2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.\" Hey Emacs! This file is -*- nroff -*- source.
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.\"
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.\" This manpage is Copyright (C) 1992 Drew Eckhardt;
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.\" 1993 Michael Haardt
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.\" 1993,1994 Ian Jackson.
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.\" You may distribute it under the terms of the GNU General
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2007-06-08 09:56:56 +00:00
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.\" Public License. It comes with NO WARRANTY.
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.\"
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.\" Modified 1996-08-18 by urs
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.\" Modified 2003-04-23 by Michael Kerrisk
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2007-09-20 06:52:22 +00:00
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.\" Modified 2004-06-23 by Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.\"
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_exit.2, brk.2, capget.2, chdir.2, chmod.2, chown.2, chroot.2, getdtablesize.2, gethostname.2, getpagesize.2, getsid.2, killpg.2, mknod.2, mknodat.2, poll.2, posix_fadvise.2, pread.2, readlink.2, setpgid.2, setreuid.2, sigaltstack.2, stat.2, symlink.2, sync.2, truncate.2, vfork.2, wait.2, wait4.2, a64l.3, abs.3, acos.3, acosh.3, asin.3, asinh.3, atan.3, atan2.3, atoi.3, cbrt.3, ceil.3, copysign.3, cosh.3, dirfd.3, div.3, ecvt.3, erf.3, erfc.3, exp.3, exp2.3, fabs.3, fdim.3, ffs.3, floor.3, fma.3, fmax.3, fmin.3, fmod.3, fpclassify.3, frexp.3, ftw.3, fwide.3, gcvt.3, getcwd.3, getdate.3, getgrent.3, gethostid.3, getpass.3, getpwent.3, getsubopt.3, getw.3, hypot.3, ilogb.3, index.3, isalpha.3, isgreater.3, iswblank.3, j0.3, ldexp.3, lockf.3, log.3, log10.3, log1p.3, logb.3, lrint.3, lround.3, mkstemp.3, mktemp.3, modf.3, mq_receive.3, mq_send.3, nan.3, nextafter.3, posix_fallocate.3, posix_memalign.3, printf.3, qecvt.3, random.3, realpath.3, remainder.3, remquo.3, rint.3, round.3, scalb.3, scalbln.3, scanf.3, siginterrupt.3, signbit.3, sigset.3, sinh.3, sqrt.3, strcasecmp.3, strcat.3, strchr.3, strcmp.3, strcoll.3, strcpy.3, strfry.3, strpbrk.3, strsep.3, strspn.3, strstr.3, strtod.3, strtok.3, strtol.3, strtoul.3, strxfrm.3, tanh.3, tgamma.3, trunc.3, ttyslot.3, ualarm.3, usleep.3, wprintf.3, armscii-8.7, cp1251.7, iso_8859-10.7, iso_8859-11.7, iso_8859-13.7, iso_8859-14.7, iso_8859-3.7, iso_8859-5.7, iso_8859-6.7, iso_8859-8.7, koi8-u.7: tstamp
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2010-09-19 17:19:13 +00:00
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.TH MKNOD 2 2010-09-20 "Linux" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.SH NAME
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mknod \- create a special or ordinary file
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.SH SYNOPSIS
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.nf
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.B #include <sys/types.h>
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.B #include <sys/stat.h>
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.B #include <fcntl.h>
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.B #include <unistd.h>
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.sp
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.BI "int mknod(const char *" pathname ", mode_t " mode ", dev_t " dev );
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.fi
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2007-07-08 12:11:40 +00:00
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.sp
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.in -4n
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Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see
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.BR feature_test_macros (7)):
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.in
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.sp
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.BR mknod ():
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2010-09-18 09:40:42 +00:00
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.ad l
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.RS 4
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_BSD_SOURCE || _SVID_SOURCE || _XOPEN_SOURCE\ >=\ 500 ||
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_XOPEN_SOURCE\ &&\ _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED
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.RE
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.ad
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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The system call
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2005-10-19 06:54:38 +00:00
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.BR mknod ()
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2008-03-19 07:26:08 +00:00
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creates a file system node (file, device special file or
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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named pipe) named
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.IR pathname ,
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with attributes specified by
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.I mode
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and
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.IR dev .
