mirror of https://github.com/mkerrisk/man-pages
Various pages: retitle EXAMPLE section heading to EXAMPLES
EXAMPLES appears to be the wider majority usage across various projects' manual pages, and is also what is used in the POSIX manual pages. Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
This commit is contained in:
parent
c91a4f144c
commit
a14af333d6
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@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ Usual system default gconv module configuration file.
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Usual system gconv module configuration cache.
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.SH CONFORMING TO
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POSIX.1-2001.
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.SH EXAMPLE
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.SH EXAMPLES
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Convert text from the ISO 8859-15 character encoding to UTF-8:
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.PP
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.in +4n
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@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ Usual default locale archive location.
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Usual default path for locale definition files.
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.SH CONFORMING TO
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POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008.
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.SH EXAMPLE
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.SH EXAMPLES
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.EX
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$ \fBlocale\fP
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LANG=en_US.UTF\-8
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@ -373,7 +373,7 @@ An output file that contains information about formatting of data and
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time values.
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.SH CONFORMING TO
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POSIX.1-2008.
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.SH EXAMPLE
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.SH EXAMPLES
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Compile the locale files for Finnish in the UTF\-8 character set
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and add it to the default locale archive with the name
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.BR fi_FI.UTF\-8 :
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@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ Exit status is equal to the exit status of profiled program.
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To report bugs, see
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.UR http://www.gnu.org/software/libc/bugs.html
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.UE
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.SH EXAMPLE
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.SH EXAMPLES
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Below is a simple program that reallocates a block of
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memory in cycles that rise to a peak before then cyclically
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reallocating the memory in smaller blocks that return to zero.
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@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ Print version information and exit.
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To report bugs, see
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.UR http://www.gnu.org/software/libc/bugs.html
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.UE
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.SH EXAMPLE
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.SH EXAMPLES
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See
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.BR memusage (1).
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.SH SEE ALSO
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@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ was broken: it just hung when executed.
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.\" glibc commit 1a4c27355e146b6d8cc6487b998462c7fdd1048f
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This problem was fixed in glibc 2.30, and the fix has been backported
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to earlier glibc versions in some distributions.
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.SH EXAMPLE
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.SH EXAMPLES
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.EX
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$ \fBecho $$\fP # Display PID of shell
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1143
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@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ Display the program version and exit.
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The
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.B sprof
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command is a GNU extension, not present in POSIX.1.
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.SH EXAMPLE
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.SH EXAMPLES
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The following example demonstrates the use of
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.BR sprof .
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The example consists of a main program that calls two functions
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@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ passed by-value or by-pointer (for aggregates like structs).
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.\" header file contains the required SYS_foo definition.
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.\" Otherwise, the use of a _syscall macro is required.
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.\"
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.SH EXAMPLE
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.SH EXAMPLES
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.EX
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#include <stdio.h>
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#include <stdlib.h>
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@ -367,7 +367,7 @@ standard wanted to change it into a \fIsize_t\ *\fPC;
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.\" SunOS 5 has 'size_t *'
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later POSIX standards and glibc 2.x have
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.IR "socklen_t\ * ".
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.SH EXAMPLE
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.SH EXAMPLES
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See
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.BR bind (2).
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.SH SEE ALSO
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@ -221,7 +221,7 @@ A wrapper is provided in the
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package.
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When employing the wrapper in that library, link with
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.IR \-lkeyutils .
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.SH EXAMPLE
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.SH EXAMPLES
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The program below creates a key with the type, description, and payload
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specified in its command-line arguments,
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and links that key into the session keyring.
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@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ type, see
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.SH BUGS
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The transparent proxy options are not described.
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.\" FIXME Document transparent proxy options
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.SH EXAMPLE
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.SH EXAMPLES
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An example of the use of
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.BR bind ()
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with Internet domain sockets can be found in
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@ -446,7 +446,7 @@ as the old
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has got the same syscall number, and
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.BR chown ()
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got the newly introduced number.
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.SH EXAMPLE
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.SH EXAMPLES
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.PP
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The following program changes the ownership of the file named in
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its second command-line argument to the value specified in its
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@ -437,7 +437,7 @@ and
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.BR CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID ,
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on systems that provide such an implementation
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(i.e., Linux 2.6.12 and later).
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.SH EXAMPLE
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.SH EXAMPLES
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The program below demonstrates the use of
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.BR clock_gettime ()
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and
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@ -1771,7 +1771,7 @@ mypid = syscall(SYS_getpid);
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Because of the stale-cache problem, as well as other problems noted in
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.BR getpid (2),
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the PID caching feature was removed in glibc 2.25.
