2014-06-11 08:09:40 +00:00
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.\" Copyright (C) 2014 Marko Myllynen <myllynen@redhat.com>
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.\"
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.\" %%%LICENSE_START(GPLv2+_DOC_FULL)
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.\" This is free documentation; you can redistribute it and/or
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.\" modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
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.\" published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of
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.\" the License, or (at your option) any later version.
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.\"
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.\" The GNU General Public License's references to "object code"
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.\" and "executables" are to be interpreted as the output of any
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.\" document formatting or typesetting system, including
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.\" intermediate and printed output.
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.\"
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.\" This manual is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
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.\" but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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.\" MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
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.\" GNU General Public License for more details.
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.\"
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.\" You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
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.\" License along with this manual; if not, see
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.\" <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
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.\" %%%LICENSE_END
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.\"
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iconv.1, ldd.1, accept.2, access.2, add_key.2, arch_prctl.2, bpf.2, chmod.2, chown.2, close_range.2, copy_file_range.2, execve.2, execveat.2, fanotify_mark.2, futex.2, futimesat.2, getpriority.2, intro.2, ioctl_tty.2, keyctl.2, link.2, membarrier.2, mkdir.2, mknod.2, mlock.2, mount.2, mount_setattr.2, open.2, open_by_handle_at.2, perf_event_open.2, pidfd_open.2, readlink.2, readv.2, rename.2, request_key.2, seccomp.2, sigaction.2, stat.2, statx.2, symlink.2, syscalls.2, umount.2, unlink.2, utimensat.2, wait.2, bsearch.3, fflush.3, getaddrinfo.3, getauxval.3, getopt.3, getsubopt.3, mkfifo.3, pthread_mutex_consistent.3, pthread_setname_np.3, pthread_tryjoin_np.3, scandir.3, sem_wait.3, stailq.3, strlen.3, strstr.3, termios.3, tsearch.3, wcslen.3, wcstok.3, wordexp.3, proc.5, capabilities.7, cgroups.7, fanotify.7, mount_namespaces.7, namespaces.7, path_resolution.7, pipe.7, posixoptions.7, user_namespaces.7, vdso.7, iconvconfig.8, ld.so.8: tstamp
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2021-08-27 00:44:07 +00:00
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.TH ICONV 1 2021-08-27 "GNU" "Linux User Manual"
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2014-06-11 08:09:40 +00:00
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.SH NAME
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iconv \- convert text from one character encoding to another
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.SH SYNOPSIS
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.B iconv
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.RI [ options ]
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2017-01-25 15:58:45 +00:00
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.RI "[\-f " from-encoding "]"
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.RI "[\-t " to-encoding "]"
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2014-06-11 08:09:40 +00:00
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.RI [ inputfile ]...
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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The
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.B iconv
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program reads in text in one encoding and outputs the text in another
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encoding.
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If no input files are given, or if it is given as a dash (\-),
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.B iconv
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2014-06-11 10:05:09 +00:00
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reads from standard input.
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2014-06-11 08:09:40 +00:00
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If no output file is given,
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.B iconv
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2014-06-11 10:05:09 +00:00
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writes to standard output.
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2014-06-11 08:09:40 +00:00
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.PP
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If no
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.I from-encoding
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is given, the default is derived
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from the current locale's character encoding.
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If no
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.I to-encoding
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is given, the default is derived
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from the current locale's character
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encoding.
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.SH OPTIONS
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.TP
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2017-01-25 15:58:46 +00:00
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.BI \-f " from-encoding" "\fR, \fP\-\-from\-code=" from-encoding
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2014-06-11 08:09:40 +00:00
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Use
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.I from-encoding
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for input characters.
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.TP
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2017-01-25 15:58:46 +00:00
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.BI \-t " to-encoding" "\fR, \fP\-\-to\-code=" to-encoding
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2014-06-11 08:09:40 +00:00
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Use
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.I to-encoding
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for output characters.
