dl_iterate_phdr.3, dlopen.3, dprintf.3, drand48.3, drand48_r.3, dysize.3, ecvt.3, ecvt_r.3, encrypt.3, end.3, endian.3, envz_add.3, erf.3, erfc.3, err.3, errno.3, error.3, ether_aton.3, euidaccess.3, exec.3, exit.3, exp.3, exp10.3, exp2.3, expm1.3, fabs.3, fclose.3, fcloseall.3, fdim.3, fenv.3, ferror.3, fexecve.3, fflush.3, ffs.3, fgetgrent.3, fgetpwent.3, fgetwc.3, fgetws.3, finite.3, flockfile.3, floor.3, fma.3, fmax.3, fmemopen.3, fmin.3, fmod.3, fmtmsg.3, fnmatch.3, fopen.3, fpathconf.3, fpclassify.3, fpurge.3, fputwc.3, fputws.3, fread.3, frexp.3, fseek.3, fseeko.3, ftime.3, ftok.3, fts.3, ftw.3, futimes.3, fwide.3, gamma.3, gcvt.3, getaddrinfo.3, getaddrinfo_a.3, getauxval.3, getcontext.3, getcwd.3, getdate.3, getdirentries.3, getdtablesize.3, getenv.3, getfsent.3, getgrent.3, getgrent_r.3, getgrnam.3, getgrouplist.3, gethostbyname.3, gethostid.3, getipnodebyname.3, getline.3, getloadavg.3, getlogin.3, getmntent.3, getnameinfo.3, getnetent.3, getnetent_r.3, getopt.3, getpass.3, getprotoent.3, getprotoent_r.3, getpt.3, getpw.3, getpwent.3, getpwent_r.3, getpwnam.3, getrpcent.3, getrpcent_r.3, getrpcport.3, gets.3, getservent.3, getservent_r.3, getspnam.3, getttyent.3, getumask.3, getusershell.3, getutent.3, getw.3, getwchar.3, glob.3, grantpt.3, gsignal.3, hash.3, hsearch.3, hypot.3, iconv.3, iconv_close.3, iconv_open.3, ilogb.3, index.3, inet.3, inet_ntop.3, inet_pton.3, infnan.3, initgroups.3, insque.3, intro.3, isalpha.3, isatty.3, isgreater.3, iswalnum.3, iswalpha.3, iswblank.3, iswcntrl.3, iswctype.3, iswdigit.3, iswgraph.3, iswlower.3, iswprint.3, iswpunct.3, iswspace.3, iswupper.3, iswxdigit.3, j0.3, key_setsecret.3, ldexp.3, lgamma.3, lio_listio.3, localeconv.3, lockf.3, log.3, log10.3, log1p.3, log2.3, logb.3, login.3, longjmp.3, lrint.3, lround.3, lsearch.3, lseek64.3, makecontext.3, makedev.3, malloc.3, malloc_hook.3, mblen.3, mbrlen.3, mbrtowc.3, mbsinit.3, mbsnrtowcs.3, mbsrtowcs.3, mbstowcs.3, mbtowc.3, memccpy.3, memchr.3, memcmp.3, memcpy.3, memfrob.3, memmem.3, memmove.3, mempcpy.3, memset.3, mkdtemp.3, mkfifo.3, mkfifoat.3, mkstemp.3, mktemp.3, modf.3, mpool.3, mq_close.3, mq_getattr.3, mq_notify.3, mq_open.3, mq_receive.3, mq_send.3, mq_unlink.3, mtrace.3, nan.3, netlink.3, nextafter.3, nl_langinfo.3, offsetof.3, on_exit.3, opendir.3, openpty.3, perror.3, popen.3, posix_fallocate.3, posix_memalign.3, posix_openpt.3, pow.3, pow10.3, printf.3, profil.3, program_invocation_name.3, psignal.3, pthread_kill_other_threads_np.3, ptsname.3, putenv.3, putgrent.3, putpwent.3, puts.3, putwchar.3, qecvt.3, qsort.3, queue.3, raise.3, rand.3, random.3, random_r.3, rcmd.3, re_comp.3, readdir.3, realpath.3, recno.3, regex.3, remainder.3, remove.3, remquo.3, resolver.3, rewinddir.3, rexec.3, rint.3, round.3, rpc.3, rpmatch.3, rtime.3, rtnetlink.3, scalb.3, scalbln.3, scandir.3, scandirat.3, scanf.3, seekdir.3, sem_close.3, sem_destroy.3, sem_getvalue.3, sem_init.3, sem_open.3, sem_post.3, sem_unlink.3, sem_wait.3, setaliasent.3, setbuf.3, setenv.3, setjmp.3, setlocale.3, setlogmask.3, setnetgrent.3, shm_open.3, siginterrupt.3, signbit.3, significand.3, sigpause.3, sigqueue.3, sigset.3, sigsetops.3, sigvec.3, sin.3, sincos.3, sinh.3, sleep.3, sockatmark.3, sqrt.3, statvfs.3, stdarg.3, stdin.3, stdio.3, stdio_ext.3, stpcpy.3, stpncpy.3, strcasecmp.3, strcat.3, strchr.3, strcmp.3, strcoll.3, strcpy.3, strdup.3, strerror.3, strfmon.3, strfry.3, strftime.3, string.3, strlen.3, strnlen.3, strpbrk.3, strptime.3, strsep.3, strsignal.3, strspn.3, strstr.3, strtod.3, strtoimax.3, strtok.3, strtol.3, strtoul.3, strverscmp.3, strxfrm.3, swab.3, sysconf.3, syslog.3, system.3, sysv_signal.3, tan.3, tanh.3, tcgetpgrp.3, tcgetsid.3, telldir.3, tempnam.3, termios.3, tgamma.3, timegm.3, timeradd.3, tmpfile.3, tmpnam.3, toascii.3, toupper.3, towctrans.3, towlower.3, towupper.3, trunc.3, tsearch.3, ttyname.3, ttyslot.3, tzset.3, ualarm.3, ulimit.3, ungetwc.3, unlocked_stdio.3, unlockpt.3, updwtmp.3, usleep.3, wcpcpy.3, wcpncpy.3, wcrtomb.3, wcscasecmp.3, wcscat.3, wcschr.3, wcscmp.3, wcscpy.3, wcscspn.3, wcsdup.3, wcslen.3, wcsncasecmp.3, wcsncat.3, wcsncmp.3, wcsncpy.3, wcsnlen.3, wcsnrtombs.3, wcspbrk.3, wcsrchr.3, wcsrtombs.3, wcsspn.3, wcsstr.3, wcstoimax.3, wcstok.3, wcstombs.3, wcswidth.3, wctob.3, wctomb.3, wctrans.3, wctype.3, wcwidth.3, wmemchr.3, wmemcmp.3, wmemcpy.3, wmemmove.3, wmemset.3, wordexp.3, wprintf.3, xcrypt.3, xdr.3, y0.3, cciss.4, console.4, console_codes.4, console_ioctl.4, dsp56k.4, fd.4, full.4, hd.4, hpsa.4, initrd.4, intro.4, lp.4, mem.4, mouse.4, null.4, pts.4, ram.4, random.4, rtc.4, sk98lin.4, st.4, tty.4, ttyS.4, tty_ioctl.4, vcs.4, wavelan.4, acct.5, charmap.5, dir_colors.5, filesystems.5, ftpusers.5, group.5, host.conf.5, hosts.5, hosts.equiv.5, intro.5, issue.5, locale.5, motd.5, networks.5, nologin.5, nscd.conf.5, passwd.5, proc.5, protocols.5, resolv.conf.5, rpc.5, securetty.5, services.5, shells.5, termcap.5, ttytype.5, utmp.5, armscii-8.7, arp.7, ascii.7, bootparam.7, capabilities.7, charsets.7, complex.7, cp1251.7, credentials.7, ddp.7, environ.7, epoll.7, fifo.7, futex.7, glob.7, hier.7, icmp.7, inotify.7, intro.7, ip.7, ipv6.7, iso_8859-1.7, iso_8859-10.7, iso_8859-11.7, iso_8859-13.7, iso_8859-14.7, iso_8859-15.7, iso_8859-16.7, iso_8859-2.7, iso_8859-3.7, iso_8859-4.7, iso_8859-5.7, iso_8859-6.7, iso_8859-7.7, iso_8859-8.7, iso_8859-9.7, koi8-r.7, koi8-u.7, locale.7, mailaddr.7, man.7, mq_overview.7, netdevice.7, netlink.7, numa.7, packet.7, path_resolution.7, pipe.7, posixoptions.7, pthreads.7, pty.7, raw.7, regex.7, rtld-audit.7, rtnetlink.7, sem_overview.7, shm_overview.7, sigevent.7, signal.7, socket.7, standards.7, suffixes.7, svipc.7, tcp.7, termio.7, time.7, udp.7, udplite.7, unicode.7, unix.7, uri.7, utf-8.7, x25.7, nscd.8, sync.8, tzselect.8, zdump.8, zic.8: Global fix: remove unneeded double quotes in .SH headings
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2013-02-24 18:01:36 +00:00
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.SH CONFORMING TO
|
2007-05-19 04:30:20 +00:00
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POSIX.1-2001 describes
|
2015-07-16 08:56:05 +00:00
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.BR dlclose ()
|
2007-05-19 04:30:20 +00:00
|
|
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and
|
2015-07-16 08:07:59 +00:00
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.BR dlopen ().
|
2015-07-06 13:26:48 +00:00
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The
|
2015-07-09 13:22:09 +00:00
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|
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.BR dlmopen ()
|
2015-07-16 08:07:59 +00:00
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function is a GNU extension.
|
2015-07-20 21:59:38 +00:00
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The
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.BR RTLD_NOLOAD ,
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.BR RTLD_NODELETE ,
|
|
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and
|
2015-12-02 13:03:49 +00:00
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|
|
.BR RTLD_DEEPBIND
|
2015-07-20 21:59:38 +00:00
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flags are GNU extensions;
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the first two of these flags are also present on Solaris.
|
2007-05-19 04:30:20 +00:00
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.SH NOTES
|
2015-07-10 15:20:19 +00:00
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.SS dlmopen() and namespaces
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A link-map list defines an isolated namespace for the
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resolution of symbols by the dynamic linker.
