2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.\" From Henry Spencer's regex package (as found in the apache
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.\" distribution). The package carries the following copyright:
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.\"
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.\" Copyright 1992, 1993, 1994 Henry Spencer. All rights reserved.
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2013-03-10 09:29:18 +00:00
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.\" %%%LICENSE_START(MISC)
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.\" This software is not subject to any license of the American Telephone
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.\" and Telegraph Company or of the Regents of the University of California.
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2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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.\"
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.\" Permission is granted to anyone to use this software for any purpose
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.\" on any computer system, and to alter it and redistribute it, subject
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.\" to the following restrictions:
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2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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.\"
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.\" 1. The author is not responsible for the consequences of use of this
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.\" software, no matter how awful, even if they arise from flaws in it.
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2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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.\"
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.\" 2. The origin of this software must not be misrepresented, either by
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.\" explicit claim or by omission. Since few users ever read sources,
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.\" credits must appear in the documentation.
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2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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.\"
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.\" 3. Altered versions must be plainly marked as such, and must not be
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.\" misrepresented as being the original software. Since few users
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.\" ever read sources, credits must appear in the documentation.
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2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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.\"
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.\" 4. This notice may not be removed or altered.
|
epoll_create.2, epoll_ctl.2, epoll_wait.2, eventfd.2, fallocate.2, futex.2, getcpu.2, getitimer.2, ioctl_list.2, ioprio_set.2, migrate_pages.2, move_pages.2, pciconfig_read.2, sendfile.2, setns.2, signalfd.2, spu_create.2, spu_run.2, sysinfo.2, timerfd_create.2, backtrace.3, cmsg.3, error.3, getpt.3, getrpcent.3, getrpcport.3, getsubopt.3, offsetof.3, program_invocation_name.3, rpc.3, rpmatch.3, rtnetlink.3, xdr.3, cciss.4, hpsa.4, pts.4, charmap.5, dir_colors.5, elf.5, gai.conf.5, locale.5, nscd.conf.5, nss.5, resolv.conf.5, rpc.5, arp.7, cpuset.7, ddp.7, epoll.7, fifo.7, futex.7, icmp.7, ip.7, ipv6.7, mailaddr.7, netdevice.7, packet.7, raw.7, regex.7, rtnetlink.7, socket.7, spufs.7, tcp.7, udp.7, unix.7, x25.7, ldconfig.8, nscd.8: Global fix: s/END_LICENSE/LICENSE_END/
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2013-03-12 09:26:07 +00:00
|
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.\" %%%LICENSE_END
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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.\"
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.\" In order to comply with `credits must appear in the documentation'
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.\" I added an AUTHOR paragraph below - aeb.
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.\"
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.\" In the default nroff environment there is no dagger \(dg.
|
2005-05-11 16:06:19 +00:00
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.\"
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.\" 2005-05-11 Removed discussion of `[[:<:]]' and `[[:>:]]', which
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.\" appear not to be in the glibc implementation of regcomp
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.\"
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.ie t .ds dg \(dg
|
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.el .ds dg (!)
|
intro.1, clock_getres.2, execve.2, fcntl.2, iopl.2, lseek.2, mknod.2, mmap.2, mount.2, mq_getsetattr.2, pidfd_open.2, prctl.2, setns.2, sgetmask.2, sigaction.2, stat.2, statx.2, sync.2, syscalls.2, syslog.2, timerfd_create.2, umask.2, a64l.3, aio_init.3, atoi.3, dladdr.3, fread.3, getpt.3, isfdtype.3, malloc_stats.3, malloc_trim.3, mkfifo.3, mq_close.3, mq_open.3, mq_receive.3, mq_send.3, mq_unlink.3, posix_memalign.3, posix_openpt.3, pthread_atfork.3, pthread_rwlockattr_setkind_np.3, regex.3, scanf.3, sem_close.3, sem_destroy.3, sem_init.3, sem_open.3, sem_post.3, sem_unlink.3, sigset.3, sigvec.3, strftime.3, termios.3, console_codes.4, dsp56k.4, fd.4, lp.4, mouse.4, pts.4, sk98lin.4, dir_colors.5, proc.5, resolv.conf.5, termcap.5, utmp.5, aio.7, armscii-8.7, arp.7, capabilities.7, cgroups.7, charsets.7, cp1251.7, cp1252.7, environ.7, glob.7, inode.7, iso_8859-1.7, iso_8859-10.7, iso_8859-11.7, iso_8859-13.7, iso_8859-14.7, iso_8859-15.7, iso_8859-16.7, iso_8859-2.7, iso_8859-3.7, iso_8859-4.7, iso_8859-5.7, iso_8859-6.7, iso_8859-7.7, iso_8859-8.7, iso_8859-9.7, keyrings.7, koi8-r.7, koi8-u.7, mailaddr.7, man-pages.7, netdevice.7, operator.7, persistent-keyring.7, process-keyring.7, pthreads.7, pty.7, raw.7, regex.7, session-keyring.7, shm_overview.7, signal.7, socket.7, suffixes.7, thread-keyring.7, unicode.7, units.7, uri.7, user-keyring.7, user-session-keyring.7, iconvconfig.8, ld.so.8, zic.8: tstamp
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2020-08-13 08:01:14 +00:00
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|
|
.TH REGEX 7 2020-08-13 "" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.SH NAME
|
2006-08-03 13:58:08 +00:00
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regex \- POSIX.2 regular expressions
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
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|
.SH DESCRIPTION
|
2007-12-16 14:08:46 +00:00
|
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Regular expressions ("RE"s),
|
2006-08-03 13:58:08 +00:00
|
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|
as defined in POSIX.2, come in two forms:
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
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|
modern REs (roughly those of
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|
.IR egrep ;
|
2007-12-16 14:08:46 +00:00
|
|
|
POSIX.2 calls these "extended" REs)
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
and obsolete REs (roughly those of
|
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|
|
.BR ed (1);
|
2007-12-16 14:08:46 +00:00
|
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|
POSIX.2 "basic" REs).
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
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Obsolete REs mostly exist for backward compatibility in some old programs;
|
|
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|
they will be discussed at the end.
|
2006-09-04 09:07:15 +00:00
|
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|
POSIX.2 leaves some aspects of RE syntax and semantics open;
|
2008-06-09 21:03:52 +00:00
|
|
|
"\*(dg" marks decisions on these aspects that
|
2006-09-04 09:07:15 +00:00
|
|
|
may not be fully portable to other POSIX.2 implementations.