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.SH EXAMPLE
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.SH EXAMPLES
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The following program demonstrates the use of
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.BR clone ()
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to create a child process that executes in a separate UTS namespace.
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@ -286,7 +286,7 @@ If
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fails, consider the state of the socket as unspecified.
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Portable applications should close the socket and create a new one for
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reconnecting.
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.SH EXAMPLE
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.SH EXAMPLES
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An example of the use of
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.BR connect ()
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is shown in
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@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ gives filesystems an opportunity to implement "copy acceleration" techniques,
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such as the use of reflinks (i.e., two or more inodes that share
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pointers to the same copy-on-write disk blocks)
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or server-side-copy (in the case of NFS).
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.SH EXAMPLE
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.SH EXAMPLES
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.EX
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#define _GNU_SOURCE
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#include <fcntl.h>
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@ -357,7 +357,7 @@ The functions perform the read and write operations on an
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eventfd file descriptor,
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returning 0 if the correct number of bytes was transferred,
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or \-1 otherwise.
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.SH EXAMPLE
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.SH EXAMPLES
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.PP
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The following program creates an eventfd file descriptor
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and then forks to create a child process.
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@ -780,7 +780,7 @@ Since UNIX\ V7, both are NULL.
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.\" .BR execve ()
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.\" that could be exploited for denial of service by a suitably crafted
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.\" ELF binary. There are no known problems with 2.0.34 or 2.2.15.
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.SH EXAMPLE
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.SH EXAMPLES
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The following program is designed to be execed by the second program below.
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It just echoes its command-line arguments, one per line.
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.PP
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@ -309,7 +309,7 @@ The glibc wrapper invokes any fork handlers that have been
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established using
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.BR pthread_atfork (3).
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.\" and does some magic to ensure that getpid(2) returns the right value.
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.SH EXAMPLE
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.SH EXAMPLES
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See
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.BR pipe (2)
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and
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@ -1711,7 +1711,7 @@ various POSIX threads synchronization mechanisms
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.\"
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.\""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
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.\"
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.SH EXAMPLE
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.SH EXAMPLES
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The program below demonstrates use of futexes in a program where a parent
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process and a child process use a pair of futexes located inside a
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shared anonymous mapping to synchronize access to a shared resource:
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|
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@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ instead of these system calls.
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.PP
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These calls supersede
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.BR readdir (2).
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.SH EXAMPLE
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.SH EXAMPLES
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.\" FIXME The example program needs to be revised, since it uses the older
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.\" getdents() system call and the structure with smaller field widths.
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The program below demonstrates the use of
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|
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@ -776,7 +776,7 @@ and
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.BR getrlimit ()
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as wrapper functions that call
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.BR prlimit ().
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.SH EXAMPLE
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.SH EXAMPLES
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The program below demonstrates the use of
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.BR prlimit ().
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.PP
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|
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@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ These system calls are Linux-specific.
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.\" and the SGI XFS development team,
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.\" .RI < linux-xfs@oss.sgi.com >.
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.\" Please send any bug reports or comments to these addresses.
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.SH EXAMPLE
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.SH EXAMPLES
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See
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.BR listxattr (2).
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.SH SEE ALSO
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|
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@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ is not a directory.
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Inotify was merged into the 2.6.13 Linux kernel.
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.SH CONFORMING TO
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This system call is Linux-specific.
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.SH EXAMPLE
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.SH EXAMPLES
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See
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.BR inotify (7).
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.SH SEE ALSO
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|
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@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ was introduced in version 3.11
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of the Linux kernel.
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.SH CONFORMING TO
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This API is Linux-specific.
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.SH EXAMPLE
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.SH EXAMPLES
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.SS Toggling the archive flag
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The following program demonstrates the usage of
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.BR ioctl (2)
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|
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@ -363,7 +363,7 @@ operation first appeared in Linux 4.12.
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.SH CONFORMING TO
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This API is Linux-specific.
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Not all filesystems support it.
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.SH EXAMPLE
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.SH EXAMPLES
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See
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.I io/fsmap.c
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in the
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@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ does not refer to a
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file.
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.SH CONFORMING TO
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Namespaces and the operations described on this page are a Linux-specific.
