2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.\" Copyright 1995-2000 David Engel (david@ods.com)
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.\" Copyright 1995 Rickard E. Faith (faith@cs.unc.edu)
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.\" Copyright 2000 Ben Collins (bcollins@debian.org)
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.\" Redone for GLibc 2.2
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.\" Copyright 2000 Jakub Jelinek (jakub@redhat.com)
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.\" Corrected.
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2016-07-05 10:49:52 +00:00
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.\" and Copyright (C) 2012, 2016, Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
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ldd.1, capget.2, clone.2, create_module.2, fallocate.2, futex.2, get_kernel_syms.2, get_thread_area.2, getcpu.2, getitimer.2, getpid.2, io_cancel.2, io_destroy.2, io_getevents.2, io_setup.2, io_submit.2, ioctl_list.2, mkdir.2, mknod.2, pciconfig_read.2, pivot_root.2, posix_fadvise.2, query_module.2, sendfile.2, set_thread_area.2, setns.2, unshare.2, __setfpucw.3, a64l.3, addseverity.3, argz_add.3, bindresvport.3, cabs.3, cacos.3, cacosh.3, canonicalize_file_name.3, carg.3, casin.3, casinh.3, catan.3, catanh.3, ccos.3, ccosh.3, cerf.3, cexp.3, cexp2.3, cimag.3, clog.3, clog10.3, clog2.3, cmsg.3, conj.3, cpow.3, cproj.3, creal.3, csin.3, csinh.3, csqrt.3, ctan.3, ctanh.3, des_crypt.3, envz_add.3, fdim.3, fma.3, fmax.3, fmemopen.3, fmin.3, fmtmsg.3, fpclassify.3, gamma.3, getpt.3, getrpcent.3, getrpcport.3, getttyent.3, isgreater.3, key_setsecret.3, lgamma.3, malloc_hook.3, mempcpy.3, nan.3, netlink.3, nextafter.3, putgrent.3, remove.3, remquo.3, rpc.3, rtime.3, rtnetlink.3, setaliasent.3, setnetgrent.3, signbit.3, significand.3, sincos.3, stdin.3, tgamma.3, xcrypt.3, xdr.3, cciss.4, hpsa.4, mouse.4, pts.4, sk98lin.4, tty_ioctl.4, wavelan.4, hosts.equiv.5, rpc.5, tzfile.5, boot.7, complex.7, ddp.7, fifo.7, futex.7, icmp.7, ip.7, ipv6.7, netdevice.7, netlink.7, packet.7, raw.7, rtnetlink.7, socket.7, tcp.7, udp.7, unix.7, x25.7, sync.8: Global fix: Put copyright info at top of page, followed by blank line and LICENSE
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2013-03-10 09:29:51 +00:00
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.\"
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ldd.1, clone.2, create_module.2, get_kernel_syms.2, get_thread_area.2, io_cancel.2, io_setup.2, io_submit.2, mkdir.2, mknod.2, query_module.2, set_thread_area.2, __setfpucw.3, hosts.equiv.5, sync.8: Added LICENSE_START(GPL_NOVERSION_ONELINE)
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2013-03-10 09:28:51 +00:00
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.\" %%%LICENSE_START(GPL_NOVERSION_ONELINE)
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2013-03-10 10:01:30 +00:00
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.\" Do not restrict distribution.