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.PP
|
mbind.2, rename.2, sched_setscheduler.2, set_mempolicy.2, syslog.2, argz_add.3, dlopen.3, scanf.3, strtod.3, strtok.3, tcgetpgrp.3, hd.4, cpuset.7, regex.7, ld.so.8: Global fix: s/non-empty/nonempty/
The tendency in English, as prescribed in style guides like
Chicago MoS, is towards removing hyphens after prefixes
like "non-" etc.
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2010-01-16 16:41:47 +00:00
|
|
|
A (modern) RE is one\*(dg or more nonempty\*(dg \fIbranches\fR,
|
2008-06-09 21:03:52 +00:00
|
|
|
separated by \(aq|\(aq.
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
It matches anything that matches one of the branches.
|
|
|
|
.PP
|
|
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|
A branch is one\*(dg or more \fIpieces\fR, concatenated.
|
madvise.2, perf_event_open.2, query_module.2, stat.2, sem_init.3, hpsa.4, rtc.4, st.4, elf.5, filesystems.5, proc.5, environ.7, man-pages.7, regex.7, units.7: Reword to avoid use of "etc."
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2014-01-18 10:58:39 +00:00
|
|
|
It matches a match for the first, followed by a match for the second,
|
|
|
|
and so on.
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.PP
|
|
|
|
A piece is an \fIatom\fR possibly followed
|
2008-06-09 21:03:52 +00:00
|
|
|
by a single\*(dg \(aq*\(aq, \(aq+\(aq, \(aq?\(aq, or \fIbound\fR.
|
2008-06-09 21:12:25 +00:00
|
|
|
An atom followed by \(aq*\(aq
|
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|
matches a sequence of 0 or more matches of the atom.
|
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|
An atom followed by \(aq+\(aq
|
|
|
|
matches a sequence of 1 or more matches of the atom.
|
|
|
|
An atom followed by \(aq?\(aq
|
|
|
|
matches a sequence of 0 or 1 matches of the atom.
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.PP
|
2008-06-09 21:03:52 +00:00
|
|
|
A \fIbound\fR is \(aq{\(aq followed by an unsigned decimal integer,
|
|
|
|
possibly followed by \(aq,\(aq
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
possibly followed by another unsigned decimal integer,
|
2008-06-09 21:03:52 +00:00
|
|
|
always followed by \(aq}\(aq.
|
2007-06-22 20:40:07 +00:00
|
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|
The integers must lie between 0 and
|
|
|
|
.B RE_DUP_MAX
|
|
|
|
(255\*(dg) inclusive,
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
and if there are two of them, the first may not exceed the second.
|
|
|
|
An atom followed by a bound containing one integer \fIi\fR
|
|
|
|
and no comma matches
|
|
|
|
a sequence of exactly \fIi\fR matches of the atom.
|
|
|
|
An atom followed by a bound
|
|
|
|
containing one integer \fIi\fR and a comma matches
|
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|
|
a sequence of \fIi\fR or more matches of the atom.
|
|
|
|
An atom followed by a bound
|
|
|
|
containing two integers \fIi\fR and \fIj\fR matches
|
|
|
|
a sequence of \fIi\fR through \fIj\fR (inclusive) matches of the atom.
|
|
|
|
.PP
|
2008-06-09 21:12:25 +00:00
|
|
|
An atom is a regular expression enclosed in "\fI()\fP"
|
|
|
|
(matching a match for the regular expression),
|
2008-06-09 21:03:52 +00:00
|
|
|
an empty set of "\fI()\fP" (matching the null string)\*(dg,
|
|
|
|
a \fIbracket expression\fR (see below), \(aq.\(aq
|
pldd.1, bpf.2, execve.2, futex.2, ioctl_fat.2, ioctl_tty.2, keyctl.2, signalfd.2, timerfd_create.2, __ppc_get_timebase.3, a64l.3, frexp.3, pthread_setname_np.3, regex.3, rpmatch.3, scanf.3, strfmon.3, strftime.3, termios.3, console_codes.4, vcs.4, veth.4, core.5, dir_colors.5, termcap.5, ascii.7, charsets.7, glob.7, man-pages.7, operator.7, regex.7, user_namespaces.7, zic.8: Use "\(ha" rather than "^" in code
This renders better in PDF.
Reported-by: Geoff Clare <gwc@opengroup.org>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2020-08-06 20:22:39 +00:00
|
|
|
(matching any single character), \(aq\(ha\(aq (matching the null string at the
|
2008-06-09 21:03:52 +00:00
|
|
|
beginning of a line), \(aq$\(aq (matching the null string at the
|
time.1, atexit.3, bsearch.3, dlopen.3, envz_add.3, errno.3, fmtmsg.3, getgrent_r.3, getline.3, getmntent.3, getnameinfo.3, getpass.3, getpwent_r.3, gets.3, isalpha.3, printf.3, puts.3, recno.3, scandir.3, stdarg.3, sysconf.3, termios.3, wordexp.3, null.4, core.5, dir_colors.5, issue.5, proc.5, termcap.5, utmp.5, ascii.7, cpuset.7, glob.7, man-pages.7, man.7, mdoc.7, mdoc.samples.7, regex.7: Revert 9f8e673e623d (whose global s%\\e%\\\\% caused problems)
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2012-09-26 21:56:54 +00:00
|
|
|
end of a line), a \(aq\e\(aq followed by one of the characters
|
pldd.1, bpf.2, execve.2, futex.2, ioctl_fat.2, ioctl_tty.2, keyctl.2, signalfd.2, timerfd_create.2, __ppc_get_timebase.3, a64l.3, frexp.3, pthread_setname_np.3, regex.3, rpmatch.3, scanf.3, strfmon.3, strftime.3, termios.3, console_codes.4, vcs.4, veth.4, core.5, dir_colors.5, termcap.5, ascii.7, charsets.7, glob.7, man-pages.7, operator.7, regex.7, user_namespaces.7, zic.8: Use "\(ha" rather than "^" in code
This renders better in PDF.