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.SH EXAMPLE
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.SH EXAMPLES
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The example shown below uses the
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.BR ioctl (2)
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operations described above to perform simple
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|
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@ -549,7 +549,7 @@ Inappropriate
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.TP
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.B EPERM
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Insufficient permission.
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.SH EXAMPLE
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.SH EXAMPLES
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Check the condition of DTR on the serial port.
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.PP
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.EX
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|
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@ -679,7 +679,7 @@ operation that queries features availability and reopened before
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the second
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.BR UFFDIO_API
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operation that actually enables the desired features.
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.SH EXAMPLE
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.SH EXAMPLES
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See
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.BR userfaultfd (2).
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.SH SEE ALSO
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|
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@ -319,7 +319,7 @@ See
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.BR clone (2)
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for some background information on the shared resources
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referred to on this page.
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.SH EXAMPLE
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.SH EXAMPLES
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The program below uses
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.BR kcmp ()
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to test whether pairs of file descriptors refer to
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|
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@ -1961,7 +1961,7 @@ When employing the wrapper in that library, link with
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However, rather than using this system call directly,
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you probably want to use the various library functions
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mentioned in the descriptions of individual operations above.
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.SH EXAMPLE
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.SH EXAMPLES
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The program below provide subset of the functionality of the
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.BR request-key (8)
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program provided by the
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|
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@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ with the value 128.
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.\" The following is now rather historic information (MTK, Jun 05)
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.\" Don't rely on this value in portable applications since BSD
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.\" (and some BSD-derived systems) limit the backlog to 5.
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.SH EXAMPLE
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.SH EXAMPLES
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See
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.BR bind (2).
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.SH SEE ALSO
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|
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@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ attribute name list returned by
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.BR listxattr (7).
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If the total size of attribute names attached to a file exceeds this limit,
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it is no longer possible to retrieve the list of attribute names.
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.SH EXAMPLE
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.SH EXAMPLES
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The following program demonstrates the usage of
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.BR listxattr ()
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and
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|
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@ -270,7 +270,7 @@ Examples where
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.BR membarrier ()
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can be useful include implementations
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of Read-Copy-Update libraries and garbage collectors.
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.SH EXAMPLE
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.SH EXAMPLES
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Assuming a multithreaded application where "fast_path()" is executed
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very frequently, and where "slow_path()" is executed infrequently, the
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following code (x86) can be transformed using
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|
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@ -341,7 +341,7 @@ If desired, the second process can apply further seals
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to impose additional restrictions (so long as the
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.BR F_SEAL_SEAL
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seal has not yet been applied).
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.SH EXAMPLE
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.SH EXAMPLES
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Below are shown two example programs that demonstrate the use of
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.BR memfd_create ()
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and the file sealing API.
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|
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@ -904,7 +904,7 @@ however, this doesn't work on
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.BR tmpfs (5)
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(for example, when using the POSIX shared memory interface documented in
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.BR shm_overview (7)).
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.SH EXAMPLE
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.SH EXAMPLES
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.\" FIXME . Add an example here that uses an anonymous shared region for
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.\" IPC between parent and child.
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.PP
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|
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@ -283,7 +283,7 @@ When called this way, the operation of
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.BR pkey_mprotect ()
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is equivalent to
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.BR mprotect ().
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.SH EXAMPLE
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.SH EXAMPLES
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.\" sigaction.2 refers to this example
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.PP
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The program below demonstrates the use of
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|
|
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@ -571,7 +571,7 @@ this error was not diagnosed by
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This bug is fixed
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.\" commit 4f87dac386cc43d5525da7a939d4b4e7edbea22c
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in Linux 3.14.
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.SH EXAMPLE
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.SH EXAMPLES
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The program below demonstrates the use of
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.BR msgsnd ()
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and
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|
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@ -467,7 +467,7 @@ in order to produce the
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.IR mount_fd
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argument used by
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.BR open_by_handle_at ().
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.SH EXAMPLE
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.SH EXAMPLES
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The two programs below demonstrate the use of
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.BR name_to_handle_at ()
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and
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|
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@ -3390,7 +3390,7 @@ Various generalized events have had wrong values.
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For example, retired branches measured
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the wrong thing on AMD machines until Linux 2.6.35.
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.\" commit f287d332ce835f77a4f5077d2c0ef1e3f9ea42d2
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.SH EXAMPLE
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.SH EXAMPLES
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The following is a short example that measures the total
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instruction count of a call to
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.BR printf (3).
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|
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@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ furthermore, the file descriptor obtained in this way is
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.I not
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pollable and can't be waited on with
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.BR waitid (2).
