diff --git a/man1/ldd.1 b/man1/ldd.1 index e63b4e13f..5646b9c3e 100644 --- a/man1/ldd.1 +++ b/man1/ldd.1 @@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ and only has the equivalent .BR \-\-version . .LP The libc5 version of this program will use the name of a library given -on the command line as-is when it contains a \'/\'; otherwise it +on the command line as-is when it contains a \(aq/\(aq; otherwise it searches for the library in the standard locations. To run it on a shared library in the current directory, prefix the name with "./". diff --git a/man2/chdir.2 b/man2/chdir.2 index 231dd791a..6ca20946e 100644 --- a/man2/chdir.2 +++ b/man2/chdir.2 @@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ is not a valid file descriptor. SVr4, 4.4BSD, POSIX.1-2001. .SH NOTES The current working directory is the starting point for interpreting -relative pathnames (those not starting with \'/\'). +relative pathnames (those not starting with \(aq/\(aq). A child process created via .BR fork (2) diff --git a/man2/chown.2 b/man2/chown.2 index 6d9939f21..12182f2e8 100644 --- a/man2/chown.2 +++ b/man2/chown.2 @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -.\" Hey Emacs! This file is -*- nroff -*- source. +\(aq" Hey Emacs! This file is -*- nroff -*- source. .\" .\" Copyright (c) 1992 Drew Eckhardt (drew@cs.colorado.edu), March 28, 1992 .\" and Copyright (c) 1998 Andries Brouwer (aeb@cwi.nl) @@ -217,14 +217,14 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[]) struct passwd *pwd; char *endptr; - if (argc != 3 || argv[1][0] == \'\\0\') { + if (argc != 3 || argv[1][0] == \(aq\\0\(aq) { fprintf(stderr, "%s \\n", argv[0]); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } uid = strtol(argv[1], &endptr, 10); /* Allow a numeric string */ - if (*endptr != \'\\0\') { /* Was not pure numeric string */ + if (*endptr != \(aq\\0\(aq) { /* Was not pure numeric string */ pwd = getpwnam(argv[1]); /* Try getting UID for username */ if (pwd == NULL) { perror("getpwnam"); diff --git a/man2/chroot.2 b/man2/chroot.2 index 1b4f3dfd8..f2c9f05bb 100644 --- a/man2/chroot.2 +++ b/man2/chroot.2 @@ -53,8 +53,8 @@ This call changes an ingredient in the pathname resolution process and does nothing else. This call does not change the current working directory, -so that after the call \'\fI.\fP\' can -be outside the tree rooted at \'\fI/\fP\'. +so that after the call \(aq\fI.\fP\(aq can +be outside the tree rooted at \(aq\fI/\fP\(aq. In particular, the superuser can escape from a "chroot jail" by doing: .nf diff --git a/man2/ioctl_list.2 b/man2/ioctl_list.2 index 9bff48c97..d5dfa1bc9 100644 --- a/man2/ioctl_list.2 +++ b/man2/ioctl_list.2 @@ -70,9 +70,9 @@ one or more ASCII letters were used. For example, .B TCGETS has value -0x00005401, with 0x54 = \'T\' indicating the terminal driver, and +0x00005401, with 0x54 = \(aqT\(aq indicating the terminal driver, and .B CYGETTIMEOUT -has value 0x00435906, with 0x43 0x59 = \'C\' \'Y\' +has value 0x00435906, with 0x43 0x59 = \(aqC\(aq \(aqY\(aq indicating the cyclades driver. .LP Later (0.98p5) some more information was built into the number. diff --git a/man2/listxattr.2 b/man2/listxattr.2 index 7d57d356a..a7dec9cb2 100644 --- a/man2/listxattr.2 +++ b/man2/listxattr.2 @@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ size of a buffer which is sufficiently large to hold the list of names. The .I list of names is returned as an unordered array of null-terminated character -strings (attribute names are separated by null bytes (\'\\0\')), like this: +strings (attribute names are separated by null bytes (\(aq\\0\(aq)), like this: .fam C .RS .nf diff --git a/man2/lseek.2 b/man2/lseek.2 index 46e78016c..07b374db1 100644 --- a/man2/lseek.2 +++ b/man2/lseek.2 @@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ The function allows the file offset to be set beyond the end of the file (but this does not change the size of the file). If data is later written at this point, subsequent reads of the data -in the gap (a "hole") return null bytes (\'\\0\') until +in the gap (a "hole") return null bytes (\(aq\\0\(aq) until data is actually written into the gap. .SH "RETURN VALUE" Upon successful completion, diff --git a/man2/mmap.2 b/man2/mmap.2 index ea86a7c88..02d5a5839 100644 --- a/man2/mmap.2 +++ b/man2/mmap.2 @@ -582,7 +582,7 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[]) length = atoi(argv[3]); if (offset + length > sb.st_size) length = sb.st_size \- offset; - /* Can\'t display bytes past end of file */ + /* Can\(aqt display bytes past end of file */ } else { /* No length arg ==> display to end of file */ length = sb.st_size \- offset; diff --git a/man2/mount.2 b/man2/mount.2 index 895ff6764..c5513b387 100644 --- a/man2/mount.2 +++ b/man2/mount.2 @@ -351,7 +351,7 @@ Or, a move .RB ( MS_MOVE ) was attempted, but .I source -was not a mount point, or was \'/\'. +was not a mount point, or was \(aq/\(aq. Or, an unmount was attempted, but .I target was not a mount point. diff --git a/man2/mprotect.2 b/man2/mprotect.2 index 86a3a75b4..df23af260 100644 --- a/man2/mprotect.2 +++ b/man2/mprotect.2 @@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[]) handle_error("mprotect"); for (p = buffer ; ; ) - *(p++) = \'a\'; + *(p++) = \(aqa\(aq; printf("Loop completed\\n"); /* Should never happen */ exit(EXIT_SUCCESS); diff --git a/man2/signalfd.2 b/man2/signalfd.2 index 1759cf231..49956138f 100644 --- a/man2/signalfd.2 +++ b/man2/signalfd.2 @@ -368,7 +368,7 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[]) sigaddset(&mask, SIGINT); sigaddset(&mask, SIGQUIT); - /* Block signals so that they aren\'t handled + /* Block signals so that they aren\(aqt handled according to their default dispositions */ if (sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &mask, NULL) == \-1) diff --git a/man2/spu_run.2 b/man2/spu_run.2 index 677b5cee3..3dd981a5c 100644 --- a/man2/spu_run.2 +++ b/man2/spu_run.2 @@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ int main(void) if (context == -1) handle_error("spu_create"); - /* write a \'stop 0x1234\' instruction to the SPU\'s + /* write a \(aqstop 0x1234\(aq instruction to the SPU\(aqs * local store memory */ instruction = 0x00001234; diff --git a/man2/truncate.2 b/man2/truncate.2 index 28a08d3ac..f875ded92 100644 --- a/man2/truncate.2 +++ b/man2/truncate.2 @@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ bytes. .LP If the file previously was larger than this size, the extra data is lost. If the file previously was shorter, it is extended, and -the extended part reads as null bytes (\'\\0\'). +the extended part reads as null bytes (\(aq\\0\(aq). .LP The file offset is not changed. .LP diff --git a/man2/uname.2 b/man2/uname.2 index 5fd01345f..116a4eb16 100644 --- a/man2/uname.2 +++ b/man2/uname.2 @@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ struct utsname { .in The length of the arrays in a .I struct utsname -is unspecified; the fields are terminated by a null byte (\'\\0\'). +is unspecified; the fields are terminated by a null byte (\(aq\\0\(aq). .SH "RETURN VALUE" On success, zero is returned. On error, \-1 is returned, and diff --git a/man2/ustat.2 b/man2/ustat.2 index 53afb688a..352882652 100644 --- a/man2/ustat.2 +++ b/man2/ustat.2 @@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ The last two fields, and .IR f_fpack , are not implemented and will -always be filled with null bytes (\'\\0\'). +always be filled with null bytes (\(aq\\0\(aq). .SH "RETURN VALUE" On success, zero is returned and the .I ustat diff --git a/man3/a64l.3 b/man3/a64l.3 index 8aa3b74d8..dbcb8971b 100644 --- a/man3/a64l.3 +++ b/man3/a64l.3 @@ -41,8 +41,8 @@ The 64 digits in the base-64 system are: .RS .nf -\&\'.\' represents a 0 -\&\'/\' represents a 1 +\&\(aq.\(aq represents a 0 +\&\(aq/\(aq represents a 1 0-9 represent 2-11 A-Z represent 12-37 a-z represent 38-63 diff --git a/man3/argz_add.3 b/man3/argz_add.3 index b63fa3caf..56a0d792e 100644 --- a/man3/argz_add.3 +++ b/man3/argz_add.3 @@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ These functions are glibc-specific. .LP An argz vector is a pointer to a character buffer together with a length. The intended interpretation of the character buffer is an array -of strings, where the strings are separated by null bytes (\'\\0\'). +of strings, where the strings are separated by null bytes (\(aq\\0\(aq). If the length is non-zero, the last byte of the buffer must be a null byte. .LP These functions are for handling argz vectors. @@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ is similar, but splits the string into substrings separated by the delimiter .IR delim . For example, one might use this on a Unix search path with -delimiter \':\'. +delimiter \(aq:\(aq. .LP .BR argz_append () appends the argz vector @@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ will be increased by .LP .BR argz_count () counts the number of strings, that is, -the number of null bytes (\'\\0\'), in +the number of null bytes (\(aq\\0\(aq), in .RI ( argz ,\ argz_len ). .LP .BR argz_create () @@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ will be incremented by the number of replacements. is the opposite of .BR argz_create_sep (). It transforms the argz vector into a normal string by replacing -all null bytes (\'\\0\') except the last by +all null bytes (\(aq\\0\(aq) except the last by .IR sep . .SH "RETURN VALUE" All argz functions that do memory allocation have a return type of diff --git a/man3/backtrace.3 b/man3/backtrace.3 index 4c4f89f3a..0644652f7 100644 --- a/man3/backtrace.3 +++ b/man3/backtrace.3 @@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ myfunc3(void) free(strings); } -static void /* \'static\' means don\'t export the symbol... */ +static void /* "static" means don\(aqt export the symbol... */ myfunc2(void) { myfunc3(); diff --git a/man3/basename.3 b/man3/basename.3 index d48e59076..77969cd03 100644 --- a/man3/basename.3 +++ b/man3/basename.3 @@ -46,10 +46,10 @@ break a null-terminated pathname string into directory and filename components. In the usual case, .BR dirname () -returns the string up to, but not including, the final \'/\', and +returns the string up to, but not including, the final \(aq/\(aq, and .BR basename () -returns the component following the final \'/\'. -Trailing \'/\' characters are not counted as part of the pathname. +returns the component following the final \(aq/\(aq. +Trailing \(aq/\(aq characters are not counted as part of the pathname. .PP If .I path @@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ they modify their argument, and segfault when called with a static string like "/usr/". Before glibc 2.2.1, the glibc version of .BR dirname () -did not correctly handle pathnames with trailing \'/\' characters, +did not correctly handle pathnames with trailing \(aq/\(aq characters, and generated a segfault if given a NULL argument. .SH EXAMPLE .in +4n diff --git a/man3/bsearch.3 b/man3/bsearch.3 index 4beb64eb7..ad709ec10 100644 --- a/man3/bsearch.3 +++ b/man3/bsearch.3 @@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv) res = bsearch(&key, months, nr_of_months, sizeof(struct mi), compmi); if (res == NULL) - printf("\'%s\': unknown month\en", argv[i]); + printf("\(aq%s\(aq: unknown