2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.\" This manpage is Copyright (C) 1992 Drew Eckhardt;
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_exit.2, access.2, alarm.2, close.2, link.2, mkdir.2, mknod.2, open.2, read.2, rename.2, rmdir.2, s390_runtime_instr.2, symlink.2, unlink.2, write.2, remove.3, charsets.7: srcfix: Tidy copyright notices
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2013-03-16 08:39:00 +00:00
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.\" and Copyright (C) 1993 Michael Haardt, Ian Jackson.
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2014-02-21 06:56:59 +00:00
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.\" and Copyright (C) 2004, 2006, 2007, 2014 Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.\"
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intro.1, _exit.2, access.2, alarm.2, alloc_hugepages.2, arch_prctl.2, bind.2, chdir.2, chmod.2, chown.2, chroot.2, clock_getres.2, clock_nanosleep.2, close.2, connect.2, delete_module.2, dup.2, execve.2, exit_group.2, faccessat.2, fchmodat.2, fchownat.2, fcntl.2, fork.2, fstatat.2, fsync.2, futimesat.2, get_robust_list.2, getdents.2, getdomainname.2, getgid.2, getgroups.2, gethostname.2, getpagesize.2, getpid.2, getresuid.2, getrlimit.2, getrusage.2, gettid.2, gettimeofday.2, getuid.2, getunwind.2, idle.2, init_module.2, intro.2, iopl.2, kcmp.2, kexec_load.2, kill.2, link.2, linkat.2, llseek.2, lookup_dcookie.2, madvise.2, mincore.2, mkdirat.2, mknodat.2, mmap.2, mmap2.2, mount.2, mprotect.2, mq_getsetattr.2, msgctl.2, msgget.2, msgop.2, msync.2, nice.2, open.2, openat.2, pause.2, perfmonctl.2, personality.2, pipe.2, poll.2, posix_fadvise.2, prctl.2, pread.2, process_vm_readv.2, quotactl.2, read.2, readahead.2, readdir.2, readlinkat.2, readv.2, reboot.2, recvmmsg.2, remap_file_pages.2, rename.2, renameat.2, rmdir.2, rt_sigqueueinfo.2, select.2, select_tut.2, semctl.2, semget.2, semop.2, sendmmsg.2, set_tid_address.2, seteuid.2, setfsgid.2, setfsuid.2, setgid.2, setresuid.2, setuid.2, setup.2, sgetmask.2, shmctl.2, shmget.2, shmop.2, sigaction.2, sigaltstack.2, signal.2, sigpending.2, sigprocmask.2, sigreturn.2, sigsuspend.2, sigwaitinfo.2, splice.2, stat.2, statfs.2, stime.2, subpage_prot.2, swapon.2, symlink.2, symlinkat.2, sync.2, sync_file_range.2, syscalls.2, sysctl.2, sysfs.2, syslog.2, tee.2, time.2, timer_create.2, timer_delete.2, timer_getoverrun.2, timer_settime.2, times.2, tkill.2, umask.2, umount.2, uname.2, unlink.2, unlinkat.2, uselib.2, ustat.2, utime.2, utimensat.2, vfork.2, vhangup.2, vm86.2, vmsplice.2, wait.2, wait4.2, write.2, CPU_SET.3, INFINITY.3, abort.3, abs.3, acos.3, acosh.3, adjtime.3, aio_init.3, asin.3, asinh.3, asprintf.3, assert.3, assert_perror.3, atan.3, atan2.3, atanh.3, atexit.3, atof.3, atoi.3, basename.3, bcmp.3, bcopy.3, bindresvport.3, bsd_signal.3, bsearch.3, bstring.3, byteorder.3, bzero.3, catgets.3, catopen.3, cbrt.3, ceil.3, clearenv.3, clock.3, clock_getcpuclockid.3, closedir.3, confstr.3, copysign.3, cos.3, cosh.3, ctermid.3, ctime.3, difftime.3, dirfd.3, div.3, dl_iterate_phdr.3, dprintf.3, drand48.3, drand48_r.3, dysize.3, ecvt.3, ecvt_r.3, end.3, endian.3, erf.3, erfc.3, ether_aton.3, euidaccess.3, exit.3, exp.3, exp10.3, exp2.3, expm1.3, fabs.3, fcloseall.3, fexecve.3, ffs.3, fgetgrent.3, fgetpwent.3, finite.3, flockfile.3, floor.3, fmod.3, fnmatch.3, fopencookie.3, fpathconf.3, fpurge.3, frexp.3, fseeko.3, ftok.3, futimes.3, gcvt.3, get_nprocs_conf.3, getaddrinfo.3, getaddrinfo_a.3, getauxval.3, getcontext.3, getcwd.3, getdate.3, getdirentries.3, getdtablesize.3, getenv.3, getfsent.3, getgrent.3, getgrnam.3, getgrouplist.3, gethostbyname.3, gethostid.3, getifaddrs.3, getipnodebyname.3, getline.3, getlogin.3, getmntent.3, getnetent.3, getnetent_r.3, getopt.3, getprotoent.3, getprotoent_r.3, getpw.3, getpwent.3, getpwnam.3, getrpcent_r.3, gets.3, getservent.3, getservent_r.3, getumask.3, getusershell.3, getutmp.3, getw.3, glob.3, gnu_get_libc_version.3, gsignal.3, hypot.3, if_nameindex.3, if_nametoindex.3, ilogb.3, index.3, inet.3, inet_ntop.3, inet_pton.3, infnan.3, initgroups.3, insque.3, intro.3, isalpha.3, isatty.3, j0.3, ldexp.3, localeconv.3, log.3, log10.3, log1p.3, log2.3, logb.3, lrint.3, lround.3, lsearch.3, lseek64.3, makecontext.3, makedev.3, mallinfo.3, malloc.3, malloc_get_state.3, malloc_info.3, malloc_stats.3, malloc_trim.3, malloc_usable_size.3, mallopt.3, matherr.3, mcheck.3, memccpy.3, memchr.3, memcmp.3, memcpy.3, memfrob.3, memmem.3, memmove.3, memset.3, mkdtemp.3, mkfifo.3, mkfifoat.3, mkstemp.3, mktemp.3, modf.3, mq_close.3, mq_getattr.3, mq_notify.3, mq_open.3, mq_receive.3, mq_send.3, mq_unlink.3, mtrace.3, on_exit.3, opendir.3, posix_fallocate.3, posix_memalign.3, posix_openpt.3, pow.3, pow10.3, profil.3, psignal.3, pthread_attr_init.3, pthread_attr_setaffinity_np.3, pthread_attr_setdetachstate.3, pthread_attr_setguardsize.3, pthread_attr_setinheritsched.3, pthread_attr_setschedparam.3, pthread_attr_setschedpolicy.3, pthread_attr_setscope.3, pthread_attr_setstack.3, pthread_attr_setstackaddr.3, pthread_attr_setstacksize.3, pthread_cancel.3, pthread_cleanup_push.3, pthread_cleanup_push_defer_np.3, pthread_create.3, pthread_detach.3, pthread_equal.3, pthread_exit.3, pthread_getattr_np.3, pthread_getcpuclockid.3, pthread_join.3, pthread_kill.3, pthread_kill_other_threads_np.3, pthread_self.3, pthread_setaffinity_np.3, pthread_setcancelstate.3, pthread_setconcurrency.3, pthread_setname_np.3, pthread_setschedparam.3, pthread_setschedprio.3, pthread_sigmask.3, pthread_sigqueue.3, pthread_testcancel.3, pthread_tryjoin_np.3, pthread_yield.3, putenv.3, putpwent.3, puts.3, qecvt.3, qsort.3, raise.3, rand.3, random.3, random_r.3, re_comp.3, readdir.3, realpath.3, regex.3, remainder.3, remove.3, resolver.3, rewinddir.3, rint.3, round.3, scalb.3, scalbln.3, scandir.3, sched_getcpu.3, seekdir.3, sem_close.3, sem_destroy.3, sem_getvalue.3, sem_init.3, sem_open.3, sem_post.3, sem_unlink.3, sem_wait.3, setenv.3, setlocale.3, setlogmask.3, shm_open.3, siginterrupt.3, sigpause.3, sigqueue.3, sigset.3, sigsetops.3, sigvec.3, sigwait.3, sin.3, sinh.3, sleep.3, sockatmark.3, sqrt.3, statvfs.3, stdio_ext.3, stpcpy.3, strcasecmp.3, strcat.3, strchr.3, strcmp.3, strcoll.3, strcpy.3, strdup.3, strerror.3, strfry.3, strftime.3, string.3, strlen.3, strpbrk.3, strptime.3, strsep.3, strsignal.3, strspn.3, strstr.3, strtok.3, strtol.3, strtoul.3, strverscmp.3, strxfrm.3, swab.3, sysconf.3, syslog.3, system.3, sysv_signal.3, tan.3, tanh.3, tcgetpgrp.3, tcgetsid.3, telldir.3, tempnam.3, timegm.3, timeradd.3, tmpfile.3, tmpnam.3, toascii.3, toupper.3, trunc.3, tsearch.3, ttyslot.3, tzset.3, ulimit.3, undocumented.3, unlocked_stdio.3, usleep.3, y0.3, cpuid.4, full.4, initrd.4, mouse.4, msr.4, sd.4, st.4, acct.5, core.5, services.5, slabinfo.5, aio.7, capabilities.7, credentials.7, feature_test_macros.7, hier.7, inotify.7, libc.7, locale.7, man-pages.7, man.7, math_error.7, mq_overview.7, numa.7, path_resolution.7, pipe.7, pthreads.7, pty.7, rtld-audit.7, sem_overview.7, shm_overview.7, sigevent.7, signal.7, suffixes.7, svipc.7, termio.7, time.7, udplite.7, units.7, uri.7, sln.8: s/LICENSE_START(verbatim)/LICENSE_START(VERBATIM)/
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2013-03-10 09:29:01 +00:00
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.\" %%%LICENSE_START(VERBATIM)
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.\" Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
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.\" manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
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.\" preserved on all copies.
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.\"
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.\" Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
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.\" manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the
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.\" entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a
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.\" permission notice identical to this one.
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2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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.\"
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.\" Since the Linux kernel and libraries are constantly changing, this
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.\" manual page may be incorrect or out-of-date. The author(s) assume no
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.\" responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from
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.\" the use of the information contained herein. The author(s) may not
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.\" have taken the same level of care in the production of this manual,
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.\" which is licensed free of charge, as they might when working
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.\" professionally.
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2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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.\"
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.\" Formatted or processed versions of this manual, if unaccompanied by
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.\" the source, must acknowledge the copyright and authors of this work.
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intro.1, _exit.2, access.2, alarm.2, alloc_hugepages.2, arch_prctl.2, bind.2, chdir.2, chmod.2, chown.2, chroot.2, clock_getres.2, clock_nanosleep.2, close.2, connect.2, delete_module.2, dup.2, execve.2, exit_group.2, faccessat.2, fchmodat.2, fchownat.2, fcntl.2, fork.2, fstatat.2, fsync.2, futimesat.2, get_robust_list.2, getdents.2, getdomainname.2, getgid.2, getgroups.2, gethostname.2, getpagesize.2, getpid.2, getresuid.2, getrlimit.2, getrusage.2, gettid.2, gettimeofday.2, getuid.2, getunwind.2, idle.2, init_module.2, intro.2, iopl.2, kcmp.2, kexec_load.2, kill.2, link.2, linkat.2, llseek.2, lookup_dcookie.2, madvise.2, mincore.2, mkdirat.2, mknodat.2, mmap.2, mmap2.2, mount.2, mprotect.2, mq_getsetattr.2, msgctl.2, msgget.2, msgop.2, msync.2, nice.2, open.2, openat.2, pause.2, perfmonctl.2, personality.2, pipe.2, poll.2, posix_fadvise.2, prctl.2, pread.2, process_vm_readv.2, quotactl.2, read.2, readahead.2, readdir.2, readlinkat.2, readv.2, reboot.2, recvmmsg.2, remap_file_pages.2, rename.2, renameat.2, rmdir.2, rt_sigqueueinfo.2, select.2, select_tut.2, semctl.2, semget.2, semop.2, sendmmsg.2, set_tid_address.2, seteuid.2, setfsgid.2, setfsuid.2, setgid.2, setresuid.2, setuid.2, setup.2, sgetmask.2, shmctl.2, shmget.2, shmop.2, sigaction.2, sigaltstack.2, signal.2, sigpending.2, sigprocmask.2, sigreturn.2, sigsuspend.2, sigwaitinfo.2, splice.2, stat.2, statfs.2, stime.2, subpage_prot.2, swapon.2, symlink.2, symlinkat.2, sync.2, sync_file_range.2, syscalls.2, sysctl.2, sysfs.2, syslog.2, tee.2, time.2, timer_create.2, timer_delete.2, timer_getoverrun.2, timer_settime.2, times.2, tkill.2, umask.2, umount.2, uname.2, unlink.2, unlinkat.2, uselib.2, ustat.2, utime.2, utimensat.2, vfork.2, vhangup.2, vm86.2, vmsplice.2, wait.2, wait4.2, write.2, CPU_SET.3, INFINITY.3, abort.3, abs.3, acos.3, acosh.3, adjtime.3, aio_init.3, asin.3, asinh.3, asprintf.3, assert.3, assert_perror.3, atan.3, atan2.3, atanh.3, atexit.3, atof.3, atoi.3, basename.3, bcmp.3, bcopy.3, bindresvport.3, bsd_signal.3, bsearch.3, bstring.3, byteorder.3, bzero.3, catgets.3, catopen.3, cbrt.3, ceil.3, clearenv.3, clock.3, clock_getcpuclockid.3, closedir.3, confstr.3, copysign.3, cos.3, cosh.3, ctermid.3, ctime.3, difftime.3, dirfd.3, div.3, dl_iterate_phdr.3, dprintf.3, drand48.3, drand48_r.3, dysize.3, ecvt.3, ecvt_r.3, end.3, endian.3, erf.3, erfc.3, ether_aton.3, euidaccess.3, exit.3, exp.3, exp10.3, exp2.3, expm1.3, fabs.3, fcloseall.3, fexecve.3, ffs.3, fgetgrent.3, fgetpwent.3, finite.3, flockfile.3, floor.3, fmod.3, fnmatch.3, fopencookie.3, fpathconf.3, fpurge.3, frexp.3, fseeko.3, ftok.3, futimes.3, gcvt.3, get_nprocs_conf.3, getaddrinfo.3, getaddrinfo_a.3, getauxval.3, getcontext.3, getcwd.3, getdate.3, getdirentries.3, getdtablesize.3, getenv.3, getfsent.3, getgrent.3, getgrnam.3, getgrouplist.3, gethostbyname.3, gethostid.3, getifaddrs.3, getipnodebyname.3, getline.3, getlogin.3, getmntent.3, getnetent.3, getnetent_r.3, getopt.3, getprotoent.3, getprotoent_r.3, getpw.3, getpwent.3, getpwnam.3, getrpcent_r.3, gets.3, getservent.3, getservent_r.3, getumask.3, getusershell.3, getutmp.3, getw.3, glob.3, gnu_get_libc_version.3, gsignal.3, hypot.3, if_nameindex.3, if_nametoindex.3, ilogb.3, index.3, inet.3, inet_ntop.3, inet_pton.3, infnan.3, initgroups.3, insque.3, intro.3, isalpha.3, isatty.3, j0.3, ldexp.3, localeconv.3, log.3, log10.3, log1p.3, log2.3, logb.3, lrint.3, lround.3, lsearch.3, lseek64.3, makecontext.3, makedev.3, mallinfo.3, malloc.3, malloc_get_state.3, malloc_info.3, malloc_stats.3, malloc_trim.3, malloc_usable_size.3, mallopt.3, matherr.3, mcheck.3, memccpy.3, memchr.3, memcmp.3, memcpy.3, memfrob.3, memmem.3, memmove.3, memset.3, mkdtemp.3, mkfifo.3, mkfifoat.3, mkstemp.3, mktemp.3, modf.3, mq_close.3, mq_getattr.3, mq_notify.3, mq_open.3, mq_receive.3, mq_send.3, mq_unlink.3, mtrace.3, on_exit.3, opendir.3, posix_fallocate.3, posix_memalign.3, posix_openpt.3, pow.3, pow10.3, profil.3, psignal.3, pthread_attr_init.3, pthread_attr_setaffinity_np.3, pthread_attr_setdetachstate.3, pthread_attr_setguardsize.3, pthread_attr_setinheritsched.3, pthread_attr_setschedparam.3, pthread_attr_setschedpolicy.3, pthread_attr_setscope.3, pthread_attr_setstack.3, pthread_attr_setstackaddr.3, pthread_attr_setstacksize.3, pthread_cancel.3, pthread_cleanup_push.3, pthread_cleanup_push_defer_np.3, pthread_create.3, pthread_detach.3, pthread_equal.3, pthread_exit.3, pthread_getattr_np.3, pthread_getcpuclockid.3, pthread_join.3, pthread_kill.3, pthread_kill_other_threads_np.3, pthread_self.3, pthread_setaffinity_np.3, pthread_setcancelstate.3, pthread_setconcurrency.3, pthread_setname_np.3, pthread_setschedparam.3, pthread_setschedprio.3, pthread_sigmask.3, pthread_sigqueue.3, pthread_testcancel.3, pthread_tryjoin_np.3, pthread_yield.3, putenv.3, putpwent.3, puts.3, qecvt.3, qsort.3, raise.3, rand.3, random.3, random_r.3, re_comp.3, readdir.3, realpath.3, regex.3, remainder.3, remove.3, resolver.3, rewinddir.3, rint.3, round.3, scalb.3, scalbln.3, scandir.3, sched_getcpu.3, seekdir.3, sem_close.3, sem_destroy.3, sem_getvalue.3, sem_init.3, sem_open.3, sem_post.3, sem_unlink.3, sem_wait.3, setenv.3, setlocale.3, setlogmask.3, shm_open.3, siginterrupt.3, sigpause.3, sigqueue.3, sigset.3, sigsetops.3, sigvec.3, sigwait.3, sin.3, sinh.3, sleep.3, sockatmark.3, sqrt.3, statvfs.3, stdio_ext.3, stpcpy.3, strcasecmp.3, strcat.3, strchr.3, strcmp.3, strcoll.3, strcpy.3, strdup.3, strerror.3, strfry.3, strftime.3, string.3, strlen.3, strpbrk.3, strptime.3, strsep.3, strsignal.3, strspn.3, strstr.3, strtok.3, strtol.3, strtoul.3, strverscmp.3, strxfrm.3, swab.3, sysconf.3, syslog.3, system.3, sysv_signal.3, tan.3, tanh.3, tcgetpgrp.3, tcgetsid.3, telldir.3, tempnam.3, timegm.3, timeradd.3, tmpfile.3, tmpnam.3, toascii.3, toupper.3, trunc.3, tsearch.3, ttyslot.3, tzset.3, ulimit.3, undocumented.3, unlocked_stdio.3, usleep.3, y0.3, cpuid.4, full.4, initrd.4, mouse.4, msr.4, sd.4, st.4, acct.5, core.5, services.5, slabinfo.5, aio.7, capabilities.7, credentials.7, feature_test_macros.7, hier.7, inotify.7, libc.7, locale.7, man-pages.7, man.7, math_error.7, mq_overview.7, numa.7, path_resolution.7, pipe.7, pthreads.7, pty.7, rtld-audit.7, sem_overview.7, shm_overview.7, sigevent.7, signal.7, suffixes.7, svipc.7, termio.7, time.7, udplite.7, units.7, uri.7, sln.8: Global fix: Add LICENSE_START(verbatim)
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2013-03-10 09:28:40 +00:00
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.\" %%%LICENSE_END
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.\"
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.\" Modified 1993-07-21 Rik Faith (faith@cs.unc.edu)
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.\" Modified 1994-08-21 by Michael Chastain (mec@shell.portal.com):
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.\" Removed note about old kernel (pre-1.1.44) using wrong id on path.
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.\" Modified 1996-03-18 by Martin Schulze (joey@infodrom.north.de):
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.\" Stated more clearly how it behaves with symbolic links.