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The
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.I mode
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argument specifies both the permissions to use and the type of node
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to be created.
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It should be a combination (using bitwise OR) of one of the file types
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listed below and the permissions for the new node.
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The permissions are modified by the process's
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2007-09-20 16:26:31 +00:00
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.I umask
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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in the usual way: the permissions of the created node are
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2007-06-23 07:19:07 +00:00
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.IR "(mode & ~umask)" .
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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The file type must be one of
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.BR S_IFREG ,
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.BR S_IFCHR ,
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.BR S_IFBLK ,
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2007-09-20 16:26:31 +00:00
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.B S_IFIFO
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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or
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2007-09-20 16:26:31 +00:00
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.B S_IFSOCK
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.\" (S_IFSOCK since Linux 1.2.4)
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2008-03-19 11:56:53 +00:00
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to specify a regular file (which will be created empty), character
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intro.1, time.1, accept.2, bind.2, connect.2, execve.2, flock.2, getdents.2, getpriority.2, getuid.2, intro.2, ioctl.2, mincore.2, mknod.2, personality.2, ptrace.2, read.2, recv.2, select_tut.2, send.2, sendfile.2, shmctl.2, sigaction.2, signal.2, stat.2, times.2, truncate.2, umask.2, wait.2, MB_CUR_MAX.3, MB_LEN_MAX.3, argz_add.3, btowc.3, clearenv.3, clock.3, cmsg.3, end.3, endian.3, errno.3, exit.3, fgetwc.3, fgetws.3, fopen.3, fputwc.3, fputws.3, fseek.3, fwide.3, getfsent.3, getgrnam.3, gethostid.3, getipnodebyname.3, getmntent.3, getpwnam.3, getwchar.3, grantpt.3, iconv.3, iconv_close.3, iconv_open.3, insque.3, intro.3, iswalnum.3, iswalpha.3, iswblank.3, iswcntrl.3, iswctype.3, iswdigit.3, iswgraph.3, iswlower.3, iswprint.3, iswpunct.3, iswspace.3, iswupper.3, iswxdigit.3, malloc.3, mblen.3, mbrlen.3, mbrtowc.3, mbsinit.3, mbsnrtowcs.3, mbsrtowcs.3, mbstowcs.3, mbtowc.3, mkstemp.3, mktemp.3, nl_langinfo.3, openpty.3, posix_openpt.3, printf.3, ptsname.3, putwchar.3, qecvt.3, rcmd.3, readdir.3, rexec.3, rpc.3, setnetgrent.3, shm_open.3, sigpause.3, stdin.3, stpcpy.3, strftime.3, strptime.3, syslog.3, towctrans.3, towlower.3, towupper.3, ttyslot.3, ungetwc.3, unlocked_stdio.3, wcpcpy.3, wcpncpy.3, wcrtomb.3, wcscasecmp.3, wcscat.3, wcschr.3, wcscmp.3, wcscpy.3, wcscspn.3, wcsdup.3, wcslen.3, wcsncasecmp.3, wcsncat.3, wcsncmp.3, wcsncpy.3, wcsnlen.3, wcsnrtombs.3, wcspbrk.3, wcsrchr.3, wcsrtombs.3, wcsspn.3, wcsstr.3, wcstok.3, wcstombs.3, wcswidth.3, wctob.3, wctomb.3, wctrans.3, wctype.3, wcwidth.3, wmemchr.3, wmemcmp.3, wmemcpy.3, wmemmove.3, wmemset.3, wprintf.3, console_ioctl.4, pts.4, elf.5, filesystems.5, hosts.5, proc.5, ttytype.5, boot.7, capabilities.7, credentials.7, epoll.7, glob.7, koi8-r.7, path_resolution.7, pty.7, signal.7, suffixes.7, time.7, unicode.7, unix.7, uri.7, utf-8.7: global fix: s/Unix/UNIX/
The man pages were rather inconsistent in the use of "Unix"
versus "UNIX". Let's go with the trademark usage.