month\en", argv[i]); else printf("%s: month #%d\en", res\->name, res\->nr); } diff --git a/man3/bzero.3 b/man3/bzero.3 index 43c784244..565ba71cc 100644 --- a/man3/bzero.3 +++ b/man3/bzero.3 @@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ function sets the first .I n bytes of the byte area starting at .I s -to zero (bytes containing \'\\0\'). +to zero (bytes containing \(aq\\0\(aq). .SH "RETURN VALUE" None. .SH "CONFORMING TO" diff --git a/man3/catopen.3 b/man3/catopen.3 index 66b9f99a1..db8952e0b 100644 --- a/man3/catopen.3 +++ b/man3/catopen.3 @@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ The argument specifies the name of the message catalog to be opened. If .I name -specifies and absolute path (i.e., contains a \'/\'), +specifies and absolute path (i.e., contains a \(aq/\(aq), then .I name specifies a pathname for the message catalog. diff --git a/man3/confstr.3 b/man3/confstr.3 index 9c3135973..cc0f515ce 100644 --- a/man3/confstr.3 +++ b/man3/confstr.3 @@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ copies the value of the string to .I buf truncated to .I len \- 1 -characters if necessary, with a null byte (\'\\0\') as terminator. +characters if necessary, with a null byte (\(aq\\0\(aq) as terminator. This can be detected by comparing the return value of .BR confstr () against diff --git a/man3/dl_iterate_phdr.3 b/man3/dl_iterate_phdr.3 index dd15325ae..c9a06063e 100644 --- a/man3/dl_iterate_phdr.3 +++ b/man3/dl_iterate_phdr.3 @@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ struct dl_phdr_info { const ElfW(Phdr) *dlpi_phdr; /* Pointer to array of ELF program headers for this object */ - ElfW(Half) dlpi_phnum; /* # of items in \'dlpi_phdr\' */ + ElfW(Half) dlpi_phnum; /* # of items in \fIdlpi_phdr\fP */ }; .fi .in diff --git a/man3/envz_add.3 b/man3/envz_add.3 index 3b2eed53e..7abed497e 100644 --- a/man3/envz_add.3 +++ b/man3/envz_add.3 @@ -38,10 +38,10 @@ see .BR argz_add (3). An envz vector is a special argz vector, namely one where the strings have the form "name=value". -Everything after the first \'=\' is considered +Everything after the first \(aq=\(aq is considered to be the value. -If there is no \'=\', the value is taken to be NULL. -(While the value in case of a trailing \'=\' is the empty string "".) +If there is no \(aq=\(aq, the value is taken to be NULL. +(While the value in case of a trailing \(aq=\(aq is the empty string "".) .LP These functions are for handling envz vectors. .LP @@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ and returns the value if found, or NULL if not. (Note that the value can also be NULL, namely when there is an entry for .I name -without \'=\' sign.) +without \(aq=\(aq sign.) .LP .BR envz_merge () adds each entry in diff --git a/man3/ether_aton.3 b/man3/ether_aton.3 index 3b6a09968..010a8a74c 100644 --- a/man3/ether_aton.3 +++ b/man3/ether_aton.3 @@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ The function parses a line in .I /etc/ethers format (ethernet address followed by whitespace followed by -hostname; \'#\' introduces a comment) and returns an address +hostname; \(aq#\(aq introduces a comment) and returns an address and hostname pair, or non-zero if it cannot be parsed. The buffer pointed to by .I hostname diff --git a/man3/fgetws.3 b/man3/fgetws.3 index 1477c23e0..6cc799282 100644 --- a/man3/fgetws.3 +++ b/man3/fgetws.3 @@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ of the .BR fgets (3) function. It reads a string of at most \fIn-1\fP wide characters into the -wide-character array pointed to by \fIws\fP, and adds a terminating L\'\\0\' +wide-character array pointed to by \fIws\fP, and adds a terminating L\(aq\\0\(aq character. It stops reading wide characters after it has encountered and stored a newline wide character. diff --git a/man3/fmemopen.3 b/man3/fmemopen.3 index ed025eacb..a27140f80 100644 --- a/man3/fmemopen.3 +++ b/man3/fmemopen.3 @@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ is the same as for If .I mode specifies an append mode, then the initial file position is set to -location of the first null byte (\'\\0\') in the buffer; +location of the first null byte (\(aq\\0\(aq) in the buffer; otherwise the initial file position is set to the start of the buffer. .PP When a stream that has been opened for writing is flushed @@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ of the buffer's size, using .\" http://sources.redhat.com/ml/libc-alpha/2006-04/msg00064.html .PP In a stream opened for reading, -null bytes (\'\\0\') in the buffer do not cause read +null bytes (\(aq\\0\(aq) in the buffer do not cause read operations to return an end-of-file indication. A read from the buffer will only indicate end-of-file when the file pointer advances diff --git a/man3/fopen.3 b/man3/fopen.3 index 2b75c27ca..04a5703de 100644 --- a/man3/fopen.3 +++ b/man3/fopen.3 @@ -103,14 +103,14 @@ but output is always appended to the end of the file. .PP The .I mode -string can also include the letter \'b\' either as a last character or as +string can also include the letter \(aqb\(aq either as a last character or as a character between the characters in any of the two-character strings described above. This is strictly for compatibility with C89 -and has no effect; the \'b\' is ignored on all POSIX +and has no effect; the \(aqb\(aq is ignored on all POSIX conforming systems, including Linux. (Other systems may treat text files and binary files differently, -and adding the \'b\' may be a good idea if you do I/O to a binary +and adding the \(aqb\(aq may be a good idea if you do I/O to a binary file and expect that your program may be ported to non-Unix environments.) .PP diff --git a/man3/fputws.3 b/man3/fputws.3 index 1e074ab53..952567ae0 100644 --- a/man3/fputws.3 +++ b/man3/fputws.3 @@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ the .BR fputs (3) function. It writes the wide-character string starting at \fIws\fP, up to but -not including the terminating L\'\\0\' character, to \fIstream\fP. +not including the terminating L\(aq\\0\(aq character, to \fIstream\fP. .PP For a non-locking counterpart, see .BR unlocked_stdio (3). diff --git a/man3/ftw.3 b/man3/ftw.3 index 4413a3278..3984ec02e 100644 --- a/man3/ftw.3 +++ b/man3/ftw.3 @@ -370,9 +370,9 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[]) { int flags = 0; - if (argc > 2 && strchr(argv[2], \'d\') != NULL) + if (argc > 2 && strchr(argv[2], \(aqd\(aq) != NULL) flags |= FTW_DEPTH; - if (argc > 2 && strchr(argv[2], \'p\') != NULL) + if (argc > 2 && strchr(argv[2], \(aqp\(aq) != NULL) flags |= FTW_PHYS; if (nftw((argc < 2) ? "." : argv[1], display_info, 20, flags) diff --git a/man3/getopt.3 b/man3/getopt.3 index 256a5aa67..e1d15de08 100644 --- a/man3/getopt.3 +++ b/man3/getopt.3 @@ -73,11 +73,11 @@ and are the argument count and array as passed to the .IR main () function on program invocation. -An element of \fIargv\fP that starts with \'\-\' +An element of \fIargv\fP that starts with \(aq\-\(aq (and is not exactly "\-" or "\-\-") is an option element. The characters of this element -(aside from the initial \'\-\') are option characters. +(aside from the initial \(aq\-\(aq) are option characters. If .BR getopt () is called repeatedly, it returns successively each of the option characters @@ -132,11 +132,11 @@ permutes the contents of \fIargv\fP as it scans, so that eventually all the non-options are at the end. Two other modes are also implemented. If the first character of -\fIoptstring\fP is \'+\' or the environment variable +\fIoptstring\fP is \(aq+\(aq or the environment variable .B POSIXLY_CORRECT is set, then option processing stops as soon as a non-option argument is encountered. -If the first character of \fIoptstring\fP is \'\-\', then +If the first character of \fIoptstring\fP is \(aq\-\(aq, then each non-option \fIargv\fP-element is handled as if it were the argument of an option with character code 1. (This is used by programs that were written to expect options and other \fIargv\fP-elements in any order @@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ If .BR getopt () does not recognize an option character, it prints an error message to \fIstderr\fP, stores the character in \fIoptopt\fP, and -returns \'?\'. +returns \(aq?\(aq. The calling program may prevent the error message by setting \fIopterr\fP to 0. .PP @@ -156,14 +156,14 @@ If .BR getopt () finds an option character in \fIargv\fP that was not included in \fIoptstring\fP, or if it detects a missing option argument, -it returns \'?\' and sets the external variable \fIoptopt\fP to the +it returns \(aq?\(aq and sets the external variable \fIoptopt\fP to the actual option character. If the first character -(following any optional \'+\' or \'\-\' described above) +(following any optional \(aq+\(aq or \(aq\-\(aq described above) of \fIoptstring\fP -is a colon (\':\'), then +is a colon (\(aq:\(aq), then .BR getopt () -returns \':\' instead of \'?\' to +returns \(aq:\(aq instead of \(aq?\(aq to indicate a missing option argument. If an error was detected, and the first character of \fIoptstring\fP is not a colon, and @@ -243,9 +243,9 @@ points to a variable which is set to the index of the long option relative to .BR getopt_long_only () is like .BR getopt_long (), -but \'\-\' as well +but \(aq\-\(aq as well as "\-\-" can indicate a long option. -If an option that starts with \'\-\' +If an option that starts with \(aq\-\(aq (not "\-\-") doesn't match a long option, but does match a short option, it is parsed as a short option instead. .SH "RETURN VALUE" @@ -259,13 +259,13 @@ If .BR getopt () encounters an option character that was not in .IR optstring , -then \'?\' is returned. +then \(aq?\(aq is returned. If .BR getopt () encounters an option with a missing argument, then the return value depends on the first character in .IR optstring : -if it is \':\', then \':\' is returned; otherwise \'?\' is returned. +if it is \(aq:\(aq, then \(aq:\(aq is returned; otherwise \(aq?\(aq is returned. .PP .BR getopt_long () and @@ -276,7 +276,7 @@ For a long option, they return \fIval\fP if \fIflag\fP is NULL, and 0 otherwise. Error and \-1 returns are the same as for .BR getopt (), -plus \'?\' for an +plus \(aq?\(aq for an ambiguous match or an extraneous parameter. .SH ENVIRONMENT .TP @@ -349,14 +349,14 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[]) flags = 0; while ((opt = getopt(argc, argv, "nt:")) != \-1) { switch (opt) { - case \'n\': + case \(aqn\(aq: flags = 1; break; - case \'t\': + case \(aqt\(aq: nsecs = atoi(optarg); tfnd = 1; break; - default: /* \'?\' */ + default: /* \(aq?\(aq */ fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s [\-t nsecs] [\-n] name\\n", argv[0]); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); @@ -401,7 +401,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv) {"append", 0, 0, 0}, {"delete", 1, 0, 0}, {"verbose", 0, 0, 0}, - {"create", 1, 0, \'c\'}, + {"create", 1, 0, \(aqc\(aq}, {"file", 1, 0, 0}, {0, 0, 0, 0} }; @@ -419,32 +419,32 @@ main(int argc, char **argv) printf("\\n"); break; - case \'0\': - case \'1\': - case \'2\': + case \(aq0\(aq: + case \(aq1\(aq: + case \(aq2\(aq: if (digit_optind != 0 && digit_optind != this_option_optind) printf("digits occur in two different argv\-elements.