EXAMPLES appears to be the wider majority usage across various
projects' manual pages, and is also what is used in the POSIX
manual pages.
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Christian noted that SA_NOCLDWAIT also matters in this scenario.
Reported-by: Christian Brauner <christian.brauner@ubuntu.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
After review comments from Christian and Daniel.
Reported-by: Christian Brauner <christian.brauner@ubuntu.com>
Reported-by: Daniel Colascione <dancol@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Thus, pidfd_open() is the preferred way of obtaining a PID
file descriptor.
Notes from a conversation with Christian Brauner:
[[
> A further question... We now have three ways of getting a
> process file descriptor [*]:
>
> open() of /proc/PID
> pidfd_open()
> clone()/clone3() with CLONE_PIDFD
>
> I thought the FD was supposed to be equivalent in all three cases.
> However, if I try (on kernel 5.3) poll() an FD returned by opening
> /proc/PID, poll() tells me POLLNVAL for the FD. Is that difference
> intentional? (I am guessing it is not.)
It's intentional.
The short answer is that /proc/<pid> is a convenience for sending
signals.
The longer answer is that this stems from a heavy debate about what a
process file descriptor was supposed to be and some people pushing for
at least being able to use /proc/<pid> dirfds while ignoring security
problems as soon as you're talking about returning those fds from
clone(); not to mention the additional problems discovered when trying
to implementing this.
A "real" pidfd is one from CLONE_PIDFD or pidfd_open() and all features
such as exit notification, read, and other future extensions will only
be implemented on top of them.
As much as we'd have liked to get rid of two different file descriptor
types it doesn't hurt us much and is not that much different from what
we will e.g. see with fsinfo() in the new mount api which needs to work
on regular fds gotten via open()/openat() and mountfds gotten from
fsopen() and fspick(). The mountfds will also allow for advanced
operations that the other ones will not. There's even an argument to be
made that fds you will get from open()/openat() and openat2() are
different types since they have very different behavior; openat2()
returning fds that are non arbitrarily upgradable etc.
]]
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Notes from a conversation on linux-man@ with Christian Brauner:
[[
> [*} By the way, going forward, can we call these things
> "process FDs", rather than "PID FDs"? The API names are what
> they are, an that's okay, but these just as we have socket
> FDs that refer to sockets, directory FDs that refer to
> directories, and timer FDs that refer to timers, and so on,
> these are FDs that refer to *processes*, not "process IDs".
> It's a little thing, but I think the naming better, and
> it's what I propose to use in the manual pages.
The naming was another debate and we ended with this compromise.
I would just clarify that a pidfd is a process file descriptor. I
wouldn't make too much of a deal of hiding the shortcut "pidfd".
People are already using it out there in the wild and it's never
proven a good idea to go against accepted practice.
]]
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Michael Kerrisk