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Within a namespace,
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dependent shared objects are implicitly loaded according to the usual rules,
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and symbol references are likewise resolved according to the usual rules,
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but such resolution is confined to the definitions provided by the
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objects that have been (explicitly and implicitly) loaded into the namespace.
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|
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The
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.BR dlmopen ()
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function permits object-load isolation\(emthe ability
|
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to load a shared object in a new namespace without
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exposing the rest of the application to the symbols
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made available by the new object.
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Note that the use of the
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.B RTLD_LOCAL
|
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flag is not sufficient for this purpose,
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since it prevents a shared object's symbols from being available to
|
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.I any
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other shared object.
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In some cases,
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we may want to make the symbols provided by a dynamically
|
2015-07-10 18:37:59 +00:00
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loaded shared object available to (a subset of) other shared objects
|
2015-07-10 15:20:19 +00:00
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without exposing those symbols to the entire application.
|
2015-07-16 14:19:26 +00:00
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This can be achieved by using a separate namespace and the
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.B RTLD_GLOBAL
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flag.
|
2015-07-10 15:20:19 +00:00
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2015-07-24 19:43:36 +00:00
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The
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.BR dlmopen ()
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|
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function also can be used to provide better isolation than the
|
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|
.BR RTLD_LOCAL
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flag.
|
2015-11-17 09:36:03 +00:00
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In particular, shared objects loaded with
|
2015-07-24 19:43:36 +00:00
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.BR RTLD_LOCAL
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may be promoted to
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.BR RTLD_GLOBAL
|
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if they are dependencies of another shared object loaded with
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|
.BR RTLD_GLOBAL .
|
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Thus,
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.BR RTLD_LOCAL
|
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|
|
is insufficient to isolate a loaded shared object except in the (uncommon)
|
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|
case where one has explicit control over all shared object dependencies.
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|
2015-07-10 15:20:19 +00:00
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Possible uses of
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|
|
.BR dlmopen ()
|
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|
|
are plugins where the author of the plugin-loading framework
|
|
|
|
can't trust the plugin authors and does not wish
|
|
|
|
any undefined symbols from the plugin framework to be resolved to plugin
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symbols.
|
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|
Another use is to load the same object more than once.
|
|
|
|
Without the use of
|
2015-07-16 14:19:26 +00:00
|
|
|
.BR dlmopen (),
|
2015-07-10 15:20:19 +00:00
|
|
|
this would require the creation of distinct copies of the shared object file.
|
|
|
|
Using
|
2015-07-16 14:19:26 +00:00
|
|
|
.BR dlmopen (),
|
2015-07-10 15:20:19 +00:00
|
|
|
this can be achieved by loading the same shared object file into
|
|
|
|
different namespaces.
|
2015-07-16 14:19:26 +00:00
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|
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|
|
|
|
The glibc implementation supports a maximum of
|
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|
.\" DL_NNS
|
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16 namespaces.
|
2015-07-10 15:20:19 +00:00
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.\"
|
2015-07-16 07:38:46 +00:00
|
|
|
.SS Initialization and finalization functions
|
|
|
|
Shared objects may export functions using the
|
|
|
|
.B __attribute__((constructor))
|
|
|
|
and
|
|
|
|
.B __attribute__((destructor))
|
|
|
|
function attributes.
|
|
|
|
Constructor functions are executed before
|
|
|
|
.BR dlopen ()
|
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|
|
returns, and destructor functions are executed before
|
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|
|
.BR dlclose ()
|
|
|
|
returns.
|
|
|
|
A shared object may export multiple constructors and destructors,
|
|
|
|
and priorities can be associated with each function
|
|
|
|
to determine the order in which they are executed.
|
|
|
|
See the
|
|
|
|
.BR gcc
|
|
|
|
info pages (under "Function attributes")
|
|
|
|
.\" info gcc "C Extensions" "Function attributes"
|
|
|
|
for further information.
|
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|
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|
|
An older method of (partially) achieving the same result is via the use of
|
|
|
|
two special symbols recognized by the linker:
|
2015-07-16 07:14:01 +00:00
|
|
|
.B _init
|
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|
|
and
|
|
|
|
.BR _fini .
|
|
|
|
If a dynamically loaded shared object exports a routine named
|
|
|
|
.BR _init (),
|
2015-07-16 07:38:46 +00:00
|
|
|
then that code is executed after loading a shared object, before
|
2015-07-16 07:14:01 +00:00
|
|
|
.BR dlopen ()
|
|
|
|
returns.
|
|
|
|
If the shared object exports a routine named
|
|
|
|
.BR _fini (),
|
|
|
|
then that routine is called just before the object is unloaded.
