The environ(7) man page says:
SHELL The pathname of the user's login shell.
PAGER The user's preferred utility to display text files.
EDITOR/VISUAL
The user's preferred utility to edit text files.
but doesn't say whether the pathnames must be absolute or they can
be resolved using $PATH, or whether they can have options.
Note that at least for SHELL, this is not specified by POSIX.
This issue was raised in the Austin Group mailing-list, and the
answer is that "what constitutes a valid value for a platform
should be documented" [1].
Since OpenSSH assumes that $SHELL is an absolute pathname (when
set), it is supposed that the documentation should be:
SHELL The absolute pathname of the user's login shell.
For PAGER, POSIX says: "Any string acceptable as a command_string
operand to the sh -c command shall be valid."
For EDITOR, it does not need to be an absolute pathname since
POSIX gives the example:
EDITOR=vi fc
and since it is specified as "the name of a utility", It assumes
that arguments (options) must not be provided. Page 3013 about
"more", it is said: "If the last pathname component in EDITOR is
either vi or ex, [...]", thus again, it is assumed to be a
pathname.
For VISUAL, POSIX says: "Determine a pathname of a utility to
invoke when the visual command [...]", thus it is also a pathname.
It is not clear whether the pathname must be absolute, but for
consistency with EDITOR, it will be resolved using $PATH.
[1] https://www.mail-archive.com/austin-group-l@opengroup.org/msg01399.html
Reported-by: Vincent Lefevre <vincent@vinc17.net>
Signed-off-by: Bastien Roucaries <rouca@debian.org>
Signed-off-by: Alejandro Colomar <alx.manpages@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
When I inherited man-pages in 2004, it was a hodge-podge mix of
American vs British spelling. My native spelling is the latter,
but I value consistency and felt that things needed to be
standardized on one or other, and in computing, American is the
norm so that is what I settled on.
Among the changes was the substitution of various instances
of "acknowledgement" for "acknowledgment". The latter spelling is
not one I care for, but I believed it to be the American norm.
Alex Colomar proposed a patch to change the spelling back
to "acknowledgement", and some discussion and investigation
ensued, whereby I learned the following:
* The situation is not clear cut.
* Historically, "acknowledgment" was the norm in British English,
but was eclipsed by "acknowledgement" some decades ago.
* Even in American English, "acknowledgment" is not universal,
and "acknowledgement" has become more common in recent decades
(although it still remains minority usage) [2].
* The BSD license uses "acknowledgement" even though it was
(presumably) written in California.
* The POSIX standard uses "acknowledgement".
* The Debian BTS uses "acknowledgement".
* Looking at a corpus of manual pages from various systems
that I have assembled over the years, "acknowledgement" seems
a little more common than "acknowledgment".
Summary: the situation is not clear cut, but let's follow BSD,
POSIX, and the personal preference of the man-pages maintainers.
[1] https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=acknowledgment%2Cacknowledgement&year_start=1800&year_end=2019&corpus=29&smoothing=3#
[2] https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=acknowledgment%2Cacknowledgement&year_start=1800&year_end=2000&corpus=5&smoothing=3&
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
NETLINK_CAP_ACK option was introduced in commit 0a6a3a23ea6e which first
appeared in Linux version 4.3 and not 4.2.
Signed-off-by: Pali Rohár <pali@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Alejandro Colomar <alx.manpages@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
rtnetlink is not only used for IPv4
Signed-off-by: Pali Rohár <pali@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Alejandro Colomar <alx.manpages@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
.PP are redundant just after .SH or .SS.
Remove them.
$ find man? -type f \
|xargs sed -i '/^\.S[HS]/{n;/\.PP/d}';
Plus a couple manual edits.
Signed-off-by: Alejandro Colomar <alx.manpages@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
.PP and .IP are redundant just before .SH or .SS.
Remove them.
$ find man? -type f \
|xargs sed -i '/^\.[IP]P$/{N;s/.*\n\(\.S[HS]\)/\1/}';
Signed-off-by: Alejandro Colomar <alx.manpages@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
The majority of pages use .nf/.fi in SYNOPSIS, but there are
still many that don't and use .br to achieve newlines. Fix many
of those. This brings greater consistency to the pages, which
eases editing and may ease future scripted edits to the pages.
Many of these changes were script-assisted, with some additional
manual edits.
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Yet more clean-ups after commit
15d6565317.
Reported-by: Alejandro Colomar (man-pages) <alx.manpages@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Rationale:
$ man 7 man-pages 2>/dev/null | sed -n /Paragraphs/,/^$/p
Paragraphs should be separated by suitable markers (usually
either .PP or .IP). Do not separate paragraphs using blank
lines, as this results in poor rendering in some output
formats (such as PostScript and PDF).
Fix:
$ sed -i -e '1,/^\.EX/s/^$/.PP/' -e '/^\.EE/,/^\.EX/s/^$/.PP/' man?/*
And then some manual adjustments.
Signed-off-by: Alejandro Colomar <alx.manpages@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Files moved from .txt to .rst.
Also, drop / prefix from kernel source tree references.
Signed-off-by: Baruch Siach <baruch@tkos.co.il>
Signed-off-by: Alejandro Colomar <alx.manpages@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Since Linux kernel 3.12, tcp_syncookies can have the value 2,
which sends out cookies unconditionally.
Related kernel commits:
5ad37d5deee1ff7150a2d0602370101de158ad86
d8513df2598e5142f8a5c4724f28411936e1dfc7
Reported-by: Philip Rowlands <linux-kernel@dimebar.com>
Signed-off-by: Alejandro Colomar <alx.manpages@gmail.com>
Cc: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
Cc: Hannes Frederic Sowa <hannes@stressinduktion.org>
Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Rather than mention these pages under the discussion of one
version of the standard, move that text to the end of the page,
where it is probably a little more obvious.
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Linking up the info presented on this page with the discussion
in getcontext(3) helps the reader.
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
[.B XX_*] is the most extended form in the pages.
Signed-off-by: Alejandro Colomar <colomar.6.4.3@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
It is probably more sensible to place this section after
the subsection "Signal mask and pending signals".
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Add a "big picture" of what happens when a signal handler
is invoked.
Reported-by: Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Format section names inside each type.
Follow the same pattern as in stat.2 (see line 158: ".IR Note :")
Before this ffix, it was visually harder to find sections inside a type.
Signed-off-by: Alejandro Colomar <colomar.6.4.3@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
CAP_BPF, CAP_PERFMON, and CAP_CHECKPOINT_RESTORE have all been
added to split out the power of CAP_SYS_ADMIN into weaker pieces.
Group all of these capabilities together in the list under
CAP_SYS_ADMIN, to make it clear that there is a pattern to these
capabilities.
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Since Linux 5.9, CONFIG_CHECKPOINT_RESTORE also allows writing to
/proc/sys/kernel/ns_last_pid.
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
makedev(3) provides much more detail on this type, so mention it
in the description rather than in 'See also'.
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
After forking slist.3, list.3, tailq.3, stailq.3 & circleq.3
in the previous commits,
this page no longer belongs in Section 3 of the manual pages.
According to its contents, the most suitable section is Section 7.
Because of legacy reasons, a link queue.3 -> queue(7)
would be appropriate.
Signed-off-by: Alejandro Colomar <colomar.6.4.3@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Bastien Roucariès