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.SH EXAMPLE
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.SH EXAMPLES
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The program below opens a PID file descriptor for the
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process whose PID is specified as its command-line argument.
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It then uses
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|
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@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ if that process terminates,
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.BR pidfd_send_signal ()
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fails with the error
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.BR ESRCH .
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.SH EXAMPLE
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.SH EXAMPLES
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.nf
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#define _GNU_SOURCE
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#include <limits.h>
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|
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@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ wrapper function transparently deals with this.
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See
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.BR syscall (2)
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for information regarding registers used for storing second file descriptor.
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.SH EXAMPLE
|
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.SH EXAMPLES
|
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.\" fork.2 refers to this example program.
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The following program creates a pipe, and then
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.BR fork (2)s
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|
|
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@ -271,7 +271,7 @@ at that time that the implementation might change before final release.
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However, the behavior stated in DESCRIPTION
|
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has remained consistent since this system call
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was first implemented and will not change now.
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.SH EXAMPLE
|
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.SH EXAMPLES
|
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.\" FIXME
|
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.\" Would it be better, because simpler, to use unshare(2)
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.\" rather than clone(2) in the example below?
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|
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@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ or after it is freed via
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.BR pkey_free ()),
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the kernel may make arbitrary changes to the parts of the
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rights register affecting access to that key.
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.SH EXAMPLE
|
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.SH EXAMPLES
|
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See
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.BR pkeys (7).
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.SH SEE ALSO
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|
|
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@ -477,7 +477,7 @@ notion of the sigset.
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See the discussion of spurious readiness notifications under the
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BUGS section of
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.BR select (2).
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.SH EXAMPLE
|
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.SH EXAMPLES
|
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The program below opens each of the files named in its command-line
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arguments and monitors the resulting file descriptors for readiness to read
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.RB ( POLLIN ).
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|
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@ -299,7 +299,7 @@ when using, for example, shared memory or pipes).
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.\" Original user is MPI, http://www.mcs.anl.gov/research/projects/mpi/
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.\" See also some benchmarks at http://lwn.net/Articles/405284/
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.\" and http://marc.info/?l=linux-mm&m=130105930902915&w=2
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.SH EXAMPLE
|
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.SH EXAMPLES
|
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The following code sample demonstrates the use of
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.BR process_vm_readv ().
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It reads 20 bytes at the address 0x10000 from the process with PID 10
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|
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@ -272,7 +272,7 @@ glibc constructs a pathname based on the symbolic link in
|
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that corresponds to the
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.IR dirfd
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argument.
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.SH EXAMPLE
|
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.SH EXAMPLES
|
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The following program allocates the buffer needed by
|
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.BR readlink ()
|
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dynamically from the information provided by
|
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|
|
|
@ -408,7 +408,7 @@ that the system is running a Linux kernel older than version 2.6.18
|
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And since glibc 2.20
|
||||
(which requires a minimum Linux kernel version of 2.6.32),
|
||||
the glibc wrapper functions always just directly invoke the system calls.
|
||||
.SH EXAMPLE
|
||||
.SH EXAMPLES
|
||||
The following code sample demonstrates the use of
|
||||
.BR writev ():
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -545,7 +545,7 @@ See
|
|||
.BR recvmmsg (2)
|
||||
for information about a Linux-specific system call
|
||||
that can be used to receive multiple datagrams in a single call.
|
||||
.SH EXAMPLE
|
||||
.SH EXAMPLES
|
||||
An example of the use of
|
||||
.BR recvfrom ()
|
||||
is shown in
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ The error code is expected to be returned on a subsequent call to
|
|||
In the current implementation, however, the error code can be overwritten
|
||||
in the meantime by an unrelated network event on a socket,
|
||||
for example an incoming ICMP packet.
|
||||
.SH EXAMPLE
|
||||
.SH EXAMPLES
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
The following program uses
|
||||
.BR recvmmsg ()
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -444,7 +444,7 @@ A wrapper is provided in the
|
|||
package.
|
||||
When employing the wrapper in that library, link with
|
||||
.IR \-lkeyutils .
|
||||
.SH EXAMPLE
|
||||
.SH EXAMPLES
|
||||
The program below demonstrates the use of
|
||||
.BR request_key ().
|
||||
The
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -303,7 +303,7 @@ counting those which are set, and stop upon reaching the value returned by
|
|||
.BR CPU_COUNT (3)
|
||||
(rather than iterating over the number of bits
|
||||
requested to be allocated).
|
||||
.SH EXAMPLE
|
||||
.SH EXAMPLES
|
||||
The program below creates a child process.
|
||||
The parent and child then each assign themselves to a specified CPU
|
||||
and execute identical loops that consume some CPU time.