|
2015-07-16 07:38:46 +00:00
|
|
|
In this case, one must avoid linking against the system startup files,
|
|
|
|
which contain default versions of these files;
|
2015-07-16 07:14:01 +00:00
|
|
|
this can be done by using the
|
|
|
|
.BR gcc (1)
|
|
|
|
.I \-nostartfiles
|
|
|
|
command-line option.
|
|
|
|
.LP
|
2015-07-16 07:38:46 +00:00
|
|
|
Use of
|
|
|
|
.B _init
|
2015-07-16 07:14:01 +00:00
|
|
|
and
|
2015-07-16 07:38:46 +00:00
|
|
|
.BR _fini
|
|
|
|
is now deprecated in favor of the aforementioned
|
|
|
|
constructors and destructors,
|
|
|
|
which among other advantages,
|
|
|
|
permit multiple initialization and finalization functions to be defined.
|
|
|
|
.\"
|
|
|
|
.\" Using these routines, or the gcc
|
|
|
|
.\" .B \-nostartfiles
|
|
|
|
.\" or
|
|
|
|
.\" .B \-nostdlib
|
|
|
|
.\" options, is not recommended.
|
|
|
|
.\" Their use may result in undesired behavior,
|
|
|
|
.\" since the constructor/destructor routines will not be executed
|
|
|
|
.\" (unless special measures are taken).
|
|
|
|
.\" .\" void _init(void) __attribute__((constructor));
|
|
|
|
.\" .\" void _fini(void) __attribute__((destructor));
|
2015-07-16 07:14:01 +00:00
|
|
|
.\"
|
2015-07-19 12:08:35 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Since glibc 2.2.3,
|
|
|
|
.BR atexit (3)
|
|
|
|
can be used to register an exit handler that is automatically
|
|
|
|
called when a shared object is unloaded.
|
2007-05-19 04:30:20 +00:00
|
|
|
.SS History
|
2015-07-16 08:07:59 +00:00
|
|
|
These functions are part of the dlopen API, derived from SunOS.
|
2016-08-07 19:14:33 +00:00
|
|
|
.SH BUGS
|
2016-09-21 08:13:44 +00:00
|
|
|
As at glibc 2.24, specifying the
|
2016-08-07 19:14:33 +00:00
|
|
|
.BR RTLD_GLOBAL
|
|
|
|
flag when calling
|
|
|
|
.BR dlmopen ()
|
|
|
|
.\" dlerror(): "invalid mode"
|
|
|
|
generates an error.
|
|
|
|
Furthermore, specifying
|
|
|
|
.BR RTLD_GLOBAL
|
|
|
|
when calling
|
|
|
|
.BR dlopen ()
|
|
|
|
results in a program crash
|
|
|
|
.RB ( SIGSEGV )
|
|
|
|
if the call is made from any object loaded in a
|
|
|
|
namespace other than the initial namespace.
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.SH EXAMPLE
|
2015-12-05 07:11:10 +00:00
|
|
|
The program below loads the (glibc) math library,
|
|
|
|
looks up the address of the
|
|
|
|
.BR cos (3)
|
|
|
|
function, and prints the cosine of 2.0.
|
|
|
|
The following is an example of building and running the program:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.in +4n
|
|
|
|
.nf
|
|
|
|
$ \fBcc dlopen_demo.c \-ldl\fP
|
|
|
|
$ \fB./a.out\fP
|
|
|
|
\-0.416147
|
|
|
|
.fi
|
|
|
|
.in
|
|
|
|
.SS Program source
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.nf
|
2006-02-09 20:24:53 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
#include <stdio.h>
|
2006-12-04 03:47:56 +00:00
|
|
|
#include <stdlib.h>
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
#include <dlfcn.h>
|
2015-12-05 07:00:25 +00:00
|
|
|
#include <gnu/lib-names.h> /* Defines LIBM_SO (which will be a
|
|
|
|
string such as "libm.so.6") */
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
int
|
2015-12-05 07:10:40 +00:00
|
|
|
main(void)
|
2007-04-05 12:36:57 +00:00
|
|
|
{
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
void *handle;
|
|
|
|
double (*cosine)(double);
|
|
|
|
char *error;
|
|
|
|
|
2015-12-05 07:00:25 +00:00
|
|
|
handle = dlopen(LIBM_SO, RTLD_LAZY);
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
if (!handle) {
|
time.1, atexit.3, bsearch.3, dlopen.3, envz_add.3, errno.3, fmtmsg.3, getgrent_r.3, getline.3, getmntent.3, getnameinfo.3, getpass.3, getpwent_r.3, gets.3, isalpha.3, printf.3, puts.3, recno.3, scandir.3, stdarg.3, sysconf.3, termios.3, wordexp.3, null.4, core.5, dir_colors.5, issue.5, proc.5, termcap.5, utmp.5, ascii.7, cpuset.7, glob.7, man-pages.7, man.7, mdoc.7, mdoc.samples.7, regex.7: Revert 9f8e673e623d (whose global s%\\e%\\\\% caused problems)
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2012-09-26 21:56:54 +00:00
|
|
|
fprintf(stderr, "%s\en", dlerror());
|
2007-05-14 21:11:42 +00:00
|
|
|
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
dlerror(); /* Clear any existing error */
|
2007-06-17 15:23:37 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2014-01-02 01:38:53 +00:00
|
|
|
cosine = (double (*)(double)) dlsym(handle, "cos");
|
2007-06-17 15:23:37 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2014-01-02 09:34:20 +00:00
|
|
|
/* According to the ISO C standard, casting between function
|
2014-01-02 20:58:37 +00:00
|
|
|
pointers and 'void *', as done above, produces undefined results.
