man-pages/man5/locale.5

.\" Copyright (C) 1994  Jochen Hein (Hein@Student.TU-Clausthal.de)
.\" Copyright (C) 2008  Petr Baudis (pasky@suse.cz)
.\" Copyright (C) 2014 Michael Kerrisk <mtk@manpages@gmail.com>
.\"
.\" %%%LICENSE_START(GPLv2+_SW_3_PARA)
.\" This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
.\" it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
.\" the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
.\" (at your option) any later version.
.\"
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.\" but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
.\" MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
.\" GNU General Public License for more details.
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.\" License along with this manual; if not, see
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.\" %%%LICENSE_END
.\"
.\" 2008-06-17 Petr Baudis <pasky@suse.cz>
.\"     LC_TIME: Describe first_weekday and first_workday
.\"
.TH LOCALE 5 2014-05-23 "Linux" "Linux User Manual"
.SH NAME
locale \- describes a locale definition file
.SH DESCRIPTION
The
.B locale
definition file contains all the information that the
.BR localedef (1)
command needs to convert it into the binary locale database.

The definition files consist of sections which each describe a
locale category in detail.
.SS Syntax
The locale definition file starts with a header that may consist
of the following keywords:
.TP
.I <escape_char>
is followed by a character that should be used as the
escape-character for the rest of the file to mark characters that
should be interpreted in a special way.
It defaults to the backslash (\\).
.TP
.I <comment_char>
is followed by a character that will be used as the
comment-character for the rest of the file.
It defaults to the number sign (#).
.PP
The locale definition has one part for each locale category.
Each part can be copied from another existing locale or
can be defined from scratch.
If the category should be copied,
the only valid keyword in the definition is
.B copy
followed by the name of the locale which should be copied.
.SS Locale category sections
The following category sections are defined by POSIX:
.IP * 3
.B LC_CTYPE
.IP *
.B LC_COLLATE
.IP *
.B LC_MESSAGES
.IP *
.B LC_MONETARY
.IP *
.B LC_NUMERIC
.IP *
.B LC_TIME
.PP
In addition, since version 2.2,
the GNU C library supports the following nonstandard categories:
.IP * 3
.B LC_ADDRESS
.IP *
.B LC_IDENTIFICATION
.IP *
.B LC_MEASUREMENT
.IP *
.B LC_NAME
.IP *
.B LC_PAPER
.IP *
.B LC_TELEPHONE
.SS LC_ADDRESS
The definition starts with the string
.B LC_ADDRESS
in the first column.

The following keywords are allowed:
.\" Thanks to the kind folk who wrote localedata/locales/uk_UA
.TP
.I postal_fmt
followed by a string containing field descriptors that define
the format used for postal addresses in the locale.
The following field descriptors are recognized:
.\" From localedata/locales/uk_UA:
.RS
.\" .TP
.\" %n
.\" 	BUG: %l escape sequence from ISO/IEC 14652:2002 is not supported
.\"	by glibc
.\" Person's name, possibly constructed with the
.\" .B LC_NAME
.\" .I name_fmt
.\" keyword.
.TP
%a
Care of person, or organization.
.TP
%f
Firm name.
.TP
%d
Department name.
.TP
%b
Building name.
.TP
%s
Street or block (e.g., Japanese) name.
.TP
%h
House number or designation.
.TP
%N
Insert an end-of-line if the previous descriptor's value was not an empty
string; otherwise ignore.
.TP
%t
Insert a space if the previous descriptor's value was not an empty string;
otherwise ignore.
.TP
%r
Room number, door designation.
.TP
%e
Floor number.
.TP
%C
Country designation, from the <country_post> keyword.
.\" .TP
.\" %l
.\"	 BUG: %l escape sequence from ISO/IEC 14652:2002 is not
.\"	supported by glibc
.\" Local township within town or city.
.TP
%z
Zip number, postal code.
.TP
%T
Town, city.
.TP
%S
State, province, or prefecture.
.TP
%c
Country, as taken from data record.
.PP
Each field descriptor may have an \(aqR\(aq after
the \(aq%\(aq to specify that the
information is taken from a Romanized version string of the
entity.
.RE