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -909,7 +909,7 @@ addressing mode modifier yields an immediate mode operand
|
|||
whose value is the size of the
|
||||
.IR seccomp_data
|
||||
buffer.
|
||||
.SH EXAMPLE
|
||||
.SH EXAMPLES
|
||||
The program below accepts four or more arguments.
|
||||
The first three arguments are a system call number,
|
||||
a numeric architecture identifier, and an error number.
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -710,7 +710,7 @@ system call has the same behavior,
|
|||
but the glibc wrapper hides this behavior by internally copying the
|
||||
.I timeout
|
||||
to a local variable and passing that variable to the system call.
|
||||
.SH EXAMPLE
|
||||
.SH EXAMPLES
|
||||
.EX
|
||||
#include <stdio.h>
|
||||
#include <stdlib.h>
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -346,7 +346,7 @@ API provides an interface that is more efficient than
|
|||
and
|
||||
.BR poll (2)
|
||||
when monitoring large numbers of file descriptors.
|
||||
.SH EXAMPLE
|
||||
.SH EXAMPLES
|
||||
Here is an example that better demonstrates the true utility of
|
||||
.BR select ().
|
||||
The listing below is a TCP forwarding program that forwards
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -639,7 +639,7 @@ operations.
|
|||
This was rectified
|
||||
.\" commit a5f4db877177d2a3d7ae62a7bac3a5a27e083d7f
|
||||
in Linux 4.6.
|
||||
.SH EXAMPLE
|
||||
.SH EXAMPLES
|
||||
See
|
||||
.BR shmop (2).
|
||||
.SH SEE ALSO
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -313,7 +313,7 @@ The name choice
|
|||
was perhaps unfortunate,
|
||||
.B IPC_NEW
|
||||
would more clearly show its function.
|
||||
.SH EXAMPLE
|
||||
.SH EXAMPLES
|
||||
The program shown below uses
|
||||
.BR semget ()
|
||||
to create a new semaphore set or retrieve the ID of an existing set.
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -517,7 +517,7 @@ This bug is fixed in kernel 2.6.11.
|
|||
.\" http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=110260821123863&w=2
|
||||
.\" the fix:
|
||||
.\" http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=110261701025794&w=2
|
||||
.SH EXAMPLE
|
||||
.SH EXAMPLES
|
||||
The following code segment uses
|
||||
.BR semop ()
|
||||
to atomically wait for the value of semaphore 0 to become zero,
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -458,7 +458,7 @@ Linux may return
|
|||
.B EPIPE
|
||||
instead of
|
||||
.BR ENOTCONN .
|
||||
.SH EXAMPLE
|
||||
.SH EXAMPLES
|
||||
An example of the use of
|
||||
.BR sendto ()
|
||||
is shown in
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ The caller can retry the transmission,
|
|||
starting at the first failed message, but there is no guarantee that,
|
||||
if an error is returned, it will be the same as the one that was lost
|
||||
on the previous call.
|
||||
.SH EXAMPLE
|
||||
.SH EXAMPLES
|
||||
The example below uses
|
||||
.BR sendmmsg ()
|
||||
to send
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -253,7 +253,7 @@ a new thread is created using
|
|||
.BR clone (2)
|
||||
can be changed using
|
||||
.BR setns ().
|
||||
.SH EXAMPLE
|
||||
.SH EXAMPLES
|
||||
The program below takes two or more arguments.
|
||||
The first argument specifies the pathname of a namespace file in an existing
|
||||
.I /proc/[pid]/ns/
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -411,7 +411,7 @@ The name choice
|
|||
was perhaps unfortunate,
|
||||
.B IPC_NEW
|
||||
would more clearly show its function.
|
||||
.SH EXAMPLE
|
||||
.SH EXAMPLES
|
||||
See
|
||||
.BR shmop (2).
|
||||
.SH SEE ALSO
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -291,7 +291,7 @@ is the same as the system page size.)
|
|||
The implementation places no intrinsic per-process limit on the
|
||||
number of shared memory segments
|
||||
.RB ( SHMSEG ).
|
||||
.SH EXAMPLE
|
||||
.SH EXAMPLES
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
The two programs shown below exchange a string using a shared memory segment.
|
||||
Further details about the programs are given below.