Reported-by: Geoff Clare <gwc@opengroup.org>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2020-08-06 20:22:39 +00:00
|
|
|
"\fI\(ha.[$()|*+?{\e\fP"
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
(matching that character taken as an ordinary character),
|
time.1, atexit.3, bsearch.3, dlopen.3, envz_add.3, errno.3, fmtmsg.3, getgrent_r.3, getline.3, getmntent.3, getnameinfo.3, getpass.3, getpwent_r.3, gets.3, isalpha.3, printf.3, puts.3, recno.3, scandir.3, stdarg.3, sysconf.3, termios.3, wordexp.3, null.4, core.5, dir_colors.5, issue.5, proc.5, termcap.5, utmp.5, ascii.7, cpuset.7, glob.7, man-pages.7, man.7, mdoc.7, mdoc.samples.7, regex.7: Revert 9f8e673e623d (whose global s%\\e%\\\\% caused problems)
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2012-09-26 21:56:54 +00:00
|
|
|
a \(aq\e\(aq followed by any other character\*(dg
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
(matching that character taken as an ordinary character,
|
time.1, atexit.3, bsearch.3, dlopen.3, envz_add.3, errno.3, fmtmsg.3, getgrent_r.3, getline.3, getmntent.3, getnameinfo.3, getpass.3, getpwent_r.3, gets.3, isalpha.3, printf.3, puts.3, recno.3, scandir.3, stdarg.3, sysconf.3, termios.3, wordexp.3, null.4, core.5, dir_colors.5, issue.5, proc.5, termcap.5, utmp.5, ascii.7, cpuset.7, glob.7, man-pages.7, man.7, mdoc.7, mdoc.samples.7, regex.7: Revert 9f8e673e623d (whose global s%\\e%\\\\% caused problems)
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2012-09-26 21:56:54 +00:00
|
|
|
as if the \(aq\e\(aq had not been present\*(dg),
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
or a single character with no other significance (matching that character).
|
2008-06-09 21:03:52 +00:00
|
|
|
A \(aq{\(aq followed by a character other than a digit is an ordinary
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
character, not the beginning of a bound\*(dg.
|
time.1, atexit.3, bsearch.3, dlopen.3, envz_add.3, errno.3, fmtmsg.3, getgrent_r.3, getline.3, getmntent.3, getnameinfo.3, getpass.3, getpwent_r.3, gets.3, isalpha.3, printf.3, puts.3, recno.3, scandir.3, stdarg.3, sysconf.3, termios.3, wordexp.3, null.4, core.5, dir_colors.5, issue.5, proc.5, termcap.5, utmp.5, ascii.7, cpuset.7, glob.7, man-pages.7, man.7, mdoc.7, mdoc.samples.7, regex.7: Revert 9f8e673e623d (whose global s%\\e%\\\\% caused problems)
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2012-09-26 21:56:54 +00:00
|
|
|
It is illegal to end an RE with \(aq\e\(aq.
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.PP
|
2008-06-09 21:03:52 +00:00
|
|
|
A \fIbracket expression\fR is a list of characters enclosed in "\fI[]\fP".
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
It normally matches any single character from the list (but see below).
|
pldd.1, bpf.2, execve.2, futex.2, ioctl_fat.2, ioctl_tty.2, keyctl.2, signalfd.2, timerfd_create.2, __ppc_get_timebase.3, a64l.3, frexp.3, pthread_setname_np.3, regex.3, rpmatch.3, scanf.3, strfmon.3, strftime.3, termios.3, console_codes.4, vcs.4, veth.4, core.5, dir_colors.5, termcap.5, ascii.7, charsets.7, glob.7, man-pages.7, operator.7, regex.7, user_namespaces.7, zic.8: Use "\(ha" rather than "^" in code
This renders better in PDF.
Reported-by: Geoff Clare <gwc@opengroup.org>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2020-08-06 20:22:39 +00:00
|
|
|
If the list begins with \(aq\(ha\(aq,
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
it matches any single character
|
|
|
|
(but see below) \fInot\fR from the rest of the list.
|
2008-06-09 21:03:52 +00:00
|
|
|
If two characters in the list are separated by \(aq\-\(aq, this is shorthand
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
for the full \fIrange\fR of characters between those two (inclusive) in the
|
|
|
|
collating sequence,
|
2008-06-09 21:03:52 +00:00
|
|
|
for example, "\fI[0\-9]\fP" in ASCII matches any decimal digit.
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
It is illegal\*(dg for two ranges to share an
|
2017-08-22 00:55:13 +00:00
|
|
|
endpoint, for example, "\fIa\-c\-e\fP".
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
Ranges are very collating-sequence-dependent,
|
|
|
|
and portable programs should avoid relying on them.
|
|
|
|
.PP
|
2008-06-09 21:03:52 +00:00
|
|
|
To include a literal \(aq]\(aq in the list, make it the first character
|
pldd.1, bpf.2, execve.2, futex.2, ioctl_fat.2, ioctl_tty.2, keyctl.2, signalfd.2, timerfd_create.2, __ppc_get_timebase.3, a64l.3, frexp.3, pthread_setname_np.3, regex.3, rpmatch.3, scanf.3, strfmon.3, strftime.3, termios.3, console_codes.4, vcs.4, veth.4, core.5, dir_colors.5, termcap.5, ascii.7, charsets.7, glob.7, man-pages.7, operator.7, regex.7, user_namespaces.7, zic.8: Use "\(ha" rather than "^" in code
This renders better in PDF.
Reported-by: Geoff Clare <gwc@opengroup.org>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2020-08-06 20:22:39 +00:00
|
|
|
(following a possible \(aq\(ha\(aq).
|
2008-06-09 21:03:52 +00:00
|
|
|
To include a literal \(aq\-\(aq, make it the first or last character,
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
or the second endpoint of a range.
|
2008-06-09 21:03:52 +00:00
|
|
|
To use a literal \(aq\-\(aq as the first endpoint of a range,
|
2008-06-09 21:12:25 +00:00
|
|
|
enclose it in "\fI[.\fP" and "\fI.]\fP"
|
|
|
|
to make it a collating element (see below).
|
2008-06-09 21:03:52 +00:00
|
|
|
With the exception of these and some combinations using \(aq[\(aq (see next
|
time.1, atexit.3, bsearch.3, dlopen.3, envz_add.3, errno.3, fmtmsg.3, getgrent_r.3, getline.3, getmntent.3, getnameinfo.3, getpass.3, getpwent_r.3, gets.3, isalpha.3, printf.3, puts.3, recno.3, scandir.3, stdarg.3, sysconf.3, termios.3, wordexp.3, null.4, core.5, dir_colors.5, issue.5, proc.5, termcap.5, utmp.5, ascii.7, cpuset.7, glob.7, man-pages.7, man.7, mdoc.7, mdoc.samples.7, regex.7: Revert 9f8e673e623d (whose global s%\\e%\\\\% caused problems)
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2012-09-26 21:56:54 +00:00
|
|
|
paragraphs), all other special characters, including \(aq\e\(aq, lose their
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
special significance within a bracket expression.
|
|
|
|
.PP
|
|
|
|
Within a bracket expression, a collating element (a character,
|
getaddrinfo.3, setlocale.3, strchr.3, wctob.3, st.4, glob.7, locale.7, regex.7, standards.7, unicode.7, utf-8.7: Global fix: s/multi-/multi/
The tendency in English, as prescribed in style guides like
Chicago MoS, is towards removing hyphens after prefixes
like "multi-" etc.