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.\" May be distributed under the GNU General Public License
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ldd.1, clone.2, create_module.2, get_kernel_syms.2, get_thread_area.2, io_cancel.2, io_setup.2, io_submit.2, mkdir.2, mknod.2, query_module.2, set_thread_area.2, __setfpucw.3, hosts.equiv.5, sync.8: Added LICENSE_START(GPL_NOVERSION_ONELINE)
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2013-03-10 09:28:51 +00:00
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.\" %%%LICENSE_END
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ldd.1, arch_prctl.2, faccessat.2, fchmodat.2, fchownat.2, flock.2, futimesat.2, getcpu.2, getdents.2, getitimer.2, getpid.2, getresuid.2, getunwind.2, kexec_load.2, mkdirat.2, mknodat.2, openat.2, outb.2, perfmonctl.2, readlinkat.2, renameat.2, symlinkat.2, timer_delete.2, timer_getoverrun.2, timer_settime.2, unlinkat.2: srcfix
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2013-03-12 11:35:04 +00:00
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.\"
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getent.1, ldd.1, locale.1, localedef.1, memusage.1, memusagestat.1, mtrace.1, _exit.2, _syscall.2, accept.2, access.2, acct.2, add_key.2, adjtimex.2, alloc_hugepages.2, arch_prctl.2, bdflush.2, bind.2, bpf.2, brk.2, cacheflush.2, capget.2, chdir.2, chmod.2, chown.2, chroot.2, clock_getres.2, clock_nanosleep.2, clone.2, close.2, close_range.2, connect.2, copy_file_range.2, create_module.2, delete_module.2, dup.2, epoll_create.2, epoll_ctl.2, epoll_wait.2, eventfd.2, execve.2, execveat.2, fanotify_init.2, fanotify_mark.2, fcntl.2, flock.2, fork.2, fsync.2, futex.2, get_kernel_syms.2, get_mempolicy.2, get_robust_list.2, getcpu.2, getdents.2, getdomainname.2, getgid.2, getgroups.2, gethostname.2, getitimer.2, getpagesize.2, getpeername.2, getpid.2, getpriority.2, getrandom.2, getresuid.2, getrlimit.2, getrusage.2, getsid.2, getsockname.2, getsockopt.2, gettid.2, gettimeofday.2, getuid.2, getunwind.2, getxattr.2, idle.2, init_module.2, inotify_add_watch.2, inotify_rm_watch.2, io_cancel.2, io_destroy.2, io_getevents.2, io_setup.2, io_submit.2, ioctl.2, ioctl_console.2, ioctl_fat.2, ioctl_ficlonerange.2, ioctl_fideduperange.2, ioctl_fslabel.2, ioctl_getfsmap.2, ioctl_ns.2, ioctl_tty.2, ioctl_userfaultfd.2, ioperm.2, iopl.2, ipc.2, kcmp.2, kexec_load.2, keyctl.2, kill.2, link.2, listen.2, listxattr.2, llseek.2, lookup_dcookie.2, lseek.2, madvise.2, mbind.2, membarrier.2, memfd_create.2, migrate_pages.2, mincore.2, mkdir.2, mknod.2, mlock.2, mmap.2, mmap2.2, modify_ldt.2, mount.2, move_pages.2, mprotect.2, mq_getsetattr.2, mremap.2, msgctl.2, msgget.2, msgop.2, msync.2, nanosleep.2, nfsservctl.2, nice.2, open.2, open_by_handle_at.2, openat2.2, pause.2, pciconfig_read.2, perf_event_open.2, perfmonctl.2, personality.2, pidfd_getfd.2, pidfd_open.2, pidfd_send_signal.2, pipe.2, pivot_root.2, pkey_alloc.2, poll.2, posix_fadvise.2, prctl.2, pread.2, process_vm_readv.2, ptrace.2, query_module.2, quotactl.2, read.2, readahead.2, readdir.2, readlink.2, readv.2, reboot.2, recv.2, remap_file_pages.2, removexattr.2, rename.2, request_key.2, restart_syscall.2, rmdir.2, rt_sigqueueinfo.2, s390_guarded_storage.2, s390_pci_mmio_write.2, s390_runtime_instr.2, s390_sthyi.2, sched_get_priority_max.2, sched_rr_get_interval.2, sched_setaffinity.2, sched_setattr.2, sched