.TP
.I country_name
followed by the country name in the language of the current document
(e.g., "Deutschland" for the
.IR de_DE
locale).
.TP
.I country_post
followed by the abbreviation of the country (see CERT_MAILCODES).
.TP
.I country_ab2
followed by the two-letter abbreviation of the country (ISO 3166).
.TP
.I country_ab3
followed by the three-letter abbreviation of the country (ISO 3166).
.TP
.I country_num
followed by the numeric country code (ISO 3166).
.TP
.I country_car
followed by the code for the country car number.
.TP
.I country_isbn
followed by the ISBN code (for books).
.TP
.I lang_name
followed by the language name in the language of the current document.
.TP
.I lang_ab
followed by the two-letter abbreviation of the language (ISO 639).
.TP
.I lang_term
followed by the three-letter abbreviation of the language (ISO 639-2/T).
.TP
.I lang_lib
followed by the three-letter abbreviation of the language for library
use (ISO 639-2/B).
Applications should in general prefer
.IR lang_term
over
.IR lang_lib .
.PP
The
.B LC_ADDRESS
definition ends with the string
.IR "END LC_ADDRESS" .
.SS LC_CTYPE
The definition starts with the string
.B LC_CTYPE
in the first column.

The following keywords are allowed:
.\" FIXME translit_start + translit_end are not documented
.\" FIXME 'charclass' is not documented
.\" FIXME 'charconv' is not documented
.\" FIXME 'outdigit' is not documented
.\" FIXME 'include' is not documented
.\" FIXME 'map' (to_inpunct, to_outpunct) is not documented
.TP
.I upper
followed by a list of uppercase letters.
The letters
.B A
through
.B Z
are included automatically.
Characters also specified as
.BR cntrl ,
.BR digit ,
.BR punct ,
or
.B space
are not allowed.
.TP
.I lower
followed by a list of lowercase letters.
The letters
.B a
through
.B z
are included automatically.
Characters also specified as
.BR cntrl ,
.BR digit ,
.BR punct ,
or
.B space
are not allowed.
.TP
.I alpha
followed by a list of letters.
All character specified as either
.B upper
or
.B lower
are automatically included.
Characters also specified as
.BR cntrl ,
.BR digit ,
.BR punct ,
or
.B space
are not allowed.
.TP
.I digit
followed by the characters classified as numeric digits.
Only the
digits
.B 0
through
.B 9
are allowed.
They are included by default in this class.
.TP
.I space
followed by a list of characters defined as white-space
characters.
Characters also specified as
.BR upper ,
.BR lower ,
.BR alpha ,
.BR digit ,
.BR graph ,
or
.B xdigit
are not allowed.
The characters
.BR <space> ,
.BR <form-feed> ,
.BR <newline> ,
.BR <carriage-return> ,
.BR <tab> ,
and
.B <vertical-tab>
are automatically included.
.TP
.I cntrl
followed by a list of control characters.
Characters also specified as
.BR upper ,
.BR lower ,
.BR alpha ,
.BR digit ,
.BR punct ,
.BR graph ,
.BR print ,
or
.B xdigit
are not allowed.
.TP
.I punct
followed by a list of punctuation characters.
Characters also
specified as
.BR upper ,
.BR lower ,
.BR alpha ,
.BR digit ,
.BR cntrl ,
.BR xdigit ,
or the
.B <space>
character are not allowed.
.TP
.I graph
followed by a list of printable characters, not including the
.B <space>
character.
The characters defined as
.BR upper ,
.BR lower ,
.BR alpha ,
.BR digit ,
.BR xdigit ,
and
.B punct
are automatically included.
Characters also specified as
.B cntrl
are not allowed.
.TP
.I print
followed by a list of printable characters, including the
.B <space>
character.
The characters defined as
.BR upper ,
.BR lower ,
.BR alpha ,
.BR digit ,
.BR xdigit ,
.BR punct ,
and the
.B <space>
character are automatically included.
Characters also specified as
.B cntrl
are not allowed.
.TP
.I xdigit
followed by a list of characters classified as hexadecimal
digits.
The decimal digits must be included followed by one or
more set of six characters in ascending order.
The following
characters are included by default:
.B 0
through
.BR 9 ,
.B a
through
.BR f ,
.B A
through
.BR F .
.TP
.I blank
followed by a list of characters classified as
.BR blank .
The characters
.B <space>
and
.B <tab>
are automatically included.
.TP
.I toupper
followed by a list of mappings from lowercase to uppercase
letters.
Each mapping is a pair of a lowercase and an uppercase letter
separated with a
.B ,
and enclosed in parentheses.
The members of the list are separated
with semicolons.
.TP
.I tolower
followed by a list of mappings from uppercase to lowercase
letters.
If the keyword tolower is not present, the reverse of the
toupper list is used.
.PP
The
.B LC_CTYPE
definition ends with the string
.IR "END LC_CTYPE" .
.SS LC_COLLATE
.\" FIXME: the description of LC_COLLATE lacks a lot of details
The
.B LC_COLLATE
category defines the rules for collating characters.
Due to
limitations of libc not all POSIX-options are implemented.