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2010-01-16 17:47:55 +00:00
|
|
|
a multicharacter sequence that collates as if it were a single character,
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
or a collating-sequence name for either)
|
2008-06-09 21:03:52 +00:00
|
|
|
enclosed in "\fI[.\fP" and "\fI.]\fP" stands for the
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
sequence of characters of that collating element.
|
|
|
|
The sequence is a single element of the bracket expression's list.
|
getaddrinfo.3, setlocale.3, strchr.3, wctob.3, st.4, glob.7, locale.7, regex.7, standards.7, unicode.7, utf-8.7: Global fix: s/multi-/multi/
The tendency in English, as prescribed in style guides like
Chicago MoS, is towards removing hyphens after prefixes
like "multi-" etc.
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2010-01-16 17:47:55 +00:00
|
|
|
A bracket expression containing a multicharacter collating element
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
can thus match more than one character,
|
2008-06-09 21:03:52 +00:00
|
|
|
for example, if the collating sequence includes a "ch" collating element,
|
|
|
|
then the RE "\fI[[.ch.]]*c\fP" matches the first five characters
|
|
|
|
of "chchcc".
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.PP
|
2008-06-09 21:03:52 +00:00
|
|
|
Within a bracket expression, a collating element enclosed in "\fI[=\fP" and
|
|
|
|
"\fI=]\fP" is an equivalence class, standing for the sequences of characters
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
of all collating elements equivalent to that one, including itself.
|
|
|
|
(If there are no other equivalent collating elements,
|
2008-06-09 21:12:25 +00:00
|
|
|
the treatment is as if the enclosing delimiters
|
|
|
|
were "\fI[.\fP" and "\fI.]\fP".)
|
pldd.1, bpf.2, execve.2, futex.2, ioctl_fat.2, ioctl_tty.2, keyctl.2, signalfd.2, timerfd_create.2, __ppc_get_timebase.3, a64l.3, frexp.3, pthread_setname_np.3, regex.3, rpmatch.3, scanf.3, strfmon.3, strftime.3, termios.3, console_codes.4, vcs.4, veth.4, core.5, dir_colors.5, termcap.5, ascii.7, charsets.7, glob.7, man-pages.7, operator.7, regex.7, user_namespaces.7, zic.8: Use "\(ha" rather than "^" in code
This renders better in PDF.
Reported-by: Geoff Clare <gwc@opengroup.org>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2020-08-06 20:22:39 +00:00
|
|
|
For example, if o and \o'o\(ha' are the members of an equivalence class,
|
|
|
|
then "\fI[[=o=]]\fP", "\fI[[=\o'o\(ha'=]]\fP",
|
|
|
|
and "\fI[o\o'o\(ha']\fP" are all synonymous.
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
An equivalence class may not\*(dg be an endpoint
|
|
|
|
of a range.
|
|
|
|
.PP
|
|
|
|
Within a bracket expression, the name of a \fIcharacter class\fR enclosed
|
2008-06-09 21:12:25 +00:00
|
|
|
in "\fI[:\fP" and "\fI:]\fP" stands for the list
|
|
|
|
of all characters belonging to that
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
class.
|
|
|
|
Standard character class names are:
|
|
|
|
.PP
|
|
|
|
.RS
|
2013-06-12 10:53:21 +00:00
|
|
|
.TS
|
|
|
|
l l l.
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
alnum digit punct
|
|
|
|
alpha graph space
|
|
|
|
blank lower upper
|
|
|
|
cntrl print xdigit
|
2013-06-12 10:53:21 +00:00
|
|
|
.TE
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.RE
|
|
|
|
.PP
|
|
|
|
These stand for the character classes defined in
|
|
|
|
.BR wctype (3).
|
|
|
|
A locale may provide others.
|
|
|
|
A character class may not be used as an endpoint of a range.
|
2005-05-11 16:06:19 +00:00
|
|
|
.\" As per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=295666
|
|
|
|
.\" The following does not seem to apply in the glibc implementation
|
|
|
|
.\" .PP
|
|
|
|
.\" There are two special cases\*(dg of bracket expressions:
|
2008-06-09 21:12:25 +00:00
|
|
|
.\" the bracket expressions "\fI[[:<:]]\fP" and "\fI[[:>:]]\fP" match
|
|
|
|
.\" the null string at the beginning and end of a word respectively.
|
2005-05-11 16:06:19 +00:00
|
|
|
.\" A word is defined as a sequence of
|
|
|
|
.\" word characters
|
|
|
|
.\" which is neither preceded nor followed by
|
|
|
|
.\" word characters.
|
|
|
|
.\" A word character is an
|
|
|
|
.\" .I alnum
|
|
|
|
.\" character (as defined by
|
|
|
|
.\" .BR wctype (3))
|
|
|
|
.\" or an underscore.
|
|
|
|
.\" This is an extension,
|
2006-08-03 13:58:08 +00:00
|
|
|
.\" compatible with but not specified by POSIX.2,
|
2005-05-11 16:06:19 +00:00
|
|
|
.\" and should be used with
|
|
|
|
.\" caution in software intended to be portable to other systems.
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.PP
|
|
|
|
In the event that an RE could match more than one substring of a given
|
|
|
|
string,
|
|
|
|
the RE matches the one starting earliest in the string.
|
|
|
|
If the RE could match more than one substring starting at that point,
|
|
|
|
it matches the longest.
|
|
|
|
Subexpressions also match the longest possible substrings, subject to
|
|
|
|
the constraint that the whole match be as long as possible,
|
|
|
|
with subexpressions starting earlier in the RE taking priority over
|
|
|
|
ones starting later.
|
|
|
|
Note that higher-level subexpressions thus take priority over
|
|
|
|
their lower-level component subexpressions.
|
|
|
|
.PP
|
|
|
|
Match lengths are measured in characters, not collating elements.
|
|
|
|
A null string is considered longer than no match at all.