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iconv.1, locale.1, localedef.1, memusage.1, memusagestat.1, mtrace.1, pldd.1, sprof.1, time.1, iconvconfig.8, ld.so.8, ldconfig.8, sln.8: Formatting fix: replace blank lines with .PP/.IP
Blank lines shouldn't generally appear in *roff source (other
than in code examples), since they create large vertical
spaces between text blocks.
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2017-08-16 00:52:54 +00:00
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.IP
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2014-06-11 10:05:09 +00:00
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If the string
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getent.1, iconv.1, ldd.1, locale.1, localedef.1, memusage.1, memusagestat.1, pldd.1, sprof.1, time.1: tfix, use a one-font macro for a single argument
1) Use a single capital font macro for a genuine single argument.
The output is unchanged.
2) Remove quotation marks (") around a single argument.
The output is unchanged.
3) Change ".IR ab()" to ".IR ab ()"
A font is changed in the output.
mtk: I verified that the output is unchanged (other than fonts)
by comparing the output of:
for a in *.1; do man $a >> out.txt; done
before and after the patch.
Signed-off-by: Bjarni Ingi Gislason <bjarniig@rhi.hi.is>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2018-12-24 00:20:29 +00:00
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.B //IGNORE
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2014-06-11 10:05:09 +00:00
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is appended to
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.IR to-encoding ,
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2014-06-11 08:09:40 +00:00
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characters that cannot be converted are discarded and an error is
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printed after conversion.
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iconv.1, locale.1, localedef.1, memusage.1, memusagestat.1, mtrace.1, pldd.1, sprof.1, time.1, iconvconfig.8, ld.so.8, ldconfig.8, sln.8: Formatting fix: replace blank lines with .PP/.IP
Blank lines shouldn't generally appear in *roff source (other
than in code examples), since they create large vertical
spaces between text blocks.
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2017-08-16 00:52:54 +00:00
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.IP
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2014-06-11 10:05:09 +00:00
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If the string
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getent.1, iconv.1, ldd.1, locale.1, localedef.1, memusage.1, memusagestat.1, pldd.1, sprof.1, time.1: tfix, use a one-font macro for a single argument
1) Use a single capital font macro for a genuine single argument.
The output is unchanged.
2) Remove quotation marks (") around a single argument.
The output is unchanged.
3) Change ".IR ab()" to ".IR ab ()"
A font is changed in the output.
mtk: I verified that the output is unchanged (other than fonts)
by comparing the output of:
for a in *.1; do man $a >> out.txt; done
before and after the patch.
Signed-off-by: Bjarni Ingi Gislason <bjarniig@rhi.hi.is>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2018-12-24 00:20:29 +00:00
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.B //TRANSLIT
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2014-06-11 10:05:09 +00:00
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is appended to
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.IR to-encoding ,
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2014-06-11 08:09:40 +00:00
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characters being converted are transliterated when needed and possible.
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2014-06-11 10:05:09 +00:00
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This means that when a character cannot be represented in the target
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character set, it can be approximated through one or several similar
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2014-06-11 08:09:40 +00:00
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looking characters.
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Characters that are outside of the target character set and cannot be
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transliterated are replaced with a question mark (?) in the output.
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.TP
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2014-06-23 20:18:37 +00:00
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.BR \-l ", " \-\-list
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2014-06-11 08:09:40 +00:00
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List all known character set encodings.
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.TP
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.B "\-c"
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Silently discard characters that cannot be converted instead of
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2014-06-11 10:05:09 +00:00
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terminating when encountering such characters.
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2014-06-11 08:09:40 +00:00
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.TP
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2017-01-25 15:58:46 +00:00
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.BI \-o " outputfile" "\fR, \fP\-\-output=" outputfile
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2014-06-11 08:09:40 +00:00
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Use
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.I outputfile
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for output.