\\n"); digit_optind = this_option_optind; printf("option %c\\n", c); break; - case \'a\': + case \(aqa\(aq: printf("option a\\n"); break; - case \'b\': + case \(aqb\(aq: printf("option b\\n"); break; - case \'c\': - printf("option c with value \'%s\'\\n", optarg); + case \(aqc\(aq: + printf("option c with value \(aq%s\(aq\\n", optarg); break; - case \'d\': - printf("option d with value \'%s\'\\n", optarg); + case \(aqd\(aq: + printf("option d with value \(aq%s\(aq\\n", optarg); break; - case \'?\': + case \(aq?\(aq: break; default: diff --git a/man3/getpass.3 b/man3/getpass.3 index d5b275d58..da2ff35a4 100644 --- a/man3/getpass.3 +++ b/man3/getpass.3 @@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ The function returns a pointer to a static buffer containing the (first .B PASS_MAX bytes of) the password without the trailing -newline, terminated by a null byte (\'\\0\'). +newline, terminated by a null byte (\(aq\\0\(aq). This buffer may be overwritten by a following call. On error, the terminal state is restored, .I errno diff --git a/man3/gets.3 b/man3/gets.3 index eb72df15d..ed67bc55d 100644 --- a/man3/gets.3 +++ b/man3/gets.3 @@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ into the buffer pointed to by until either a terminating newline or .BR EOF , which it replaces with -.BR \'\e0\' . +.BR \(aq\e0\(aq . No check for buffer overrun is performed (see BUGS below). .PP .BR fgets () @@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ Reading stops after an or a newline. If a newline is read, it is stored into the buffer. A -.B \'\e0\' +.B \(aq\e0\(aq is stored after the last character in the buffer. .PP .BR ungetc () diff --git a/man3/getsubopt.3 b/man3/getsubopt.3 index f32d3d9e4..fe567397b 100644 --- a/man3/getsubopt.3 +++ b/man3/getsubopt.3 @@ -150,9 +150,9 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv) while ((opt = getopt(argc, argv, "o:")) != \-1) { switch (opt) { - case \'o\': + case \(aqo\(aq: subopts = optarg; - while (*subopts != \'\\0\' && !errfnd) { + while (*subopts != \(aq\\0\(aq && !errfnd) { switch (getsubopt(&subopts, token, &value)) { case RO_OPT: @@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv) case NAME_OPT: if (value == NULL) { fprintf(stderr, "Missing value for " - "suboption \'%s\'\\n", token[NAME_OPT]); + "suboption \(aq%s\(aq\\n", token[NAME_OPT]); errfnd = 1; continue; } @@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv) } } if (readwrite && readonly) { - fprintf(stderr, "Only one of \'%s\' and \'%s\' can be " + fprintf(stderr, "Only one of \(aq%s\(aq and \(aq%s\(aq can be " "specified\\n", token[RO_OPT], token[RW_OPT]); errfnd = 1; } @@ -195,8 +195,8 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv) if (errfnd || argc == 1) { fprintf(stderr, "\\nUsage: %s \-o \\n", argv[0]); - fprintf(stderr, "suboptions are \'ro\', \'rw\', " - "and \'name=\'\\n"); + fprintf(stderr, "suboptions are \(aqro\(aq, \(aqrw\(aq, " + "and \(aqname=\(aq\\n"); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } diff --git a/man3/glob.3 b/man3/glob.3 index 0c406c52f..91974e8e0 100644 --- a/man3/glob.3 +++ b/man3/glob.3 @@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ Do not set this flag on the first invocation of .BR glob (). .TP .B GLOB_NOESCAPE -Don't allow backslash (\'\\\') to be used as an escape +Don't allow backslash (\(aq\\\(aq) to be used as an escape character. Normally, a backslash can be used to quote the following character, providing a mechanism to turn off the special meaning @@ -176,8 +176,8 @@ even if there is no file with that name. .TP .B GLOB_TILDE Carry out tilde expansion. -If a tilde (\'~\') is the only character in the pattern, -or an initial tilde is followed immediately by a slash (\'/\'), +If a tilde (\(aq~\(aq) is the only character in the pattern, +or an initial tilde is followed immediately by a slash (\(aq/\(aq), then the home directory of the caller is substituted for the tilde. If an initial tilde is followed by a username (e.g., "~andrea/bin"), diff --git a/man3/isalpha.3 b/man3/isalpha.3 index d2cbfd6b3..67cd24dda 100644 --- a/man3/isalpha.3 +++ b/man3/isalpha.3 @@ -132,15 +132,15 @@ In the and .B """POSIX""" locales, these are: space, form-feed -.RB ( \'\ef\' ), +.RB ( \(aq\ef\(aq ), newline -.RB ( \'\en\' ), +.RB ( \(aq\en\(aq ), carriage return -.RB ( \'\er\' ), +.RB ( \(aq\er\(aq ), horizontal tab -.RB ( \'\et\' ), +.RB ( \(aq\et\(aq ), and vertical tab -.RB ( \'\ev\' ). +.RB ( \(aq\ev\(aq ). .TP .BR isupper () checks for an uppercase letter. diff --git a/man3/iswalnum.3 b/man3/iswalnum.3 index a998c8a27..a6771fb01 100644 --- a/man3/iswalnum.3 +++ b/man3/iswalnum.3 @@ -48,8 +48,8 @@ The wide-character class "alnum" is the union of the wide-character classes As such, it also contains the wide-character class "xdigit". .PP -The wide-character class "alnum" always contains at least the letters \'A\' -to \'Z\', \'a\' to \'z\' and the digits \'0\' to \'9\'. +The wide-character class "alnum" always contains at least the letters \(aqA\(aq +to \(aqZ\(aq, \(aqa\(aq to \(aqz\(aq and the digits \(aq0\(aq to \(aq9\(aq. .SH "RETURN VALUE" The .BR iswalnum () diff --git a/man3/iswalpha.3 b/man3/iswalpha.3 index 259d4e6d8..688a2794b 100644 --- a/man3/iswalpha.3 +++ b/man3/iswalpha.3 @@ -52,8 +52,8 @@ The wide-character class "alpha" is disjoint from the wide-character class The wide-character class "alpha" contains the wide-character classes "upper" and "lower". .PP -The wide-character class "alpha" always contains at least the letters \'A\' -to \'Z\' and \'a\' to \'z\'. +The wide-character class "alpha" always contains at least the +letters \(aqA\(aq to \(aqZ\(aq and \(aqa\(aq to \(aqz\(aq. .SH "RETURN VALUE" The .BR iswalpha () diff --git a/man3/iswblank.3 b/man3/iswblank.3 index 18c5952c4..40e228413 100644 --- a/man3/iswblank.3 +++ b/man3/iswblank.3 @@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ from its subclasses "alnum", "alpha", "upper", "lower", "digit", .PP The wide-character class "blank" always contains at least the space character -and the control character \'\\t\'. +and the control character \(aq\\t\(aq. .SH "RETURN VALUE" The .BR iswblank () diff --git a/man3/iswdigit.3 b/man3/iswdigit.3 index 8734f72b6..e723e6bb2 100644 --- a/man3/iswdigit.3 +++ b/man3/iswdigit.3 @@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ disjoint from the wide-character class "alpha" and therefore also disjoint from its subclasses "lower", "upper". .PP The wide-character class "digit" always -contains exactly the digits \'0\' to \'9\'. +contains exactly the digits \(aq0\(aq to \(aq9\(aq. .SH "RETURN VALUE" The .BR iswdigit () diff --git a/man3/iswlower.3 b/man3/iswlower.3 index 903f05460..66efa81d6 100644 --- a/man3/iswlower.3 +++ b/man3/iswlower.3 @@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ which are equal to \fItowlower(wc)\fP and different from \fItowupper(wc)\fP. .PP The wide-character class "lower" always contains -at least the letters \'a\' to \'z\'. +at least the letters \(aqa\(aq to \(aqz\(aq. .SH "RETURN VALUE" The .BR iswlower () diff --git a/man3/iswspace.3 b/man3/iswspace.3 index fb7c498be..4fae7b3aa 100644 --- a/man3/iswspace.3 +++ b/man3/iswspace.3 @@ -39,7 +39,8 @@ The wide-character class "space" is disjoint from the wide-character class The wide-character class "space" contains the wide-character class "blank". .PP The wide-character class "space" always contains at least the space character -and the control characters \'\\f\', \'\\n\', \'\\r\', \'\\t\', \'\\v\'. +and the control +characters \(aq\\f\(aq, \(aq\\n\(aq, \(aq\\r\(aq, \(aq\\t\(aq, \(aq\\v\(aq. .SH "RETURN VALUE" The .BR iswspace () diff --git a/man3/iswupper.3 b/man3/iswupper.3 index aea27c384..d8dbfb4f1 100644 --- a/man3/iswupper.3 +++ b/man3/iswupper.3 @@ -49,8 +49,8 @@ Being a subclass of the wide-character class "alpha", the wide-character class The wide-character class "upper" contains at least those characters \fIwc\fP which are equal to \fItowupper(wc)\fP and different from \fItowlower(wc)\fP. .PP -The wide-character class "upper" always contains at least the letters \'A\' -to \'Z\'. +The wide-character class "upper" always contains at least the +letters \(aqA\(aq to \(aqZ\(aq. .SH "RETURN VALUE" The .BR iswupper () diff --git a/man3/iswxdigit.3 b/man3/iswxdigit.3 index 722e108bd..5785d0e0b 100644 --- a/man3/iswxdigit.3 +++ b/man3/iswxdigit.3 @@ -43,8 +43,9 @@ Being a subclass of the wide-character class "graph", the wide-character class Being a subclass of the wide-character class "alnum", the wide-character class "xdigit" is disjoint from the wide-character class "punct". .PP -The wide-character class "xdigit" always contains at least the letters \'A\' -to \'F\', \'a\' to \'f\' and the digits \'0\' to \'9\'. +The wide-character class "xdigit" always contains at least the +letters \(aqA\(aq to \(aqF\(aq, \(aqa\(aq to \(aqf\(aq +and the digits \(aq0\(aq to \(aq9\(aq. .SH "RETURN VALUE" The .BR iswxdigit () diff --git a/man3/mbrtowc.3 b/man3/mbrtowc.3 index 51d0f39ed..8a08d0d00 100644 --- a/man3/mbrtowc.3 +++ b/man3/mbrtowc.3 @@ -32,9 +32,9 @@ multibyte character, converts it to a wide character and stores it at \fI*pwc\fP. It updates the shift state \fI*ps\fP. If the converted wide -character is not L\'\\0\', it returns the number of bytes that were consumed +character is not L\(aq\\0\(aq, it returns the number of bytes that were consumed from \fIs\fP. -If the converted wide character is L\'\\0\', it resets the shift +If the converted wide character is L\(aq\\0\(aq, it resets the shift state \fI*ps\fP to the initial state and returns 0. .PP If the \fIn\fP bytes starting at \fIs\fP do not contain a complete multibyte @@ -87,9 +87,9 @@ memset(&a, 0, sizeof(a)); The .BR mbrtowc () function returns the number of bytes parsed from the -multibyte sequence starting at \fIs\fP, if a non-L\'\\0\' wide character +multibyte sequence starting at \fIs\fP, if a non-L\(aq\\0\(aq wide character was recognized. -It returns 0, if a L\'\\0\' wide character was recognized. +It returns 0, if a L\(aq\\0\(aq wide character was recognized. It returns .I (size_t)\ \-1 and sets \fIerrno\fP to \fBEILSEQ\fP, if an invalid multibyte sequence was diff --git a/man3/mbsnrtowcs.3 b/man3/mbsnrtowcs.3 index c9647b536..3ce58f198 100644 --- a/man3/mbsnrtowcs.3 +++ b/man3/mbsnrtowcs.3 @@ -54,17 +54,20 @@ is left pointing to the invalid multibyte sequence, is returned, and \fIerrno\fP is set to \fBEILSEQ\fP. .IP 2. -The \fInms\fP limit forces a stop, or \fIlen\fP non-L\'\\0\' wide characters +The \fInms\fP limit forces a stop, +or \fIlen\fP non-L\(aq\\0\(aq wide characters have been stored at \fIdest\fP. In this case \fI*src\fP is left pointing to the next multibyte sequence to be converted, and the number of wide characters written to \fIdest\fP is returned. .IP 3. The multibyte string has been completely converted, including the -terminating \'\\0\' (which has the side effect of bringing back \fI*ps\fP to the +terminating \(aq\\0\(aq +(which has the side effect of bringing back \fI*ps\fP to the initial state). In this case \fI*src\fP is set to NULL, and the number of wide -characters written to \fIdest\fP, excluding the terminating L\'\\0\' character, +characters written to \fIdest\fP, +excluding the