|
|
|
|
For example,
|
2008-06-09 21:03:52 +00:00
|
|
|
"\fIbb*\fP" matches the three middle characters of "abbbc",
|
2008-06-09 21:12:25 +00:00
|
|
|
"\fI(wee|week)(knights|nights)\fP"
|
|
|
|
matches all ten characters of "weeknights",
|
2008-06-09 21:03:52 +00:00
|
|
|
when "\fI(.*).*\fP" is matched against "abc" the parenthesized subexpression
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
matches all three characters, and
|
2008-06-09 21:12:25 +00:00
|
|
|
when "\fI(a*)*\fP" is matched against "bc"
|
|
|
|
both the whole RE and the parenthesized
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
subexpression match the null string.
|
|
|
|
.PP
|
|
|
|
If case-independent matching is specified,
|
|
|
|
the effect is much as if all case distinctions had vanished from the
|
|
|
|
alphabet.
|
|
|
|
When an alphabetic that exists in multiple cases appears as an
|
|
|
|
ordinary character outside a bracket expression, it is effectively
|
|
|
|
transformed into a bracket expression containing both cases,
|
2008-06-09 21:03:52 +00:00
|
|
|
for example, \(aqx\(aq becomes "\fI[xX]\fP".
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
When it appears inside a bracket expression, all case counterparts
|
2008-06-09 21:03:52 +00:00
|
|
|
of it are added to the bracket expression, so that, for example, "\fI[x]\fP"
|
pldd.1, bpf.2, execve.2, futex.2, ioctl_fat.2, ioctl_tty.2, keyctl.2, signalfd.2, timerfd_create.2, __ppc_get_timebase.3, a64l.3, frexp.3, pthread_setname_np.3, regex.3, rpmatch.3, scanf.3, strfmon.3, strftime.3, termios.3, console_codes.4, vcs.4, veth.4, core.5, dir_colors.5, termcap.5, ascii.7, charsets.7, glob.7, man-pages.7, operator.7, regex.7, user_namespaces.7, zic.8: Use "\(ha" rather than "^" in code
This renders better in PDF.
Reported-by: Geoff Clare <gwc@opengroup.org>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2020-08-06 20:22:39 +00:00
|
|
|
becomes "\fI[xX]\fP" and "\fI[\(hax]\fP" becomes "\fI[\(haxX]\fP".
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.PP
|
|
|
|
No particular limit is imposed on the length of REs\*(dg.
|
|
|
|
Programs intended to be portable should not employ REs longer
|
|
|
|
than 256 bytes,
|
|
|
|
as an implementation can refuse to accept such REs and remain
|
|
|
|
POSIX-compliant.
|
|
|
|
.PP
|
2007-12-16 14:08:46 +00:00
|
|
|
Obsolete ("basic") regular expressions differ in several respects.
|
2008-06-09 21:12:25 +00:00
|
|
|
\(aq|\(aq, \(aq+\(aq, and \(aq?\(aq are
|
|
|
|
ordinary characters and there is no equivalent
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
for their functionality.
|
time.1, atexit.3, bsearch.3, dlopen.3, envz_add.3, errno.3, fmtmsg.3, getgrent_r.3, getline.3, getmntent.3, getnameinfo.3, getpass.3, getpwent_r.3, gets.3, isalpha.3, printf.3, puts.3, recno.3, scandir.3, stdarg.3, sysconf.3, termios.3, wordexp.3, null.4, core.5, dir_colors.5, issue.5, proc.5, termcap.5, utmp.5, ascii.7, cpuset.7, glob.7, man-pages.7, man.7, mdoc.7, mdoc.samples.7, regex.7: Revert 9f8e673e623d (whose global s%\\e%\\\\% caused problems)
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2012-09-26 21:56:54 +00:00
|
|
|
The delimiters for bounds are "\fI\e{\fP" and "\fI\e}\fP",
|
2008-06-09 21:03:52 +00:00
|
|
|
with \(aq{\(aq and \(aq}\(aq by themselves ordinary characters.
|
time.1, atexit.3, bsearch.3, dlopen.3, envz_add.3, errno.3, fmtmsg.3, getgrent_r.3, getline.3, getmntent.3, getnameinfo.3, getpass.3, getpwent_r.3, gets.3, isalpha.3, printf.3, puts.3, recno.3, scandir.3, stdarg.3, sysconf.3, termios.3, wordexp.3, null.4, core.5, dir_colors.5, issue.5, proc.5, termcap.5, utmp.5, ascii.7, cpuset.7, glob.7, man-pages.7, man.7, mdoc.7, mdoc.samples.7, regex.7: Revert 9f8e673e623d (whose global s%\\e%\\\\% caused problems)
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2012-09-26 21:56:54 +00:00
|
|
|
The parentheses for nested subexpressions are "\fI\e(\fP" and "\fI\e)\fP",
|
2008-06-09 21:03:52 +00:00
|
|
|
with \(aq(\(aq and \(aq)\(aq by themselves ordinary characters.
|
pldd.1, bpf.2, execve.2, futex.2, ioctl_fat.2, ioctl_tty.2, keyctl.2, signalfd.2, timerfd_create.2, __ppc_get_timebase.3, a64l.3, frexp.3, pthread_setname_np.3, regex.3, rpmatch.3, scanf.3, strfmon.3, strftime.3, termios.3, console_codes.4, vcs.4, veth.4, core.5, dir_colors.5, termcap.5, ascii.7, charsets.7, glob.7, man-pages.7, operator.7, regex.7, user_namespaces.7, zic.8: Use "\(ha" rather than "^" in code
This renders better in PDF.
Reported-by: Geoff Clare <gwc@opengroup.org>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2020-08-06 20:22:39 +00:00
|
|
|
\(aq\(ha\(aq is an ordinary character except at the beginning of the
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
RE or\*(dg the beginning of a parenthesized subexpression,
|
2008-06-09 21:03:52 +00:00
|
|
|
\(aq$\(aq is an ordinary character except at the end of the
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
RE or\*(dg the end of a parenthesized subexpression,
|
2008-06-09 21:03:52 +00:00
|
|
|
and \(aq*\(aq is an ordinary character if it appears at the beginning of the
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
RE or the beginning of a parenthesized subexpression
|
pldd.1, bpf.2, execve.2, futex.2, ioctl_fat.2, ioctl_tty.2, keyctl.2, signalfd.2, timerfd_create.2, __ppc_get_timebase.3, a64l.3, frexp.3, pthread_setname_np.3, regex.3, rpmatch.3, scanf.3, strfmon.3, strftime.3, termios.3, console_codes.4, vcs.4, veth.4, core.5, dir_colors.5, termcap.5, ascii.7, charsets.7, glob.7, man-pages.7, operator.7, regex.7, user_namespaces.7, zic.8: Use "\(ha" rather than "^" in code
This renders better in PDF.