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.TP
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2014-06-23 20:18:37 +00:00
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.BR \-s ", " \-\-silent
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2014-06-11 10:05:09 +00:00
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This option is ignored; it is provided only for compatibility.
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2014-06-11 08:09:40 +00:00
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.TP
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.B "\-\-verbose"
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Print progress information on standard error when processing
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multiple files.
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.TP
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2014-06-23 20:18:37 +00:00
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.BR \-? ", " \-\-help
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2014-06-11 08:09:40 +00:00
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Print a usage summary and exit.
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.TP
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.B "\-\-usage"
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Print a short usage summary and exit.
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.TP
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2014-06-23 20:18:37 +00:00
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.BR \-V ", " \-\-version
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2014-06-11 08:09:40 +00:00
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Print the version number, license, and disclaimer of warranty for
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.BR iconv .
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.SH EXIT STATUS
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2017-12-04 19:49:42 +00:00
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Zero on success, nonzero on errors.
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2014-06-11 08:09:40 +00:00
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.SH ENVIRONMENT
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Internally, the
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.B iconv
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program uses the
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.BR iconv (3)
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function which in turn uses
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.I gconv
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2014-06-11 19:14:34 +00:00
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modules (dynamically loaded shared libraries)
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to convert to and from a character set.
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Before calling
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.BR iconv (3),
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2014-06-14 06:03:45 +00:00
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the
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2014-06-11 08:09:40 +00:00
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.B iconv
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2014-06-11 19:14:34 +00:00
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program must first allocate a conversion descriptor using
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.BR iconv_open (3).
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The operation of the latter function is influenced by the setting of the
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2014-06-11 08:09:40 +00:00
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.B GCONV_PATH
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2014-06-11 19:14:34 +00:00
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environment variable:
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.IP * 3
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If
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.B GCONV_PATH
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is not set,
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.BR iconv_open (3)
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2014-06-18 11:06:26 +00:00
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loads the system gconv module configuration cache file created by
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2014-06-11 19:14:34 +00:00
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.BR iconvconfig (8)
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and then, based on the configuration,
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loads the gconv modules needed to perform the conversion.
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2014-06-18 11:06:26 +00:00
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If the system gconv module configuration cache file is not available
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then the system gconv module configuration file is used.
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2014-06-11 19:14:34 +00:00
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.IP *
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2014-06-11 08:09:40 +00:00
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If
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.B GCONV_PATH
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2014-06-11 19:14:34 +00:00
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is defined (as a colon-separated list of pathnames),
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the system gconv module configuration cache is not used.
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Instead,
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.BR iconv_open (3)
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2014-06-13 11:43:25 +00:00
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first tries to load the configuration files by searching the directories in
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getent.1, iconv.1, ldd.1, locale.1, localedef.1, memusage.1, memusagestat.1, pldd.1, sprof.1, time.1: tfix, use a one-font macro for a single argument
1) Use a single capital font macro for a genuine single argument.
The output is unchanged.
2) Remove quotation marks (") around a single argument.
The output is unchanged.
3) Change ".IR ab()" to ".IR ab ()"
A font is changed in the output.
mtk: I verified that the output is unchanged (other than fonts)
by comparing the output of:
for a in *.1; do man $a >> out.txt; done
before and after the patch.
Signed-off-by: Bjarni Ingi Gislason <bjarniig@rhi.hi.is>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2018-12-24 00:20:29 +00:00
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.B GCONV_PATH
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2014-06-13 11:43:25 +00:00
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in order,
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followed by the system default gconv module configuration file.
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2014-06-11 19:14:34 +00:00
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If a directory does not contain a gconv module configuration file,
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any gconv modules that it may contain are ignored.
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If a directory contains a gconv module configuration file
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and it is determined that a module needed for this conversion is
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available in the directory,
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then the needed module is loaded from that directory,
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the order being such that the first suitable module found in
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.B GCONV_PATH
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is used.