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.\" Added correction due to Nick Duffek (nsd@bbc.com), aeb, 960426
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.\" Modified 1996-09-07 by Michael Haardt:
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.\" Restrictions for NFS
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.\" Modified 1997-09-09 by Joseph S. Myers <jsm28@cam.ac.uk>
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.\" Modified 1998-01-13 by Michael Haardt:
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.\" Using access is often insecure
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.\" Modified 2001-10-16 by aeb
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.\" Modified 2002-04-23 by Roger Luethi <rl@hellgate.ch>
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.\" Modified 2004-06-23 by Michael Kerrisk
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2007-07-01 03:23:24 +00:00
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.\" 2007-06-10, mtk, various parts rewritten, and added BUGS section.
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.\"
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getent.1, ldd.1, locale.1, localedef.1, memusage.1, memusagestat.1, mtrace.1, _exit.2, _syscall.2, accept.2, access.2, acct.2, add_key.2, adjtimex.2, alloc_hugepages.2, arch_prctl.2, bdflush.2, bind.2, bpf.2, brk.2, cacheflush.2, capget.2, chdir.2, chmod.2, chown.2, chroot.2, clock_getres.2, clock_nanosleep.2, clone.2, close.2, close_range.2, connect.2, copy_file_range.2, create_module.2, delete_module.2, dup.2, epoll_create.2, epoll_ctl.2, epoll_wait.2, eventfd.2, execve.2, execveat.2, fanotify_init.2, fanotify_mark.2, fcntl.2, flock.2, fork.2, fsync.2, futex.2, get_kernel_syms.2, get_mempolicy.2, get_robust_list.2, getcpu.2, getdents.2, getdomainname.2, getgid.2, getgroups.2, gethostname.2, getitimer.2, getpagesize.2, getpeername.2, getpid.2, getpriority.2, getrandom.2, getresuid.2, getrlimit.2, getrusage.2, getsid.2, getsockname.2, getsockopt.2, gettid.2, gettimeofday.2, getuid.2, getunwind.2, getxattr.2, idle.2, init_module.2, inotify_add_watch.2, inotify_rm_watch.2, io_cancel.2, io_destroy.2, io_getevents.2, io_setup.2, io_submit.2, ioctl.2, ioctl_console.2, ioctl_fat.2, ioctl_ficlonerange.2, ioctl_fideduperange.2, ioctl_fslabel.2, ioctl_getfsmap.2, ioctl_ns.2, ioctl_tty.2, ioctl_userfaultfd.2, ioperm.2, iopl.2, ipc.2, kcmp.2, kexec_load.2, keyctl.2, kill.2, link.2, listen.2, listxattr.2, llseek.2, lookup_dcookie.2, lseek.2, madvise.2, mbind.2, membarrier.2, memfd_create.2, migrate_pages.2, mincore.2, mkdir.2, mknod.2, mlock.2, mmap.2, mmap2.2, modify_ldt.2, mount.2, move_pages.2, mprotect.2, mq_getsetattr.2, mremap.2, msgctl.2, msgget.2, msgop.2, msync.2, nanosleep.2, nfsservctl.2, nice.2, open.2, open_by_handle_at.2, openat2.2, pause.2, pciconfig_read.2, perf_event_open.2, perfmonctl.2, personality.2, pidfd_getfd.2, pidfd_open.2, pidfd_send_signal.2, pipe.2, pivot_root.2, pkey_alloc.2, poll.2, posix_fadvise.2, prctl.2, pread.2, process_vm_readv.2, ptrace.2, query_module.2, quotactl.2, read.2, readahead.2, readdir.2, readlink.2, readv.2, reboot.2, recv.2, remap_file_pages.2, removexattr.2, rename.2, request_key.2, restart_syscall.2, rmdir.2, rt_sigqueueinfo.2, s390_guarded_storage.2, s390_pci_mmio_write.2, s390_runtime_instr.2, s390_sthyi.2, sched_get_priority_max.2, sched_rr_get_interval.2, sched_setaffinity.2, sched_setattr.2, sched_setparam.2, sched_setscheduler.2, sched_yield.2, seccomp.2, select.2, select_tut.2, semctl.2, semget.2, semop.2, send.2, sendfile.2, set_thread_area.2, seteuid.2, setfsgid.2, setfsuid.2, setgid.2, setpgid.2, setresuid.2, setreuid.2, setsid.2, setuid.2, setup.2, setxattr.2, sgetmask.2, shmctl.2, shmget.2, shmop.2, shutdown.2, sigaction.2, sigaltstack.2, signal.2, signalfd.2, sigpending.2, sigprocmask.2, sigreturn.2, sigsuspend.2, sigwaitinfo.2, socket.2, socketcall.2, socketpair.2, splice.2, spu_create.2, spu_run.2, stat.2, statfs.2, statx.2, stime.2, subpage_prot.2, swapon.2, symlink.2, sync.2, sync_file_range.2, syscall.2, syscalls.2, sysctl.2, sysfs.2, sysinfo.2, syslog.2, time.2, timer_create.2, timer_delete.2, timer_getoverrun.2, timer_settime.2, timerfd_create.2, times.2, tkill.2, truncate.2, umask.2, umount.2, uname.2, unimplemented.2, unlink.2, unshare.2, uselib.2, userfaultfd.2, ustat.2, utime.2, utimensat.2, vfork.2, vhangup.2, vm86.2, vmsplice.2, wait.2, wait4.2, write.2, CPU_SET.3, __ppc_get_timebase.3, __ppc_set_ppr_med.3, __ppc_yield.3, __setfpucw.3, a64l.3, abort.3, abs.3, acos.3, acosh.3, addseverity.3, adjtime.3, aio_cancel.3, aio_error.3, aio_fsync.3, aio_read.3, aio_return.3, aio_suspend.3, aio_write.3, alloca.3, argz_add.3, asin.3, asinh.3, asprintf.3, assert.3, assert_perror.3, atan.3, atan2.3, atanh.3, atexit.3, atof.3, atoi.3, backtrace.3, basename.3, bcmp.3, bcopy.3, bindresvport.3, bsd_signal.3, bsearch.3, bstring.3, btowc.3, byteorder.3, bzero.3, cabs.3, cacos.3, cacosh.3, canonicalize_file_name.3, carg.3, casin.3, casinh.3, catan.3, catanh.3, catgets.3, catopen.3, cbrt.3, ccos.3, ccosh.3, ceil.3, cexp.3, cexp2.3, cfree.3, cimag.3, circleq.3, clearenv.3, clock.3, clock_getcpuclockid.3, clog.3, clog10.3, clog2.3, closedir.3, cmsg.3, confstr.3, conj.3, copysign.3, cos.3, cosh.3, cpow.3, cproj.3, creal.3, crypt.3, csin.3, csinh.3, csqrt.3, ctan.3, ctanh.3, ctermid.3, ctime.3, daemon.3, des_crypt.3, difftime.3, dirfd.3, div.3, dl_iterate_phdr.3, dladdr.3, dlerror.3, dlinfo.3, dlopen.3, dlsym.3, drand48.3, drand48_r.3, duplocale.3, dysize.3, ecvt.3, ecvt_r.3, encrypt.3, endian.3, envz_add.3, erf.3, erfc.3, err.3, errno.3, error.3, ether_aton.3, euidaccess.3, exec.3, exit.3, exp.3, exp10.3, exp2.3, expm1.3, fabs.3, fclose.3, fcloseall.3, fdim.3, fenv.3, ferror.3, fexecve.3, fflush.3, ffs.3, fgetc.3, fgetgrent.3, fgetpwent.3, fgetwc.3, fgetws.3, fileno.3, finite.3, flockfile.3, floor.3, fma.3, fmax.3, fmemopen.3, fmin.3, fmod.3, fmtmsg.3, fnmatch.3, fopen.3, fopencookie.3, fpathconf.3, fpclassify.3, fpurge.3, fputwc.3, fputws.3, fread.3, frexp.3, fseek.3, fseeko.3, ftime.3, ftok.3, fts.3, ftw.3, futimes.3, fwide.3, gamma.3, gcvt.3, get_nprocs_conf.3, get_phys_pages.3, getaddrinfo.3, getaddrinfo_a.3, getauxval.3, getcontext.3, getcwd.3, getdate.3, getdirentries.3, getdtablesize.3, getentropy.3, getenv.3, getfsent.3, getgrent.3, getgrent_r.3, getgrnam.3, getgrouplist.3, gethostbyname.3, gethostid.3, getifaddrs.3, getipnodebyname.3, getline.3, getloadavg.3, getlogin.3, getmntent.3, getnameinfo.3, getnetent.3, getnetent_r.3, getopt.3, getpass.3, getprotoent.3, getprotoent_r.3, getpt.3, getpw.3, getpwent.3, getpwent_r.3, getpwnam.3, getrpcent.3, getrpcent_r.3, getrpcport.3, gets.3, getservent.3, getservent_r.3, getspnam.3, getsubopt.3, getttyent.3, getumask.3, getusershell.3, getutent.3, getutmp.3, getw.3, getwchar.3, glob.3, gnu_get_libc_version.3, grantpt.3, group_member.3, gsignal.3, hsearch.3, hypot.3, iconv.3, iconv_close.3, iconv_open.3, if_nameindex.3, if_nametoindex.3, ilogb.3, index.3, inet.3, inet_net_pton.3, inet_ntop.3, inet_pton.3, initgroups.3, insque.3, isalpha.3, isatty.3, isfdtype.3, isgreater.3, iswalnum.3, iswalpha.3, iswblank.3, iswcntrl.3, iswctype.3, iswdigit.3, iswgraph.3, iswlower.3, iswprint.3, iswpunct.3, iswspace.3, iswupper.3, iswxdigit.3, j0.3, key_setsecret.3, killpg.3, ldexp.3, lgamma.3, lio_listio.3, list.3, localeconv.3, lockf.3, log.3, log10.3, log1p.3, log2.3, logb.3, login.3, lrint.3, lround.3, lsearch.3, lseek64.3, makecontext.3, makedev.3, mallinfo.3, malloc.3, malloc_get_state.3, malloc_hook.3, malloc_info.3, malloc_stats.3, malloc_trim.3, malloc_usable_size.3, mallopt.3, matherr.3, mblen.3, mbrlen.3, mbrtowc.3, mbsinit.3, mbsnrtowcs.3, mbsrtowcs.3, mbstowcs.3, mbtowc.3, mcheck.3, memccpy.3, memchr.3, memcmp.3, memcpy.3, memfrob.3, memmem.3, memmove.3, mempcpy.3, memset.3, mkdtemp.3, mkfifo.3, mkstemp.3, mktemp.3, modf.3, mpool.3, mq_close.3, mq_getattr.3, mq_notify.3, mq_open.3, mq_receive.3, mq_send.3, mq_unlink.3, mtrace.3, nan.3, newlocale.3, nextafter.3, nextup.3, nl_langinfo.3, ntp_gettime.3, on_exit.3, open_memstream.3, opendir.3, openpty.3, perror.3, popen.3, posix_fallocate.3, posix_madvise.3, posix_memalign.3, posix_openpt.3, posix_spawn.3, pow.3, pow10.3, printf.3, profil.3, psignal.3, pthread_attr_init.3, pthread_attr_setaffinity_np.3, pthread_attr_setdetachstate.3, pthread_attr_setguardsize.3, pthread_attr_setinheritsched.3, pthread_attr_setschedparam.3, pthread_attr_setschedpolicy.3, pthread_attr_setscope.3, pthread_attr_setsigmask_np.3, pthread_attr_setstack.3, pthread_attr_setstackaddr.3, pthread_attr_setstacksize.3, pthread_cancel.3, pthread_cleanup_push.3, pthread_cleanup_push_defer_np.3, pthread_create.3, pthread_detach.3, pthread_equal.3, pthread_exit.3, pthread_getattr_default_np.3, pthread_getattr_np.3, pthread_getcpuclockid.3, pthread_join.3, pthread_kill.3, pthread_kill_other_threads_np.3, pthread_mutex_consistent.3, pthread_mutexattr_getpshared.3, pthread_mutexattr_setrobust.3, pthread_rwlockattr_setkind_np.3, pthread_self.3, pthread_setaffinity_np.3, pthread_setcancelstate.3, pthread_setconcurrency.3, pthread_setname_np.3, pthread_setschedparam.3, pthread_setschedprio.3, pthread_sigmask.3, pthread_sigqueue.3, pthread_spin_init.3, pthread_spin_lock.3, pthread_testcancel.3, pthread_tryjoin_np.3, pthread_yield.3, ptsname.3, putenv.3, putgrent.3, putpwent.3, puts.3, putwchar.3, qecvt.3, qsort.3, raise.3, rand.3, random.3, random_r.3, rcmd.3, re_comp.3, readdir.3, readdir_r.3, realpath.3, regex.3, remainder.3, remove.3, remquo.3, resolver.3, rewinddir.3, rexec.3, rint.3, round.3, rpc.3, rpmatch.3, rtime.3, rtnetlink.3, scalb.3, scalbln.3, scandir.3, scanf.3, sched_getcpu.3, seekdir.3, sem_close.3, sem_destroy.3, sem_getvalue.3, sem_init.3, sem_open.3, sem_post.3, sem_unlink.3, sem_wait.3, setaliasent.3, setbuf.3, setenv.3, setjmp.3, setlocale.3, setlogmask.3, setnetgrent.3, shm_open.3, siginterrupt.3, signbit.3, significand.3, sigpause.3, sigqueue.3, sigset.3, sigsetops.3, sigvec.3, sigwait.3, sin.3, sincos.3, sinh.3, sleep.3, slist.3, sockatmark.3, sqrt.3, stailq.3, statvfs.3, stdarg.3, stdio.3, stdio_ext.3, stpcpy.3, stpncpy.3, strcasecmp.3, strcat.3, strchr.3, strcmp.3, strcoll.3, strcpy.3, strdup.3, strerror.3, strfmon.3, strfromd.3, strfry.3, strftime.3, string.3, strlen.3, strnlen.3, strpbrk.3, strptime.3, strsep.3, strsignal.3, strspn.3, strstr.3, strtod.3, strtoimax.3, strtok.3, strtol.3, strtoul.3, strverscmp.3, strxfrm.3, swab.3, sysconf.3, syslog.3, system.3, sysv_signal.3, tailq.3, tan.3, tanh.3, tcgetpgrp.3, tcgetsid.3, telldir.3, tempnam.3, termios.3, tgamma.3, timegm.3, timeradd.3, tmpfile.3, tmpnam.3, toascii.3, toupper.3, towctrans.3, towlower.3, towupper.3, trunc.3, tsearch.3, ttyname.3, ttyslot.3, tzset.3, ualarm.3, ulimit.3, undocumented.3, ungetwc.3, unlocked_stdio.3, unlockpt.3, updwtmp.3, uselocale.3, usleep.3, wcpcpy.3, wcpncpy.3, wcrtomb.3, wcscasecmp.3, wcscat.3, wcschr.3, wcscmp.3, wcscpy.3, wcscspn.3, wcsdup.3, wcslen.3, wcsncasecmp.3, wcsncat.3, wcsncmp.3, wcsncpy.3, wcsnlen.3, wcsnrtombs.3, wcspbrk.3, wcsrchr.3, wcsrtombs.3, wcsspn.3, wcsstr.3, wcstoimax.3, wcstok.3, wcstombs.3, wcswidth.3, wctob.3, wctomb.3, wctrans.3, wctype.3, wcwidth.3, wmemchr.3, wmemcmp.3, wmemcpy.3, wmemmove.3, wmemset.3, wordexp.3, wprintf.3, xcrypt.3, xdr.3, y0.3, cciss.4, console_codes.4, dsp56k.4, hpsa.4, initrd.4, loop.4, lp.4, msr.4, random.4, rtc.4, smartpqi.4, veth.4, wavelan.4, acct.5, core.5, elf.5, hosts.5, locale.5, proc.5, resolv.conf.5, rpc.5, slabinfo.5, sysfs.5, tmpfs.5, utmp.5, address_families.7, aio.7, attributes.7, bootparam.7, capabilities.7, cgroups.7, complex.7, ddp.7, environ.7, epoll.7, fanotify.7, feature_test_macros.7, hier.7, inode.7, inotify.7, ip.7, ipv6.7, keyrings.7, locale.7, man-pages.7, man.7, math_error.7, mount_namespaces.7, namespaces.7, netdevice.7, netlink.7, numa.7, packet.7, pkeys.7, pthreads.7, queue.7, raw.7, rtnetlink.7, sched.7, session-keyring.7, shm_overview.7, sigevent.7, signal-safety.7, signal.7, sock_diag.7, socket.7, spufs.7, symlink.7, system_data_types.7, tcp.7, time_namespaces.7, udp.7, udplite.7, unicode.7, unix.7, uri.7, user_namespaces.7, vdso.7, vsock.7, x25.7, iconvconfig.8, ld.so.8, ldconfig.8, sln.8, tzselect.8: tstamp
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2021-03-21 23:15:34 +00:00
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.TH ACCESS 2 2021-03-22 "Linux" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.SH NAME
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2020-11-15 11:44:34 +00:00
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access, faccessat, faccessat2 \- check user's permissions for a file
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.SH SYNOPSIS
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.nf
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.B #include <unistd.h>
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2017-08-15 06:29:00 +00:00
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.PP
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.BI "int access(const char *" pathname ", int " mode );
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2020-12-22 19:17:46 +00:00
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.PP
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2021-04-04 11:58:18 +00:00
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.BR "#include <fcntl.h>" " /* Definition of " AT_* " constants */"
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2014-02-21 06:56:59 +00:00
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.B #include <unistd.h>
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2017-08-15 06:29:00 +00:00
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.PP
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2014-02-21 06:56:59 +00:00
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.BI "int faccessat(int " dirfd ", const char *" pathname ", int " \
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2020-11-15 11:44:34 +00:00
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mode ", int " flags );
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/* But see C library/kernel differences, below */
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2020-12-22 19:17:46 +00:00
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.PP
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2021-04-04 11:58:18 +00:00
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.BR "#include <fcntl.h>" " /* Definition of " AT_* " constants */"
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.BR "#include <sys/syscall.h>" " /* Definition of " SYS_* " constants */"
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.B #include <unistd.h>
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.PP
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.BI "int syscall(SYS_faccessat2,"
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.BI " int " dirfd ", const char *" pathname ", int " mode \
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", int " flags );
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2014-02-21 06:56:59 +00:00
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.fi
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2017-08-15 06:29:00 +00:00
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.PP
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_exit.2, access.2, acct.2, brk.2, chdir.2, chmod.2, chown.2, chroot.2, clock_getres.2, clock_nanosleep.2, fsync.2, futimesat.2, getdomainname.2, getgroups.2, gethostname.2, getpagesize.2, getrlimit.2, getsid.2, gettimeofday.2, kill.2, link.2, madvise.2, mincore.2, mkdir.2, mknod.2, nanosleep.2, nice.2, open.2, posix_fadvise.2, pread.2, process_vm_readv.2, readlink.2, readv.2, rename.2, select.2, semop.2, seteuid.2, setpgid.2, setreuid.2, sigaction.2, sigaltstack.2, sigpending.2, sigprocmask.2, sigsuspend.2, sigwaitinfo.2, stat.2, stime.2, symlink.2, sync.2, syscall.2, timer_create.2, timer_delete.2, timer_getoverrun.2, timer_settime.2, truncate.2, unlink.2, utimensat.2, vfork.2, vhangup.2, wait.2, wait4.2, a64l.3, abs.3, acos.3, acosh.3, addseverity.3, adjtime.3, asin.3, asinh.3, atan.3, atan2.3, atanh.3, atoi.3, bsd_signal.3, cbrt.3, ceil.3, cfree.3, clearenv.3, clock_getcpuclockid.3, confstr.3, copysign.3, cos.3, cosh.3, ctermid.3, ctime.3, daemon.3, dirfd.3, div.3, drand48.3, drand48_r.3, duplocale.3, dysize.3, ecvt.3, ecvt_r.3, endian.3, erf.3, erfc.3, exec.3, exp.3, exp2.3, expm1.3, fabs.3, fdim.3, ferror.3, fexecve.3, ffs.3, fgetgrent.3, fgetpwent.3, finite.3, flockfile.3, floor.3, fma.3, fmax.3, fmemopen.3, fmin.3, fmod.3, fopen.3, fpclassify.3, frexp.3, fseeko.3, ftw.3, futimes.3, fwide.3, gamma.3, gcvt.3, getaddrinfo.3, getcwd.3, getdate.3, getdirentries.3, getdtablesize.3, getentropy.3, getenv.3, getgrent.3, getgrent_r.3, getgrnam.3, getgrouplist.3, gethostbyname.3, gethostid.3, getline.3, getloadavg.3, getlogin.3, getmntent.3, getnameinfo.3, getnetent_r.3, getopt.3, getpass.3, getprotoent_r.3, getpwent.3, getpwent_r.3, getpwnam.3, getrpcent_r.3, getservent_r.3, getspnam.3, getsubopt.3, getusershell.3, getw.3, grantpt.3, group_member.3, gsignal.3, hypot.3, ilogb.3, inet.3, inet_net_pton.3, initgroups.3, insque.3, isalpha.3, isfdtype.3, isgreater.3, iswblank.3, j0.3, killpg.3, ldexp.3, lgamma.3, lockf.3, log.3, log10.3, log1p.3, log2.3, logb.3, lrint.3, lround.3, malloc.3, mbsnrtowcs.3, memchr.3, mkdtemp.3, mkfifo.3, mkstemp.3, mktemp.3, modf.3, mq_receive.3, mq_send.3, nan.3, newlocale.3, nextafter.3, nl_langinfo.3, on_exit.3, open_memstream.3, opendir.3, perror.3, popen.3, posix_fallocate.3, posix_madvise.3, posix_memalign.3, posix_openpt.3, pow.3, printf.3, profil.3, psignal.3, pthread_attr_setstack.3, pthread_cleanup_push_defer_np.3, pthread_kill.3, pthread_mutex_consistent.3, pthread_mutexattr_setrobust.3, pthread_rwlockattr_setkind_np.3, pthread_sigmask.3, pthread_sigqueue.3, pthread_spin_init.3, pthread_spin_lock.3, ptsname.3, putenv.3, putpwent.3, qecvt.3, qsort.3, rand.3, random.3, random_r.3, rcmd.3, readdir_r.3, realpath.3, remainder.3, remquo.3, rint.3, round.3, rpmatch.3, scalb.3, scalbln.3, scandir.3, scanf.3, sched_getcpu.3, seekdir.3, sem_wait.3, setbuf.3, setenv.3, setjmp.3, setnetgrent.3, siginterrupt.3, signbit.3, significand.3, sigqueue.3, sigset.3, sigsetops.3, sigvec.3, sigwait.3, sin.3, sinh.3, sockatmark.3, sqrt.3, stpcpy.3, stpncpy.3, strdup.3, strerror.3, strfromd.3, strnlen.3, strsep.3, strsignal.3, strtod.3, strtok.3, strtol.3, strtoul.3, syslog.3, tan.3, tanh.3, telldir.3, tempnam.3, termios.3, tgamma.3, timegm.3, timeradd.3, tmpnam.3, toascii.3, toupper.3, towlower.3, towupper.3, trunc.3, ttyslot.3, tzset.3, ualarm.3, unlocked_stdio.3, unlockpt.3, uselocale.3, usleep.3, wcpcpy.3, wcpncpy.3, wcscasecmp.3, wcsdup.3, wcsncasecmp.3, wcsnlen.3, wcsnrtombs.3, wordexp.3, wprintf.3, y0.3: srcfix: use better macros in SYNOPSIS
Around the text:
"Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc..."
