2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.\" This page is in the public domain.
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.\" Almost all details are from RFC 2553.
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.\"
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2004-12-15 16:10:55 +00:00
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.\" 2004-12-14, mtk, Added EAI_OVERFLOW error
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.\" 2004-12-14 Fixed description of error return
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.\"
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capget.2, futex.2, sched_setscheduler.2, spu_create.2, spu_run.2, vfork.2, getnameinfo.3, netlink.3, cciss.4, console_codes.4, dsp56k.4, hpsa.4, sk98lin.4, filesystems.5, protocols.5, aio.7, capabilities.7, charsets.7, feature_test_macros.7, futex.7, hier.7, iso_8859-16.7, iso_8859-2.7, koi8-r.7, libc.7, man.7, netlink.7, numa.7, standards.7, unicode.7, units.7, uri.7, x25.7: Global fix: use UR macro where applicable
The syntax .UR http://example.com paired with .UE will create
links which one can interact, if the pager allows that. One
way to see the effect is ask the man(1) command to use browser
display, e.g.:
man -H man7/uri.7
("\:" is optional groff syntax to permit hyphenless line breaks.)
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2012-08-13 08:02:36 +00:00
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.TH GETNAMEINFO 3 2012-08-05 "GNU" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.SH NAME
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getnameinfo \- address-to-name translation in protocol-independent manner
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.SH SYNOPSIS
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.nf
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.B #include <sys/socket.h>
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.B #include <netdb.h>
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.sp
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.BI "int getnameinfo(const struct sockaddr *" "sa" ", socklen_t " "salen" ,
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.BI " char *" "host" ", size_t " "hostlen" ,
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.BI " char *" "serv" ", size_t " "servlen" ", int " "flags" );
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.fi
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2008-08-29 15:50:13 +00:00
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.sp
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.in -4n
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Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see
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.BR feature_test_macros (7)):
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.ad l
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.in
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.sp
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.BR getnameinfo ():
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_POSIX_C_SOURCE\ >=\ 1 || _XOPEN_SOURCE || _POSIX_SOURCE
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.ad b
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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The
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2007-11-24 10:10:39 +00:00
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.BR getnameinfo ()
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2008-06-12 05:16:43 +00:00
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function is the inverse of
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.BR getaddrinfo (3):
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it converts a socket address to a corresponding host and service,
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in a protocol-independent manner.
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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It combines the functionality of
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.BR gethostbyaddr (3)
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and
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2008-06-12 05:16:43 +00:00
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.BR getservbyport (3),
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but unlike those functions,
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.BR getaddrinfo (3)
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is reentrant and allows programs to eliminate
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IPv4-versus-IPv6 dependencies.
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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The
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.I sa
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argument is a pointer to a generic socket address structure
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(of type
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.I sockaddr_in
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or
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.IR sockaddr_in6 )
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of size
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2007-09-20 16:26:31 +00:00
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.I salen
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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that holds the input IP address and port number.
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The arguments
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.I host
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and
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.I serv
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2008-06-12 05:16:43 +00:00
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are pointers to caller-allocated buffers (of size
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.I hostlen
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and
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.I servlen
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2008-06-12 05:16:43 +00:00
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respectively) into which
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.BR getnameinfo ()
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places null-terminated strings containing the host and
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service names respectively.
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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The caller can specify that no hostname (or no service name)
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is required by providing a NULL
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.I host
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(or
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.IR serv )
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argument or a zero
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.I hostlen
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(or
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.IR servlen )
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2008-06-12 05:16:43 +00:00
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argument.
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2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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However, at least one of hostname or service name
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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must be requested.
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The
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.I flags
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2007-06-08 09:56:56 +00:00
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argument modifies the behavior of
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2007-11-24 10:10:39 +00:00
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.BR getnameinfo ()
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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as follows:
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.TP
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2008-06-12 05:16:43 +00:00
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.B NI_NAMEREQD
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If set, then an error is returned if the hostname cannot be determined.
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.TP
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.B NI_DGRAM
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If set, then the service is datagram (UDP) based rather than
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stream (TCP) based.
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This is required for the few ports (512-514)
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that have different services for UDP and TCP.