terminating L\(aq\\0\(aq character, is returned. .PP If \fIdest\fP is NULL, \fIlen\fP is ignored, and the conversion proceeds as diff --git a/man3/mbsrtowcs.3 b/man3/mbsrtowcs.3 index 0436b2381..cc64b878e 100644 --- a/man3/mbsrtowcs.3 +++ b/man3/mbsrtowcs.3 @@ -44,19 +44,19 @@ is left pointing to the invalid multibyte sequence, is returned, and \fIerrno\fP is set to \fBEILSEQ\fP. .IP 2. -\fIlen\fP non-L\'\\0\' wide characters have been stored at \fIdest\fP. +\fIlen\fP non-L\(aq\\0\(aq wide characters have been stored at \fIdest\fP. In this case \fI*src\fP is left pointing to the next multibyte sequence to be converted, and the number of wide characters written to \fIdest\fP is returned. .IP 3. The multibyte string has been completely converted, including the -terminating \'\\0\' (which has the side +terminating \(aq\\0\(aq (which has the side effect of bringing back \fI*ps\fP to the initial state). In this case \fI*src\fP is set to NULL, and the number of wide characters written to \fIdest\fP, -excluding the terminating L\'\\0\' character, is returned. +excluding the terminating L\(aq\\0\(aq character, is returned. .PP If \fIdest\fP is NULL, \fIlen\fP is ignored, and the conversion proceeds as above, diff --git a/man3/mbstowcs.3 b/man3/mbstowcs.3 index 471fd35da..35f75f142 100644 --- a/man3/mbstowcs.3 +++ b/man3/mbstowcs.3 @@ -36,15 +36,15 @@ In this case .I (size_t)\ \-1 is returned. .IP 2. -\fIn\fP non-L\'\\0\' wide characters have been stored at \fIdest\fP. +\fIn\fP non-L\(aq\\0\(aq wide characters have been stored at \fIdest\fP. In this case the number of wide characters written to \fIdest\fP is returned, but the shift state at this point is lost. .IP 3. The multibyte string has been completely converted, including the -terminating \'\\0\'. +terminating \(aq\\0\(aq. In this case the number of wide characters written to -\fIdest\fP, excluding the terminating L\'\\0\' character, is returned. +\fIdest\fP, excluding the terminating L\(aq\\0\(aq character, is returned. .PP The programmer must ensure that there is room for at least \fIn\fP wide characters at \fIdest\fP. diff --git a/man3/mbtowc.3 b/man3/mbtowc.3 index 5fb9c80f4..5daa12b75 100644 --- a/man3/mbtowc.3 +++ b/man3/mbtowc.3 @@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ multibyte character, converts it to a wide character and stores it at \fI*pwc\fP. It updates an internal shift state only known to the mbtowc function. -If \fIs\fP does not point to a \'\\0\' byte, it returns the number +If \fIs\fP does not point to a \(aq\\0\(aq byte, it returns the number of bytes that were consumed from \fIs\fP, otherwise it returns 0. .PP If the \fIn\fP bytes starting at \fIs\fP do not contain a complete multibyte diff --git a/man3/perror.3 b/man3/perror.3 index 0fc692bf7..6e0fa3523 100644 --- a/man3/perror.3 +++ b/man3/perror.3 @@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ First (if .I s is not NULL and .I *s -is not a null byte (\'\\0\')) the argument string +is not a null byte (\(aq\\0\(aq)) the argument string .I s is printed, followed by a colon and a blank. Then the message and a new-line. diff --git a/man3/printf.3 b/man3/printf.3 index 63dded210..3f5d1bc6a 100644 --- a/man3/printf.3 +++ b/man3/printf.3 @@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ and .BR vsnprintf () write at most .I size -bytes (including the trailing null byte (\'\e0\')) to +bytes (including the trailing null byte (\(aq\e0\(aq)) to .IR str . .PP The functions @@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ the variable-length argument facilities of are converted for output. .SS "Return value" Upon successful return, these functions return the number of characters -printed (not including the trailing \'\e0\' used to end output to strings). +printed (not including the trailing \(aq\e0\(aq used to end output to strings). The functions .BR snprintf () @@ -141,9 +141,9 @@ and .BR vsnprintf () do not write more than .I size -bytes (including the trailing \'\e0\'). +bytes (including the trailing \(aq\e0\(aq). If the output was truncated due to this limit then the return value -is the number of characters (not including the trailing \'\e0\') +is the number of characters (not including the trailing \(aq\e0\(aq) which would have been written to the final string if enough space had been available. Thus, a return value of diff --git a/man3/putenv.3 b/man3/putenv.3 index fe4fa1283..23a64c929 100644 --- a/man3/putenv.3 +++ b/man3/putenv.3 @@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ one in libc4, libc5 and glibc 2.0 is not, but the glibc 2.1 version is. .LP Description for libc4, libc5, glibc: If the argument \fIstring\fP is of the form \fIname\fP, -and does not contain an \'=\' character, then the variable \fIname\fP +and does not contain an \(aq=\(aq character, then the variable \fIname\fP is removed from the environment. If .BR putenv () diff --git a/man3/puts.3 b/man3/puts.3 index 1882d31e1..5da1e326a 100644 --- a/man3/puts.3 +++ b/man3/puts.3 @@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ writes the string to .IR stream , without its trailing -.BR \'\e0\' . +.BR \(aq\e0\(aq . .PP .BR putc () is equivalent to diff --git a/man3/realpath.3 b/man3/realpath.3 index 229221085..4d8dd02e9 100644 --- a/man3/realpath.3 +++ b/man3/realpath.3 @@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ _BSD_SOURCE || _XOPEN_SOURCE\ >=\ 500 expands all symbolic links and resolves references to .IR "/./" ", " "/../" -and extra \'/\' +and extra \(aq/\(aq characters in the null terminated string named by .I path and stores the canonicalized absolute pathname in the buffer of size diff --git a/man3/regex.3 b/man3/regex.3 index 780fb93d6..1165a084f 100644 --- a/man3/regex.3 +++ b/man3/regex.3 @@ -253,7 +253,7 @@ Invalid use of back reference operator. Invalid use of pattern operators such as group or list. .TP .B REG_BADRPT -Invalid use of repetition operators such as using \'*\' +Invalid use of repetition operators such as using \(aq*\(aq as the first character. .TP .B REG_EBRACE diff --git a/man3/setenv.3 b/man3/setenv.3 index 97fc97fbc..f9bd5bed2 100644 --- a/man3/setenv.3 +++ b/man3/setenv.3 @@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ set to indicate the cause of the error. .TP .B EINVAL .I name -contained an \'=\' character. +contained an \(aq=\(aq character. .SH "CONFORMING TO" 4.3BSD, POSIX.1-2001. .SH "NOTES" @@ -113,11 +113,11 @@ POSIX.1-2001-compliant prototype shown in the SYNOPSIS. .SH BUGS POSIX.1-2001 specifies that if .I name -contains an \'=\' character, then +contains an \(aq=\(aq character, then .BR setenv () should fail with the error .BR EINVAL ; -however, versions of glibc before 2.3.4 allowed an \'=\' sign in +however, versions of glibc before 2.3.4 allowed an \(aq=\(aq sign in .IR name . .SH "SEE ALSO" .BR clearenv (3), diff --git a/man3/stdarg.3 b/man3/stdarg.3 index 03e75f68d..d5c2280d8 100644 --- a/man3/stdarg.3 +++ b/man3/stdarg.3 @@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ foo(va_alist) .in On some systems, .I va_end -contains a closing \'}\' matching a \'{\' in +contains a closing \(aq}\(aq matching a \(aq{\(aq in .IR va_start , so that both macros must occur in the same function, and in a way that allows this. @@ -289,15 +289,15 @@ foo(char *fmt, ...) va_start(ap, fmt); while (*fmt) switch (*fmt++) { - case \'s\': /* string */ + case \(aqs\(aq: /* string */ s = va_arg(ap, char *); printf("string %s\en", s); break; - case \'d\': /* int */ + case \(aqd\(aq: /* int */ d = va_arg(ap, int); printf("int %d\en", d); break; - case \'c\': /* char */ + case \(aqc\(aq: /* char */ /* need a cast here since va_arg only takes fully promoted types */ c = (char) va_arg(ap, int); diff --git a/man3/stpcpy.3 b/man3/stpcpy.3 index 3075b1286..c8dea1656 100644 --- a/man3/stpcpy.3 +++ b/man3/stpcpy.3 @@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ stpcpy \- copy a string returning a pointer to its end The .BR stpcpy () function copies the string pointed to by \fIsrc\fP -(including the terminating \'\\0\' character) to the array pointed to by +(including the terminating \(aq\\0\(aq character) to the array pointed to by \fIdest\fP. The strings may not overlap, and the destination string \fIdest\fP must be large enough to receive the copy. diff --git a/man3/stpncpy.3 b/man3/stpncpy.3 index dc80b72ce..239603a13 100644 --- a/man3/stpncpy.3 +++ b/man3/stpncpy.3 @@ -24,15 +24,16 @@ stpncpy \- copy a fixed-size string, returning a pointer to its end The .BR stpncpy () function copies at most \fIn\fP characters from the string -pointed to by \fIsrc\fP, including the terminating \'\\0\' character, to the -array pointed to by \fIdest\fP. +pointed to by \fIsrc\fP, including the terminating \(aq\\0\(aq character, +to the array pointed to by \fIdest\fP. Exactly \fIn\fP characters are written at \fIdest\fP. If the length \fIstrlen(src)\fP is smaller than \fIn\fP, the remaining characters in the array pointed to by \fIdest\fP are filled -with \'\\0\' characters. +with \(aq\\0\(aq characters. If the length \fIstrlen(src)\fP is greater or equal to -\fIn\fP, the string pointed to by \fIdest\fP will not be \'\\0\' terminated. +\fIn\fP, the string pointed to by \fIdest\fP will +not be \(aq\\0\(aq terminated. .PP The strings may not overlap. .PP diff --git a/man3/strcat.3 b/man3/strcat.3 index 17b92e8d8..cdd0c7a08 100644 --- a/man3/strcat.3 +++ b/man3/strcat.3 @@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ strcat, strncat \- concatenate two strings The .BR strcat () function appends the \fIsrc\fP string to the -\fIdest\fP string, overwriting the null byte (\'\\0\') at the end of +\fIdest\fP string, overwriting the null byte (\(aq\\0\(aq) at the end of \fIdest\fP, and then adds a terminating null byte. The strings may not overlap, and the \fIdest\fP string must have enough space for the result. @@ -79,9 +79,9 @@ strncat(char *dest, const char *src, size_t n) size_t dest_len = strlen(dest); size_t i; - for (i = 0 ; i < n && src[i] != \'\\0\' ; i++) + for (i = 0 ; i < n && src[i] != \(aq\\0\(aq ; i++) dest[dest_len + i] = src[i]; - dest[dest_len + i] = \'\\0\'; + dest[dest_len + i] = \(aq\\0\(aq; return dest; } diff --git a/man3/strcpy.3 b/man3/strcpy.3 index 3138d158d..1911d6374 100644 --- a/man3/strcpy.3 +++ b/man3/strcpy.3 @@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ strcpy, strncpy \- copy a string The .BR strcpy () function copies the string pointed to by \fIsrc\fP, -including the terminating null byte (\'\\0\'), +including the terminating null byte (\(aq\\0\(aq), to the buffer pointed to by \fIdest\fP. The strings may not overlap, and the destination string \fIdest\fP must be large enough to receive the copy. @@ -78,10 +78,10 @@ char* strncpy(char *dest, const char *src, size_t n){ size_t i; - for (i = 0 ; i < n && src[i] != \'\\0\' ; i++) + for (i = 0 ; i < n && src[i] != \(aq\\0\(aq ; i++) dest[i] = src[i]; for ( ; i < n ; i++) - dest[i] = \'\\0\'; + dest[i] = \(aq\\0\(aq; return dest; } @@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ as follows: strncpy(buf, str, n); if (n > 0) - buf[n - 1]= \'\\0\'; + buf[n - 1]= \(aq\\0\(aq; .fi .in .SH BUGS diff --git a/man3/strdup.3 b/man3/strdup.3 index d60bae6c0..2b0eb6e1f 100644 --- a/man3/strdup.3 +++ b/man3/strdup.3 @@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ The function is similar, but only copies at most \fIn\fP characters. If \fIs\fP is longer than \fIn\fP, only \fIn\fP -characters are copied, and a terminating null byte (\'\\0\') is added. +characters are copied, and a terminating null byte (\(aq\\0\(aq) is added. .BR strdupa () and diff --git a/man3/strfmon.3 b/man3/strfmon.3 index 826ad12b2..021349934 100644 --- a/man3/strfmon.3 +++ b/man3/strfmon.3 @@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ result in the character array \fIs\fP of size \fImax\fP. .PP Ordinary characters in \fIformat\fP are copied to \fIs\fP without conversion. -Conversion specifiers are introduced by a \'%\' +Conversion specifiers are introduced by a \(aq%\(aq character. Immediately following it there can be zero or more of the following flags: @@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ The three conversion characters are .TP .B % (In this case the entire specification must be exactly "%%".) -Put a \'%\' character in the result string. +Put a \(aq%\(aq character in the result string. .TP .B i One argument of type diff --git a/man3/strftime.3 b/man3/strftime.3 index fd2fa0f3b..e91e8802b 100644 --- a/man3/strftime.3 +++ b/man3/strftime.3 @@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ result in the character array \fIs\fP of size \fImax\fP. Ordinary characters placed in the format string are copied to \fIs\fP without conversion. .I "Conversion specifications" -are introduced by a \'%\' +are introduced by a \(aq%\(aq character, and terminated by a .IR "conversion specifier character" , and are replaced in \fIs\fP as follows: @@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ format. (TZ) (Not supported in glibc2.) .TP .B %% -A literal \'%\' character. +A literal \(aq%\(aq character. .PP Some conversion specifications can be modified by preceding the conversion specifier character by the @@ -348,7 +348,7 @@ Glibc provides some extensions for conversion specifications. (These extensions are not specified in POSIX.1-2001, but a few other systems provide similar features.) .\" HP-UX and Tru64 also have features like this. -Between the \'%\' character and the conversion specifier character, +Between the \(aq%\(aq character and the conversion specifier character, an optional .I flag and field diff --git a/man3/strlen.3 b/man3/strlen.3 index 3fc7b64e5..e7e51837a 100644 --- a/man3/strlen.3 +++ b/man3/strlen.3 @@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ strlen \- calculate the length of a string The .BR strlen () function calculates the length of the string -\fIs\fP, not including the terminating \'\\0\' character. +\fIs\fP, not including the terminating \(aq\\0\(aq character. .SH "RETURN VALUE" The .BR strlen () diff --git a/man3/strnlen.3 b/man3/strnlen.3 index 5b13502cb..57b13c351 100644 --- a/man3/strnlen.3 +++ b/man3/strnlen.3 @@ -23,8 +23,8 @@ strnlen \- determine the length of a fixed-size string The .BR strnlen () function returns the number of characters in the string -pointed to by \fIs\fP, not including the terminating \'\\0\' character, but -at most \fImaxlen\fP. +pointed to by \fIs\fP, not including the terminating \(aq\\0\(aq character, +but at most \fImaxlen\fP. In doing this, .BR strnlen () looks only at the first @@ -33,7 +33,8 @@ looks only at the first The .BR strnlen () function returns \fIstrlen(s)\fP, if that is less than -\fImaxlen\fP, or \fImaxlen\fP if there is no \'\\0\' character among the first +\fImaxlen\fP, or \fImaxlen\fP +if there is no \(aq\\0\(aq character among the first \fImaxlen\fP characters pointed to by \fIs\fP. .SH "CONFORMING TO" This function is a GNU extension. diff --git a/man3/strptime.3 b/man3/strptime.3 index 559bbd708..e10c5aaa0 100644 --- a/man3/strptime.3 +++ b/man3/strptime.3 @@ -307,11 +307,12 @@ or .B _GNU_SOURCE are defined. .PP -Before libc 5.4.13 whitespace (and the \'n\' and \'t\' specifications) -was not handled, no \'E\' and \'O\' locale modifier characters were accepted, -and the \'C\' specification was a synonym for the \'c\' specification. +Before libc 5.4.13 whitespace +(and the \(aqn\(aq and \(aqt\(aq specifications) was not handled, +no \(aqE\(aq and \(aqO\(aq locale modifier characters were accepted, +and the \(aqC\(aq specification was a synonym for the \(aqc\(aq specification. .PP -The \'y\' (year in century) specification is taken to specify a year +The \(aqy\(aq (year in century) specification is taken to specify a year in the 20th century by libc4 and libc5. It is taken to be a year in the range 1950-2049 by glibc 2.0. diff --git a/man3/strsep.3 b/man3/strsep.3 index 78a500176..ee3f99ebd 100644 --- a/man3/strsep.3 +++ b/man3/strsep.3 @@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ and does nothing else. Otherwise, this function finds the first token in the string \fI*stringp\fP, where tokens are delimited by symbols in the string \fIdelim\fP. -This token is terminated with a \'\\0\' character +This token is terminated with a \(aq\\0\(aq character (by overwriting the delimiter) and \fI*stringp\fP is updated to point past the token. In case no delimiter was found, the token is taken to be diff --git a/man3/strstr.3 b/man3/strstr.3 index ea0c5d3db..e2415bf6d 100644 --- a/man3/strstr.3 +++ b/man3/strstr.3 @@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ The .BR strstr () function finds the first occurrence of the substring \fIneedle\fP in the string \fIhaystack\fP. -The terminating \'\\0\' characters are not compared. +The terminating \(aq\\0\(aq characters are not compared. The .BR strcasestr () diff --git a/man3/strtod.3 b/man3/strtod.3 index 5ffea8d7a..a943f776d 100644 --- a/man3/strtod.3 +++ b/man3/strtod.3 @@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ representation, respectively. The expected form of the (initial portion of the) string is optional leading white space as recognized by .BR isspace (3), -an optional plus (\'+\') or minus sign (\'\-\') and then either +an optional plus (\(aq+\(aq) or minus sign (\(aq\-\(aq) and then either (i) a decimal number, or (ii) a hexadecimal number, or (iii) an infinity, or (iv) a NAN (not-a-number). .LP @@ -87,8 +87,8 @@ A .I "decimal number" consists of a non-empty sequence of decimal digits possibly containing a radix character (decimal point, locale-dependent, -usually \'.\'), optionally followed by a decimal exponent. -A decimal exponent consists of an \'E\' or \'e\', followed by an +usually \(aq.\(aq), optionally followed by a decimal exponent. +A decimal exponent consists of an \(aqE\(aq or \(aqe\(aq, followed by an optional plus or minus sign, followed by a non-empty sequence of decimal digits, and indicates multiplication by a power of 10. .LP @@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ consists of a "0x" or "0X" followed by a non-empty sequence of hexadecimal digits possibly containing a radix character, optionally followed by a binary exponent. A binary exponent -consists of a \'P\' or \'p\', followed by an optional +consists of a \(aqP\(aq or \(aqp\(aq, followed by an optional plus or minus sign, followed by a non-empty sequence of decimal digits, and indicates multiplication by a power of 2. At least one of radix character and binary exponent must be present. @@ -109,8 +109,8 @@ is either "INF" or "INFINITY", disregarding case. .LP A .I NAN -is "NAN" (disregarding case) optionally followed by \'(\', -a sequence of characters, followed by \')\'. +is "NAN" (disregarding case) optionally followed by \(aq(\(aq, +a sequence of characters, followed by \(aq)\(aq. The character string specifies in an implementation-dependent way the type of NAN. .SH "RETURN VALUE" diff --git a/man3/strtok.3 b/man3/strtok.3 index 1ccafd599..7bf1d427d 100644 --- a/man3/strtok.3 +++ b/man3/strtok.3 @@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[]) An example of the output produced by this program is the following: .PP .nf -$ ./a.out \'a/bbb///cc;xxx:yyy:\' \':;\' \'/\' +$ ./a.out \(aqa/bbb///cc;xxx:yyy:\(aq \(aq:;\(aq \(aq/\(aq 1: a/bbb///cc \-\-> a \-\-> bbb diff --git a/man3/strtol.3 b/man3/strtol.3 index 202e606f0..725febe7e 100644 --- a/man3/strtol.3 +++ b/man3/strtol.3 @@ -59,20 +59,20 @@ which must be between 2 and 36 inclusive, or be the special value 0. The string may begin with an arbitrary amount of white space (as determined by .BR isspace (3)) -followed by a single optional \'+\' or \'\-\' sign. +followed by a single optional \(aq+\(aq or \(aq\-\(aq sign. If \fIbase\fP is zero or 16, the string may then include a "0x" prefix, and the number will be read in base 16; otherwise, a zero \fIbase\fP is taken as 10 (decimal) unless the next character -is \'0\', in which case it is taken as 8 (octal). +is \(aq0\(aq, in which case it is taken as 8 (octal). .PP The remainder of the string is converted to a .I long int value in the obvious manner, stopping at the first character which is not a valid digit in the given base. -(In bases above 10, the letter \'A\' in -either upper or lower case represents 10, \'B\' represents 11, and so -forth, with \'Z\' representing 35.) +(In bases above 10, the letter \(aqA\(aq in +either upper or lower case represents 10, \(aqB\(aq represents 11, and so +forth, with \(aqZ\(aq representing 35.) .PP If \fIendptr\fP is not NULL, .BR strtol () @@ -83,8 +83,8 @@ all, .BR strtol () stores the original value of \fInptr\fP in \fI*endptr\fP (and returns 0). -In particular, if \fI*nptr\fP is not \'\\0\' but \fI**endptr\fP -is \'\\0\' on return, the entire string is valid. +In particular, if \fI*nptr\fP is not \(aq\\0\(aq but \fI**endptr\fP +is \(aq\\0\(aq on return, the entire string is valid. .PP The .BR strtoll () @@ -190,14 +190,14 @@ Some examples of the results produced by this program are the following: $ ./a.out 123 strtol() returned 123 -$ ./a.out \' 123\' +$ ./a.out \(aq 123\(aq strtol() returned 123 $ ./a.out 123abc strtol() returned 123 Further characters after number: abc $ ./a.out 123abc 55 strtol: Invalid argument -$ ./a.out \'\' +$ ./a.out \(aq\(aq No digits were found $ ./a.out 4000000000 strtol: Numerical result out of range @@ -247,7 +247,7 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[]) printf("strtol() returned %ld\\n", val); - if (*endptr != \'\\0\') /* Not necessarily an error... */ + if (*endptr != \(aq\\0\(aq) /* Not necessarily an error... */ printf("Further characters after number: %s\\n", endptr); exit(EXIT_SUCCESS); diff --git a/man3/strtoul.3 b/man3/strtoul.3 index 413bc3f5f..c7eafca82 100644 --- a/man3/strtoul.3 +++ b/man3/strtoul.3 @@ -65,21 +65,21 @@ the special value 0. The string may begin with an arbitrary amount of white space (as determined by .BR isspace (3)) -followed by a single optional \'+\' or \'\-\' +followed by a single optional \(aq+\(aq or \(aq\-\(aq sign. If \fIbase\fP is zero or 16, the string may then include a "0x" prefix, and the number will be read in base 16; otherwise, a zero \fIbase\fP is taken as 10 (decimal) unless the next character -is \'0\', in which case it is taken as 8 (octal). +is \(aq0\(aq, in which case it is taken as 8 (octal). .PP The remainder of the string is converted to an .I "unsigned long int" value in the obvious manner, stopping at the first character which is not a valid digit in the given