replace ".in -4n/.in" with ".RS -4/.RE".
The latter form is more idiomatic use of man macros.
The nroff output is unchanged.
Reported-by: G. Branden Robinson <g.branden.robinson@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2020-09-29 13:06:31 +00:00
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.RS -4
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2014-02-21 06:56:59 +00:00
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Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see
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.BR feature_test_macros (7)):
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_exit.2, access.2, acct.2, brk.2, chdir.2, chmod.2, chown.2, chroot.2, clock_getres.2, clock_nanosleep.2, fsync.2, futimesat.2, getdomainname.2, getgroups.2, gethostname.2, getpagesize.2, getrlimit.2, getsid.2, gettimeofday.2, kill.2, link.2, madvise.2, mincore.2, mkdir.2, mknod.2, nanosleep.2, nice.2, open.2, posix_fadvise.2, pread.2, process_vm_readv.2, readlink.2, readv.2, rename.2, select.2, semop.2, seteuid.2, setpgid.2, setreuid.2, sigaction.2, sigaltstack.2, sigpending.2, sigprocmask.2, sigsuspend.2, sigwaitinfo.2, stat.2, stime.2, symlink.2, sync.2, syscall.2, timer_create.2, timer_delete.2, timer_getoverrun.2, timer_settime.2, truncate.2, unlink.2, utimensat.2, vfork.2, vhangup.2, wait.2, wait4.2, a64l.3, abs.3, acos.3, acosh.3, addseverity.3, adjtime.3, asin.3, asinh.3, atan.3, atan2.3, atanh.3, atoi.3, bsd_signal.3, cbrt.3, ceil.3, cfree.3, clearenv.3, clock_getcpuclockid.3, confstr.3, copysign.3, cos.3, cosh.3, ctermid.3, ctime.3, daemon.3, dirfd.3, div.3, drand48.3, drand48_r.3, duplocale.3, dysize.3, ecvt.3, ecvt_r.3, endian.3, erf.3, erfc.3, exec.3, exp.3, exp2.3, expm1.3, fabs.3, fdim.3, ferror.3, fexecve.3, ffs.3, fgetgrent.3, fgetpwent.3, finite.3, flockfile.3, floor.3, fma.3, fmax.3, fmemopen.3, fmin.3, fmod.3, fopen.3, fpclassify.3, frexp.3, fseeko.3, ftw.3, futimes.3, fwide.3, gamma.3, gcvt.3, getaddrinfo.3, getcwd.3, getdate.3, getdirentries.3, getdtablesize.3, getentropy.3, getenv.3, getgrent.3, getgrent_r.3, getgrnam.3, getgrouplist.3, gethostbyname.3, gethostid.3, getline.3, getloadavg.3, getlogin.3, getmntent.3, getnameinfo.3, getnetent_r.3, getopt.3, getpass.3, getprotoent_r.3, getpwent.3, getpwent_r.3, getpwnam.3, getrpcent_r.3, getservent_r.3, getspnam.3, getsubopt.3, getusershell.3, getw.3, grantpt.3, group_member.3, gsignal.3, hypot.3, ilogb.3, inet.3, inet_net_pton.3, initgroups.3, insque.3, isalpha.3, isfdtype.3, isgreater.3, iswblank.3, j0.3, killpg.3, ldexp.3, lgamma.3, lockf.3, log.3, log10.3, log1p.3, log2.3, logb.3, lrint.3, lround.3, malloc.3, mbsnrtowcs.3, memchr.3, mkdtemp.3, mkfifo.3, mkstemp.3, mktemp.3, modf.3, mq_receive.3, mq_send.3, nan.3, newlocale.3, nextafter.3, nl_langinfo.3, on_exit.3, open_memstream.3, opendir.3, perror.3, popen.3, posix_fallocate.3, posix_madvise.3, posix_memalign.3, posix_openpt.3, pow.3, printf.3, profil.3, psignal.3, pthread_attr_setstack.3, pthread_cleanup_push_defer_np.3, pthread_kill.3, pthread_mutex_consistent.3, pthread_mutexattr_setrobust.3, pthread_rwlockattr_setkind_np.3, pthread_sigmask.3, pthread_sigqueue.3, pthread_spin_init.3, pthread_spin_lock.3, ptsname.3, putenv.3, putpwent.3, qecvt.3, qsort.3, rand.3, random.3, random_r.3, rcmd.3, readdir_r.3, realpath.3, remainder.3, remquo.3, rint.3, round.3, rpmatch.3, scalb.3, scalbln.3, scandir.3, scanf.3, sched_getcpu.3, seekdir.3, sem_wait.3, setbuf.3, setenv.3, setjmp.3, setnetgrent.3, siginterrupt.3, signbit.3, significand.3, sigqueue.3, sigset.3, sigsetops.3, sigvec.3, sigwait.3, sin.3, sinh.3, sockatmark.3, sqrt.3, stpcpy.3, stpncpy.3, strdup.3, strerror.3, strfromd.3, strnlen.3, strsep.3, strsignal.3, strtod.3, strtok.3, strtol.3, strtoul.3, syslog.3, tan.3, tanh.3, telldir.3, tempnam.3, termios.3, tgamma.3, timegm.3, timeradd.3, tmpnam.3, toascii.3, toupper.3, towlower.3, towupper.3, trunc.3, ttyslot.3, tzset.3, ualarm.3, unlocked_stdio.3, unlockpt.3, uselocale.3, usleep.3, wcpcpy.3, wcpncpy.3, wcscasecmp.3, wcsdup.3, wcsncasecmp.3, wcsnlen.3, wcsnrtombs.3, wordexp.3, wprintf.3, y0.3: srcfix: use better macros in SYNOPSIS
Around the text:
"Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc..."
replace ".in -4n/.in" with ".RS -4/.RE".
The latter form is more idiomatic use of man macros.
The nroff output is unchanged.
Reported-by: G. Branden Robinson <g.branden.robinson@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2020-09-29 13:06:31 +00:00
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.RE
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2017-08-15 06:29:00 +00:00
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.PP
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2014-02-21 06:56:59 +00:00
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.BR faccessat ():
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2021-01-04 22:18:08 +00:00
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.nf
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Since glibc 2.10:
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2021-01-06 12:28:48 +00:00
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_POSIX_C_SOURCE >= 200809L
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2021-01-04 22:18:08 +00:00
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Before glibc 2.10:
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_ATFILE_SOURCE
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.fi
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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2005-10-19 06:54:38 +00:00
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.BR access ()
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2007-07-01 03:23:24 +00:00
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checks whether the calling process can access the file
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.IR pathname .
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If
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.I pathname
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2007-07-01 03:23:24 +00:00
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is a symbolic link, it is dereferenced.
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2017-08-15 06:29:00 +00:00
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.PP
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2007-07-01 03:23:24 +00:00
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The
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.I mode
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2007-07-01 03:23:24 +00:00
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specifies the accessibility check(s) to be performed,
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and is either the value
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.BR F_OK ,
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2008-05-09 21:09:04 +00:00
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.\" F_OK is defined as 0 on every system that I know of.
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2007-05-30 15:49:22 +00:00
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or a mask consisting of the bitwise OR of one or more of
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2007-07-01 03:23:24 +00:00
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.BR R_OK ", " W_OK ", and " X_OK .
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.B F_OK
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2007-07-01 03:23:24 +00:00
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tests for the existence of the file.
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.BR R_OK ", " W_OK ", and " X_OK
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test whether the file exists and grants read, write, and
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execute permissions, respectively.