The definition starts with the string
.B LC_COLLATE
in the first column.

The following keywords are allowed:
.\" FIXME 'script' is not documented
.\" FIXME 'symbol-equivalence' is not documented
.TP
.I collating-element
followed by the definition of a collating-element symbol
representing a multicharacter collating element.
.TP
.I collating-symbol
followed by the definition of a collating symbol
that can be used in collation order statements.
.PP
The order-definition starts with a line:
.TP
.I order_start
followed by a list of keywords chosen from
.BR forward ,
.BR backward ,
or
.BR position .
The order definition consists of lines that describe the order
and is terminated with the keyword
.IR order_end .
.\" FIXME 'reorder-after' is not documented
.\" FIXME 'reorder-end' is not documented
.\" FIXME 'reorder-sections-after' is not documented
.\" FIXME 'reorder-sections-end' is not documented
.PP
The
.B LC_COLLATE
definition ends with the string
.IR "END LC_COLLATE" .
.SS LC_IDENTIFICATION
This category contains meta-information about the locale definition.

The definition starts with the string
.B LC_IDENTIFICATION
in the first column.

The following keywords are allowed:
.TP
.I title
followed by the title of the locale document
(e.g., "Maori language locale for New Zealand").
.TP
.I source
followed by the name of the organization that maintains this document.
.TP
.I address
followed by the address of the organization that maintains this document.
.TP
.I contact
followed by the name of the contact person at
the organization that maintains this document.
.TP
.I email
followed by the email address of the person or
organization that maintains this document.
.TP
.I tel
followed by the telephone number (in international format)
of the organization that maintains this document.
.TP
.I fax
followed by the fax number (in international format)
of the organization that maintains this document.
.TP
.I language
followed by the name of the language to which this document applies.
.TP
.I territory
followed by the name of the country/geographic extent
to which this document applies.
.TP
.I audience
followed by a description of the audience for which this document is intended.
.TP
.I application
followed by a description of any special application
for which this document is intended.
.TP
.I abbreviation
.\" as far as I can tell... (mtk)
followed by the short name for this document.
.TP
.I revision
followed by the revision number of this document.
.TP
.I date
followed by the revision date of this document.
.PP
In addition, for each of the categories defined by the document,
there should be a line starting with the keyword
.IR category ,
followed by:
.IP * 3
a string that identifies this locale category definition,
.IP *
a semicolon, and
.IP *
one of the
.BI LC_ *
identifiers.
.PP
The
.B LC_IDENTIFICATION
definition ends with the string
.IR "END LC_IDENTIFICATION" .
.SS LC_MESSAGES
The definition starts with the string
.B LC_MESSAGES
in the first column.

The following keywords are allowed:
.TP
.I yesexpr
followed by a regular expression that describes possible
yes-responses.
.TP
.I noexpr
followed by a regular expression that describes possible
no-responses.
.TP
.I yesstr
followed by the output string corresponding to "yes".
.TP
.I nostr
followed by the output string corresponding to "no".
.PP
The
.B LC_MESSAGES
definition ends with the string
.IR "END LC_MESSAGES" .
.SS LC_MEASUREMENT
The definition starts with the string
.B LC_MEASUREMENT
in the first column.