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.TP
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.B NI_NOFQDN
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2008-06-12 05:16:43 +00:00
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If set, return only the hostname part of the fully qualified domain name
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for local hosts.
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.TP
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.B NI_NUMERICHOST
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If set, then the numeric form of the hostname is returned.
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.\" For example, by calling
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2007-12-21 12:05:03 +00:00
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.\" .BR inet_ntop ()
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.\" instead of
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2007-12-21 12:05:03 +00:00
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.\" .BR gethostbyaddr ().
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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(When not set, this will still happen in case the node's name
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2008-06-12 05:16:43 +00:00
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cannot be determined.)
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.\" POSIX.1-2003 has NI_NUMERICSCOPE, but glibc doesn't have it.
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.TP
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.B NI_NUMERICSERV
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2008-06-12 05:16:43 +00:00
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If set, then the numeric form of the service address is returned.
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(When not set, this will still happen in case the service's name
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cannot be determined.)
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2006-11-25 05:35:02 +00:00
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.SS "Extensions to getaddrinfo() for Internationalized Domain Names"
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.PP
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Starting with glibc 2.3.4,
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2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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.BR getnameinfo ()
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2006-11-25 05:35:02 +00:00
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has been extended to selectively allow
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2008-06-27 03:37:56 +00:00
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hostnames to be transparently converted to and from the
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2006-11-25 05:35:02 +00:00
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Internationalized Domain Name (IDN) format (see RFC 3490,
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.IR "Internationalizing Domain Names in Applications (IDNA)" ).
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Three new flags are defined:
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.TP
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.B NI_IDN
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|
If this flag is used, then the name found in the lookup process is
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2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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converted from IDN format to the locale's encoding if necessary.
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2006-11-25 05:35:02 +00:00
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ASCII-only names are not affected by the conversion, which
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makes this flag usable in existing programs and environments.
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.TP
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.BR NI_IDN_ALLOW_UNASSIGNED ", " NI_IDN_USE_STD3_ASCII_RULES
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2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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Setting these flags will enable the
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2006-11-25 05:35:02 +00:00
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IDNA_ALLOW_UNASSIGNED (allow unassigned Unicode code points) and
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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IDNA_USE_STD3_ASCII_RULES (check output to make sure it is a STD3
|
2008-06-27 03:37:56 +00:00
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|
conforming hostname)
|
2006-11-25 05:35:02 +00:00
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flags respectively to be used in the IDNA handling.
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.SH "RETURN VALUE"
|
2006-11-25 05:37:22 +00:00
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.\" FIXME glibc defines the following additional errors, some which
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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.\" can probably be returned by getnameinfo(); they need to
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2006-11-25 05:37:22 +00:00
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.\" be documented.
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2007-12-09 07:50:38 +00:00
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.\" #ifdef __USE_GNU
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.\" #define EAI_INPROGRESS -100 /* Processing request in progress. */
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.\" #define EAI_CANCELED -101 /* Request canceled. */
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.\" #define EAI_NOTCANCELED -102 /* Request not canceled. */
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.\" #define EAI_ALLDONE -103 /* All requests done. */
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.\" #define EAI_INTR -104 /* Interrupted by a signal. */
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.\" #define EAI_IDN_ENCODE -105 /* IDN encoding failed. */
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.\" #endif
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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On success 0 is returned, and node and service names, if requested,
|
2006-01-13 02:09:44 +00:00
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|
are filled with null-terminated strings, possibly truncated to fit
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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the specified buffer lengths.