_setparam.2, sched_setscheduler.2, sched_yield.2, seccomp.2, select.2, select_tut.2, semctl.2, semget.2, semop.2, send.2, sendfile.2, set_thread_area.2, seteuid.2, setfsgid.2, setfsuid.2, setgid.2, setpgid.2, setresuid.2, setreuid.2, setsid.2, setuid.2, setup.2, setxattr.2, sgetmask.2, shmctl.2, shmget.2, shmop.2, shutdown.2, sigaction.2, sigaltstack.2, signal.2, signalfd.2, sigpending.2, sigprocmask.2, sigreturn.2, sigsuspend.2, sigwaitinfo.2, socket.2, socketcall.2, socketpair.2, splice.2, spu_create.2, spu_run.2, stat.2, statfs.2, statx.2, stime.2, subpage_prot.2, swapon.2, symlink.2, sync.2, sync_file_range.2, syscall.2, syscalls.2, sysctl.2, sysfs.2, sysinfo.2, syslog.2, time.2, timer_create.2, timer_delete.2, timer_getoverrun.2, timer_settime.2, timerfd_create.2, times.2, tkill.2, truncate.2, umask.2, umount.2, uname.2, unimplemented.2, unlink.2, unshare.2, uselib.2, userfaultfd.2, ustat.2, utime.2, utimensat.2, vfork.2, vhangup.2, vm86.2, vmsplice.2, wait.2, wait4.2, write.2, CPU_SET.3, __ppc_get_timebase.3, __ppc_set_ppr_med.3, __ppc_yield.3, __setfpucw.3, a64l.3, abort.3, abs.3, acos.3, acosh.3, addseverity.3, adjtime.3, aio_cancel.3, aio_error.3, aio_fsync.3, aio_read.3, aio_return.3, aio_suspend.3, aio_write.3, alloca.3, argz_add.3, asin.3, asinh.3, asprintf.3, assert.3, assert_perror.3, atan.3, atan2.3, atanh.3, atexit.3, atof.3, atoi.3, backtrace.3, basename.3, bcmp.3, bcopy.3, bindresvport.3, bsd_signal.3, bsearch.3, bstring.3, btowc.3, byteorder.3, bzero.3, cabs.3, cacos.3, cacosh.3, canonicalize_file_name.3, carg.3, casin.3, casinh.3, catan.3, catanh.3, catgets.3, catopen.3, cbrt.3, ccos.3, ccosh.3, ceil.3, cexp.3, cexp2.3, cfree.3, cimag.3, circleq.3, clearenv.3, clock.3, clock_getcpuclockid.3, clog.3, clog10.3, clog2.3, closedir.3, cmsg.3, confstr.3, conj.3, copysign.3, cos.3, cosh.3, cpow.3, cproj.3, creal.3, crypt.3, csin.3, csinh.3, csqrt.3, ctan.3, ctanh.3, ctermid.3, ctime.3, daemon.3, des_crypt.3, difftime.3, dirfd.3, div.3, dl_iterate_phdr.3, dladdr.3, dlerror.3, dlinfo.3, dlopen.3, dlsym.3, drand48.3, drand48_r.3, duplocale.3, dysize.3, ecvt.3, ecvt_r.3, encrypt.3, endian.3, envz_add.3, erf.3, erfc.3, err.3, errno.3, error.3, ether_aton.3, euidaccess.3, exec.3, exit.3, exp.3, exp10.3, exp2.3, expm1.3, fabs.3, fclose.3, fcloseall.3, fdim.3, fenv.3, ferror.3, fexecve.3, fflush.3, ffs.3, fgetc.3, fgetgrent.3, fgetpwent.3, fgetwc.3, fgetws.3, fileno.3, finite.3, flockfile.3, floor.3, fma.3, fmax.3, fmemopen.3, fmin.3, fmod.3, fmtmsg.3, fnmatch.3, fopen.3, fopencookie.3, fpathconf.3, fpclassify.3, fpurge.3, fputwc.3, fputws.3, fread.3, frexp.3, fseek.3, fseeko.3, ftime.3, ftok.3, fts.3, ftw.3, futimes.3, fwide.3, gamma.3, gcvt.3, get_nprocs_conf.3, get_phys_pages.3, getaddrinfo.3, getaddrinfo_a.3, getauxval.3, getcontext.3, getcwd.3, getdate.3, getdirentries.3, getdtablesize.3, getentropy.3, getenv.3, getfsent.3, getgrent.3, getgrent_r.3, getgrnam.3, getgrouplist.3, gethostbyname.3, gethostid.3, getifaddrs.3, getipnodebyname.3, getline.3, getloadavg.3, getlogin.3, getmntent.3, getnameinfo.3, getnetent.3, getnetent_r.3, getopt.3, getpass.3, getprotoent.3, getprotoent_r.3, getpt.3, getpw.3, getpwent.3, getpwent_r.3, getpwnam.3, getrpcent.3, getrpcent_r.3, getrpcport.3, gets.3, getservent.3, getservent_r.3, getspnam.3, getsubopt.3, getttyent.3, getumask.3, getusershell.3, getutent.3, getutmp.3, getw.3, getwchar.3, glob.3, gnu_get