The following keywords are allowed:
.TP
.I measurement
followed by number identifying the standard used for measurement.
The following values are recognized:
.RS
.TP
.B 1
Metric.
.TP
.B 2
US customary measurements.
.RE
.PP
The
.B LC_MEASUREMENT
definition ends with the string
.IR "END LC_MEASUREMENT" .
.SS LC_MONETARY
The definition starts with the string
.B LC_MONETARY
in the first column.

The following keywords are allowed:
.TP
.I int_curr_symbol
followed by the international currency symbol.
This must be a
4-character string containing the international currency symbol as
defined by the ISO 4217 standard (three characters) followed by a
separator.
.TP
.I currency_symbol
followed by the local currency symbol.
.TP
.I mon_decimal_point
followed by the string that will be used as the decimal delimiter
when formatting monetary quantities.
.TP
.I mon_thousands_sep
followed by the string that will be used as a group separator
when formatting monetary quantities.
.TP
.I mon_grouping
followed by a sequence of integers separated by semicolons that
describe the formatting of monetary quantities.
See
.I grouping
below for details.
.TP
.I positive_sign
followed by a string that is used to indicate a positive sign for
monetary quantities.
.TP
.I negative_sign
followed by a string that is used to indicate a negative sign for
monetary quantities.
.TP
.I int_frac_digits
followed by the number of fractional digits that should be used when
formatting with the
.IR int_curr_symbol .
.TP
.I frac_digits
followed by the number of fractional digits that should be used when
formatting with the
.IR currency_symbol .
.TP
.I p_cs_precedes
followed by an integer that indicates the placement of
.I currency_symbol
for a nonnegative formatted monetary quantity:
.RS
.TP
.B 0
the symbol succeeds the value.
.TP
.B 1
the symbol precedes the value.
.RE
.TP
.I n_cs_precedes
followed by an integer that indicates the placement of
.I currency_symbol
for a negative formatted monetary quantity.
The same values are recognized as for
.IR p_cs_precedes .
.TP
.I int_p_cs_precedes
followed by an integer that indicates the placement of
.I int_currency_symbol
for a nonnegative internationally formatted monetary quantity.
The same values are recognized as for
.IR p_cs_precedes .
.TP
.I int_n_cs_precedes
followed by an integer that indicates the placement of
.I int_currency_symbol
for a negative internationally formatted monetary quantity.
The same values are recognized as for
.IR p_cs_precedes .
.TP
.I p_sep_by_space
followed by an integer that indicates the separation of
.IR currency_symbol ,
the sign string, and the value for a nonnegative formatted monetary quantity.
The following values are recognized:
.RS
.TP
.B 0
No space separates the currency symbol and the value.
.TP
.B 1
If the currency symbol and the sign string are adjacent,
a space separates them from the value;
otherwise a space separates the currency symbol and the value.
.TP
.B 2
If the currency symbol and the sign string are adjacent,
a space separates them from the value;
otherwise a space separates the sign string and the value.
.RE
.TP
.I n_sep_by_space
followed by an integer that indicates the separation of
.IR currency_symbol ,
the sign string, and the value for a negative formatted monetary quantity.
The same values are recognized as for
.IR p_sep_by_space .
.TP
.I int_p_sep_by_space
followed by an integer that indicates the separation of
.IR int_currency_symbol ,
the sign string,
and the value for a nonnegative internationally formatted monetary quantity.
The same values are recognized as for
.IR p_sep_by_space .
.TP
.I int_n_sep_by_space
followed by an integer that indicates the separation of
.IR int_currency_symbol ,
the sign string,
and the value for a negative internationally formatted monetary quantity.
The same values are recognized as for
.IR p_sep_by_space .
.TP
.I p_sign_posn
followed by an integer that indicates where the
.I positive_sign
should be placed for a nonnegative monetary quantity:
.RS
.TP
.B 0
Parentheses enclose the quantity and the
.I currency_symbol
or
.IR int_curr_symbol .
.TP
.B 1
The sign string precedes the quantity and the
.I currency_symbol
or the
.IR int_curr_symbol .
.TP
.B 2
The sign string succeeds the quantity and the
.I currency_symbol
or the
.IR int_curr_symbol .
.TP
.B 3
The sign string precedes the
.I currency_symbol
or the
.IR int_curr_symbol .
.TP
.B 4
The sign string succeeds the
.I currency_symbol
or the
.IR int_curr_symbol .
.RE
.TP
.I n_sign_posn
followed by an integer that indicates where the
.I negative_sign
should be placed for a negative monetary quantity.
The same values are recognized as for
.IR p_sign_posn .
.TP
.I int_p_sign_posn
followed by an integer that indicates where the
.I negative_sign
should be placed for a nonnegative
internationally formatted monetary quantity.
The same values are recognized as for
.IR p_sign_posn .
.TP
.I int_n_sign_posn
followed by an integer that indicates where the
.I negative_sign
should be placed for a negative
internationally formatted monetary quantity.
The same values are recognized as for
.IR p_sign_posn .
.PP
The
.B LC_MONETARY
definition ends with the string
.IR "END LC_MONETARY" .
.SS LC_NAME
The definition starts with the string
.B LC_NAME
in the first column.