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2017-08-15 06:29:00 +00:00
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.PP
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2007-07-01 03:23:24 +00:00
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The check is done using the calling process's
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.I real
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2007-07-01 03:23:24 +00:00
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UID and GID, rather than the effective IDs as is done when
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actually attempting an operation (e.g.,
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.BR open (2))
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2015-02-05 10:25:33 +00:00
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on the file.
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Similarly, for the root user, the check uses the set of
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2014-09-10 13:01:08 +00:00
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permitted capabilities rather than the set of effective
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2015-02-05 10:25:33 +00:00
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capabilities; and for non-root users, the check uses an empty set
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2014-09-10 13:01:08 +00:00
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of capabilities.
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2017-08-15 06:29:00 +00:00
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.PP
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2014-09-10 13:01:08 +00:00
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This allows set-user-ID programs and capability-endowed programs
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2015-02-05 10:25:33 +00:00
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to easily determine the invoking user's authority.
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In other words,
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2014-09-10 13:01:08 +00:00
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.BR access ()
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does not answer the "can I read/write/execute this file?" question.
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2015-02-05 10:25:33 +00:00
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It answers a slightly different question:
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"(assuming I'm a setuid binary) can
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2014-09-10 13:01:08 +00:00
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.I the user who invoked me
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read/write/execute this file?",
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2015-02-05 10:25:33 +00:00
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which gives set-user-ID programs the possibility to
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prevent malicious users from causing them to read files
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which users shouldn't be able to read.
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2017-08-15 06:29:00 +00:00
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.PP
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2007-07-01 03:23:24 +00:00
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If the calling process is privileged (i.e., its real UID is zero),
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then an
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.B X_OK
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2007-07-01 03:23:24 +00:00
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check is successful for a regular file if execute permission
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is enabled for any of the file owner, group, or other.
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2014-05-15 12:52:46 +00:00
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.SS faccessat()
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2014-02-21 06:56:59 +00:00
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.BR faccessat ()
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2020-11-15 11:44:34 +00:00
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operates in exactly the same way as
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access.2, chmod.2, chown.2, link.2, mkdir.2, open.2, readlink.2, rename.2, stat.2, symlink.2, unlink.2, mkfifo.3, scandir.3: Minor fix: remove section numbers in references to functions inside page
With the page merges, we now have some references to functions
within the page that have section numbers. Remove those.
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2014-02-21 11:50:40 +00:00
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.BR access (),
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2014-02-21 06:56:59 +00:00
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except for the differences described here.
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2017-08-15 06:29:00 +00:00
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.PP
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2014-02-21 06:56:59 +00:00
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If the pathname given in
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.I pathname
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is relative, then it is interpreted relative to the directory
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referred to by the file descriptor
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.I dirfd
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(rather than relative to the current working directory of
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the calling process, as is done by
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2014-02-24 23:43:42 +00:00
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.BR access ()
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2014-02-21 06:56:59 +00:00
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for a relative pathname).
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2017-08-15 06:29:00 +00:00
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.PP
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2014-02-21 06:56:59 +00:00
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If
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.I pathname
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is relative and
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.I dirfd
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is the special value
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.BR AT_FDCWD ,
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then
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.I pathname
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is interpreted relative to the current working
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directory of the calling process (like
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2014-02-28 21:04:20 +00:00
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.BR access ()).
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2017-08-15 06:29:00 +00:00
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.PP
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2014-02-21 06:56:59 +00:00
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If
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.I pathname
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is absolute, then
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.I dirfd
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is ignored.
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2017-08-15 06:29:00 +00:00
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.PP
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2014-02-21 06:56:59 +00:00
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.I flags
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is constructed by ORing together zero or more of the following values:
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.TP
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.B AT_EACCESS
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Perform access checks using the effective user and group IDs.
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By default,
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.BR faccessat ()
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uses the real IDs (like
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2014-02-28 21:04:20 +00:00
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.BR access ()).
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2014-02-21 06:56:59 +00:00
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.TP
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.B AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW
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If
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.I pathname
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is a symbolic link, do not dereference it:
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instead return information about the link itself.
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2014-02-21 07:13:27 +00:00
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.PP
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See
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.BR openat (2)
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for an explanation of the need for
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.BR faccessat ().
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2020-11-15 11:44:34 +00:00
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.\"
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.SS faccessat2()
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The description of
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.BR faccessat ()
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given above corresponds to POSIX.1 and
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to the implementation provided by glibc.
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However, the glibc implementation was an imperfect emulation (see BUGS)
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that papered over the fact that the raw Linux
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.BR faccessat ()
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system call does not have a
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.I flags
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argument.
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To allow for a proper implementation, Linux 5.8 added the
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.BR faccessat2 ()
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system call, which supports the
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.I flags
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argument and allows a correct implementation of the
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.BR faccessat ()
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wrapper function.
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iconv.1, localedef.1, access.2, execveat.2, fanotify_init.2, futex.2, ioctl_fat.2, mount.2, ftw.3, sd.4, tty_ioctl.4, fanotify.7, futex.7, posixoptions.7, iconvconfig.8: srcfix: Remove useless quotes from .SS and .SH sections
Signed-off-by: Stéphane Aulery <saulery@free.fr>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2015-03-08 02:03:52 +00:00
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.SH RETURN VALUE
|
2013-04-16 03:20:30 +00:00
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On success (all requested permissions granted, or
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.I mode
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is
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.B F_OK
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and the file exists), zero is returned.
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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On error (at least one bit in
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.I mode
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2013-04-16 03:20:30 +00:00
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asked for a permission that is denied, or
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.I mode
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is
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.B F_OK
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and the file does not exist, or some other error occurred),
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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\-1 is returned, and
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.I errno
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2021-01-07 07:12:28 +00:00
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is set to indicate the error.
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.SH ERRORS
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2005-10-19 06:54:38 +00:00
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.BR access ()
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2014-02-21 07:04:14 +00:00
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and
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.BR faccessat ()
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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shall fail if:
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.TP
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.B EACCES
|
2007-05-30 15:43:44 +00:00
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The requested access would be denied to the file, or search permission
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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is denied for one of the directories in the path prefix of
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.IR pathname .
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(See also
|
2007-05-26 12:41:39 +00:00
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.BR path_resolution (7).)
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.TP
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.B ELOOP
|
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Too many symbolic links were encountered in resolving
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.IR pathname .
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.TP
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.B ENAMETOOLONG
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.I pathname
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is too long.
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.TP
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.B ENOENT
|
2007-03-18 06:00:32 +00:00
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A component of
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.I pathname
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2007-03-18 06:00:32 +00:00
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does not exist or is a dangling symbolic link.
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.TP
|
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.B ENOTDIR
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A component used as a directory in
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.I pathname
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is not, in fact, a directory.
|
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.TP
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.B EROFS
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intro.1, time.1, access.2, acct.2, alloc_hugepages.2, bind.2, chdir.2, chmod.2, chown.2, chroot.2, clone.2, close.2, execve.2, fallocate.2, fcntl.2, getdents.2, getrusage.2, getxattr.2, init_module.2, inotify_add_watch.2, ioprio_set.2, kcmp.2, link.2, listxattr.2, lseek.2, madvise.2, mkdir.2, mknod.2, mmap.2, mount.2, move_pages.2, msgctl.2, nfsservctl.2, open.2, pivot_root.2, quotactl.2, read.2, readlink.2, removexattr.2, rename.2, rmdir.2, semctl.2, setfsgid.2, setfsuid.2, setresuid.2, setuid.2, setup.2, setxattr.2, shmctl.2, splice.2, spu_create.2, stat.2, statfs.2, swapon.2, symlink.2, sync.2, sync_file_range.2, sysfs.2, truncate.2, umount.2, unlink.2, unshare.2, ustat.2, utime.2, utimensat.2, write.2, btree.3, errno.3, fexecve.3, ftw.3, futimes.3, get_nprocs_conf.3, getcwd.3, getdirentries.3, getmntent.3, glob.3, mkfifo.3, mq_open.3, readdir.3, realpath.3, recno.3, remove.3, sem_open.3, shm_open.3, statvfs.3, sysconf.3, telldir.3, tmpfile.3, cciss.4, initrd.4, pts.4, sk98lin.4, vcs.4, core.5, filesystems.5, proc.5, boot.7, bootparam.7, capabilities.7, cpuset.7, credentials.7, feature_test_macros.7, fifo.7, hier.7, inotify.7, intro.7, mq_overview.7, path_resolution.7, pipe.7, sem_overview.7, shm_overview.7, spufs.7, symlink.7, unix.7, uri.7, sync.8: Global fix: s/file system/filesystem/
Notwithstanding 24d01c530c5a3f75217543d02bf6712395e5f90c,
"filesystem" is the form used by the great majority of man pages
outside the man-pages project and in a number of other sources,
so let's go with that.
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2013-08-08 08:07:57 +00:00
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Write permission was requested for a file on a read-only filesystem.
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.PP
|
2005-10-19 06:54:38 +00:00
|
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.BR access ()
|
2014-02-21 07:04:14 +00:00
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and
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.BR faccessat ()
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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may fail if:
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.TP
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.B EFAULT
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.I pathname
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points outside your accessible address space.
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.TP
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.B EINVAL
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.I mode
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|
was incorrectly specified.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.B EIO
|
|
|
|
An I/O error occurred.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.B ENOMEM
|
|
|
|
Insufficient kernel memory was available.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.B ETXTBSY
|
|
|
|
Write access was requested to an executable which is being
|
|
|
|
executed.
|
2014-02-21 06:56:59 +00:00
|
|
|
.PP
|
|
|
|
The following additional errors can occur for
|
|
|
|
.BR faccessat ():
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.B EBADF
|
access.2, chmod.2, chown.2, execveat.2, futimesat.2, link.2, mkdir.2, mknod.2, mount_setattr.2, open.2, open_by_handle_at.2, readlink.2, rename.2, stat.2, statx.2, symlink.2, unlink.2, utimensat.2, mkfifo.3, scandir.3: Fix EBADF error description
Make the description of the EBADF error for invalid 'dirfd' more
uniform. In particular, note that the error only occurs when the
pathname is relative, and that it occurs when the 'dirfd' is
neither valid *nor* has the value AT_FDCWD.