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2010-10-12 04:45:38 +00:00
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special file, block special file, FIFO (named pipe), or UNIX domain socket,
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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respectively.
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2007-06-22 17:16:20 +00:00
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(Zero file type is equivalent to type
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.BR S_IFREG .)
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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If the file type is
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2007-12-13 20:42:14 +00:00
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.B S_IFCHR
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or
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.B S_IFBLK
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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then
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.I dev
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specifies the major and minor numbers of the newly created device
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2008-12-01 17:39:36 +00:00
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special file
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.RB ( makedev (3)
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may be useful to build the value for
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.IR dev );
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otherwise it is ignored.
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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If
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.I pathname
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2007-06-22 17:16:20 +00:00
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already exists, or is a symbolic link, this call fails with an
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.B EEXIST
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error.
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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The newly created node will be owned by the effective user ID of the
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2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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process.
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If the directory containing the node has the set-group-ID
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2008-03-19 07:26:08 +00:00
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bit set, or if the file system is mounted with BSD group semantics, the
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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new node will inherit the group ownership from its parent directory;
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otherwise it will be owned by the effective group ID of the process.
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.SH "RETURN VALUE"
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2005-10-19 06:54:38 +00:00
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.BR mknod ()
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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returns zero on success, or \-1 if an error occurred (in which case,
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.I errno
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is set appropriately).
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.SH ERRORS
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.TP
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.B EACCES
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The parent directory does not allow write permission to the process,
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or one of the directories in the path prefix of
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2007-09-20 16:26:31 +00:00
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.I pathname
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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did not allow search permission.
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(See also
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2007-05-26 12:41:39 +00:00
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.BR path_resolution (7).)
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.TP
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.B EEXIST
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.I pathname
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already exists.
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2008-06-11 15:26:41 +00:00
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This includes the case where
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.I pathname
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is a symbolic link, dangling or not.
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.TP
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.B EFAULT
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.IR pathname " points outside your accessible address space."
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.TP
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.B EINVAL
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.I mode
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2008-03-19 11:56:53 +00:00
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requested creation of something other than a regular file, device
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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special file, FIFO or socket.
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.TP
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.B ELOOP
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Too many symbolic links were encountered in resolving
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.IR pathname .
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.TP
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.B ENAMETOOLONG
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.IR pathname " was too long."
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.TP
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.B ENOENT
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A directory component in
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.I pathname
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does not exist or is a dangling symbolic link.
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.TP
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.B ENOMEM
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Insufficient kernel memory was available.
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.TP
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.B ENOSPC
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The device containing
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.I pathname
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has no room for the new node.
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.TP
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.B ENOTDIR
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A component used as a directory in
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.I pathname
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is not, in fact, a directory.