Reported-by: Geoff Clare <gwc@opengroup.org>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2020-08-06 20:22:39 +00:00
|
|
|
(after a possible leading \(aq\(ha\(aq).
|
2007-12-01 07:40:35 +00:00
|
|
|
.PP
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
Finally, there is one new type of atom, a \fIback reference\fR:
|
time.1, atexit.3, bsearch.3, dlopen.3, envz_add.3, errno.3, fmtmsg.3, getgrent_r.3, getline.3, getmntent.3, getnameinfo.3, getpass.3, getpwent_r.3, gets.3, isalpha.3, printf.3, puts.3, recno.3, scandir.3, stdarg.3, sysconf.3, termios.3, wordexp.3, null.4, core.5, dir_colors.5, issue.5, proc.5, termcap.5, utmp.5, ascii.7, cpuset.7, glob.7, man-pages.7, man.7, mdoc.7, mdoc.samples.7, regex.7: Revert 9f8e673e623d (whose global s%\\e%\\\\% caused problems)
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2012-09-26 21:56:54 +00:00
|
|
|
\(aq\e\(aq followed by a nonzero decimal digit \fId\fR
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
matches the same sequence of characters
|
|
|
|
matched by the \fId\fRth parenthesized subexpression
|
|
|
|
(numbering subexpressions by the positions of their opening parentheses,
|
|
|
|
left to right),
|
time.1, atexit.3, bsearch.3, dlopen.3, envz_add.3, errno.3, fmtmsg.3, getgrent_r.3, getline.3, getmntent.3, getnameinfo.3, getpass.3, getpwent_r.3, gets.3, isalpha.3, printf.3, puts.3, recno.3, scandir.3, stdarg.3, sysconf.3, termios.3, wordexp.3, null.4, core.5, dir_colors.5, issue.5, proc.5, termcap.5, utmp.5, ascii.7, cpuset.7, glob.7, man-pages.7, man.7, mdoc.7, mdoc.samples.7, regex.7: Revert 9f8e673e623d (whose global s%\\e%\\\\% caused problems)
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2012-09-26 21:56:54 +00:00
|
|
|
so that, for example, "\fI\e([bc]\e)\e1\fP" matches "bb" or "cc" but not "bc".
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.SH BUGS
|
|
|
|
Having two kinds of REs is a botch.
|
|
|
|
.PP
|
2008-06-09 21:03:52 +00:00
|
|
|
The current POSIX.2 spec says that \(aq)\(aq is an ordinary character in
|
|
|
|
the absence of an unmatched \(aq(\(aq;
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
this was an unintentional result of a wording error,
|
|
|
|
and change is likely.
|
|
|
|
Avoid relying on it.
|
|
|
|
.PP
|
|
|
|
Back references are a dreadful botch,
|
|
|
|
posing major problems for efficient implementations.
|
|
|
|
They are also somewhat vaguely defined
|
|
|
|
(does
|
time.1, atexit.3, bsearch.3, dlopen.3, envz_add.3, errno.3, fmtmsg.3, getgrent_r.3, getline.3, getmntent.3, getnameinfo.3, getpass.3, getpwent_r.3, gets.3, isalpha.3, printf.3, puts.3, recno.3, scandir.3, stdarg.3, sysconf.3, termios.3, wordexp.3, null.4, core.5, dir_colors.5, issue.5, proc.5, termcap.5, utmp.5, ascii.7, cpuset.7, glob.7, man-pages.7, man.7, mdoc.7, mdoc.samples.7, regex.7: Revert 9f8e673e623d (whose global s%\\e%\\\\% caused problems)
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2012-09-26 21:56:54 +00:00
|
|
|
"\fIa\e(\e(b\e)*\e2\e)*d\fP" match "abbbd"?).
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
Avoid using them.
|
|
|
|
.PP
|
2006-09-04 09:07:15 +00:00
|
|
|
POSIX.2's specification of case-independent matching is vague.
|
2007-12-16 14:08:46 +00:00
|
|
|
The "one case implies all cases" definition given above
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
is current consensus among implementors as to the right interpretation.
|
2007-12-01 07:40:35 +00:00
|
|
|
.\" As per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=295666
|
|
|
|
.\" The following does not seem to apply in the glibc implementation
|
|
|
|
.\" .PP
|
|
|
|
.\" The syntax for word boundaries is incredibly ugly.
|
2009-01-12 10:17:37 +00:00
|
|
|
.SH AUTHOR
|
|
|
|
.\" Sigh... The page license means we must have the author's name
|
|
|
|
.\" in the formatted output.
|
|
|
|
This page was taken from Henry Spencer's regex package.