Various keywords are allowed, but only
.IR name_fmt
is mandatory.
Other keywords are needed only if there is common convention to
use the corresponding salutation in this locale.
The allowed keywords are as follows:
.TP
.I name_fmt
followed by a string containing field descriptors that define
the format used for names in the locale.
The following field descriptors are recognized:
.\" From localedata/locales/uk_UA:
.RS
.TP
%f
Family name(s).
.TP
%F
Family names in uppercase.
.TP
%g
First given name.
.TP
%G
First given initial.
.TP
%l
First given name with Latin letters.
.TP
%o
Other shorter name.
.TP
%m
Additional given name(s).
.TP
%M
Initials for additional given name(s).
.TP
%p
Profession.
.TP
%s
Salutation, such as "Doctor".
.TP
%S
Abbreviated salutation, such as "Mr." or "Dr.".
.TP
%d
Salutation, using the FDCC-sets conventions.
.\"  1 for the name_gen
.\"	    In glibc 2.19, %d1 is used in only:
.\"	        /home/mtk/ARCHIVE/GLIBC/glibc-2.19/localedata/locales/bem_ZM
.\"	        /home/mtk/ARCHIVE/GLIBC/glibc-2.19/localedata/locales/zh_HK
.\"	    In glibc 2.19, %d[2-5] appear to be not used at all
.\"  2 for name_mr
.\"  3 for name_mrs
.\"  4 for name_miss
.\"  5 for name_ms
.TP
%t
If the preceding field descriptor resulted in an empty string,
then the empty string, otherwise a space character.
.RE
.TP
.I name_gen
followed by the general salutation for any gender.
.TP
.I name_mr
followed by the salutation for men.
.TP
.I name_mrs
followed by the salutation for married women.
.TP
.I name_miss
followed by the salutation for unmarried women.
.TP
.I name_ms
followed by the salutation valid for all women.
.PP
The
.B LC_NAME
definition ends with the string
.IR "END LC_NAME" .
.SS LC_NUMERIC
The definition starts with the string
.B LC_NUMERIC
in the first column.

The following keywords are allowed:
.TP
.I decimal_point
followed by the string that will be used as the decimal delimiter
when formatting numeric quantities.
.TP
.I thousands_sep
followed by the string that will be used as a group separator
when formatting numeric quantities.
.TP
.I grouping
followed by a sequence of integers separated by semicolons that
describe the formatting of numeric quantities.
.IP
Each integer specifies the number of digits in a group.
The first integer defines the size of the group immediately
to the left of the decimal delimiter.
Subsequent integers define succeeding groups to the
left of the previous group.
If the last integer is not \-1, then the size of the previous group
(if any) is repeatedly used for the remainder of the digits.
If the last integer is \-1, then no further grouping is performed.
.PP
The
.B LC_NUMERIC
definition ends with the string
.IR "END LC_NUMERIC" .
.SS LC_PAPER
The definition starts with the string
.B LC_PAPER
in the first column.

The following keywords are allowed:
.TP
.I height
followed by the height, in millimeters, of the standard paper format.
.TP
.I width
followed by the width, in millimeters, of the standard paper format.
.PP
The
.B LC_PAPER
definition ends with the string
.IR "END LC_PAPER" .
.SS LC_TELEPHONE
The definition starts with the string
.B LC_TELEPHONE
in the first column.