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.TP
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.B EPERM
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.I mode
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requested creation of something other than a regular file,
|
intro.1, time.1, accept.2, bind.2, connect.2, execve.2, flock.2, getdents.2, getpriority.2, getuid.2, intro.2, ioctl.2, mincore.2, mknod.2, personality.2, ptrace.2, read.2, recv.2, select_tut.2, send.2, sendfile.2, shmctl.2, sigaction.2, signal.2, stat.2, times.2, truncate.2, umask.2, wait.2, MB_CUR_MAX.3, MB_LEN_MAX.3, argz_add.3, btowc.3, clearenv.3, clock.3, cmsg.3, end.3, endian.3, errno.3, exit.3, fgetwc.3, fgetws.3, fopen.3, fputwc.3, fputws.3, fseek.3, fwide.3, getfsent.3, getgrnam.3, gethostid.3, getipnodebyname.3, getmntent.3, getpwnam.3, getwchar.3, grantpt.3, iconv.3, iconv_close.3, iconv_open.3, insque.3, intro.3, iswalnum.3, iswalpha.3, iswblank.3, iswcntrl.3, iswctype.3, iswdigit.3, iswgraph.3, iswlower.3, iswprint.3, iswpunct.3, iswspace.3, iswupper.3, iswxdigit.3, malloc.3, mblen.3, mbrlen.3, mbrtowc.3, mbsinit.3, mbsnrtowcs.3, mbsrtowcs.3, mbstowcs.3, mbtowc.3, mkstemp.3, mktemp.3, nl_langinfo.3, openpty.3, posix_openpt.3, printf.3, ptsname.3, putwchar.3, qecvt.3, rcmd.3, readdir.3, rexec.3, rpc.3, setnetgrent.3, shm_open.3, sigpause.3, stdin.3, stpcpy.3, strftime.3, strptime.3, syslog.3, towctrans.3, towlower.3, towupper.3, ttyslot.3, ungetwc.3, unlocked_stdio.3, wcpcpy.3, wcpncpy.3, wcrtomb.3, wcscasecmp.3, wcscat.3, wcschr.3, wcscmp.3, wcscpy.3, wcscspn.3, wcsdup.3, wcslen.3, wcsncasecmp.3, wcsncat.3, wcsncmp.3, wcsncpy.3, wcsnlen.3, wcsnrtombs.3, wcspbrk.3, wcsrchr.3, wcsrtombs.3, wcsspn.3, wcsstr.3, wcstok.3, wcstombs.3, wcswidth.3, wctob.3, wctomb.3, wctrans.3, wctype.3, wcwidth.3, wmemchr.3, wmemcmp.3, wmemcpy.3, wmemmove.3, wmemset.3, wprintf.3, console_ioctl.4, pts.4, elf.5, filesystems.5, hosts.5, proc.5, ttytype.5, boot.7, capabilities.7, credentials.7, epoll.7, glob.7, koi8-r.7, path_resolution.7, pty.7, signal.7, suffixes.7, time.7, unicode.7, unix.7, uri.7, utf-8.7: global fix: s/Unix/UNIX/
The man pages were rather inconsistent in the use of "Unix"
versus "UNIX". Let's go with the trademark usage.
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2010-10-12 04:45:38 +00:00
|
|
|
FIFO (named pipe), or UNIX domain socket, and the caller
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
is not privileged (Linux: does not have the
|
|
|
|
.B CAP_MKNOD
|
2005-05-18 09:39:52 +00:00
|
|
|
capability);
|
intro.1, time.1, accept.2, bind.2, connect.2, execve.2, flock.2, getdents.2, getpriority.2, getuid.2, intro.2, ioctl.2, mincore.2, mknod.2, personality.2, ptrace.2, read.2, recv.2, select_tut.2, send.2, sendfile.2, shmctl.2, sigaction.2, signal.2, stat.2, times.2, truncate.2, umask.2, wait.2, MB_CUR_MAX.3, MB_LEN_MAX.3, argz_add.3, btowc.3, clearenv.3, clock.3, cmsg.3, end.3, endian.3, errno.3, exit.3, fgetwc.3, fgetws.3, fopen.3, fputwc.3, fputws.3, fseek.3, fwide.3, getfsent.3, getgrnam.3, gethostid.3, getipnodebyname.3, getmntent.3, getpwnam.3, getwchar.3, grantpt.3, iconv.3, iconv_close.3, iconv_open.3, insque.3, intro.3, iswalnum.3, iswalpha.3, iswblank.3, iswcntrl.3, iswctype.3, iswdigit.3, iswgraph.3, iswlower.3, iswprint.3, iswpunct.3, iswspace.3, iswupper.3, iswxdigit.3, malloc.3, mblen.3, mbrlen.3, mbrtowc.3, mbsinit.3, mbsnrtowcs.3, mbsrtowcs.3, mbstowcs.3, mbtowc.3, mkstemp.3, mktemp.3, nl_langinfo.3, openpty.3, posix_openpt.3, printf.3, ptsname.3, putwchar.3, qecvt.3, rcmd.3, readdir.3, rexec.3, rpc.3, setnetgrent.3, shm_open.3, sigpause.3, stdin.3, stpcpy.3, strftime.3, strptime.3, syslog.3, towctrans.3, towlower.3, towupper.3, ttyslot.3, ungetwc.3, unlocked_stdio.3, wcpcpy.3, wcpncpy.3, wcrtomb.3, wcscasecmp.3, wcscat.3, wcschr.3, wcscmp.3, wcscpy.3, wcscspn.3, wcsdup.3, wcslen.3, wcsncasecmp.3, wcsncat.3, wcsncmp.3, wcsncpy.3, wcsnlen.3, wcsnrtombs.3, wcspbrk.3, wcsrchr.3, wcsrtombs.3, wcsspn.3, wcsstr.3, wcstok.3, wcstombs.3, wcswidth.3, wctob.3, wctomb.3, wctrans.3, wctype.3, wcwidth.3, wmemchr.3, wmemcmp.3, wmemcpy.3, wmemmove.3, wmemset.3, wprintf.3, console_ioctl.4, pts.4, elf.5, filesystems.5, hosts.5, proc.5, ttytype.5, boot.7, capabilities.7, credentials.7, epoll.7, glob.7, koi8-r.7, path_resolution.7, pty.7, signal.7, suffixes.7, time.7, unicode.7, unix.7, uri.7, utf-8.7: global fix: s/Unix/UNIX/