_libc_version.3, grantpt.3, group_member.3, gsignal.3, hsearch.3, hypot.3, iconv.3, iconv_close.3, iconv_open.3, if_nameindex.3, if_nametoindex.3, ilogb.3, index.3, inet.3, inet_net_pton.3, inet_ntop.3, inet_pton.3, initgroups.3, insque.3, isalpha.3, isatty.3, isfdtype.3, isgreater.3, iswalnum.3, iswalpha.3, iswblank.3, iswcntrl.3, iswctype.3, iswdigit.3, iswgraph.3, iswlower.3, iswprint.3, iswpunct.3, iswspace.3, iswupper.3, iswxdigit.3, j0.3, key_setsecret.3, killpg.3, ldexp.3, lgamma.3, lio_listio.3, list.3, localeconv.3, lockf.3, log.3, log10.3, log1p.3, log2.3, logb.3, login.3, lrint.3, lround.3, lsearch.3, lseek64.3, makecontext.3, makedev.3, mallinfo.3, malloc.3, malloc_get_state.3, malloc_hook.3, malloc_info.3, malloc_stats.3, malloc_trim.3, malloc_usable_size.3, mallopt.3, matherr.3, mblen.3, mbrlen.3, mbrtowc.3, mbsinit.3, mbsnrtowcs.3, mbsrtowcs.3, mbstowcs.3, mbtowc.3, mcheck.3, memccpy.3, memchr.3, memcmp.3, memcpy.3, memfrob.3, memmem.3, memmove.3, mempcpy.3, memset.3, mkdtemp.3, mkfifo.3, mkstemp.3, mktemp.3, modf.3, mpool.3, mq_close.3, mq_getattr.3, mq_notify.3, mq_open.3, mq_receive.3, mq_send.3, mq_unlink.3, mtrace.3, nan.3, newlocale.3, nextafter.3, nextup.3, nl_langinfo.3, ntp_gettime.3, on_exit.3, open_memstream.3, opendir.3, openpty.3, perror.3, popen.3, posix_fallocate.3, posix_madvise.3, posix_memalign.3, posix_openpt.3, posix_spawn.3, pow.3, pow10.3, printf.3, profil.3, psignal.3, pthread_attr_init.3, pthread_attr_setaffinity_np.3, pthread_attr_setdetachstate.3, pthread_attr_setguardsize.3, pthread_attr_setinheritsched.3, pthread_attr_setschedparam.3, pthread_attr_setschedpolicy.3, pthread_attr_setscope.3, pthread_attr_setsigmask_np.3, pthread_attr_setstack.3, pthread_attr_setstackaddr.3, pthread_attr_setstacksize.3, pthread_cancel.3, pthread_cleanup_push.3, pthread_cleanup_push_defer_np.3, pthread_create.3, pthread_detach.3, pthread_equal.3, pthread_exit.3, pthread_getattr_default_np.3, pthread_getattr_np.3, pthread_getcpuclockid.3, pthread_join.3, pthread_kill.3, pthread_kill_other_threads_np.3, pthread_mutex_consistent.3, pthread_mutexattr_getpshared.3, pthread_mutexattr_setrobust.3, pthread_rwlockattr_setkind_np.3, pthread_self.3, pthread_setaffinity_np.3, pthread_setcancelstate.3, pthread_setconcurrency.3, pthread_setname_np.3, pthread_setschedparam.3, pthread_setschedprio.3, pthread_sigmask.3, pthread_sigqueue.3, pthread_spin_init.3, pthread_spin_lock.3, pthread_testcancel.3, pthread_tryjoin_np.3, pthread_yield.3, ptsname.3, putenv.3, putgrent.3, putpwent.3, puts.3, putwchar.3, qecvt.3, qsort.3, raise.3, rand.3, random.3, random_r.3, rcmd.3, re_comp.3, readdir.3, readdir_r.3, realpath.3, regex.3, remainder.3, remove.3, remquo.3, resolver.3, rewinddir.3, rexec.3, rint.3, round.3, rpc.3, rpmatch.3, rtime.3, rtnetlink.3, scalb.3, scalbln.3, scandir.3, scanf.3, sched_getcpu.3, seekdir.3, sem_close.3, sem_destroy.3, sem_getvalue.3, sem_init.3, sem_open.3, sem_post.3, sem_unlink.3, sem_wait.3, setaliasent.3, setbuf.3, setenv.3, setjmp.3, setlocale.3, setlogmask.3, setnetgrent.3, shm_open.3, siginterrupt.3, signbit.3, significand.3, sigpause.3, sigqueue.3, sigset.3, sigsetops.3, sigvec.3, sigwait.3, sin.3, sincos.3, sinh.3, sleep.3, slist.3, sockatmark.3, sqrt.3, stailq.3, statvfs.3, stdarg.3, stdio.3, stdio_ext.3, stpcpy.3, stpncpy.3, strcasecmp.3, strcat.3, strchr.3, strcmp.3, strcoll.3, strcpy.3, strdup.3, strerror.3, strfmon.3, strfromd.3, strfry.3, strftime.3, string.3, strlen.3, strnlen.3, strpbrk.3, strptime.3, strsep.3, strsignal.3, strspn.3, strstr.3, strtod.3, strtoimax.3, strtok.3, strtol.3, strtoul.3, strverscmp.3, strxfrm.3, swab.3, sysconf.3, syslog.3, system.3, sysv_signal.3, tailq.3, tan.3, tanh.3, tcgetpgrp.3, tcgetsid.3, telldir.3, tempnam.3, termios.3, tgamma.3, timegm.3, timeradd.3, tmpfile.3, tmpnam.3, toascii.3, toupper.3, towctrans.3, towlower.3, towupper.3, trunc.3, tsearch.3, ttyname.3, ttyslot.3, tzset.3, ualarm.3, ulimit.3, undocumented.3, ungetwc.3, unlocked_stdio.3, unlockpt.3, updwtmp.3, uselocale.3, usleep.3, wcpcpy.3, wcpncpy.3, wcrtomb.3, wcscasecmp.3, wcscat.3, wcschr.3, wcscmp.3, wcscpy.3, wcscspn.3, wcsdup.3, wcslen.3, wcsncasecmp.3, wcsncat.3, wcsncmp.3, wcsncpy.3, wcsnlen.3, wcsnrtombs.3, wcspbrk.3, wcsrchr.3, wcsrtombs.3, wcsspn.3, wcsstr.3, wcstoimax.3, wcstok.3, wcstombs.3, wcswidth.3, wctob.3, wctomb.3, wctrans.3, wctype.3, wcwidth.3, wmemchr.3, wmemcmp.3, wmemcpy.3, wmemmove.3, wmemset.3, wordexp.3, wprintf.3, xcrypt.3, xdr.3, y0.3, cciss.4, console_codes.4, dsp56k.4, hpsa.4, initrd.4, loop.4, lp.4, msr.4, random.4, rtc.4, smartpqi.4, veth.4, wavelan.4, acct.5, core.5, elf.5, hosts.5, locale.5, proc.5, resolv.conf.5, rpc.5, slabinfo.5, sysfs.5, tmpfs.5, utmp.5, address_families.7, aio.7, attributes.7, bootparam.7, capabilities.7, cgroups.7, complex.7, ddp.7, environ.7, epoll.7, fanotify.7, feature_test_macros.7, hier.7, inode.7, inotify.7, ip.7, ipv6.7, keyrings.7, locale.7, man-pages.7, man.7, math_error.7, mount_namespaces.7, namespaces.7, netdevice.7, netlink.7, numa.7, packet.7, pkeys.7, pthreads.7, queue.7, raw.7, rtnetlink.7, sched.7, session-keyring.7, shm_overview.7, sigevent.7, signal-safety.7, signal.7, sock_diag.7, socket.7, spufs.7, symlink.7, system_data_types.7, tcp.7, time_namespaces.7, udp.7, udplite.7, unicode.7, unix.7, uri.7, user_namespaces.7, vdso.7, vsock.7, x25.7, iconvconfig.8, ld.so.8, ldconfig.8, sln.8, tzselect.8: tstamp
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2021-03-21 23:15:34 +00:00
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.TH LDD 1 2021-03-22 "" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.SH NAME
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2015-07-10 18:37:59 +00:00
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ldd \- print shared object dependencies
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.SH SYNOPSIS
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2021-01-03 11:49:03 +00:00
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.nf
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2014-08-30 13:47:34 +00:00
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.BR ldd " [\fIoption\fP]... \fIfile\fP..."
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2021-01-03 11:49:03 +00:00
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.fi
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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.B ldd
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2015-08-08 16:23:54 +00:00
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prints the shared objects (shared libraries) required by each program or
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2015-07-10 18:37:59 +00:00
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shared object specified on the command line.