|
intro.1, time.1, adjtimex.2, capget.2, eventfd.2, fcntl.2, getrlimit.2, getsockopt.2, gettimeofday.2, intro.2, ioctl_list.2, ioperm.2, mlock.2, pivot_root.2, poll.2, prctl.2, ptrace.2, sched_setscheduler.2, select_tut.2, semget.2, sigaltstack.2, signalfd.2, sysctl.2, timer_settime.2, timerfd_create.2, wait.2, CPU_SET.3, argz_add.3, assert_perror.3, atexit.3, backtrace.3, bcmp.3, clearenv.3, ctime.3, dl_iterate_phdr.3, dlopen.3, ecvt.3, errno.3, error.3, ether_aton.3, exit.3, fenv.3, ferror.3, finite.3, flockfile.3, fnmatch.3, fpathconf.3, fpclassify.3, ftime.3, ftok.3, ftw.3, fwide.3, getaddrinfo.3, gethostbyname.3, getlogin.3, getnameinfo.3, getnetent.3, getopt.3, getprotoent.3, getrpcent.3, getservent.3, glob.3, hsearch.3, inet.3, isalpha.3, iswalnum.3, iswalpha.3, iswblank.3, iswcntrl.3, iswctype.3, iswdigit.3, iswgraph.3, iswlower.3, iswprint.3, iswpunct.3, iswspace.3, iswupper.3, iswxdigit.3, longjmp.3, lsearch.3, malloc.3, matherr.3, mblen.3, mbsinit.3, mbtowc.3, on_exit.3, printf.3, pthread_attr_init.3, pthread_attr_setaffinity_np.3, pthread_attr_setdetachstate.3, pthread_attr_setguardsize.3, pthread_attr_setinheritsched.3, pthread_attr_setschedparam.3, pthread_attr_setschedpolicy.3, pthread_attr_setscope.3, pthread_attr_setstack.3, pthread_attr_setstackaddr.3, pthread_attr_setstacksize.3, pthread_cancel.3, pthread_cleanup_push.3, pthread_equal.3, pthread_getattr_np.3, pthread_getcpuclockid.3, pthread_setaffinity_np.3, pthread_setcancelstate.3, pthread_setconcurrency.3, pthread_setschedparam.3, pthread_setschedprio.3, ptsname.3, putenv.3, putgrent.3, raise.3, rcmd.3, regex.3, rexec.3, rpc.3, rpmatch.3, rtnetlink.3, scandir.3, sem_init.3, setaliasent.3, setbuf.3, setenv.3, setjmp.3, signbit.3, stdio_ext.3, strtod.3, strtol.3, strtoul.3, system.3, termios.3, timeradd.3, tzset.3, ualarm.3, wctomb.3, xdr.3, st.4, tty_ioctl.4, core.5, elf.5, proc.5, bootparam.7, capabilities.7, icmp.7, ip.7, ipv6.7, math_error.7, mdoc.samples.7, mq_overview.7, pthreads.7, raw.7, regex.7, socket.7, tcp.7, tzselect.8: Global fix: s/non-zero/nonzero/
The tendency in English, as prescribed in style guides like
Chicago MoS, is towards removing hyphens after prefixes
like "non-" etc.
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2010-01-16 16:40:55 +00:00
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On error one of the following nonzero error codes is returned:
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.TP
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.B EAI_AGAIN
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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The name could not be resolved at this time.
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|
Try again later.
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.TP
|
|
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.B EAI_BADFLAGS
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|
The
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.I flags
|
2008-06-12 05:16:43 +00:00
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argument has an invalid value.
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.TP
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.B EAI_FAIL
|
2010-01-16 17:01:12 +00:00
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A nonrecoverable error occurred.
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.TP
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.B EAI_FAMILY
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The address family was not recognized,
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or the address length was invalid for the specified family.
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.TP
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.B EAI_MEMORY
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Out of memory.
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.TP
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.B EAI_NONAME
|
2008-06-12 05:16:43 +00:00
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The name does not resolve for the supplied arguments.
|
2007-06-22 19:42:52 +00:00
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.B NI_NAMEREQD
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is set and the host's name cannot be located,
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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or neither hostname nor service name were requested.
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.TP
|
2004-12-15 16:10:55 +00:00
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.B EAI_OVERFLOW
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|
The buffer pointed to by
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.I host
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or
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.I serv
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was too small.
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.TP
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
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|
.B EAI_SYSTEM
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
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|
A system error occurred.
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|
The error code can be found in
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.IR errno .
|
2005-12-06 15:13:12 +00:00
|
|
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.PP
|
2005-07-04 07:39:01 +00:00
|
|
|
The
|
|
|
|
.BR gai_strerror (3)
|
|
|
|
function translates these error codes to a human readable string,
|
|
|
|
suitable for error reporting.