The following keywords are allowed:
.TP
.I tel_int_fmt
followed by a string that contains field descriptors that identify
the format used to dial international numbers.
The following field descriptors are recognized:
.\" From localedata/locales/uk_UA
.RS
.TP
%a
Area code without nationwide prefix (the prefix is often "00").
.TP
%A
Area code including nationwide prefix.
.TP
%l
Local number (within area code).
.TP
%e
Extension (to local number).
.TP
%c
Country code.
.TP
%C
Alternate carrier service code used for dialing abroad.
.TP
%t
If the preceding field descriptor resulted in an empty string,
then the empty string, otherwise a space character.
.RE
.TP
.I tel_dom_fmt
followed by a string that contains field descriptors that identify
the format used to dial domestic numbers.
The recognized field descriptors are the same as for
.IR tel_int_fmt .
.TP
.I int_select
followed by the prefix used to call international phone numbers.
.TP
.I int_prefix
followed by the prefix used from other countries to dial this country.
.PP
The
.B LC_TELEPHONE
definition ends with the string
.IR "END LC_TELEPHONE" .
.SS LC_TIME
The definition starts with the string
.B LC_TIME
in the first column.

The following keywords are allowed:
.\" FIXME 'era', 'era_d_fmt', 'era_d_t_fmt', 'era_t_fmt',  are not documented
.\" FIXME 'timezone' is not documented
.TP
.I abday
followed by a list of abbreviated names of the days of the week.
The list starts with the first day of the week
as specified by
.I week
(Sunday by default).
.TP
.I day
followed by a list of names of the days of the week.
The list starts with the first day of the week
as specified by
.I week
(Sunday by default).
.TP
.I abmon
followed by a list of abbreviated month names.
.TP
.I mon
followed by a list of month names.
.TP
.I am_pm
followed by the appropriate representation of the
.B am
and
.B pm
strings.
This should not be defined for locales not using AM/PM convention.
.TP
.I d_t_fmt
followed by the appropriate date and time format.
.TP
.I d_fmt
followed by the appropriate date format.
.TP
.I t_fmt
followed by the appropriate time format.
.TP
.I t_fmt_ampm
followed by the appropriate time format when using 12h clock format.
This should be defined only for locales using the AM/PM convention.
.TP
.I week
followed by a list of three values:
The number of days in a week (by default 7),
a date of beginning of the week (by default corresponds to Sunday),
and the minimal length of the first week in year (by default 4).
Regarding the start of the week,
.B 19971130
shall be used for Sunday and
.B 19971201
shall be used for Monday.
Thus, countries using
.B 19971130
should have local Sunday name as the first day in the
.I day
list,
while countries using
.B 19971201
should have Monday translation as the first item in the
.I day
list.
.TP
.IR first_weekday " (since glibc 2.2)"
followed by the number of the first day from the
.I day
list to be shown in calendar applications.
The default value of
.B 1
corresponds to either Sunday or Monday depending
on the value of the second
.I week
list item.
.TP
.IR first_workday " (since glibc 2.2)"
followed by the number of the first working day from the
.I day
list.
.TP
.I cal_direction
.\" from localedata/locales/uk_UA
followed by a value that indicates the direction for the
display of calendar dates, as follows:
.RS
.TP
.B 1
Left-right from top.
.TP
.B 2
Top-down from left.
.TP
.B 3
Right-left from top.
.RE
.TP
.I date_fmt
followed by the appropriate date representation for
.BR date (1).
.PP
The
.B LC_TIME
definition ends with the string
.IR "END LC_TIME" .
.SH FILES
/usr/lib/locale/
\(em database for the current locale setting of that category
.br
/usr/lib/nls/charmap/* \(em charmap-files
.SH CONFORMING TO
POSIX.2, ISO/IEC TR 14652.
.SH BUGS
This manual page isn't complete.
.\" .SH AUTHOR
.\" Jochen Hein (Hein@Student.TU-Clausthal.de)
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR locale (1),
.BR localedef (1),
.BR localeconv (3),
.BR newlocale (3),
.BR setlocale (3),
.BR uselocale (3),
.BR charmap (5),
.BR locale (7)