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2020-09-24 07:57:27 +00:00
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An example of its use and output
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(using
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.BR sed (1)
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to trim leading white space for readability in this page)
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is the following:
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2017-08-15 13:59:25 +00:00
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.PP
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2020-09-24 07:57:27 +00:00
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.in +4n
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2017-08-15 13:59:25 +00:00
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.EX
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2020-09-24 07:57:27 +00:00
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$ \fBldd /bin/ls | sed \(aqs/^ */ /\(aq\fP
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2021-01-09 22:21:02 +00:00
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linux\-vdso.so.1 (0x00007ffcc3563000)
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2020-09-24 07:57:27 +00:00
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libselinux.so.1 => /lib64/libselinux.so.1 (0x00007f87e5459000)
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libcap.so.2 => /lib64/libcap.so.2 (0x00007f87e5254000)
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libc.so.6 => /lib64/libc.so.6 (0x00007f87e4e92000)
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libpcre.so.1 => /lib64/libpcre.so.1 (0x00007f87e4c22000)
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libdl.so.2 => /lib64/libdl.so.2 (0x00007f87e4a1e000)
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2021-01-09 22:21:02 +00:00
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/lib64/ld\-linux\-x86\-64.so.2 (0x00005574bf12e000)
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2020-09-24 07:57:27 +00:00
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libattr.so.1 => /lib64/libattr.so.1 (0x00007f87e4817000)
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libpthread.so.0 => /lib64/libpthread.so.0 (0x00007f87e45fa000)
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2017-08-15 13:59:25 +00:00
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.EE
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.in
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.PP
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2012-07-16 16:29:44 +00:00
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In the usual case,
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.B ldd
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invokes the standard dynamic linker (see
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2012-09-23 14:30:10 +00:00
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.BR ld.so (8))
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2012-07-16 16:29:44 +00:00
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with the
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.B LD_TRACE_LOADED_OBJECTS
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2016-05-10 16:32:43 +00:00
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environment variable set to 1.
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This causes the dynamic linker to inspect the program's dynamic dependencies,
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and find (according to the rules described in
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.BR ld.so (8))
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and load the objects that satisfy those dependencies.
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For each dependency,
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getent.1, iconv.1, ldd.1, locale.1, localedef.1, memusage.1, memusagestat.1, pldd.1, sprof.1, time.1: tfix, use a one-font macro for a single argument
1) Use a single capital font macro for a genuine single argument.
The output is unchanged.
2) Remove quotation marks (") around a single argument.
The output is unchanged.
3) Change ".IR ab()" to ".IR ab ()"
A font is changed in the output.
mtk: I verified that the output is unchanged (other than fonts)
by comparing the output of:
for a in *.1; do man $a >> out.txt; done
before and after the patch.
Signed-off-by: Bjarni Ingi Gislason <bjarniig@rhi.hi.is>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2018-12-24 00:20:29 +00:00
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.B ldd
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2016-05-10 16:32:43 +00:00
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displays the location of the matching object
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and the (hexadecimal) address at which it is loaded.
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(The
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2021-01-21 09:53:59 +00:00
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.I linux\-vdso
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2016-05-10 16:32:43 +00:00
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and
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2021-01-21 09:53:59 +00:00
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.I ld\-linux
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2016-05-10 16:32:43 +00:00
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shared dependencies are special; see
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.BR vdso (7)
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and
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.BR ld.so (8).)
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.\"
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.SS Security
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2016-07-04 15:25:03 +00:00
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Be aware that in some circumstances
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(e.g., where the program specifies an ELF interpreter other than
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2021-01-21 09:53:59 +00:00
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.IR ld\-linux.so ),
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2016-07-04 15:25:03 +00:00
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.\" The circumstances are where the program has an interpreter
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.\" other than ld-linux.so. In this case, ldd tries to execute the
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.\" program directly with LD_TRACE_LOADED_OBJECTS=1, with the
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.\" result that the program interpreter gets control, and can do
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.\" what it likes, or pass control to the program itself.
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.\" Much more detail at
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.\" http://www.catonmat.net/blog/ldd-arbitrary-code-execution/
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some versions of
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getent.1, iconv.1, ldd.1, locale.1, localedef.1, memusage.1, memusagestat.1, pldd.1, sprof.1, time.1: tfix, use a one-font macro for a single argument
1) Use a single capital font macro for a genuine single argument.
The output is unchanged.
2) Remove quotation marks (") around a single argument.
The output is unchanged.
3) Change ".IR ab()" to ".IR ab ()"
A font is changed in the output.
mtk: I verified that the output is unchanged (other than fonts)
by comparing the output of:
for a in *.1; do man $a >> out.txt; done
before and after the patch.