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.SH FILES
|
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|
/etc/hosts
|
|
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.br
|
|
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/etc/nsswitch.conf
|
|
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.br
|
|
|
|
/etc/resolv.conf
|
2008-06-11 13:43:34 +00:00
|
|
|
.SH VERSIONS
|
|
|
|
.BR getnameinfo ()
|
|
|
|
is provided in glibc since version 2.1.
|
2007-05-19 04:30:20 +00:00
|
|
|
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
|
|
|
|
RFC\ 2553, POSIX.1-2001.
|
2007-05-16 02:54:18 +00:00
|
|
|
.SH NOTES
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
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In order to assist the programmer in choosing reasonable sizes
|
|
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|
for the supplied buffers,
|
|
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|
.I <netdb.h>
|
|
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|
defines the constants
|
2007-12-19 06:57:44 +00:00
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|
.in +4n
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.nf
|
2007-05-28 10:45:57 +00:00
|
|
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|
2007-12-09 07:50:38 +00:00
|
|
|
#define NI_MAXHOST 1025
|
|
|
|
#define NI_MAXSERV 32
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
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.fi
|
2007-05-28 10:45:57 +00:00
|
|
|
.in
|
2009-12-03 12:57:42 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2009-12-03 11:23:22 +00:00
|
|
|
Since glibc 2.8,
|
|
|
|
these definitions are exposed only if one of the feature test macros
|
|
|
|
.BR _BSD_SOURCE ,
|
|
|
|
.BR _SVID_SOURCE ,
|
|
|
|
or
|
|
|
|
.BR _GNU_SOURCE
|
|
|
|
is defined.
|
2007-05-28 10:45:57 +00:00
|
|
|
.PP
|
2007-06-22 19:42:52 +00:00
|
|
|
The former is the constant
|
|
|
|
.B MAXDNAME
|
|
|
|
in recent versions of BIND's
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.I <arpa/nameser.h>
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
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header file.
|
|
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|
The latter is a guess based on the services listed
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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|
|
in the current Assigned Numbers RFC.
|
2006-05-22 19:44:47 +00:00
|
|
|
.SH EXAMPLE
|
2007-05-28 10:45:57 +00:00
|
|
|
The following code tries to get the numeric hostname and service name,
|
|
|
|
for a given socket address.
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
Note that there is no hardcoded reference to
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
a particular address family.
|
|
|
|
|
2007-12-19 06:57:44 +00:00
|
|
|
.in +4n
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.nf
|
2007-05-28 10:45:57 +00:00
|
|
|
struct sockaddr *sa; /* input */
|
2009-02-23 01:51:28 +00:00
|
|
|
socklen_t len; /* input */
|
2007-05-28 10:45:57 +00:00
|
|
|
char hbuf[NI_MAXHOST], sbuf[NI_MAXSERV];
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2008-06-13 09:54:52 +00:00
|
|
|
if (getnameinfo(sa, len, hbuf, sizeof(hbuf), sbuf,
|
2007-05-28 10:45:57 +00:00
|
|
|
sizeof(sbuf), NI_NUMERICHOST | NI_NUMERICSERV) == 0)
|
|
|
|
printf("host=%s, serv=%s\en", hbuf, sbuf);
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.fi
|
2007-05-28 10:45:57 +00:00
|
|
|
.in
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The following version checks if the socket address has a
|
|
|
|
reverse address mapping.
|
|
|
|
|
2007-12-19 06:57:44 +00:00
|
|
|
.in +4n
|
2007-05-28 10:45:57 +00:00
|
|
|
.nf
|
|
|
|
struct sockaddr *sa; /* input */
|
2009-02-23 01:51:28 +00:00
|
|
|
socklen_t len; /* input */
|
2007-05-28 10:45:57 +00:00
|
|
|
char hbuf[NI_MAXHOST];
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2008-06-13 09:54:52 +00:00
|
|
|
if (getnameinfo(sa, len, hbuf, sizeof(hbuf),
|
2007-05-28 10:45:57 +00:00
|
|
|
NULL, 0, NI_NAMEREQD))
|
|
|
|
printf("could not resolve hostname");
|
|
|
|
else
|
|
|
|
printf("host=%s\en", hbuf);
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.fi
|
2007-05-28 10:45:57 +00:00
|
|
|
.in
|
2007-05-28 10:29:27 +00:00
|
|
|
.PP
|
2007-05-28 10:45:57 +00:00
|
|
|
An example program using
|
2007-05-28 10:29:27 +00:00
|
|
|
.BR getnameinfo ()
|
|
|
|
can be found in
|
|
|
|
.BR getaddrinfo (3).