base. -(In bases above 10, the letter \'A\' in -either upper or lower case represents 10, \'B\' represents 11, and so -forth, with \'Z\' representing 35.) +(In bases above 10, the letter \(aqA\(aq in +either upper or lower case represents 10, \(aqB\(aq represents 11, and so +forth, with \(aqZ\(aq representing 35.) .PP If \fIendptr\fP is not NULL, .BR strtoul () @@ -90,8 +90,8 @@ all, .BR strtoul () stores the original value of \fInptr\fP in \fI*endptr\fP (and returns 0). -In particular, if \fI*nptr\fP is not \'\\0\' but \fI**endptr\fP -is \'\\0\' on return, the entire string is valid. +In particular, if \fI*nptr\fP is not \(aq\\0\(aq but \fI**endptr\fP +is \(aq\\0\(aq on return, the entire string is valid. .PP The .BR strtoull () diff --git a/man3/strxfrm.3 b/man3/strxfrm.3 index e92dc807c..bef6c4394 100644 --- a/man3/strxfrm.3 +++ b/man3/strxfrm.3 @@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ The .BR strxfrm () function returns the number of bytes required to store the transformed string in \fIdest\fP excluding the -terminating \'\\0\' character. +terminating \(aq\\0\(aq character. If the value returned is \fIn\fP or more, the contents of \fIdest\fP are indeterminate. .SH "CONFORMING TO" diff --git a/man3/termios.3 b/man3/termios.3 index 930f02d7c..a1fe929b9 100644 --- a/man3/termios.3 +++ b/man3/termios.3 @@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ queues to be flushed, and if the terminal is the controlling terminal of a foreground process group, it will cause a \fBSIGINT\fP to be sent to this foreground process group. When neither \fBIGNBRK\fP nor \fBBRKINT\fP are set, a BREAK -reads as a null byte (\'\\0\'), except when \fBPARMRK\fP is set, +reads as a null byte (\(aq\\0\(aq), except when \fBPARMRK\fP is set, in which case it reads as the sequence \\377 \\0 \\0. .TP .B IGNPAR @@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ Send fill characters for a delay, rather than using a timed delay. .TP .B OFDEL (not in POSIX) Fill character is ASCII DEL (0177). -If unset, fill character is ASCII NUL (\'\\0\'). +If unset, fill character is ASCII NUL (\(aq\\0\(aq). (Not implemented on Linux.) .TP .B NLDLY diff --git a/man3/ttyslot.3 b/man3/ttyslot.3 index 1f41347e5..681d8c60b 100644 --- a/man3/ttyslot.3 +++ b/man3/ttyslot.3 @@ -56,21 +56,22 @@ in Unix V6, that was read by the .BR init (8) program to find out what to do with each terminal line. Each line consisted of three characters. -The first character was either \'0\' or \'1\', where \'0\' meant "ignore". -The second character denoted the terminal: \'8\' stood for "/dev/tty8". +The first character was either \(aq0\(aq or \(aq1\(aq, +where \(aq0\(aq meant "ignore". +The second character denoted the terminal: \(aq8\(aq stood for "/dev/tty8". The third character was an argument to .BR getty (8) -indicating the sequence of line speeds to try (\'\-\' was: start trying +indicating the sequence of line speeds to try (\(aq\-\(aq was: start trying 110 baud). Thus a typical line was "18\-". -A hang on some line was solved by changing the \'1\' to a \'0\', +A hang on some line was solved by changing the \(aq1\(aq to a \(aq0\(aq, signaling init, changing back again, and signaling init again. .LP In Unix V7 the format was changed: here the second character was the argument to .BR getty (8) -indicating the sequence of line speeds to try (\'0\' was: cycle through -300-1200-150-110 baud; \'4\' was for the on-line console DECwriter) +indicating the sequence of line speeds to try (\(aq0\(aq was: cycle through +300-1200-150-110 baud; \(aq4\(aq was for the on-line console DECwriter) while the rest of the line contained the name of the tty. Thus a typical line was "14console". .LP diff --git a/man3/tzset.3 b/man3/tzset.3 index c8439cc6b..a00903ad7 100644 --- a/man3/tzset.3 +++ b/man3/tzset.3 @@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ format. If \fIfilespec\fP is given, it specifies another .BR tzfile (5)-format file to read the time zone information from. -If \fIfilespec\fP does not begin with a \'/\', the file specification is +If \fIfilespec\fP does not begin with a \(aq/\(aq, the file specification is relative to the system timezone directory. .PP Here's an example, once more for New Zealand: diff --git a/man3/wcpcpy.3 b/man3/wcpcpy.3 index c381fee98..a8dffb597 100644 --- a/man3/wcpcpy.3 +++ b/man3/wcpcpy.3 @@ -28,17 +28,18 @@ function is the wide-character equivalent of the .BR stpcpy (3) function. It copies the wide-character string pointed to by \fIsrc\fP, -including the terminating L\'\\0\' character, to the array pointed to by +including the terminating L\(aq\\0\(aq character, to the array pointed to by \fIdest\fP. .PP The strings may not overlap. .PP -The programmer must ensure that there is room for at least \fIwcslen(src)+1\fP +The programmer must ensure that there +is room for at least \fIwcslen(src)+1\fP wide characters at \fIdest\fP. .SH "RETURN VALUE" .BR wcpcpy () returns a pointer to the end of the wide-character string -\fIdest\fP, that is, a pointer to the terminating L\'\\0\' character. +\fIdest\fP, that is, a pointer to the terminating L\(aq\\0\(aq character. .SH "CONFORMING TO" This function is a GNU extension. .SH "SEE ALSO" diff --git a/man3/wcpncpy.3 b/man3/wcpncpy.3 index 5b35c92e8..76f9c5b34 100644 --- a/man3/wcpncpy.3 +++ b/man3/wcpncpy.3 @@ -30,16 +30,17 @@ of the .BR stpncpy (3) function. It copies at most \fIn\fP wide characters from the wide-character -string pointed to by \fIsrc\fP, including the terminating L\'\\0\' character, +string pointed to by \fIsrc\fP, +including the terminating L\(aq\\0\(aq character, to the array pointed to by \fIdest\fP. Exactly \fIn\fP wide characters are written at \fIdest\fP. If the length \fIwcslen(src)\fP is smaller than \fIn\fP, the remaining wide characters in the array pointed to -by \fIdest\fP are filled with L\'\\0\' characters. +by \fIdest\fP are filled with L\(aq\\0\(aq characters. If the length \fIwcslen(src)\fP is greater or equal to \fIn\fP, the string pointed to by \fIdest\fP will -not be L\'\\0\' terminated. +not be L\(aq\\0\(aq terminated. .PP The strings may not overlap. .PP diff --git a/man3/wcrtomb.3 b/man3/wcrtomb.3 index e5333239f..0836ba61b 100644 --- a/man3/wcrtomb.3 +++ b/man3/wcrtomb.3 @@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ wcrtomb \- convert a wide character to a multibyte sequence .SH DESCRIPTION The main case for this function is when \fIs\fP is not NULL and \fIwc\fP is not -L\'\\0\'. +L\(aq\\0\(aq. In this case, the .BR wcrtomb () function @@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ returns the length of said multibyte representation, that is, the number of bytes written at \fIs\fP. .PP -A different case is when \fIs\fP is not NULL but \fIwc\fP is L\'\\0\'. +A different case is when \fIs\fP is not NULL but \fIwc\fP is L\(aq\\0\(aq. In this case the .BR wcrtomb () @@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ function stores at the character array pointed to by \fIs\fP the shift sequence needed to bring \fI*ps\fP back to the initial state, -followed by a \'\\0\' byte. +followed by a \(aq\\0\(aq byte. It updates the shift state \fI*ps\fP (i.e., brings it into the initial state), and returns the length of the shift sequence plus @@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ one, that is, the number of bytes written at \fIs\fP. .PP A third case is when \fIs\fP is NULL. In this case \fIwc\fP is ignored, -and the function effectively returns wcrtomb(buf,L\'\\0\',\fIps\fP) where +and the function effectively returns wcrtomb(buf,L\(aq\\0\(aq,\fIps\fP) where buf is an internal anonymous buffer. .PP In all of the above cases, if \fIps\fP is a NULL pointer, a static anonymous diff --git a/man3/wcscat.3 b/man3/wcscat.3 index 97fadbb3c..7c635a9f6 100644 --- a/man3/wcscat.3 +++ b/man3/wcscat.3 @@ -28,8 +28,8 @@ of the .BR strcat (3) function. It copies the wide-character string pointed to by \fIsrc\fP, -including the terminating L\'\\0\' character, to the end of the wide-character -string pointed to by \fIdest\fP. +including the terminating L\(aq\\0\(aq character, +to the end of the wide-character string pointed to by \fIdest\fP. .PP The strings may not overlap. .PP diff --git a/man3/wcscpy.3 b/man3/wcscpy.3 index 34c13ef97..64fb6feef 100644 --- a/man3/wcscpy.3 +++ b/man3/wcscpy.3 @@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ of the .BR strcpy (3) function. It copies the wide-character string pointed to by \fIsrc\fP, -including the terminating L\'\\0\' character, to the array pointed to by +including the terminating L\(aq\\0\(aq character, to the array pointed to by \fIdest\fP. .PP The strings may not overlap. diff --git a/man3/wcslen.3 b/man3/wcslen.3 index 4802e29b8..a9e376ea7 100644 --- a/man3/wcslen.3 +++ b/man3/wcslen.3 @@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ of the .BR strlen (3) function. It determines the length of the wide-character string pointed to -by \fIs\fP, not including the terminating L\'\\0\' character. +by \fIs\fP, not including the terminating L\(aq\\0\(aq character. .SH "RETURN VALUE" The .BR wcslen () diff --git a/man3/wcsncat.3 b/man3/wcsncat.3 index 922647f83..e22c7ebfc 100644 --- a/man3/wcsncat.3 +++ b/man3/wcsncat.3 @@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ function is the wide-character equivalent of the function. It copies at most \fIn\fP wide characters from the wide-character string pointed to by \fIsrc\fP to the end of the wide-character string pointed -to by \fIdest\fP, and adds a terminating L\'\\0\' character. +to by \fIdest\fP, and adds a terminating L\(aq\\0\(aq character. .PP The strings may not overlap. .PP diff --git a/man3/wcsncmp.3 b/man3/wcsncmp.3 index 7fd26600c..33121d21a 100644 --- a/man3/wcsncmp.3 +++ b/man3/wcsncmp.3 @@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ It compares the wide-character string pointed to by \fIs1\fP and the wide-character string pointed to by \fIs2\fP, but at most \fIn\fP wide characters from each string. In each string, the comparison extends only up -to the first occurrence of a L\'\\0\' character, if any. +to the first occurrence of a L\(aq\\0\(aq character, if any. .SH "RETURN VALUE" The .BR wcsncmp () diff --git a/man3/wcsncpy.3 b/man3/wcsncpy.3 index d3e2ac634..445113bed 100644 --- a/man3/wcsncpy.3 +++ b/man3/wcsncpy.3 @@ -27,17 +27,18 @@ function is the wide-character equivalent of the .BR strncpy (3) function. It copies at most \fIn\fP wide characters from the wide-character -string pointed to by \fIsrc\fP, including the terminating L\'\\0\' character, +string pointed to by \fIsrc\fP, +including the terminating L\(aq\\0\(aq character, to the array pointed to by \fIdest\fP. Exactly \fIn\fP wide characters are written at \fIdest\fP. If the length \fIwcslen(src)\fP is smaller than \fIn\fP, the remaining wide characters in the array pointed to by \fIdest\fP are filled -with L\'\\0\' characters. +with L\(aq\\0\(aq characters. If the length \fIwcslen(src)\fP is greater or equal to \fIn\fP, the string pointed to by \fIdest\fP -will not be L\'\\0\' terminated. +will not be L\(aq\\0\(aq terminated. .PP The strings may not overlap. .PP diff --git a/man3/wcsnlen.3 b/man3/wcsnlen.3 index f61a25a6f..0d21a3fd7 100644 --- a/man3/wcsnlen.3 +++ b/man3/wcsnlen.3 @@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ of the .BR strnlen (3) function. It returns the number of wide-characters in the string pointed to by -\fIs\fP, not including the terminating L\'\\0\' character, but at most +\fIs\fP, not including the terminating L\(aq\\0\(aq character, but at most \fImaxlen\fP. In doing this, .BR wcsnlen () @@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ wide-characters at \fIs\fP and never beyond \fIs+maxlen\fP. The .BR wcsnlen () function returns \fIwcslen(s)\fP, if that is less than -\fImaxlen\fP, or \fImaxlen\fP if there is no L\'\\0\' character among the +\fImaxlen\fP, or \fImaxlen\fP if there is no L\(aq\\0\(aq character among the first \fImaxlen\fP wide characters pointed to by \fIs\fP. .SH "CONFORMING TO" This function is a GNU extension. diff --git a/man3/wcsnrtombs.3 b/man3/wcsnrtombs.3 index f0e44c14d..20094f11a 100644 --- a/man3/wcsnrtombs.3 +++ b/man3/wcsnrtombs.3 @@ -58,17 +58,17 @@ is returned, and \fIerrno\fP is set to \fBEILSEQ\fP. .PP 2. \fInwc\fP wide characters have been -converted without encountering a L\'\\0\', +converted without encountering a L\(aq\\0\(aq, or the length limit forces a stop. In this case \fI*src\fP is left pointing to the next wide character to be converted, and the number of bytes written to \fIdest\fP is returned. .PP 3. The wide-character string has been completely converted, including the -terminating L\'\\0\' (which has the side effect of bringing back \fI*ps\fP +terminating L\(aq\\0\(aq (which has the side effect of bringing back \fI*ps\fP to the initial state). In this case \fI*src\fP is set to NULL, and the number -of bytes written to \fIdest\fP, excluding the terminating \'\\0\' byte, is +of bytes written to \fIdest\fP, excluding the terminating \(aq\\0\(aq byte, is returned. .PP If \fIdest\fP is NULL, \fIlen\fP is ignored, diff --git a/man3/wcsrtombs.3 b/man3/wcsrtombs.3 index 5dced3470..841171922 100644 --- a/man3/wcsrtombs.3 +++ b/man3/wcsrtombs.3 @@ -57,10 +57,10 @@ and the number of bytes written to \fIdest\fP is returned. .PP 3. The wide-character string has been completely converted, including the -terminating L\'\\0\' (which has the side effect of bringing back \fI*ps\fP +terminating L\(aq\\0\(aq (which has the side effect of bringing back \fI*ps\fP to the initial state). In this case \fI*src\fP is set to NULL, and the number -of bytes written to \fIdest\fP, excluding the terminating \'\\0\' byte, is +of bytes written to \fIdest\fP, excluding the terminating \(aq\\0\(aq byte, is returned. .PP If \fIdest\fP is NULL, \fIlen\fP is ignored, diff --git a/man3/wcsstr.3 b/man3/wcsstr.3 index a693ac397..731ca03b2 100644 --- a/man3/wcsstr.3 +++ b/man3/wcsstr.3 @@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ function is the wide-character equivalent of the .BR strstr (3) function. It searches for the first occurrence of the wide-character string -\fIneedle\fP (without its terminating L\'\\0\' character) as a substring in +\fIneedle\fP (without its terminating L\(aq\\0\(aq character) as a substring in the wide-character string \fIhaystack\fP. .SH "RETURN VALUE" The diff --git a/man3/wcstok.3 b/man3/wcstok.3 index fa9a51962..3fa546d84 100644 --- a/man3/wcstok.3 +++ b/man3/wcstok.3 @@ -48,7 +48,8 @@ Otherwise, the function recognizes the beginning of a token and returns a pointer to it, but before doing that, it zero-terminates the token by replacing the next wide-character which occurs in \fIdelim\fP with -a L\'\\0\' character, and it updates \fI*ptr\fP so that subsequent calls will +a L\(aq\\0\(aq character, +and it updates \fI*ptr\fP so that subsequent calls will continue searching after the end of recognized token. .SH "RETURN VALUE" The diff --git a/man3/wcstombs.3 b/man3/wcstombs.3 index 2947a8ec2..0516f353a 100644 --- a/man3/wcstombs.3 +++ b/man3/wcstombs.3 @@ -42,10 +42,10 @@ In this case the number of bytes written to \fIdest\fP is returned, but the shift state at this point is lost. .PP 3. The wide-character string has been completely converted, including the -terminating L\'\\0\'. +terminating L\(aq\\0\(aq. In this case the conversion ends in the initial state. -The number of bytes written to \fIdest\fP, excluding the terminating \'\\0\' -byte, is returned. +The number of bytes written to \fIdest\fP, +excluding the terminating \(aq\\0\(aq byte, is returned. .PP The programmer must ensure that there is room for at least \fIn\fP bytes at \fIdest\fP. diff --git a/man3/wcwidth.3 b/man3/wcwidth.3 index 08300f0a4..9707ae997 100644 --- a/man3/wcwidth.3 +++ b/man3/wcwidth.3 @@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ function returns the number of columns needed to represent the wide character \fIc\fP. If \fIc\fP is a printable wide character, the value is at least 0. -If \fIc\fP is L\'\\0\', the value is 0. +If \fIc\fP is L\(aq\\0\(aq, the value is 0. Otherwise \-1 is returned. .SH "RETURN VALUE" The diff --git a/man4/console_codes.4 b/man4/console_codes.4 index 5d65b18b8..c0b1f89d9 100644 --- a/man4/console_codes.4 +++ b/man4/console_codes.4 @@ -306,8 +306,8 @@ where \fIx,y\fP is the cursor location. .\" These are not described in ECMA-48. We list the Set Mode sequences; -the Reset Mode sequences are obtained by replacing the final \'h\' -by \'l\'. +the Reset Mode sequences are obtained by replacing the final \(aqh\(aq +by \(aql\(aq. .TP ESC [ ? 1 h DECCKM (default off): When set, the cursor keys send an ESC O prefix, @@ -418,7 +418,7 @@ daemon. The mouse tracking escape sequences generated by \fIxterm\fP encode numeric parameters in a single character as \fIvalue\fP+040. -For example, \'!\' is 1. +For example, \(aq!\(aq is 1. The screen coordinate system is 1-based. .PP The X10 compatibility mode sends an escape sequence on button press diff --git a/man4/dsp56k.4 b/man4/dsp56k.4 index 89037b8ad..0ecd71d2d 100644 --- a/man4/dsp56k.4 +++ b/man4/dsp56k.4 @@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ Allowed values are in the range 1 to 4, and is the number of bytes that will be received at a time from the DSP56001. These data quantities will either truncated, or padded with -a null byte (\'\\0\') to fit the native 24-bit data format of the DSP56001. +a null byte (\(aq\\0\(aq) to fit the native 24-bit data format of the DSP56001. .IP \fBDSP56K_HOST_FLAGS\fP read and write the host flags. The host flags are four diff --git a/man4/mouse.4 b/man4/mouse.4 index 4846ef52b..29b4da07b 100644 --- a/man4/mouse.4 +++ b/man4/mouse.4 @@ -47,9 +47,9 @@ This is the specification, in fact 9 V suffices with most mice. .PP The mouse driver can recognize a mouse by dropping RTS to low and raising it again. -About 14 ms later the mouse will send 0x4D (\'M\') on the data line. +About 14 ms later the mouse will send 0x4D (\(aqM\(aq) on the data line. After a further 63 ms, a Microsoft-compatible 3-button mouse will send -0x33 (\'3\'). +0x33 (\(aq3\(aq). .PP The relative mouse movement is sent as \fIdx\fP (positive means right) and \fIdy\fP (positive means down). diff --git a/man4/tty_ioctl.4 b/man4/tty_ioctl.4 index b9ac3d7a6..0f75a103e 100644 --- a/man4/tty_ioctl.4 +++ b/man4/tty_ioctl.4 @@ -292,7 +292,7 @@ otherwise). In packet mode, each subsequent .BR read (2) will return a packet that either contains a single non-zero control byte, -or has a single byte containing zero (\'\0\') followed by data +or has a single byte containing zero (\(aq\0\(aq) followed by data written on the slave side of the pty. If the first byte is not .B TIOCPKT_DATA @@ -304,9 +304,9 @@ TIOCPKT_FLUSHREAD The read queue for the terminal is flushed. TIOCPKT_FLUSHWRITE The write queue for the terminal is flushed. TIOCPKT_STOP Output to the terminal is stopped. TIOCPKT_START Output to the terminal is restarted. -TIOCPKT_DOSTOP t_stopc is \'^S\' and t_startc is \'^Q\'. +TIOCPKT_DOSTOP t_stopc is \(aq^S\(aq and t_startc is \(aq^Q\(aq. TIOCPKT_NOSTOP The start and stop characters are not - \'^S\'/\'^Q\'. + \(aq^S\(aq/\(aq^Q\(aq. .fi While this mode is in use, the presence @@ -319,7 +319,8 @@ This mode is used by .BR rlogin (1) and .BR rlogind (8) -to implement a remote-echoed, locally \`^S\'/\'^Q\' flow-controlled remote login. +to implement a remote-echoed, +locally \`^S\(aq/\(aq^Q\(aq flow-controlled remote login. The BSD ioctls .BR TIOCSTOP , diff --git a/man4/vcs.4 b/man4/vcs.4 index 97503ee1d..b08801f40 100644 --- a/man4/vcs.4 +++ b/man4/vcs.4 @@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ main(void) if (attrib & mask) ch |= 0x100; attrib = ((s & ~mask) >> 8); - printf("ch=\'%c\' attrib=0x%02x\\n", ch, attrib); + printf("ch=\(aq%c\(aq attrib=0x%02x\\n", ch, attrib); attrib ^= 0x10; (void) lseek(fd, \-1, 1); (void) write(fd, &attrib, 1); diff --git a/man5/core.5 b/man5/core.5 index c1b47f837..a5ace121e 100644 --- a/man5/core.5 +++ b/man5/core.5 @@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ core filename, as is the combination of a % followed by any character other than those listed above. All other characters in the template become a literal part of the core filename. -The template may include \'/\' characters, which are interpreted +The template may include \(aq/\(aq characters, which are interpreted as delimiters for directory names. The maximum size of the resulting core filename is 64 bytes. The default value in this file is "core". diff --git a/man5/elf.5 b/man5/elf.5 index ff4e861b2..b8471b9ac 100644 --- a/man5/elf.5 +++ b/man5/elf.5 @@ -183,19 +183,19 @@ It must be filled with The second byte of the magic number. It must be filled with .BR ELFMAG1 . -(1: \'E\') +(1: \(aqE\(aq) .TP .BR EI_MAG2 The third byte of the magic number. It must be filled with .BR ELFMAG2 . -(2: \'L\') +(2: \(aqL\(aq) .TP .BR EI_MAG3 The fourth byte of the magic number. It must be filled with .BR ELFMAG3 . -(3: \'F\') +(3: \(aqF\(aq) .TP .BR EI_CLASS The fifth byte identifies the architecture for this binary: @@ -1437,7 +1437,7 @@ and section names. One references a string as an index into the string table section. The first byte, which is index zero, is defined to hold -a null byte (\'\\0\'). +a null byte (\(aq\\0\(aq). Similarly, a string table's last byte is defined to hold a null byte, ensuring null termination for all strings. .PP diff --git a/man5/host.conf.5 b/man5/host.conf.5 index 7d115d5cd..f0ed11b02 100644 --- a/man5/host.conf.5 +++ b/man5/host.conf.5 @@ -45,8 +45,8 @@ Valid methods are .I trim This keyword may be listed more than once. Each time it should be -followed by a list of domains, separated by colons (\':\'), semicolons -(\';\') or commas (\',\'), with the leading dot. +followed by a list of domains, separated by colons (\(aq:\(aq), semicolons +(\(aq;\(aq) or commas (\(aq,\(aq), with the leading dot. When set, the resolv+ library will automatically trim the given domain name from the end of any hostname resolved via DNS. @@ -166,13 +166,13 @@ Overrides the command. .TP .B RESOLV_ADD_TRIM_DOMAINS -A list of domains, separated by colons (\':\'), semicolons (\';\') or -commas (\',\'), with the leading dot, which will be added to the list of +A list of domains, separated by colons (\(aq:\(aq), semicolons (\(aq;\(aq) or +commas (\(aq,\(aq), with the leading dot, which will be added to the list of domains that should be trimmed. .TP .B RESOLV_OVERRIDE_TRIM_DOMAINS -A