mirror of https://github.com/mkerrisk/man-pages
Various pages: srcfix: Remove redundant .PP
.PP are redundant just after .SH or .SS. Remove them. $ find man? -type f \ |xargs sed -i '/^\.S[HS]/{n;/\.PP/d}'; Plus a couple manual edits. Signed-off-by: Alejandro Colomar <alx.manpages@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
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@ -256,13 +256,13 @@ macro.
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.\" .BR STAILQ_REMOVE (),
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.\" this macro does not traverse the entire tail queue.
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.SS Other features
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.PP
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.BR STAILQ_CONCAT ()
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concatenates the tail queue headed by
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.I head2
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onto the end of the one headed by
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.I head1
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removing all entries from the former.
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.\" .PP
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.\" .BR STAILQ_SWAP ()
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.\" swaps the contents of
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.\" .I head1
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@ -306,12 +306,12 @@ removes the element
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.I elm
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from the queue.
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.SS Other features
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.\" .PP
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.\" .BR TAILQ_SWAP ()
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.\" swaps the contents of
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.\" .I head1
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.\" and
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.\" .IR head2 .
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.\" .PP
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.BR TAILQ_CONCAT ()
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concatenates the queue headed by
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.I head2
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@ -25,7 +25,6 @@
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.SH NAME
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lirc \- lirc devices
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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.PP
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The
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.I /dev/lirc*
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character devices provide a low-level
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@ -65,7 +64,6 @@ receiving and sending is supported, and in which modes, amongst other
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features.
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.\"
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.SS Reading input with the LIRC_MODE_MODE2 mode
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.PP
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In the \fBLIRC_MODE_MODE2 mode\fR, the data returned by
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.BR read (2)
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provides 32-bit values representing a space or a pulse duration.
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@ -90,7 +88,6 @@ The package reflects a timeout; see the
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ioctl.
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.\"
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.SS Reading input with the LIRC_MODE_SCANCODE mode
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.PP
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In the \fBLIRC_MODE_SCANCODE\fR
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mode, the data returned by
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.BR read (2)
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@ -100,7 +97,6 @@ is stored in \fIrc_proto\fR.
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This field has one the values of the \fIenum rc_proto\fR.
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.\"
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.SS Writing output with the LIRC_MODE_PULSE mode
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.PP
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The data written to the character device using
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.BR write (2)
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is a pulse/space sequence of integer values.
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@ -116,7 +112,6 @@ If more data is provided than the hardware can send, the
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call fails with the error
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.BR EINVAL .
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.SS Writing output with the LIRC_MODE_SCANCODE mode
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.PP
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The data written to the character devices must be a single struct
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\fIlirc_scancode\fR.
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The \fIscancode\fR and \fIrc_proto\fR fields must
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@ -127,7 +122,6 @@ The protocol or scancode is invalid, or the
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.B lirc
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device cannot transmit.
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.SH IOCTL COMMANDS
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.PP
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The LIRC device's ioctl definition is bound by the ioctl function
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definition of
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.IR "struct file_operations" ,
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@ -153,7 +147,6 @@ referred to below as
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.IR val .
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.\"
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.SS Always Supported Commands
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.PP
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\fI/dev/lirc*\fR devices always support the following commands:
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.TP 4
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.BR LIRC_GET_FEATURES " (\fIvoid\fP)"
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@ -166,7 +159,6 @@ it is safe to assume it is not a
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device.
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.\"
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.SS Optional Commands
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.PP
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Some
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.B lirc
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devices support the commands listed below.
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@ -363,7 +355,6 @@ Trying to disable a wide band receiver while carrier reports are active
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will do nothing.
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.\"
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.SH FEATURES
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.PP
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the
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.BR LIRC_GET_FEATURES
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ioctl returns a bit mask describing features of the driver.
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@ -238,7 +238,6 @@ driver.
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The definitions below are from
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.IR /usr/include/linux/mtio.h :
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.SS MTIOCTOP \(em perform a tape operation
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.PP
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This request takes an argument of type
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.IR "(struct mtop\ *)" .
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Not all drives support all operations.
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@ -686,7 +685,6 @@ the cleaning request.
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If the pattern is nonzero, the pattern must match
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the masked sense data byte.
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.SS MTIOCGET \(em get status
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.PP
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This request takes an argument of type
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.IR "(struct mtget\ *)" .
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.PP
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@ -815,7 +813,6 @@ This value is set to \-1 when the block number is unknown (e.g., after
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or
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.BR MTSEEK ).
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.SS MTIOCPOS \(em get tape position
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.PP
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This request takes an argument of type
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.I "(struct mtpos\ *)"
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and reports the drive's notion of the current tape block number,
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@ -237,7 +237,6 @@ removed, record-keeping is turned off.
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.br
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.I /var/log/wtmp
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.SH CONFORMING TO
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.PP
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POSIX.1 does not specify a
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.I utmp
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structure, but rather one named
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@ -289,7 +288,6 @@ Linux uses the BSD conventions for line contents, as documented above.
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.\" informative messages such as \fB"new time"\fP in the line field.
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System V has no \fIut_host\fP or \fIut_addr_v6\fP fields.