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.SH "SEE ALSO"
|
2008-06-12 05:16:43 +00:00
|
|
|
.BR accept (2),
|
|
|
|
.BR getpeername (2),
|
|
|
|
.BR getsockname (2),
|
|
|
|
.BR recvfrom (2),
|
2007-06-01 06:29:34 +00:00
|
|
|
.BR socket (2),
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.BR getaddrinfo (3),
|
|
|
|
.BR gethostbyaddr (3),
|
|
|
|
.BR getservbyname (3),
|
|
|
|
.BR getservbyport (3),
|
|
|
|
.BR inet_ntop (3),
|
|
|
|
.BR hosts (5),
|
|
|
|
.BR services (5),
|
|
|
|
.BR hostname (7),
|
|
|
|
.BR named (8)
|
|
|
|
.LP
|
|
|
|
R. Gilligan, S. Thomson, J. Bound and W. Stevens,
|
|
|
|
.IR "Basic Socket Interface Extensions for IPv6" ,
|
2005-07-20 07:50:45 +00:00
|
|
|
RFC\ 2553, March 1999.
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.LP
|
|
|
|
Tatsuya Jinmei and Atsushi Onoe,
|
|
|
|
.IR "An Extension of Format for IPv6 Scoped Addresses" ,
|
|
|
|
internet draft, work in progress.
|
capget.2, futex.2, sched_setscheduler.2, spu_create.2, spu_run.2, vfork.2, getnameinfo.3, netlink.3, cciss.4, console_codes.4, dsp56k.4, hpsa.4, sk98lin.4, filesystems.5, protocols.5, aio.7, capabilities.7, charsets.7, feature_test_macros.7, futex.7, hier.7, iso_8859-16.7, iso_8859-2.7, koi8-r.7, libc.7, man.7, netlink.7, numa.7, standards.7, unicode.7, units.7, uri.7, x25.7: Global fix: use UR macro where applicable
The syntax .UR http://example.com paired with .UE will create
links which one can interact, if the pager allows that. One
way to see the effect is ask the man(1) command to use browser
display, e.g.:
man -H man7/uri.7
("\:" is optional groff syntax to permit hyphenless line breaks.)
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2012-08-13 08:02:36 +00:00
|
|
|
.UR ftp://ftp.ietf.org\:/internet\-drafts\:/draft\-ietf\-ipngwg\-scopedaddr\-format\-02.txt
|
|
|
|
.UE
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.LP
|
|
|
|
Craig Metz,
|
|
|
|
.IR "Protocol Independence Using the Sockets API" ,
|
|
|
|
Proceedings of the freenix track:
|
|
|
|
2000 USENIX annual technical conference, June 2000.
|
2012-05-06 21:28:51 +00:00
|
|
|
.ad l
|
capget.2, futex.2, sched_setscheduler.2, spu_create.2, spu_run.2, vfork.2, getnameinfo.3, netlink.3, cciss.4, console_codes.4, dsp56k.4, hpsa.4, sk98lin.4, filesystems.5, protocols.5, aio.7, capabilities.7, charsets.7, feature_test_macros.7, futex.7, hier.7, iso_8859-16.7, iso_8859-2.7, koi8-r.7, libc.7, man.7, netlink.7, numa.7, standards.7, unicode.7, units.7, uri.7, x25.7: Global fix: use UR macro where applicable
The syntax .UR http://example.com paired with .UE will create
links which one can interact, if the pager allows that. One
way to see the effect is ask the man(1) command to use browser
display, e.g.:
man -H man7/uri.7
("\:" is optional groff syntax to permit hyphenless line breaks.)
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2012-08-13 08:02:36 +00:00
|
|
|
.UR http://www.usenix.org\:/publications\:/library\:/proceedings\:/usenix2000\:/freenix\:/metzprotocol.html
|
|
|
|
.UE
|