|
|
|
|
POSIX.1-2003 and POSIX.1-2008 accepted this state of affairs and
|
|
|
|
proposed the following workaround:
|
2014-01-02 01:38:53 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*(void **) (&cosine) = dlsym(handle, "cos");
|
|
|
|
|
2014-01-02 20:58:37 +00:00
|
|
|
This (clumsy) cast conforms with the ISO C standard and will
|
|
|
|
avoid any compiler warnings.
|
2014-01-02 01:38:53 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2014-01-02 09:34:20 +00:00
|
|
|
The 2013 Technical Corrigendum to POSIX.1-2008 (a.k.a.
|
|
|
|
POSIX.1-2013) improved matters by requiring that conforming
|
|
|
|
implementations support casting 'void *' to a function pointer.
|
|
|
|
Nevertheless, some compilers (e.g., gcc with the '-pedantic'
|
|
|
|
option) may complain about the cast used in this program. */
|
|
|
|
.\" http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/functions/dlsym.html#tag_03_112_08
|
|
|
|
.\" http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/dlsym.html#tag_16_96_07
|
2014-01-02 10:14:28 +00:00
|
|
|
.\" http://austingroupbugs.net/view.php?id=74
|
2007-06-17 15:23:37 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2013-12-30 07:53:19 +00:00
|
|
|
error = dlerror();
|
2014-01-05 01:59:13 +00:00
|
|
|
if (error != NULL) {
|
time.1, atexit.3, bsearch.3, dlopen.3, envz_add.3, errno.3, fmtmsg.3, getgrent_r.3, getline.3, getmntent.3, getnameinfo.3, getpass.3, getpwent_r.3, gets.3, isalpha.3, printf.3, puts.3, recno.3, scandir.3, stdarg.3, sysconf.3, termios.3, wordexp.3, null.4, core.5, dir_colors.5, issue.5, proc.5, termcap.5, utmp.5, ascii.7, cpuset.7, glob.7, man-pages.7, man.7, mdoc.7, mdoc.samples.7, regex.7: Revert 9f8e673e623d (whose global s%\\e%\\\\% caused problems)
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2012-09-26 21:56:54 +00:00
|
|
|
fprintf(stderr, "%s\en", error);
|
2007-05-14 21:11:42 +00:00
|
|
|
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
time.1, atexit.3, bsearch.3, dlopen.3, envz_add.3, errno.3, fmtmsg.3, getgrent_r.3, getline.3, getmntent.3, getnameinfo.3, getpass.3, getpwent_r.3, gets.3, isalpha.3, printf.3, puts.3, recno.3, scandir.3, stdarg.3, sysconf.3, termios.3, wordexp.3, null.4, core.5, dir_colors.5, issue.5, proc.5, termcap.5, utmp.5, ascii.7, cpuset.7, glob.7, man-pages.7, man.7, mdoc.7, mdoc.samples.7, regex.7: Revert 9f8e673e623d (whose global s%\\e%\\\\% caused problems)
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2012-09-26 21:56:54 +00:00
|
|
|
printf("%f\en", (*cosine)(2.0));
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
dlclose(handle);
|
2007-05-16 02:09:09 +00:00
|
|
|
exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
.fi
|
getent.1, intro.1, time.1, _exit.2, _syscall.2, accept.2, access.2, acct.2, adjtimex.2, alarm.2, alloc_hugepages.2, arch_prctl.2, bdflush.2, bind.2, brk.2, cacheflush.2, capget.2, chdir.2, chmod.2, chown.2, chroot.2, clock_getres.2, clock_nanosleep.2, clone.2, close.2, connect.2, create_module.2, delete_module.2, dup.2, epoll_create.2, epoll_ctl.2, epoll_wait.2, eventfd.2, execve.2, exit_group.2, faccessat.2, fchmodat.2, fchownat.2, fcntl.2, flock.2, fork.2, fstatat.2, fsync.2, futex.2, futimesat.2, get_kernel_syms.2, get_robust_list.2, get_thread_area.2, getcpu.2, getdents.2, getdomainname.2, getgid.2, getgroups.2, gethostname.2, getitimer.2, getpagesize.2, getpeername.2, getpid.2, getpriority.2, getresuid.2, getrlimit.2, getrusage.2, getsid.2, getsockname.2, getsockopt.2, gettid.2, gettimeofday.2, getuid.2, getunwind.2, getxattr.2, idle.2, init_module.2, inotify_add_watch.2, inotify_init.2, inotify_rm_watch.2, intro.2, io_cancel.2, io_destroy.2, io_getevents.2, io_setup.2, io_submit.2, ioctl.2, ioctl_list.2, ioperm.2, iopl.2, ioprio_set.2, ipc.2, kcmp.2, kill.2, killpg.2, link.2, linkat.2, listen.2, listxattr.2, llseek.2, lookup_dcookie.2, lseek.2, madvise.2, migrate_pages.2, mincore.2, mkdir.2, mkdirat.2, mknod.2, mknodat.2, mlock.2, mmap.2, mmap2.2, modify_ldt.2, mount.2, move_pages.2, mprotect.2, mq_getsetattr.2, mremap.2, msgctl.2, msgget.2, msgop.2, msync.2, nanosleep.2, nfsservctl.2, nice.2, open.2, openat.2, outb.2, pause.2, pciconfig_read.2, perf_event_open.2, perfmonctl.2, personality.2, pipe.2, pivot_root.2, poll.2, posix_fadvise.2, prctl.2, pread.2, process_vm_readv.2, ptrace.2, query_module.2, quotactl.2, read.2, readahead.2, readdir.2, readlink.2, readlinkat.2, readv.2, reboot.2, recv.2, remap_file_pages.2, removexattr.2, rename.2, renameat.2, rmdir.2, rt_sigqueueinfo.2, sched_get_priority_max.2, sched_rr_get_interval.2, sched_setaffinity.2, sched_setparam.2, sched_setscheduler.2, sched_yield.2, select.2, semctl.2, semget.2, semop.2, send.2, sendfile.2, set_thread_area.2, set_tid_address.2, seteuid.2, setfsgid.2, setfsuid.2, setgid.2, setpgid.2, setresuid.2, setreuid.2, setsid.2, setuid.2, setup.2, setxattr.2, shmctl.2, shmget.2, shmop.2, shutdown.2, sigaction.2, sigaltstack.2, signal.2, signalfd.2, sigpending.2, sigprocmask.2, sigreturn.2, sigsuspend.2, sigwaitinfo.2, socket.2, socketcall.2, socketpair.2, splice.2, stat.2, statfs.2, stime.2, swapon.2, symlink.2, symlinkat.2, sync.2, sync_file_range.2, sysctl.2, sysfs.2, sysinfo.2, syslog.2, tee.2, time.2, timerfd_create.2, times.2, tkill.2, truncate.2, umask.2, umount.2, uname.2, unimplemented.2, unlink.2, unlinkat.2, uselib.2, ustat.2, utime.2, utimensat.2, vfork.2, vhangup.2, vm86.2, vmsplice.2, wait.2, wait4.2, write.2, CPU_SET.3, INFINITY.3, MB_CUR_MAX.3, MB_LEN_MAX.3, __setfpucw.3, a64l.3, abort.3, abs.3, acos.3, acosh.3, addseverity.3, adjtime.3, aio_cancel.3, aio_error.3, aio_fsync.3, aio_read.3, aio_return.3, aio_suspend.3, aio_write.3, alloca.3, argz_add.3, asin.3, asinh.3, asprintf.3, assert.3, assert_perror.3, atan.3, atan2.3, atanh.3, atexit.3, atof.3, atoi.3, backtrace.3, basename.3, bcmp.3, bcopy.3, bindresvport.3, bsd_signal.3, bsearch.3, bstring.3, btowc.3, btree.3, byteorder.3, bzero.3, cabs.3, cacos.3, cacosh.3, canonicalize_file_name.3, carg.3, casin.3, casinh.3, catan.3, catanh.3, catgets.3, catopen.3, cbrt.3, ccos.3, ccosh.3, ceil.3, cerf.3, cexp.3, cexp2.3, cfree.3, cimag.3, clearenv.3, clock.3, clock_getcpuclockid.3, clog.3, clog10.3, clog2.3, closedir.3, cmsg.3, confstr.3, conj.3, copysign.3, cos.3, cosh.3, cpow.3, cproj.3, creal.3, crypt.3, csin.3, csinh.3, csqrt.3, ctan.3, ctanh.3, ctermid.3, ctime.3, daemon.3, dbopen.3, des_crypt.3, difftime.3, dirfd.3, div.3, dl_iterate_phdr.3, dlopen.3, dprintf.3, drand48.3, drand48_r.3, dysize.3, ecvt.3, ecvt_r.3, encrypt.3, end.3, endian.3, envz_add.3, erf.3, erfc.3, err.3, errno.3, error.3, ether_aton.3, euidaccess.3, exec.3, exit.3, exp.3, exp10.3, exp2.3, expm1.3, fabs.3, fclose.3, fcloseall.3, fdim.3, fenv.3, ferror.3, fexecve.3, fflush.3, ffs.3, fgetgrent.3, fgetpwent.3, fgetwc.3, fgetws.3, finite.3, flockfile.3, floor.3, fma.3, fmax.3, fmemopen.3, fmin.3, fmod.3, fmtmsg.3, fnmatch.3, fopen.3, fpathconf.3, fpclassify.3, fpurge.3, fputwc.3, fputws.3, fread.3, frexp.3, fseek.3, fseeko.3, ftime.3, ftok.3, fts.3, ftw.3, futimes.3, fwide.3, gamma.3, gcvt.3, getaddrinfo.3, getaddrinfo_a.3, getauxval.3, getcontext.3, getcwd.3, getdate.3, getdirentries.3, getdtablesize.3, getenv.3, getfsent.3, getgrent.3, getgrent_r.3, getgrnam.3, getgrouplist.3, gethostbyname.3, gethostid.3, getipnodebyname.3, getline.3, getloadavg.3, getlogin.3, getmntent.3, getnameinfo.3, getnetent.3, getnetent_r.3, getopt.3, getpass.3, getprotoent.3, getprotoent_r.3, getpt.3, getpw.3, getpwent.3, getpwent_r.3, getpwnam.3, getrpcent.3, getrpcent_r.3, getrpcport.3, gets.3, getservent.3, getservent_r.3, getspnam.3, getttyent.3, getumask.3, getusershell.3, getutent.3, getw.3, getwchar.3, glob.3, grantpt.3, gsignal.3, hash.3, hsearch.3, hypot.3, iconv.3, iconv_close.3, iconv_open.3, ilogb.3, index.3, inet.3, inet_ntop.3, inet_pton.3, infnan.3, initgroups.3, insque.3, intro.3, isalpha.3, isatty.3, isgreater.3, iswalnum.3, iswalpha.3, iswblank.3, iswcntrl.3, iswctype.3, iswdigit.3, iswgraph.3, iswlower.3, iswprint.3, iswpunct.3, iswspace.3, iswupper.3, iswxdigit.3, j0.3, key_setsecret.3, ldexp.3, lgamma.3, lio_listio.3, localeconv.3, lockf.3, log.3, log10.3, log1p.3, log2.3, logb.3, login.3, longjmp.3, lrint.3, lround.3, lsearch.3, lseek64.3, makecontext.3, makedev.3, malloc.3, malloc_hook.3, mblen.3, mbrlen.3, mbrtowc.3, mbsinit.3, mbsnrtowcs.3, mbsrtowcs.3, mbstowcs.3, mbtowc.3, memccpy.3, memchr.3, memcmp.3, memcpy.3, memfrob.3, memmem.3, memmove.3, mempcpy.3, memset.3, mkdtemp.3, mkfifo.3, mkfifoat.3, mkstemp.3, mktemp.3, modf.3, mpool.3, mq_close.3, mq_getattr.3, mq_notify.3, mq_open.3, mq_receive.3, mq_send.3, mq_unlink.3, mtrace.3, nan.3, netlink.3, nextafter.3, nl_langinfo.3, offsetof.3, on_exit.3, opendir.3, openpty.3, perror.3, popen.3, posix_fallocate.3, posix_memalign.3, posix_openpt.3, pow.3, pow10.3, printf.3, profil.3, program_invocation_name.3, psignal.3, pthread_kill_other_threads_np.3, ptsname.3, putenv.3, putgrent.3, putpwent.3, puts.3, putwchar.3, qecvt.3, qsort.3, queue.3, raise.3, rand.3, random.3, random_r.3, rcmd.3, re_comp.3, readdir.3, realpath.3, recno.3, regex.3, remainder.3, remove.3, remquo.3, resolver.3, rewinddir.3, rexec.3, rint.3, round.3, rpc.3, rpmatch.3, rtime.3, rtnetlink.3, scalb.3, scalbln.3, scandir.3, scandirat.3, scanf.3, seekdir.3, sem_close.3, sem_destroy.3, sem_getvalue.3, sem_init.3, sem_open.3, sem_post.3, sem_unlink.3, sem_wait.3, setaliasent.3, setbuf.3, setenv.3, setjmp.3, setlocale.3, setlogmask.3, setnetgrent.3, shm_open.3, siginterrupt.3, signbit.3, significand.3, sigpause.3, sigqueue.3, sigset.3, sigsetops.3, sigvec.3, sin.3, sincos.3, sinh.3, sleep.3, sockatmark.3, sqrt.3, statvfs.3, stdarg.3, stdin.3, stdio.3, stdio_ext.3, stpcpy.3, stpncpy.3, strcasecmp.3, strcat.3, strchr.3, strcmp.3, strcoll.3, strcpy.3, strdup.3, strerror.3, strfmon.3, strfry.3, strftime.3, string.3, strlen.3, strnlen.3, strpbrk.3, strptime.3, strsep.3, strsignal.3, strspn.3, strstr.3, strtod.3, strtoimax.3, strtok.3, strtol.3, strtoul.3, strverscmp.3, strxfrm.3, swab.3, sysconf.3, syslog.3, system.3, sysv_signal.3, tan.3, tanh.3, tcgetpgrp.3, tcgetsid.3, telldir.3, tempnam.3, termios.3, tgamma.3, timegm.3, timeradd.3, tmpfile.3, tmpnam.3, toascii.3, toupper.3, towctrans.3, towlower.3, towupper.3, trunc.3, tsearch.3, ttyname.3, ttyslot.3, tzset.3, ualarm.3, ulimit.3, ungetwc.3, unlocked_stdio.3, unlockpt.3, updwtmp.3, usleep.3, wcpcpy.3, wcpncpy.3, wcrtomb.3, wcscasecmp.3, wcscat.3, wcschr.3, wcscmp.3, wcscpy.3, wcscspn.3, wcsdup.3, wcslen.3, wcsncasecmp.3, wcsncat.3, wcsncmp.3, wcsncpy.3, wcsnlen.3, wcsnrtombs.3, wcspbrk.3, wcsrchr.3, wcsrtombs.3, wcsspn.3, wcsstr.3, wcstoimax.3, wcstok.3, wcstombs.3, wcswidth.3, wctob.3, wctomb.3, wctrans.3, wctype.3, wcwidth.3, wmemchr.3, wmemcmp.3, wmemcpy.3, wmemmove.3, wmemset.3, wordexp.3, wprintf.3, xcrypt.3, xdr.3, y0.3, cciss.4, console.4, console_codes.4, console_ioctl.4, dsp56k.4, fd.4, full.4, hd.4, hpsa.4, initrd.4, intro.4, lp.4, mem.4, mouse.4, null.4, pts.4, ram.4, random.4, rtc.4, sk98lin.4, st.4, tty.4, ttyS.4, tty_ioctl.4, vcs.4, wavelan.4, acct.5, charmap.5, dir_colors