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2021-08-12 02:05:59 +00:00
|
|
|
.I pathname
|
|
|
|
is relative but
|
2014-02-21 06:56:59 +00:00
|
|
|
.I dirfd
|
access.2, chmod.2, chown.2, execveat.2, futimesat.2, link.2, mkdir.2, mknod.2, mount_setattr.2, open.2, open_by_handle_at.2, readlink.2, rename.2, stat.2, statx.2, symlink.2, unlink.2, utimensat.2, mkfifo.3, scandir.3: Fix EBADF error description
Make the description of the EBADF error for invalid 'dirfd' more
uniform. In particular, note that the error only occurs when the
pathname is relative, and that it occurs when the 'dirfd' is
neither valid *nor* has the value AT_FDCWD.
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2021-08-12 02:05:59 +00:00
|
|
|
is neither
|
|
|
|
.B AT_FDCWD
|
|
|
|
nor a valid file descriptor.
|
2014-02-21 06:56:59 +00:00
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.B EINVAL
|
|
|
|
Invalid flag specified in
|
|
|
|
.IR flags .
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.B ENOTDIR
|
|
|
|
.I pathname
|
|
|
|
is relative and
|
|
|
|
.I dirfd
|
|
|
|
is a file descriptor referring to a file other than a directory.
|
|
|
|
.SH VERSIONS
|
|
|
|
.BR faccessat ()
|
|
|
|
was added to Linux in kernel 2.6.16;
|
|
|
|
library support was added to glibc in version 2.4.
|
2020-11-15 11:44:34 +00:00
|
|
|
.PP
|
|
|
|
.BR faccessat2 ()
|
|
|
|
was added to Linux in version 5.8.
|
iconv.1, localedef.1, access.2, execveat.2, fanotify_init.2, futex.2, ioctl_fat.2, mount.2, ftw.3, sd.4, tty_ioctl.4, fanotify.7, futex.7, posixoptions.7, iconvconfig.8: srcfix: Remove useless quotes from .SS and .SH sections
Signed-off-by: Stéphane Aulery <saulery@free.fr>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2015-03-08 02:03:52 +00:00
|
|
|
.SH CONFORMING TO
|
2014-02-24 23:43:42 +00:00
|
|
|
.BR access ():
|
2014-02-21 06:57:40 +00:00
|
|
|
SVr4, 4.3BSD, POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008.
|
2017-08-15 06:29:00 +00:00
|
|
|
.PP
|
access.2, chmod.2, chown.2, link.2, mkdir.2, open.2, readlink.2, rename.2, stat.2, symlink.2, unlink.2, mkfifo.3, scandir.3: Minor fix: remove section numbers in references to functions inside page
With the page merges, we now have some references to functions
within the page that have section numbers. Remove those.
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2014-02-21 11:50:40 +00:00
|
|
|
.BR faccessat ():
|
2014-02-21 06:56:59 +00:00
|
|
|
POSIX.1-2008.
|
2020-11-15 11:44:34 +00:00
|
|
|
.PP
|
|
|
|
.BR faccessat2 ():
|
|
|
|
Linux-specific.
|
2007-05-16 05:33:35 +00:00
|
|
|
.SH NOTES
|
2007-09-04 06:30:39 +00:00
|
|
|
.BR Warning :
|
2014-02-21 07:04:14 +00:00
|
|
|
Using these calls to check if a user is authorized to, for example,
|
2007-05-30 15:43:44 +00:00
|
|
|
open a file before actually doing so using
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.BR open (2)
|
|
|
|
creates a security hole, because the user might exploit the short time
|
|
|
|
interval between checking and opening the file to manipulate it.
|
2007-07-01 03:23:24 +00:00
|
|
|
.BR "For this reason, the use of this system call should be avoided" .
|
2010-10-24 07:19:24 +00:00
|
|
|
(In the example just described,
|
|
|
|
a safer alternative would be to temporarily switch the process's
|
|
|
|
effective user ID to the real ID and then call
|
|
|
|
.BR open (2).)
|
2007-07-01 03:23:24 +00:00
|
|
|
.PP
|
2010-11-01 05:59:37 +00:00
|
|
|
.BR access ()
|
2010-10-24 07:40:33 +00:00
|
|
|
always dereferences symbolic links.
|
|
|
|
If you need to check the permissions on a symbolic link, use
|
2016-12-16 14:24:18 +00:00
|
|
|
.BR faccessat ()
|
2010-10-24 07:40:33 +00:00
|
|
|
with the flag
|
|
|
|
.BR AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW .
|
|
|
|
.PP
|
2014-02-21 07:04:14 +00:00
|
|
|
These calls return an error if any of the access types in
|
2007-07-01 03:23:24 +00:00
|
|
|
.I mode
|
|
|
|
is denied, even if some of the other access types in
|
|
|
|
.I mode
|
|
|
|
are permitted.
|
|
|
|
.PP
|
|
|
|
If the calling process has appropriate privileges (i.e., is superuser),
|
2010-10-24 07:09:48 +00:00
|
|
|
POSIX.1-2001 permits an implementation to indicate success for an
|
2007-07-01 03:23:24 +00:00
|
|
|
.B X_OK
|
|
|
|
check even if none of the execute file permission bits are set.
|
2007-07-08 18:31:19 +00:00
|
|
|
.\" HPU-UX 11 and Tru64 5.1 do this.
|
2007-07-01 03:23:24 +00:00
|
|
|
Linux does not do this.
|
|
|
|
.PP
|
intro.1, _syscall.2, access.2, arch_prctl.2, cacheflush.2, chown.2, clock_getres.2, clone.2, create_module.2, fcntl.2, flock.2, get_kernel_syms.2, get_robust_list.2, get_thread_area.2, getcpu.2, getpriority.2, getrlimit.2, getrusage.2, ioprio_set.2, kexec_load.2, madvise.2, mbind.2, migrate_pages.2, mknod.2, mmap.2, mount.2, move_pages.2, mprotect.2, open.2, pause.2, pciconfig_read.2, perf_event_open.2, prctl.2, ptrace.2, query_module.2, read.2, reboot.2, recv.2, s390_runtime_instr.2, sched_setscheduler.2, select_tut.2, send.2, set_mempolicy.2, setfsgid.2, setfsuid.2, sigaction.2, spu_create.2, spu_run.2, stime.2, swapon.2, syslog.2, timer_create.2, timer_getoverrun.2, times.2, tkill.2, umount.2, unimplemented.2, ustat.2, vm86.2, wait.2, abs.3, aio_read.3, aio_write.3, bsd_signal.3, catgets.3, clearenv.3, cmsg.3, dbopen.3, dirfd.3, dlopen.3, exec.3, fenv.3, ferror.3, fmemopen.3, fnmatch.3, fopen.3, futimes.3, getaddrinfo.3, getifaddrs.3, getipnodebyname.3, hsearch.3, if_nameindex.3, inet_pton.3, mblen.3, mbrlen.3, mbsrtowcs.3, mbtowc.3, mcheck.3, memfrob.3, mq_notify.3, netlink.3, posix_memalign.3, printf.3, pthread_attr_setscope.3, pthread_cleanup_push.3, pthread_kill_other_threads_np.3, pthread_self.3, pthread_setcancelstate.3, pthread_setconcurrency.3, raise.3, resolver.3, rpc.3, rtime.3, rtnetlink.3, scanf.3, setbuf.3, setnetgrent.3, shm_open.3, sigpause.3, sigset.3, sigwait.3, sockatmark.3, strcasecmp.3, strcmp.3, strdup.3, strftime.3, strptime.3, strsignal.3, strverscmp.3, sysv_signal.3, termios.3, wcrtomb.3, wcsnlen.3, wcsnrtombs.3, wcsrtombs.3, wctomb.3, wprintf.3, console_codes.4, cpuid.4, msr.4, rtc.4, sk98lin.4, st.4, tty.4, charmap.5, core.5, elf.5, hosts.equiv.5, proc.5, resolv.conf.5, services.5, slabinfo.5, arp.7, bootparam.7, capabilities.7, charsets.7, cpuset.7, ddp.7, epoll.7, feature_test_macros.7, futex.7, hier.7, icmp.7, inotify.7, ip.7, ipv6.7, man-pages.7, mdoc.7, mdoc.samples.7, netdevice.7, netlink.7, numa.7, packet.7, path_resolution.7, posixoptions.7, pthreads.7, raw.7, rtld-audit.7, rtnetlink.7, sem_overview.7, sigevent.7, socket.7, spufs.7, tcp.7, udp.7, unicode.7, uri.7, utf-8.7, intro.8, ldconfig.8, sync.8: Global fix: fix placement of word "only"
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2013-03-31 08:53:00 +00:00
|
|
|
A file is accessible only if the permissions on each of the
|
2007-07-01 03:23:24 +00:00
|
|
|
directories in the path prefix of
|
|
|
|
.I pathname
|
|
|
|
grant search (i.e., execute) access.
|
|
|
|
If any directory is inaccessible, then the
|
|
|
|
.BR access ()
|
access.2, delete_module.2, eventfd.2, fallocate.2, fcntl.2, getrandom.2, init_module.2, open.2, seccomp.2, timerfd_create.2, openpty.3, pthread_spin_lock.3, shm_open.3, tempnam.3, fifo.7, keyrings.7, pid_namespaces.7, sched.7, thread-keyring.7: wfix (will fail --> fail/fails)
Reported-by: Pedro Alves <palves@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2017-10-20 14:55:10 +00:00
|
|
|
call fails, regardless of the permissions on the file itself.
|
2007-07-01 03:23:24 +00:00
|
|
|
.PP
|
|
|
|
Only access bits are checked, not the file type or contents.
|
|
|
|
Therefore, if a directory is found to be writable,
|
|
|
|
it probably means that files can be created in the directory,
|
|
|
|
and not that the directory can be written as a file.
|
2021-01-28 13:10:10 +00:00
|
|
|
Similarly, a DOS file may be reported as executable, but the
|
2007-07-01 03:23:24 +00:00
|
|
|
.BR execve (2)
|
|
|
|
call will still fail.
|
|
|
|
.PP
|
2014-02-21 07:04:14 +00:00
|
|
|
These calls
|
2013-09-11 20:22:11 +00:00
|
|
|
may not work correctly on NFSv2 filesystems with UID mapping enabled,
|
2007-07-01 03:23:24 +00:00
|
|
|
because UID mapping is done on the server and hidden from the client,
|
localedef.1, access.2, ioctl_console.2, ioctl_fslabel.2, openat2.2, write.2, dlsym.3, getopt.3, nl_langinfo.3, termios.3, xcrypt.3, hosts.equiv.5, nsswitch.conf.5, cgroups.7, man-pages.7, netlink.7, system_data_types.7: srcfix: semantic newlines
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2021-08-08 22:26:25 +00:00
|
|
|
which checks permissions.