Signed-off-by: Bjarni Ingi Gislason <bjarniig@rhi.hi.is>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2018-12-24 00:20:29 +00:00
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.B ldd
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2012-07-16 16:29:44 +00:00
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may attempt to obtain the dependency information
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2017-08-24 22:36:27 +00:00
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by attempting to directly execute the program,
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which may lead to the execution of whatever code is defined
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2016-07-04 15:25:03 +00:00
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in the program's ELF interpreter,
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2017-08-24 22:36:27 +00:00
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and perhaps to execution of the program itself.
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2012-07-16 16:29:44 +00:00
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.\" Mainline glibc's ldd allows this possibility (the line
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.\" try_trace "$file"
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.\" in glibc 2.15, for example), but many distro versions of
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.\" ldd seem to remove that code path from the script.
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2017-11-30 09:58:02 +00:00
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(In glibc versions before 2.27,
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.\" glibc commit eedca9772e99c72ab4c3c34e43cc764250aa3e3c
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2017-08-24 22:36:27 +00:00
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the upstream
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.B ldd
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implementation did this for example,
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although most distributions provided a modified version that did not.)
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.PP
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2012-07-16 16:29:44 +00:00
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Thus, you should
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.I never
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employ
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.B ldd
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on an untrusted executable,
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since this may result in the execution of arbitrary code.
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A safer alternative when dealing with untrusted executables is:
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2017-08-15 13:59:25 +00:00
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.PP
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.in +4n
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.EX
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$ \fBobjdump \-p /path/to/program | grep NEEDED\fP
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.EE
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.in
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.PP
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2017-05-13 18:39:16 +00:00
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Note, however, that this alternative shows only the direct dependencies
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of the executable, while
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.B ldd
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shows the entire dependency tree of the executable.
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.SH OPTIONS
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.TP
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2005-10-04 12:49:58 +00:00
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.B \-\-version
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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Print the version number of
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.BR ldd .
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.TP
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2015-04-18 12:47:33 +00:00
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.BR \-v ", " \-\-verbose
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2007-06-08 11:56:22 +00:00
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Print all information, including, for example,
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symbol versioning information.
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.TP
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2015-04-18 12:47:33 +00:00
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.BR \-u ", " \-\-unused
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2006-07-12 10:41:40 +00:00
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Print unused direct dependencies.
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2006-09-18 11:46:25 +00:00
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(Since glibc 2.3.4.)
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2006-07-12 10:41:40 +00:00
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.TP
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2015-04-18 12:47:33 +00:00
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.BR \-d ", " \-\-data\-relocs
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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Perform relocations and report any missing objects (ELF only).
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.TP
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2015-04-18 12:47:33 +00:00
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.BR \-r ", " \-\-function\-relocs
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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Perform relocations for both data objects and functions, and
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report any missing objects or functions (ELF only).
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.TP
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.B \-\-help
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Usage information.
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2014-06-29 08:01:17 +00:00
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.\" .SH NOTES
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.\" The standard version of
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.\" .B ldd
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.\" comes with glibc2.
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.\" Libc5 came with an older version, still present
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.\" on some systems.
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.\" The long options are not supported by the libc5 version.
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.\" On the other hand, the glibc2 version does not support
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.\" .B \-V
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.\" and only has the equivalent
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.\" .BR \-\-version .
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.\" .LP
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.\" The libc5 version of this program will use the name of a library given
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.\" on the command line as-is when it contains a \(aq/\(aq; otherwise it
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.\" searches for the library in the standard locations.
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.\" To run it
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.\" on a shared library in the current directory, prefix the name with "./".
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.SH BUGS
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|
.B ldd
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does not work on a.out shared libraries.
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.PP
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.B ldd
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does not work with some extremely old a.out programs which were
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built before
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.B ldd
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support was added to the compiler releases.
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If you use
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.B ldd
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on one of these programs, the program will attempt to run with
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2013-06-08 04:48:01 +00:00
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.I argc
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= 0 and the results will be unpredictable.
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.\" .SH AUTHOR
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.\" David Engel.
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.\" Roland McGrath and Ulrich Drepper.
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.SH SEE ALSO
|
2014-06-09 10:19:42 +00:00
|
|
|
.BR pldd (1),
|
2015-03-08 02:19:54 +00:00
|
|
|
.BR sprof (1),
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.BR ld.so (8),
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|
.BR ldconfig (8)
|