.5, filesystems.5, ftpusers.5, group.5, host.conf.5, hosts.5, hosts.equiv.5, intro.5, issue.5, locale.5, motd.5, networks.5, nologin.5, nscd.conf.5, passwd.5, proc.5, protocols.5, resolv.conf.5, rpc.5, securetty.5, services.5, shells.5, termcap.5, ttytype.5, utmp.5, armscii-8.7, arp.7, ascii.7, bootparam.7, capabilities.7, charsets.7, complex.7, cp1251.7, credentials.7, ddp.7, environ.7, epoll.7, fifo.7, futex.7, glob.7, hier.7, icmp.7, inotify.7, intro.7, ip.7, ipv6.7, iso_8859-1.7, iso_8859-10.7, iso_8859-11.7, iso_8859-13.7, iso_8859-14.7, iso_8859-15.7, iso_8859-16.7, iso_8859-2.7, iso_8859-3.7, iso_8859-4.7, iso_8859-5.7, iso_8859-6.7, iso_8859-7.7, iso_8859-8.7, iso_8859-9.7, koi8-r.7, koi8-u.7, locale.7, mailaddr.7, man.7, mq_overview.7, netdevice.7, netlink.7, numa.7, packet.7, path_resolution.7, pipe.7, posixoptions.7, pthreads.7, pty.7, raw.7, regex.7, rtld-audit.7, rtnetlink.7, sem_overview.7, shm_overview.7, sigevent.7, signal.7, socket.7, standards.7, suffixes.7, svipc.7, tcp.7, termio.7, time.7, udp.7, udplite.7, unicode.7, unix.7, uri.7, utf-8.7, x25.7, nscd.8, sync.8, tzselect.8, zdump.8, zic.8: Global fix: remove unneeded double quotes in .SH headings
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2013-02-24 18:01:36 +00:00
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.SH SEE ALSO
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.BR ld (1),
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.BR ldd (1),
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2014-06-09 10:20:08 +00:00
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.BR pldd (1),
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.BR dl_iterate_phdr (3),
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2015-07-06 14:09:50 +00:00
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.BR dladdr (3),
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2015-07-16 08:56:05 +00:00
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.BR dlerror (3),
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2015-07-07 12:38:43 +00:00
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.BR dlinfo (3),
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2015-07-16 08:07:59 +00:00
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.BR dlsym (3),
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2009-01-12 19:47:47 +00:00
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.BR rtld-audit (7),
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.BR ld.so (8),
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arch_prctl.2, fcntl.2, flock.2, get_robust_list.2, getpriority.2, ioprio_set.2, migrate_pages.2, mmap.2, mremap.2, msync.2, sched_get_priority_max.2, sched_rr_get_interval.2, sched_setparam.2, sched_setscheduler.2, sched_yield.2, select.2, socket.2, subpage_prot.2, unshare.2, btree.3, dbopen.3, dl_iterate_phdr.3, dlopen.3, getnameinfo.3, hash.3, lockf.3, netlink.3, recno.3, rpc.3, xdr.3, cciss.4, console_ioctl.4, hpsa.4, initrd.4, msr.4, rtc.4, st.4, hosts.5, services.5, tzfile.5, aio.7, arp.7, capabilities.7, cpuset.7, feature_test_macros.7, futex.7, inotify.7, ip.7, ipv6.7, iso_8859-16.7, iso_8859-2.7, koi8-r.7, math_error.7, netlink.7, packet.7, pthreads.7, raw.7, spufs.7, udplite.7, uri.7, x25.7: Global fix: Various consistency fixes for SEE ALSO
Coauthored-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2012-09-24 07:53:22 +00:00
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.BR ldconfig (8)
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2015-07-16 07:00:12 +00:00
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gcc info pages, ld info pages
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