The man pages were rather inconsistent in the use of "Unix"
versus "UNIX". Let's go with the trademark usage.
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2010-10-12 04:45:38 +00:00
|
|
|
.\" For UNIX domain sockets and regular files, EPERM is only returned in
|
2005-05-18 09:39:52 +00:00
|
|
|
.\" Linux 2.2 and earlier; in Linux 2.4 and later, unprivileged can
|
|
|
|
.\" use mknod() to make these files.
|
2008-03-19 07:26:08 +00:00
|
|
|
also returned if the file system containing
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.I pathname
|
|
|
|
does not support the type of node requested.
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.TP
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.B EROFS
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.I pathname
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2008-03-19 07:26:08 +00:00
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refers to a file on a read-only file system.
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.SH "CONFORMING TO"
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2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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SVr4, 4.4BSD, POSIX.1-2001 (but see below).
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2006-08-03 13:57:17 +00:00
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.\" The Linux version differs from the SVr4 version in that it
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.\" does not require root permission to create pipes, also in that no
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.\" EMULTIHOP, ENOLINK, or EINTR error is documented.
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.SH NOTES
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2006-08-03 13:57:17 +00:00
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POSIX.1-2001 says: "The only portable use of
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.BR mknod ()
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2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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is to create a FIFO-special file.
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If
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.I mode
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2007-12-13 20:42:14 +00:00
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is not
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.B S_IFIFO
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or
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.I dev
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is not 0, the behavior of
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.BR mknod ()
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is unspecified."
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2007-12-14 07:04:07 +00:00
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However, nowadays one should never use
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.BR mknod ()
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for this purpose; one should use
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.BR mkfifo (3),
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a function especially defined for this purpose.
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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Under Linux, this call cannot be used to create directories.
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One should make directories with
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2007-12-14 07:04:07 +00:00
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.BR mkdir (2).