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -1035,7 +1035,7 @@ prevents not only the delivered signal from being masked during
|
|||
execution of the handler, but also the signals specified in
|
||||
.IR sa_mask .
|
||||
This bug was fixed in kernel 2.6.14.
|
||||
.SH EXAMPLE
|
||||
.SH EXAMPLES
|
||||
See
|
||||
.BR mprotect (2).
|
||||
.SH SEE ALSO
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -324,7 +324,7 @@ give an error if
|
|||
.B SS_ONSTACK
|
||||
is specified in
|
||||
.IR ss.ss_flags .
|
||||
.SH EXAMPLE
|
||||
.SH EXAMPLES
|
||||
The following code segment demonstrates the use of
|
||||
.BR sigaltstack ()
|
||||
(and
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -444,7 +444,7 @@ and
|
|||
fields are not filled in with the data accompanying a signal sent by
|
||||
.BR sigqueue (3).
|
||||
.\" The fix also was put into 2.6.24.5
|
||||
.SH EXAMPLE
|
||||
.SH EXAMPLES
|
||||
The program below accepts the signals
|
||||
.B SIGINT
|
||||
and
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -485,7 +485,7 @@ families.
|
|||
However, already the BSD man page promises: "The protocol
|
||||
family generally is the same as the address family", and subsequent
|
||||
standards use AF_* everywhere.
|
||||
.SH EXAMPLE
|
||||
.SH EXAMPLES
|
||||
An example of the use of
|
||||
.BR socket ()
|
||||
is shown in
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ was required to be a pipe.
|
|||
Since Linux 2.6.31,
|
||||
.\" commit 7c77f0b3f9208c339a4b40737bb2cb0f0319bb8d
|
||||
both arguments may refer to pipes.
|
||||
.SH EXAMPLE
|
||||
.SH EXAMPLES
|
||||
See
|
||||
.BR tee (2).
|
||||
.SH SEE ALSO
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -262,7 +262,7 @@ See
|
|||
.UR http://www.bsc.es\:/projects\:/deepcomputing\:/linuxoncell/
|
||||
.UE
|
||||
for the recommended libraries.
|
||||
.SH EXAMPLE
|
||||
.SH EXAMPLES
|
||||
See
|
||||
.BR spu_run (2)
|
||||
for an example of the use of
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ See
|
|||
.UR http://www.bsc.es\:/projects\:/deepcomputing\:/linuxoncell/
|
||||
.UE
|
||||
for the recommended libraries.
|
||||
.SH EXAMPLE
|
||||
.SH EXAMPLES
|
||||
The following is an example of running a simple, one-instruction SPU
|
||||
program with the
|
||||
.BR spu_run ()
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -640,7 +640,7 @@ wrapper function is actually called
|
|||
or, on some architectures,
|
||||
.\" strace(1) shows the name "newfstatat" on x86-64
|
||||
.BR newfstatat ().
|
||||
.SH EXAMPLE
|
||||
.SH EXAMPLES
|
||||
The following program calls
|
||||
.BR lstat ()
|
||||
and displays selected fields in the returned
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -369,7 +369,7 @@ arguments 5 through 8 on the user stack.
|
|||
.PP
|
||||
Note that these tables don't cover the entire calling convention\(emsome
|
||||
architectures may indiscriminately clobber other registers not listed here.
|
||||
.SH EXAMPLE
|
||||
.SH EXAMPLES
|
||||
.EX
|
||||
#define _GNU_SOURCE
|
||||
#include <unistd.h>
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ Not all available objects are properly documented.
|
|||
.PP
|
||||
It is not yet possible to change operating system by writing to
|
||||
.IR /proc/sys/kernel/ostype .
|
||||
.SH EXAMPLE
|
||||
.SH EXAMPLES
|
||||
.EX
|
||||
#define _GNU_SOURCE
|
||||
#include <unistd.h>
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ under the covers,
|
|||
.BR tee ()
|
||||
assigns data to the output by merely grabbing
|
||||
a reference to the input.
|
||||
.SH EXAMPLE
|
||||
.SH EXAMPLES
|
||||
The example below implements a basic
|
||||
.BR tee (1)
|
||||
program using the
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -335,7 +335,7 @@ and in glibc versions before 2.17,
|
|||
.\" glibc commit 93a78ac437ba44f493333d7e2a4b0249839ce460
|
||||
the implementation falls back to this technique on systems
|
||||
running pre-2.6 Linux kernels.