|
getent.1, intro.1, time.1, _exit.2, _syscall.2, accept.2, access.2, acct.2, adjtimex.2, alarm.2, alloc_hugepages.2, arch_prctl.2, bdflush.2, bind.2, brk.2, cacheflush.2, capget.2, chdir.2, chmod.2, chown.2, chroot.2, clock_getres.2, clock_nanosleep.2, clone.2, close.2, connect.2, create_module.2, delete_module.2, dup.2, epoll_create.2, epoll_ctl.2, epoll_wait.2, eventfd.2, execve.2, exit_group.2, faccessat.2, fchmodat.2, fchownat.2, fcntl.2, flock.2, fork.2, fstatat.2, fsync.2, futex.2, futimesat.2, get_kernel_syms.2, get_robust_list.2, get_thread_area.2, getcpu.2, getdents.2, getdomainname.2, getgid.2, getgroups.2, gethostname.2, getitimer.2, getpagesize.2, getpeername.2, getpid.2, getpriority.2, getresuid.2, getrlimit.2, getrusage.2, getsid.2, getsockname.2, getsockopt.2, gettid.2, gettimeofday.2, getuid.2, getunwind.2, getxattr.2, idle.2, init_module.2, inotify_add_watch.2, inotify_init.2, inotify_rm_watch.2, intro.2, io_cancel.2, io_destroy.2, io_getevents.2, io_setup.2, io_submit.2, ioctl.2, ioctl_list.2, ioperm.2, iopl.2, ioprio_set.2, ipc.2, kcmp.2, kill.2, killpg.2, link.2, linkat.2, listen.2, listxattr.2, llseek.2, lookup_dcookie.2, lseek.2, madvise.2, migrate_pages.2, mincore.2, mkdir.2, mkdirat.2, mknod.2, mknodat.2, mlock.2, mmap.2, mmap2.2, modify_ldt.2, mount.2, move_pages.2, mprotect.2, mq_getsetattr.2, mremap.2, msgctl.2, msgget.2, msgop.2, msync.2, nanosleep.2, nfsservctl.2, nice.2, open.2, openat.2, outb.2, pause.2, pciconfig_read.2, perf_event_open.2, perfmonctl.2, personality.2, pipe.2, pivot_root.2, poll.2, posix_fadvise.2, prctl.2, pread.2, process_vm_readv.2, ptrace.2, query_module.2, quotactl.2, read.2, readahead.2, readdir.2, readlink.2, readlinkat.2, readv.2, reboot.2, recv.2, remap_file_pages.2, removexattr.2, rename.2, renameat.2, rmdir.2, rt_sigqueueinfo.2, sched_get_priority_max.2, sched_rr_get_interval.2, sched_setaffinity.2, sched_setparam.2, sched_setscheduler.2, sched_yield.2, select.2, semctl.2, semget.2, semop.2, send.2, sendfile.2, set_thread_area.2, set_tid_address.2, seteuid.2, setfsgid.2, setfsuid.2, setgid.2, setpgid.2, setresuid.2, setreuid.2, setsid.2, setuid.2, setup.2, setxattr.2, shmctl.2, shmget.2, shmop.2, shutdown.2, sigaction.2, sigaltstack.2, signal.2, signalfd.2, sigpending.2, sigprocmask.2, sigreturn.2, sigsuspend.2, sigwaitinfo.2, socket.2, socketcall.2, socketpair.2, splice.2, stat.2, statfs.2, stime.2, swapon.2, symlink.2, symlinkat.2, sync.2, sync_file_range.2, sysctl.2, sysfs.2, sysinfo.2, syslog.2, tee.2, time.2, timerfd_create.2, times.2, tkill.2, truncate.2, umask.2, umount.2, uname.2, unimplemented.2, unlink.2, unlinkat.2, uselib.2, ustat.2, utime.2, utimensat.2, vfork.2, vhangup.2, vm86.2, vmsplice.2, wait.2, wait4.2, write.2, CPU_SET.3, INFINITY.3, MB_CUR_MAX.3, MB_LEN_MAX.3, __setfpucw.3, a64l.3, abort.3, abs.3, acos.3, acosh.3, addseverity.3, adjtime.3, aio_cancel.3, aio_error.3, aio_fsync.3, aio_read.3, aio_return.3, aio_suspend.3, aio_write.3, alloca.3, argz_add.3, asin.3, asinh.3, asprintf.3, assert.3, assert_perror.3, atan.3, atan2.3, atanh.3, atexit.3, atof.3, atoi.3, backtrace.3, basename.3, bcmp.3, bcopy.3, bindresvport.3, bsd_signal.3, bsearch.3, bstring.3, btowc.3, btree.3, byteorder.3, bzero.3, cabs.3, cacos.3, cacosh.3, canonicalize_file_name.3, carg.3, casin.3, casinh.3, catan.3, catanh.3, catgets.3, catopen.3, cbrt.3, ccos.3, ccosh.3, ceil.3, cerf.3, cexp.3, cexp2.3, cfree.3, cimag.3, clearenv.3, clock.3, clock_getcpuclockid.3, clog.3, clog10.3, clog2.3, closedir.3, cmsg.3, confstr.3, conj.3, copysign.3, cos.3, cosh.3, cpow.3, cproj.3, creal.3, crypt.3, csin.3, csinh.3, csqrt.3, ctan.3, ctanh.3, ctermid.3, ctime.3, daemon.3, dbopen.3, des_crypt.3, difftime.3, dirfd.3, div.3, dl_iterate_phdr.3, dlopen.3, dprintf.3, drand48.3, drand48_r.3, dysize.3, ecvt.3, ecvt_r.3, encrypt.3, end.3, endian.3, envz_add.3, erf.3, erfc.3, err.3, errno.3, error.3, ether_aton.3, euidaccess.3, exec.3, exit.3, exp.3, exp10.3, exp2.3, expm1.3, fabs.3, fclose.3, fcloseall.3, fdim.3, fenv.3, ferror.3, fexecve.3, fflush.3, ffs.3, fgetgrent.3, fgetpwent.3, fgetwc.3, fgetws.3, finite.3, flockfile.3, floor.3, fma.3, fmax.3, fmemopen.3, fmin.3, fmod.3, fmtmsg.3, fnmatch.3, fopen.3, fpathconf.3, fpclassify.3, fpurge.3, fputwc.3, fputws.3, fread.3, frexp.3, fseek.3, fseeko.3, ftime.3, ftok.3, fts.3, ftw.3, futimes.3, fwide.3, gamma.3, gcvt.3, getaddrinfo.3, getaddrinfo_a.3, getauxval.3, getcontext.3, getcwd.3, getdate.3, getdirentries.3, getdtablesize.3, getenv.3, getfsent.3, getgrent.3, getgrent_r.3, getgrnam.3, getgrouplist.3, gethostbyname.3, gethostid.3, getipnodebyname.3, getline.3, getloadavg.3, getlogin.3, getmntent.3, getnameinfo.3, getnetent.3, getnetent_r.3, getopt.3, getpass.3, getprotoent.3, getprotoent_r.3, getpt.3, getpw.3, getpwent.3, getpwent_r.3, getpwnam.3, getrpcent.3, getrpcent_r.3, getrpcport.3, gets.3, getservent.3, getservent_r.3, getspnam.3, getttyent.3, getumask.3, getusershell.3, getutent.3, getw.3, getwchar.3, glob.3, grantpt.3, gsignal.3, hash.3, hsearch.3, hypot.3, iconv.3, iconv_close.3, iconv_open.3, ilogb.3, index.3, inet.3, inet_ntop.3, inet_pton.3