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intro.1, time.1, accept.2, bind.2, connect.2, execve.2, flock.2, getdents.2, getpriority.2, getuid.2, intro.2, ioctl.2, mincore.2, mknod.2, personality.2, ptrace.2, read.2, recv.2, select_tut.2, send.2, sendfile.2, shmctl.2, sigaction.2, signal.2, stat.2, times.2, truncate.2, umask.2, wait.2, MB_CUR_MAX.3, MB_LEN_MAX.3, argz_add.3, btowc.3, clearenv.3, clock.3, cmsg.3, end.3, endian.3, errno.3, exit.3, fgetwc.3, fgetws.3, fopen.3, fputwc.3, fputws.3, fseek.3, fwide.3, getfsent.3, getgrnam.3, gethostid.3, getipnodebyname.3, getmntent.3, getpwnam.3, getwchar.3, grantpt.3, iconv.3, iconv_close.3, iconv_open.3, insque.3, intro.3, iswalnum.3, iswalpha.3, iswblank.3, iswcntrl.3, iswctype.3, iswdigit.3, iswgraph.3, iswlower.3, iswprint.3, iswpunct.3, iswspace.3, iswupper.3, iswxdigit.3, malloc.3, mblen.3, mbrlen.3, mbrtowc.3, mbsinit.3, mbsnrtowcs.3, mbsrtowcs.3, mbstowcs.3, mbtowc.3, mkstemp.3, mktemp.3, nl_langinfo.3, openpty.3, posix_openpt.3, printf.3, ptsname.3, putwchar.3, qecvt.3, rcmd.3, readdir.3, rexec.3, rpc.3, setnetgrent.3, shm_open.3, sigpause.3, stdin.3, stpcpy.3, strftime.3, strptime.3, syslog.3, towctrans.3, towlower.3, towupper.3, ttyslot.3, ungetwc.3, unlocked_stdio.3, wcpcpy.3, wcpncpy.3, wcrtomb.3, wcscasecmp.3, wcscat.3, wcschr.3, wcscmp.3, wcscpy.3, wcscspn.3, wcsdup.3, wcslen.3, wcsncasecmp.3, wcsncat.3, wcsncmp.3, wcsncpy.3, wcsnlen.3, wcsnrtombs.3, wcspbrk.3, wcsrchr.3, wcsrtombs.3, wcsspn.3, wcsstr.3, wcstok.3, wcstombs.3, wcswidth.3, wctob.3, wctomb.3, wctrans.3, wctype.3, wcwidth.3, wmemchr.3, wmemcmp.3, wmemcpy.3, wmemmove.3, wmemset.3, wprintf.3, console_ioctl.4, pts.4, elf.5, filesystems.5, hosts.5, proc.5, ttytype.5, boot.7, capabilities.7, credentials.7, epoll.7, glob.7, koi8-r.7, path_resolution.7, pty.7, signal.7, suffixes.7, time.7, unicode.7, unix.7, uri.7, utf-8.7: global fix: s/Unix/UNIX/
The man pages were rather inconsistent in the use of "Unix"
versus "UNIX". Let's go with the trademark usage.
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2010-10-12 04:45:38 +00:00
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.\" and one should make UNIX domain sockets with socket(2) and bind(2).
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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|
There are many infelicities in the protocol underlying NFS.
|
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|
Some of these affect
|
2005-10-19 06:54:38 +00:00
|
|
|
.BR mknod ().
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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|
|
.SH "SEE ALSO"
|
2008-05-13 11:29:39 +00:00
|
|
|
.BR chmod (2),
|
|
|
|
.BR chown (2),
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.BR fcntl (2),
|
|
|
|
.BR mkdir (2),
|
2006-04-05 05:14:55 +00:00
|
|
|
.BR mknodat (2),
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
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|
.BR mount (2),
|
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|
.BR socket (2),
|
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|
|
.BR stat (2),
|
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|
|
.BR umask (2),
|
|
|
|
.BR unlink (2),
|
2008-12-01 17:39:36 +00:00
|
|
|
.BR makedev (3),
|
2007-05-26 12:41:39 +00:00
|
|
|
.BR mkfifo (3),
|
|
|
|
.BR path_resolution (7)
|