|
||||
.SH EXAMPLE
|
||||
.SH EXAMPLES
|
||||
The program below takes two arguments: a sleep period in seconds,
|
||||
and a timer frequency in nanoseconds.
|
||||
The program establishes a handler for the signal it uses for the timer,
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ if the timer overrun value exceeds the maximum representable integer,
|
|||
the counter cycles, starting once more from low values.
|
||||
.\" Bug filed: http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=12665
|
||||
.\" http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel/113276/
|
||||
.SH EXAMPLE
|
||||
.SH EXAMPLES
|
||||
See
|
||||
.BR timer_create (2).
|
||||
.SH SEE ALSO
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ is negative or greater than 999,999,999.
|
|||
These system calls are available since Linux 2.6.
|
||||
.SH CONFORMING TO
|
||||
POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008.
|
||||
.SH EXAMPLE
|
||||
.SH EXAMPLES
|
||||
See
|
||||
.BR timer_create (2).
|
||||
.SH SEE ALSO
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -552,7 +552,7 @@ Currently,
|
|||
.BR timerfd_create ()
|
||||
supports fewer types of clock IDs than
|
||||
.BR timer_create (2).
|
||||
.SH EXAMPLE
|
||||
.SH EXAMPLES
|
||||
The following program creates a timer and then monitors its progress.
|
||||
The program accepts up to three command-line arguments.
|
||||
The first argument specifies the number of seconds for
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -460,7 +460,7 @@ Such functionality may be added in the future, if required.
|
|||
.\"be incrementally added to unshare without affecting legacy
|
||||
.\"applications using unshare.
|
||||
.\"
|
||||
.SH EXAMPLE
|
||||
.SH EXAMPLES
|
||||
The program below provides a simple implementation of the
|
||||
.BR unshare (1)
|
||||
command, which unshares one or more namespaces and executes the
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -483,7 +483,7 @@ might be created.
|
|||
In this case, a spurious
|
||||
.B UFFD_EVENT_FORK
|
||||
will be delivered to the userfaultfd monitor.
|
||||
.SH EXAMPLE
|
||||
.SH EXAMPLES
|
||||
The program below demonstrates the use of the userfaultfd mechanism.
|
||||
The program creates two threads, one of which acts as the
|
||||
page-fault handler for the process, for the pages in a demand-page zero
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -618,7 +618,7 @@ is NULL,
|
|||
succeeds, and returns the process ID of the waited-for child.
|
||||
Applications should avoid relying on this inconsistent,
|
||||
nonstandard, and unnecessary feature.
|
||||
.SH EXAMPLE
|
||||
.SH EXAMPLES
|
||||
.\" fork.2 refers to this example program.
|
||||
The following program demonstrates the use of
|
||||
.BR fork (2)
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ and less efficient operation of the macros that
|
|||
operate on dynamically allocated CPU sets.
|
||||
These bugs are fixed in glibc 2.9.
|
||||
.\" http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=7029
|
||||
.SH EXAMPLE
|
||||
.SH EXAMPLES
|
||||
The following program demonstrates the use of some of the macros
|
||||
used for dynamically allocated CPU sets.
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ has been provided since version 2.16 and
|
|||
has been available since version 2.17.
|
||||
.SH CONFORMING TO
|
||||
Both functions are nonstandard GNU extensions.
|
||||
.SH EXAMPLE
|
||||
.SH EXAMPLES
|
||||
The following program will calculate the time, in microseconds, spent
|
||||
between two calls to
|
||||
.BR __ppc_get_timebase ().
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ and
|
|||
macros from
|
||||
.I <fpu_control.h>
|
||||
can be used.
|
||||
.SH EXAMPLE
|
||||
.SH EXAMPLES
|
||||
.B __setfpucw(0x1372)
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
Set FPU control word on the i386 architecture to
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ T} Thread safety MT-Safe
|
|||
.TE
|
||||
.SH CONFORMING TO
|
||||
POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008.
|
||||
.SH EXAMPLE
|
||||
.SH EXAMPLES
|
||||
See
|
||||
.BR aio (7).
|
||||
.SH SEE ALSO
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ T} Thread safety MT-Safe
|
|||
.TE
|
||||
.SH CONFORMING TO
|
||||
POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008.
|
||||
.SH EXAMPLE
|
||||
.SH EXAMPLES
|
||||
See
|
||||
.BR aio (7).
|
||||
.SH SEE ALSO
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ The memory areas involved must remain valid.