|
|
|
|
(NFS versions 3 and higher perform the check on the server.)
|
2013-02-28 13:05:08 +00:00
|
|
|
Similar problems can occur to FUSE mounts.
|
2014-02-26 17:29:50 +00:00
|
|
|
.\"
|
|
|
|
.\"
|
_exit.2, access.2, brk.2, chmod.2, clone.2, epoll_wait.2, eventfd.2, fork.2, getgroups.2, gethostname.2, getpid.2, getpriority.2, killpg.2, mmap.2, poll.2, posix_fadvise.2, pread.2, ptrace.2, readv.2, sched_setaffinity.2, select.2, seteuid.2, setgid.2, setresuid.2, setreuid.2, setuid.2, sigaction.2, signalfd.2, sigpending.2, sigprocmask.2, sigreturn.2, sigsuspend.2, sigwaitinfo.2, stat.2, timer_create.2, uname.2, wait.2, wait4.2, mq_notify.3, mq_open.3, sigqueue.3, man-pages.7: Remove "ABI" from "C library/kernel ABI differences" subheadings
The "ABI" doesn't really convey anything significant in
the title. These subsections are about describing differences
between the kernel and (g)libc interfaces.
Reported-by: Andries E. Brouwer <Andries.Brouwer@cwi.nl>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2015-05-08 11:08:00 +00:00
|
|
|
.SS C library/kernel differences
|
2014-02-21 07:13:27 +00:00
|
|
|
The raw
|
|
|
|
.BR faccessat ()
|
|
|
|
system call takes only the first three arguments.
|
2014-02-21 06:56:59 +00:00
|
|
|
The
|
|
|
|
.B AT_EACCESS
|
|
|
|
and
|
|
|
|
.B AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW
|
|
|
|
flags are actually implemented within the glibc wrapper function for
|
|
|
|
.BR faccessat ().
|
|
|
|
If either of these flags is specified, then the wrapper function employs
|
|
|
|
.BR fstatat (2)
|
2020-11-15 11:21:55 +00:00
|
|
|
to determine access permissions, but see BUGS.
|
|
|
|
.\"
|
2014-05-16 09:09:45 +00:00
|
|
|
.SS Glibc notes
|
|
|
|
On older kernels where
|
|
|
|
.BR faccessat ()
|
|
|
|
is unavailable (and when the
|
|
|
|
.B AT_EACCESS
|
|
|
|
and
|
|
|
|
.B AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW
|
|
|
|
flags are not specified),
|
|
|
|
the glibc wrapper function falls back to the use of
|
|
|
|
.BR access ().
|
|
|
|
When
|
|
|
|
.I pathname
|
|
|
|
is a relative pathname,
|
|
|
|
glibc constructs a pathname based on the symbolic link in
|
|
|
|
.IR /proc/self/fd
|
|
|
|
that corresponds to the
|
|
|
|
.IR dirfd
|
|
|
|
argument.
|
2007-07-01 03:23:24 +00:00
|
|
|
.SH BUGS
|
2020-11-15 11:21:55 +00:00
|
|
|
Because the Linux kernel's
|
|
|
|
.BR faccessat ()
|
|
|
|
system call does not support a
|
|
|
|
.I flags
|
|
|
|
argument, the glibc
|
|
|
|
.BR faccessat ()
|
2020-11-15 11:44:34 +00:00
|
|
|
wrapper function provided in glibc 2.32 and earlier
|
|
|
|
emulates the required functionality using
|
2020-11-15 11:21:55 +00:00
|
|
|
a combination of the
|
|
|
|
.BR faccessat ()
|
|
|
|
system call and
|
|
|
|
.BR fstatat (2).
|
|
|
|
However, this emulation does not take ACLs into account.
|
2020-11-15 11:44:34 +00:00
|
|
|
Starting with glibc 2.33, the wrapper function avoids this bug
|
|
|
|
by making use of the
|
|
|
|
.BR faccessat2 ()
|
|
|
|
system call where it is provided by the underlying kernel.
|
2020-11-15 11:21:55 +00:00
|
|
|
.PP
|
2007-07-01 03:23:24 +00:00
|
|
|
In kernel 2.4 (and earlier) there is some strangeness in the handling of
|
|
|
|
.B X_OK
|
|
|
|
tests for superuser.
|
|
|
|
If all categories of execute permission are disabled
|
accept.2, access.2, acct.2, clock_nanosleep.2, mbind.2, mincore.2, remap_file_pages.2, sched_setscheduler.2, set_mempolicy.2, splice.2, stat.2, syslog.2, timer_create.2, timerfd_create.2, truncate.2, fenv.3, ferror.3, fflush.3, fgetwc.3, fgetws.3, flockfile.3, fputwc.3, fputws.3, fread.3, getopt.3, gets.3, getwchar.3, glob.3, iconv.3, longjmp.3, pow.3, printf.3, puts.3, putwchar.3, regex.3, rpc.3, scanf.3, setjmp.3, termios.3, unlocked_stdio.3, wcswidth.3, hd.4, rtc.4, st.4, core.5, dir_colors.5, elf.5, proc.5, arp.7, ascii.7, boot.7, bootparam.7, charsets.7, futex.7, ip.7, iso_8859-11.7, man-pages.7, man.7, mdoc.samples.7, path_resolution.7, pipe.7, posixoptions.7, unicode.7, unix.7, uri.7, utf-8.7, ld.so.8: s/non-/non/
The tendency in English, as prescribed in style guides like
Chicago MoS, is towards removing hyphens after prefixes
like "non-" etc.
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2010-01-16 17:20:12 +00:00
|
|
|
for a nondirectory file, then the only
|
2007-07-01 03:23:24 +00:00
|
|
|
.BR access ()
|
|
|
|
test that returns \-1 is when
|
|
|
|
.I mode
|
|
|
|
is specified as just
|
|
|
|
.BR X_OK ;
|
|
|
|
if
|
|
|
|
.B R_OK
|
|
|
|
or
|
|
|
|
.B W_OK
|
|
|
|
is also specified in
|
|
|
|
.IR mode ,
|
|
|
|
then
|
|
|
|
.BR access ()
|
|
|
|
returns 0 for such files.
|
|
|
|
.\" This behavior appears to have been an implementation accident.
|
|
|
|
Early 2.6 kernels (up to and including 2.6.3)
|
|
|
|
also behaved in the same way as kernel 2.4.
|
2017-08-15 06:29:00 +00:00
|
|
|
.PP
|
2007-05-18 16:06:42 +00:00
|
|
|
In kernels before 2.6.20,
|
2014-02-21 07:04:14 +00:00
|
|
|
these calls ignored the effect of the
|
2007-05-18 16:06:42 +00:00
|
|
|
.B MS_NOEXEC
|
|
|
|
flag if it was used to
|
|
|
|
.BR mount (2)
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intro.1, time.1, access.2, acct.2, alloc_hugepages.2, bind.2, chdir.2, chmod.2, chown.2, chroot.2, clone.2, close.2, execve.2, fallocate.2, fcntl.2, getdents.2, getrusage.2, getxattr.2, init_module.2, inotify_add_watch.2, ioprio_set.2, kcmp.2, link.2, listxattr.2, lseek.2, madvise.2, mkdir.2, mknod.2, mmap.2, mount.2, move_pages.2, msgctl.2, nfsservctl.2, open.2, pivot_root.2, quotactl.2, read.2, readlink.2, removexattr.2, rename.2, rmdir.2, semctl.2, setfsgid.2, setfsuid.2, setresuid.2, setuid.2, setup.2, setxattr.2, shmctl.2, splice.2, spu_create.2, stat.2, statfs.2, swapon.2, symlink.2, sync.2, sync_file_range.2, sysfs.2, truncate.2, umount.2, unlink.2, unshare.2, ustat.2, utime.2, utimensat.2, write.2, btree.3, errno.3, fexecve.3, ftw.3, futimes.3, get_nprocs_conf.3, getcwd.3, getdirentries.3, getmntent.3, glob.3, mkfifo.3, mq_open.3, readdir.3, realpath.3, recno.3, remove.3, sem_open.3, shm_open.3, statvfs.3, sysconf.3, telldir.3, tmpfile.3, cciss.4, initrd.4, pts.4, sk98lin.4, vcs.4, core.5, filesystems.5, proc.5, boot.7, bootparam.7, capabilities.7, cpuset.7, credentials.7, feature_test_macros.7, fifo.7, hier.7, inotify.7, intro.7, mq_overview.7, path_resolution.7, pipe.7, sem_overview.7, shm_overview.7, spufs.7, symlink.7, unix.7, uri.7, sync.8: Global fix: s/file system/filesystem/
Notwithstanding 24d01c530c5a3f75217543d02bf6712395e5f90c,
"filesystem" is the form used by the great majority of man pages
outside the man-pages project and in a number of other sources,
so let's go with that.
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2013-08-08 08:07:57 +00:00
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the underlying filesystem.
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2014-02-21 07:04:14 +00:00
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Since kernel 2.6.20, the
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.B MS_NOEXEC
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2015-05-08 09:54:36 +00:00
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flag is honored.
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iconv.1, localedef.1, access.2, execveat.2, fanotify_init.2, futex.2, ioctl_fat.2, mount.2, ftw.3, sd.4, tty_ioctl.4, fanotify.7, futex.7, posixoptions.7, iconvconfig.8: srcfix: Remove useless quotes from .SS and .SH sections
Signed-off-by: Stéphane Aulery <saulery@free.fr>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2015-03-08 02:03:52 +00:00
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.SH SEE ALSO
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.BR chmod (2),
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.BR chown (2),
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.BR open (2),
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.BR setgid (2),
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.BR setuid (2),
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2007-05-06 08:38:24 +00:00
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.BR stat (2),
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2007-05-28 15:42:02 +00:00
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.BR euidaccess (3),
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2007-06-08 07:57:18 +00:00
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.BR credentials (7),
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2014-02-21 06:56:59 +00:00
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.BR path_resolution (7),
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.BR symlink (7)
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