, infnan.3, initgroups.3, insque.3, intro.3, isalpha.3, isatty.3, isgreater.3, iswalnum.3, iswalpha.3, iswblank.3, iswcntrl.3, iswctype.3, iswdigit.3, iswgraph.3, iswlower.3, iswprint.3, iswpunct.3, iswspace.3, iswupper.3, iswxdigit.3, j0.3, key_setsecret.3, ldexp.3, lgamma.3, lio_listio.3, localeconv.3, lockf.3, log.3, log10.3, log1p.3, log2.3, logb.3, login.3, longjmp.3, lrint.3, lround.3, lsearch.3, lseek64.3, makecontext.3, makedev.3, malloc.3, malloc_hook.3, mblen.3, mbrlen.3, mbrtowc.3, mbsinit.3, mbsnrtowcs.3, mbsrtowcs.3, mbstowcs.3, mbtowc.3, memccpy.3, memchr.3, memcmp.3, memcpy.3, memfrob.3, memmem.3, memmove.3, mempcpy.3, memset.3, mkdtemp.3, mkfifo.3, mkfifoat.3, mkstemp.3, mktemp.3, modf.3, mpool.3, mq_close.3, mq_getattr.3, mq_notify.3, mq_open.3, mq_receive.3, mq_send.3, mq_unlink.3, mtrace.3, nan.3, netlink.3, nextafter.3, nl_langinfo.3, offsetof.3, on_exit.3, opendir.3, openpty.3, perror.3, popen.3, posix_fallocate.3, posix_memalign.3, posix_openpt.3, pow.3, pow10.3, printf.3, profil.3, program_invocation_name.3, psignal.3, pthread_kill_other_threads_np.3, ptsname.3, putenv.3, putgrent.3, putpwent.3, puts.3, putwchar.3, qecvt.3, qsort.3, queue.3, raise.3, rand.3, random.3, random_r.3, rcmd.3, re_comp.3, readdir.3, realpath.3, recno.3, regex.3, remainder.3, remove.3, remquo.3, resolver.3, rewinddir.3, rexec.3, rint.3, round.3, rpc.3, rpmatch.3, rtime.3, rtnetlink.3, scalb.3, scalbln.3, scandir.3, scandirat.3, scanf.3, seekdir.3, sem_close.3, sem_destroy.3, sem_getvalue.3, sem_init.3, sem_open.3, sem_post.3, sem_unlink.3, sem_wait.3, setaliasent.3, setbuf.3, setenv.3, setjmp.3, setlocale.3, setlogmask.3, setnetgrent.3, shm_open.3, siginterrupt.3, signbit.3, significand.3, sigpause.3, sigqueue.3, sigset.3, sigsetops.3, sigvec.3, sin.3, sincos.3, sinh.3, sleep.3, sockatmark.3, sqrt.3, statvfs.3, stdarg.3, stdin.3, stdio.3, stdio_ext.3, stpcpy.3, stpncpy.3, strcasecmp.3, strcat.3, strchr.3, strcmp.3, strcoll.3, strcpy.3, strdup.3, strerror.3, strfmon.3, strfry.3, strftime.3, string.3, strlen.3, strnlen.3, strpbrk.3, strptime.3, strsep.3, strsignal.3, strspn.3, strstr.3, strtod.3, strtoimax.3, strtok.3, strtol.3, strtoul.3, strverscmp.3, strxfrm.3, swab.3, sysconf.3, syslog.3, system.3, sysv_signal.3, tan.3, tanh.3, tcgetpgrp.3, tcgetsid.3, telldir.3, tempnam.3, termios.3, tgamma.3, timegm.3, timeradd.3, tmpfile.3, tmpnam.3, toascii.3, toupper.3, towctrans.3, towlower.3, towupper.3, trunc.3, tsearch.3, ttyname.3, ttyslot.3, tzset.3, ualarm.3, ulimit.3, ungetwc.3, unlocked_stdio.3, unlockpt.3, updwtmp.3, usleep.3, wcpcpy.3, wcpncpy.3, wcrtomb.3, wcscasecmp.3, wcscat.3, wcschr.3, wcscmp.3, wcscpy.3, wcscspn.3, wcsdup.3, wcslen.3, wcsncasecmp.3, wcsncat.3, wcsncmp.3, wcsncpy.3, wcsnlen.3, wcsnrtombs.3, wcspbrk.3, wcsrchr.3, wcsrtombs.3, wcsspn.3, wcsstr.3, wcstoimax.3, wcstok.3, wcstombs.3, wcswidth.3, wctob.3, wctomb.3, wctrans.3, wctype.3, wcwidth.3, wmemchr.3, wmemcmp.3, wmemcpy.3, wmemmove.3, wmemset.3, wordexp.3, wprintf.3, xcrypt.3, xdr.3, y0.3, cciss.4, console.4, console_codes.4, console_ioctl.4, dsp56k.4, fd.4, full.4, hd.4, hpsa.4, initrd.4, intro.4, lp.4, mem.4, mouse.4, null.4, pts.4, ram.4, random.4, rtc.4, sk98lin.4, st.4, tty.4, ttyS.4, tty_ioctl.4, vcs.4, wavelan.4, acct.5, charmap.5, dir_colors.5, filesystems.5, ftpusers.5, group.5, host.conf.5, hosts.5, hosts.equiv.5, intro.5, issue.5, locale.5, motd.5, networks.5, nologin.5, nscd.conf.5, passwd.5, proc.5, protocols.5, resolv.conf.5, rpc.5, securetty.5, services.5, shells.5, termcap.5, ttytype.5, utmp.5, armscii-8.7, arp.7, ascii.7, bootparam.7, capabilities.7, charsets.7, complex.7, cp1251.7, credentials.7, ddp.7, environ.7, epoll.7, fifo.7, futex.7, glob.7, hier.7, icmp.7, inotify.7, intro.7, ip.7, ipv6.7, iso_8859-1.7, iso_8859-10.7, iso_8859-11.7, iso_8859-13.7, iso_8859-14.7, iso_8859-15.7, iso_8859-16.7, iso_8859-2.7, iso_8859-3.7, iso_8859-4.7, iso_8859-5.7, iso_8859-6.7, iso_8859-7.7, iso_8859-8.7, iso_8859-9.7, koi8-r.7, koi8-u.7, locale.7, mailaddr.7, man.7, mq_overview.7, netdevice.7, netlink.7, numa.7, packet.7, path_resolution.7, pipe.7, posixoptions.7, pthreads.7, pty.7, raw.7, regex.7, rtld-audit.7, rtnetlink.7, sem_overview.7, shm_overview.7, sigevent.7, signal.7, socket.7, standards.7, suffixes.7, svipc.7, tcp.7, termio.7, time.7, udp.7, udplite.7, unicode.7, unix.7, uri.7, utf-8.7, x25.7, nscd.8, sync.8, tzselect.8, zdump.8, zic.8: Global fix: remove unneeded double quotes in .SH headings
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2013-02-24 18:01:36 +00:00
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.SH SEE ALSO
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2008-03-03 10:24:38 +00:00
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.BR grep (1),
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2007-05-16 18:25:50 +00:00
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.BR regex (3)
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.PP
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POSIX.2, section 2.8 (Regular Expression Notation).
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