|
|||
Simultaneous I/O operations specifying the same
|
||||
.I aiocb
|
||||
structure produce undefined results.
|
||||
.SH EXAMPLE
|
||||
.SH EXAMPLES
|
||||
See
|
||||
.BR aio (7).
|
||||
.SH SEE ALSO
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ T} Thread safety MT-Safe
|
|||
.TE
|
||||
.SH CONFORMING TO
|
||||
POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008.
|
||||
.SH EXAMPLE
|
||||
.SH EXAMPLES
|
||||
See
|
||||
.BR aio (7).
|
||||
.SH SEE ALSO
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ Since glibc 2.2.3,
|
|||
.BR on_exit (3))
|
||||
can be used within a shared library to establish functions
|
||||
that are called when the shared library is unloaded.
|
||||
.SH EXAMPLE
|
||||
.SH EXAMPLES
|
||||
.EX
|
||||
#include <stdio.h>
|
||||
#include <stdlib.h>
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ For systems using the GNU linker, it is necessary to use the
|
|||
linker option.
|
||||
Note that names of "static" functions are not exposed,
|
||||
and won't be available in the backtrace.
|
||||
.SH EXAMPLE
|
||||
.SH EXAMPLES
|
||||
The program below demonstrates the use of
|
||||
.BR backtrace ()
|
||||
and
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ Before glibc 2.2.1, the glibc version of
|
|||
.BR dirname ()
|
||||
did not correctly handle pathnames with trailing \(aq/\(aq characters,
|
||||
and generated a segfault if given a NULL argument.
|
||||
.SH EXAMPLE
|
||||
.SH EXAMPLES
|
||||
The following code snippet demonstrates the use of
|
||||
.BR basename ()
|
||||
and
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ T} Thread safety MT-Safe
|
|||
.sp 1
|
||||
.SH CONFORMING TO
|
||||
POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008, C89, C99, SVr4, 4.3BSD.
|
||||
.SH EXAMPLE
|
||||
.SH EXAMPLES
|
||||
The example below first sorts an array of structures using
|
||||
.BR qsort (3),
|
||||
then retrieves desired elements using
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ These macros return the value of their argument with the bytes reversed.
|
|||
These macros always succeed.
|
||||
.SH CONFORMING TO
|
||||
These macros are GNU extensions.
|
||||
.SH EXAMPLE
|
||||
.SH EXAMPLES
|
||||
The program below swaps the bytes of the 8-byte integer supplied as
|
||||
its command-line argument.
|
||||
The following shell session demonstrates the use of the program:
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ T} Thread safety MT-Safe
|
|||
.TE
|
||||
.SH CONFORMING TO
|
||||
C99, POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008.
|
||||
.SH EXAMPLE
|
||||
.SH EXAMPLES
|
||||
.EX
|
||||
/* Link with "\-lm" */
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ T} Thread safety MT-Safe
|
|||
.TE
|
||||
.SH CONFORMING TO
|
||||
C99, POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008.
|
||||
.SH EXAMPLE
|
||||
.SH EXAMPLES
|
||||
.EX
|
||||
/* Link with "\-lm" */
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ T} Thread safety MT-Safe
|
|||
.TE
|
||||
.SH CONFORMING TO
|
||||
C99, POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008.
|
||||
.SH EXAMPLE
|
||||
.SH EXAMPLES
|
||||
.EX
|
||||
/* Link with "\-lm" */
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ T} Thread safety MT-Safe
|
|||
.TE
|
||||
.SH CONFORMING TO
|
||||
C99, POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008.
|
||||
.SH EXAMPLE
|
||||
.SH EXAMPLES
|
||||
.EX
|
||||
/* Link with "\-lm" */
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ with a
|
|||
of 0,
|
||||
is the same as using the clock ID
|
||||
.BR CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID .
|
||||
.SH EXAMPLE
|
||||
.SH EXAMPLES
|
||||
The example program below obtains the
|
||||
CPU-time clock ID of the process whose ID is given on the command line,
|
||||
and then uses
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ and
|
|||
are constant expressions (assuming their argument is constant),
|
||||
meaning that these values can be used to declare the size of global variables.
|
||||
This may not be portable, however.
|
||||
.SH EXAMPLE
|
||||
.SH EXAMPLES
|
||||
This code looks for the
|
||||
.B IP_TTL
|
||||
option in a received ancillary buffer:
|
||||
|
|
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Reference in New Issue