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.SH NOTES
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.PP
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Unlike various other
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systems, where utmp logging can be disabled by removing the file, utmp
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must always exist on Linux.
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@ -16,7 +16,6 @@
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.SH NAME
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boot \- System bootup process based on UNIX System V Release 4
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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.PP
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The \fBbootup process\fR (or "\fBboot sequence\fR") varies in details
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among systems, but can be roughly divided into phases controlled by
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the following components:
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@ -215,7 +214,6 @@ A boot script in \fI/etc/init.d\fR reads and includes its configuration
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file (that is, it "\fBsources\fR" its configuration file) and then uses
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the variable values.
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.SH FILES
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.PP
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.IR /etc/init.d/ ,
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.IR /etc/rc[S0\-6].d/ ,
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.I /etc/sysconfig/
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@ -284,7 +284,6 @@ that the process may create (see
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.BR inotify (7)).
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.\"
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.SS Modifying process user and group IDs
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.PP
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Subject to rules described in the relevant manual pages,
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a process can use the following APIs to modify its user and group IDs:
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.TP
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@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ futex \- fast user-space locking
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.B #include <linux/futex.h>
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.fi
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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.PP
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The Linux kernel provides futexes ("Fast user-space mutexes")
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as a building block for fast user-space
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locking and semaphores.
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via shared memory segments, or because they share memory space,
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in which case the application is commonly called multithreaded.
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.SS Semantics
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.PP
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Any futex operation starts in user space,
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but it may be necessary to communicate with the kernel using the
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.BR futex (2)
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@ -90,12 +88,10 @@ for
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more details.
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The same holds for asynchronous futex waiting.
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.SH VERSIONS
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.PP
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Initial futex support was merged in Linux 2.5.7
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but with different semantics from those described above.
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Current semantics are available from Linux 2.5.40 onward.
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.SH NOTES
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.PP
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To reiterate, bare futexes are not intended as an easy-to-use
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abstraction for end users.
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Implementors are expected to be assembly literate and to have read
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@ -77,7 +77,6 @@ The name may have to be quoted using "", for example, if it contains ".":
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.PP
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"John Q. Doe" <john.doe@monet.example.com>
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.SS Abbreviation
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.PP
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Some mail systems let users abbreviate the domain name.
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For instance,
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users at example.com may get away with "john.doe@monet" to
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@ -85,7 +84,6 @@ send mail to John Doe.
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.I "This behavior is deprecated."
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Sometimes it works, but you should not depend on it.
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.SS Route-addrs
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.PP
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In the past, sometimes one had to route a message through
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several hosts to get it to its final destination.
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Addresses which show these relays are termed "route-addrs".
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@ -102,7 +100,6 @@ They occur sometimes in old mail archives.
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It is generally possible to ignore all but the "user@hostc"
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part of the address to determine the actual address.
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.SS Postmaster
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.PP
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Every site is required to have a user or user alias designated
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"postmaster" to which problems with the mail system may be
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addressed.
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@ -52,7 +52,6 @@ struct sigevent {
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};
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.fi
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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.PP
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The
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.I sigevent
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structure is used by various APIs
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@ -185,7 +185,6 @@ the contents of the
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.I timens_offsets
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file are inherited from the time namespace of the creating process.
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.SH NOTES
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.PP
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Use of time namespaces requires a kernel that is configured with the
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.B CONFIG_TIME_NS
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option.
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the monotonic and boot-time clocks to maintain consistent values
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during container migration and checkpoint/restore.
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.SH EXAMPLES
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.PP
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The following shell session demonstrates the operation of time namespaces.
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We begin by displaying the inode number of the time namespace
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of a shell in the initial time namespace:
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@ -69,7 +69,6 @@ absolute_path = "/" path_segments
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relative_path = relative_segment [ absolute_path ]
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.fi
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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.PP
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A Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) is a short string of characters
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identifying an abstract or physical resource (for example, a web page).
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A Uniform Resource Locator (URL) is a URI
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URNs are not widely implemented.
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Not all tools support all schemes.
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.SS Character encoding
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.PP
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URIs use a limited number of characters so that they can be
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typed in and used in a variety of situations.
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.PP
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@ -582,7 +580,6 @@ permitted, and can be used only when there is no defined base
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Don't use abbreviated URIs as hypertext links inside a document;
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use the standard format as described here.
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.SH CONFORMING TO
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.PP
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.UR http://www.ietf.org\:/rfc\:/rfc2396.txt
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(IETF RFC\ 2396)
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.UE ,
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@ -628,7 +625,6 @@ will converge to common URI formats, and a future
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version of this man page will describe the converged result.
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Efforts to aid this convergence are encouraged.
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.SS Security
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.PP
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A URI does not in itself pose a security threat.
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There is no general guarantee that a URL, which at one time
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located a given resource, will continue to do so.
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the "userinfo" component of a URI is strongly recommended against except
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in those rare cases where the "password" parameter is intended to be public.
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.SH BUGS
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.PP
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Documentation may be placed in a variety of locations, so there
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currently isn't a good URI scheme for general online documentation
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in arbitrary formats.
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