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This allows users to use custom modules and even replace system-provided
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modules by providing such modules in
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.B GCONV_PATH
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directories.
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2014-06-11 08:09:40 +00:00
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.SH FILES
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.TP
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.I /usr/lib/gconv
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Usual default gconv module path.
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.TP
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2017-01-25 15:58:45 +00:00
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.I /usr/lib/gconv/gconv\-modules
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2014-06-18 11:06:26 +00:00
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Usual system default gconv module configuration file.
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2014-06-11 08:09:40 +00:00
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.TP
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2017-01-25 15:58:45 +00:00
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.I /usr/lib/gconv/gconv\-modules.cache
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2014-06-18 11:06:26 +00:00
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Usual system gconv module configuration cache.
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2021-08-24 21:37:55 +00:00
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.PP
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Depending on the architecture,
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the above files may instead be located at directories with the path prefix
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.IR /usr/lib64 .
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2014-06-11 08:09:40 +00:00
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.SH CONFORMING TO
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POSIX.1-2001.
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2020-05-21 08:00:37 +00:00
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.SH EXAMPLES
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2014-06-11 10:05:09 +00:00
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Convert text from the ISO 8859-15 character encoding to UTF-8:
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iconv.1, locale.1, localedef.1, memusage.1, memusagestat.1, mtrace.1, pldd.1, sprof.1, time.1, iconvconfig.8, ld.so.8, ldconfig.8, sln.8: Formatting fix: replace blank lines with .PP/.IP
Blank lines shouldn't generally appear in *roff source (other
than in code examples), since they create large vertical
spaces between text blocks.
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2017-08-16 00:52:54 +00:00
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.PP
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2014-06-11 10:05:09 +00:00
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.in +4n
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2017-08-16 09:14:04 +00:00
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.EX
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2017-01-25 15:58:45 +00:00
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$ \fBiconv \-f ISO\-8859\-15 \-t UTF\-8 < input.txt > output.txt\fP
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2017-08-16 09:14:04 +00:00
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.EE
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2014-06-11 10:05:09 +00:00
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.in
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2014-06-11 08:09:40 +00:00
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.PP
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The next example converts from UTF-8 to ASCII, transliterating when
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possible:
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iconv.1, locale.1, localedef.1, memusage.1, memusagestat.1, mtrace.1, pldd.1, sprof.1, time.1, iconvconfig.8, ld.so.8, ldconfig.8, sln.8: Formatting fix: replace blank lines with .PP/.IP
Blank lines shouldn't generally appear in *roff source (other
than in code examples), since they create large vertical
spaces between text blocks.
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2017-08-16 00:52:54 +00:00
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.PP
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2014-06-11 10:05:09 +00:00
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.in +4n
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2017-08-16 09:14:04 +00:00
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.EX
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2014-06-11 10:05:09 +00:00
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$ \fBecho abc ß α € àḃç | iconv \-f UTF\-8 \-t ASCII//TRANSLIT\fP
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2014-06-11 08:09:40 +00:00
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abc ss ? EUR abc
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2017-08-16 09:14:04 +00:00
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.EE
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2014-06-11 10:05:09 +00:00
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.in
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iconv.1, localedef.1, access.2, execveat.2, fanotify_init.2, futex.2, ioctl_fat.2, mount.2, ftw.3, sd.4, tty_ioctl.4, fanotify.7, futex.7, posixoptions.7, iconvconfig.8: srcfix: Remove useless quotes from .SS and .SH sections
Signed-off-by: Stéphane Aulery <saulery@free.fr>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2015-03-08 02:03:52 +00:00
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.SH SEE ALSO
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2014-06-11 08:09:40 +00:00
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.BR locale (1),
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2018-11-05 20:15:23 +00:00
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.BR uconv (1),
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2014-06-11 08:09:40 +00:00
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.BR iconv (3),
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.BR nl_langinfo (3),
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.BR charsets (7),
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.BR iconvconfig (8)
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