list of domains, separated by colons (\':\'), semicolons (\';\') or -commas (\',\'), with the leading dot, which will replace the list of +A list of domains, separated by colons (\(aq:\(aq), semicolons (\(aq;\(aq) or +commas (\(aq,\(aq), with the leading dot, which will replace the list of domains that should be trimmed. Overrides the .I trim diff --git a/man5/nscd.conf.5 b/man5/nscd.conf.5 index 7be1ade43..e564b34e4 100644 --- a/man5/nscd.conf.5 +++ b/man5/nscd.conf.5 @@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ Each line specifies either an attribute and a value, or an attribute, service, and a value. Fields are separated either by SPACE or TAB characters. -A \'#\' (number sign) indicates the beginning of a +A \(aq#\(aq (number sign) indicates the beginning of a comment; following characters, up to the end of the line, are not interpreted by nscd. diff --git a/man5/passwd.5 b/man5/passwd.5 index aad6510b4..2c7a18084 100644 --- a/man5/passwd.5 +++ b/man5/passwd.5 @@ -75,10 +75,10 @@ the name of the user on the system. It should not contain capital letters. .TP .I password -the encrypted user password, an asterisk (*), or the letter \'x\'. +the encrypted user password, an asterisk (*), or the letter \(aqx\(aq. (See .BR pwconv (8) -for an explanation of \'x\'.) +for an explanation of \(aqx\(aq.) .TP .I UID the numerical user ID. diff --git a/man5/proc.5 b/man5/proc.5 index 829e7ef9b..dceaaf707 100644 --- a/man5/proc.5 +++ b/man5/proc.5 @@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ are not available if the main thread has already terminated .TP .I /proc/[number]/environ This file contains the environment for the process. -The entries are separated by null bytes (\'\\0\'), +The entries are separated by null bytes (\(aq\\0\(aq), and there may be a null bytes at the end. Thus, to print out the environment of process 1, you would do: @@ -1846,7 +1846,7 @@ This is useful for analyzing virtual memory behavior. .\" FIXME more should be said about /proc/zoneinfo .SH NOTES Many strings (i.e., the environment and command line) are in -the internal format, with sub-fields terminated by null bytes (\'\\0\'), +the internal format, with sub-fields terminated by null bytes (\(aq\\0\(aq), so you may find that things are more readable if you use \fIod \-c\fP or \fItr "\\000" "\\n"\fP to read them. diff --git a/man5/resolv.conf.5 b/man5/resolv.conf.5 index 7e1eb5f4e..b2532eda7 100644 --- a/man5/resolv.conf.5 +++ b/man5/resolv.conf.5 @@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ relative to the local domain. If no \fBdomain\fP entry is present, the domain is determined from the local host name returned by .BR gethostname (2); -the domain part is taken to be everything after the first \'.\'. +the domain part is taken to be everything after the first \(aq.\(aq. Finally, if the host name does not contain a domain part, the root domain is assumed. .TP diff --git a/man5/rpc.5 b/man5/rpc.5 index ccfc9242d..2c133c2ea 100644 --- a/man5/rpc.5 +++ b/man5/rpc.5 @@ -25,8 +25,8 @@ aliases .LP Items are separated by any number of blanks and/or tab characters. -A \'#\' indicates the beginning of a comment; characters from -the \'#\' to the end of the line are not interpreted by routines +A \(aq#\(aq indicates the beginning of a comment; characters from +the \(aq#\(aq to the end of the line are not interpreted by routines which search the file. .LP Here is an example of the \fI/etc/rpc\fP file from the Sun RPC Source diff --git a/man5/termcap.5 b/man5/termcap.5 index e3c63e0ac..48d735f54 100644 --- a/man5/termcap.5 +++ b/man5/termcap.5 @@ -49,11 +49,11 @@ The termcap database is indexed on the .B TERM environment variable. .LP -Termcap entries must be defined on a single logical line, with \'\\\' +Termcap entries must be defined on a single logical line, with \(aq\\\(aq used to suppress the newline. -Fields are separated by \':\'. +Fields are separated by \(aq:\(aq. The first field of each entry starts at the left-hand margin, -and contains a list of names for the terminal, separated by \'|\'. +and contains a list of names for the terminal, separated by \(aq|\(aq. .LP The first subfield may (in BSD termcap entries from versions 4.3 and prior) contain a short name consisting of two characters. @@ -377,9 +377,10 @@ XF XOFF character if not ^S .LP There are several ways of defining the control codes for string capabilities: .LP -Every normal character represents itself, except \'^\',\'\e\' and \'%\'. +Every normal character represents itself, +except \(aq^\(aq,\(aq\e\(aq and \(aq%\(aq. .LP -A \'^x\' means Control-x. +A \(aq^x\(aq means Control-x. Control-A equals 1 decimal. .LP \ex means a special code. @@ -411,7 +412,7 @@ Do ASCII output of this parameter with a field with of 2 .IP d Do ASCII output of this parameter with a field with of 3 .IP % -Print a \'%\' +Print a \(aq%\(aq .LP If you use binary output, then you should avoid the null character because it terminates the string. diff --git a/man5/utmp.5 b/man5/utmp.5 index 2ed039778..e43d9b7ba 100644 --- a/man5/utmp.5 +++ b/man5/utmp.5 @@ -115,7 +115,8 @@ This structure gives the name of the special file associated with the user's terminal, the user's login name, and the time of login in the form of .BR time (2). -String fields are terminated by \fB\'\e0\'\fP if they are shorter than the size +String fields are terminated by \fB\(aq\e0\(aq\fP +if they are shorter than the size of the field. .PP The first entries ever created result from diff --git a/man7/ascii.7 b/man7/ascii.7 index 713a0f9fe..e48486a28 100644 --- a/man7/ascii.7 +++ b/man7/ascii.7 @@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ The international counterpart of ASCII is known as ISO 646. .LP The following table contains the 128 ASCII characters. .LP -C program \f(CW\'\eX\'\fP escapes are noted. +C program \f(CW\(aq\eX\(aq\fP escapes are noted. .if t \{\ .in 1i .ft CW @@ -52,20 +52,20 @@ C program \f(CW\'\eX\'\fP escapes are noted. l l l l l l l l. Oct Dec Hex Char Oct Dec Hex Char _ -000 0 00 NUL \'\e0\' 100 64 40 @ +000 0 00 NUL \(aq\e0\(aq 100 64 40 @ 001 1 01 SOH (start of heading) 101 65 41 A 002 2 02 STX (start of text) 102 66 42 B 003 3 03 ETX (end of text) 103 67 43 C 004 4 04 EOT (end of transmission) 104 68 44 D 005 5 05 ENQ (enquiry) 105 69 45 E 006 6 06 ACK (acknowledge) 106 70 46 F -007 7 07 BEL \'\ea\' (bell) 107 71 47 G -010 8 08 BS \'\eb\' (backspace) 110 72 48 H -011 9 09 HT \'\et\' (horizontal tab) 111 73 49 I -012 10 0A LF \'\en\' (new line) 112 74 4A J -013 11 0B VT \'\ev\' (vertical tab) 113 75 4B K -014 12 0C FF \'\ef\' (form feed) 114 76 4C L -015 13 0D CR \'\er\' (carriage ret) 115 77 4D M +007 7 07 BEL \(aq\ea\(aq (bell) 107 71 47 G +010 8 08 BS \(aq\eb\(aq (backspace) 110 72 48 H +011 9 09 HT \(aq\et\(aq (horizontal tab) 111 73 49 I +012 10 0A LF \(aq\en\(aq (new line) 112 74 4A J +013 11 0B VT \(aq\ev\(aq (vertical tab) 113 75 4B K +014 12 0C FF \(aq\ef\(aq (form feed) 114 76 4C L +015 13 0D CR \(aq\er\(aq (carriage ret) 115 77 4D M 016 14 0E SO (shift out) 116 78 4E N 017 15 0F SI (shift in) 117 79 4F O 020 16 10 DLE (data link escape) 120 80 50 P @@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ _ 031 25 19 EM (end of medium) 131 89 59 Y 032 26 1A SUB (substitute) 132 90 5A Z 033 27 1B ESC (escape) 133 91 5B [ -034 28 1C FS (file separator) 134 92 5C \e \'\e\e\' +034 28 1C FS (file separator) 134 92 5C \e \(aq\e\e\(aq 035 29 1D GS (group separator) 135 93 5D ] 036 30 1E RS (record separator) 136 94 5E ^ 037 31 1F US (unit separator) 137 95 5F \&_ diff --git a/man7/boot.7 b/man7/boot.7 index e20f056a8..c32b2f27b 100644 --- a/man7/boot.7 +++ b/man7/boot.7 @@ -156,10 +156,10 @@ directory. A primary script (usually \fI/etc/rc\fR) is called from .BR inittab (5) and calls the services scripts via the links in the sequencing directories. -All links with names that begin with \'S\' are being called with +All links with names that begin with \(aqS\(aq are being called with the argument "start" (thereby starting the service). All links with -names that begin with \'K\' are being called with the argument "stop" +names that begin with \(aqK\(aq are being called with the argument "stop" (thereby stopping the service). To define the starting or stopping order within the same run-level, diff --git a/man7/charsets.7 b/man7/charsets.7 index eae49538a..20bc0e91e 100644 --- a/man7/charsets.7 +++ b/man7/charsets.7 @@ -272,9 +272,9 @@ byte is the head of a code. Note that the only way ASCII bytes occur in a UTF-8 stream, is as themselves. In particular, there are no -embedded NULs (\'\\0\') or \'/\'s that form part of some larger code. +embedded NULs (\(aq\\0\(aq) or \(aq/\(aqs that form part of some larger code. .LP -Since ASCII, and, in particular, NUL and \'/\', are unchanged, the +Since ASCII, and, in particular, NUL and \(aq/\(aq, are unchanged, the kernel does not notice that UTF-8 is being used. It does not care at all what the bytes it is handling stand for. diff --git a/man7/environ.7 b/man7/environ.7 index 9f5019eab..908b4ca1b 100644 --- a/man7/environ.7 +++ b/man7/environ.7 @@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ The sequence of directory prefixes that .BR sh (1) and many other programs apply in searching for a file known by an incomplete pathname. -The prefixes are separated by \'\fB:\fP\'. +The prefixes are separated by \(aq\fB:\fP\(aq. (Similarly one has \fBCDPATH\fP used by some shells to find the target of a change directory command, \fBMANPATH\fP used by .BR man (1) diff --git a/man7/ipv6.7 b/man7/ipv6.7 index ee80d4f6b..ee4fc40e6 100644 --- a/man7/ipv6.7 +++ b/man7/ipv6.7 @@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ anycast to address the nearest member of a group of hosts address a IPv4 host, and other reserved address types. .PP The address notation for IPv6 is a group of 16 2-digit hexadecimal -numbers, separated with a \':\'. +numbers, separated with a \(aq:\(aq. \&"::" stands for a string of 0 bits. Special addresses are ::1 for loopback and ::FFFF: for IPv4-mapped-on-IPv6. diff --git a/man7/locale.7 b/man7/locale.7 index 64fdae020..4ea4e9fe2 100644 --- a/man7/locale.7 +++ b/man7/locale.7 @@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ struct lconv { char *int_curr_symbol; /* First three chars are a currency symbol from ISO 4217. Fourth char is the - separator. Fifth char is \'\\0\'. */ + separator. Fifth char is \(aq\\0\(aq. */ char *currency_symbol; /* Local currency symbol */ char *mon_decimal_point; /* Radix character */ char *mon_thousands_sep; /* Like \fIthousands_sep\fP above */ diff --git a/man7/path_resolution.7 b/man7/path_resolution.7 index 31c75206c..67cc65657 100644 --- a/man7/path_resolution.7 +++ b/man7/path_resolution.7 @@ -27,7 +27,8 @@ Unix/Linux path resolution \- find the file referred to by a filename Some Unix/Linux system calls have as parameter one or more filenames. A filename (or pathname) is resolved as follows. .SS "Step 1: Start of the resolution process" -If the pathname starts with the \'/\' character, the starting lookup directory +If the pathname starts with the \(aq/\(aq character, +the starting lookup directory is the root directory of the calling process. (A process inherits its root directory from its parent. @@ -43,9 +44,9 @@ it \(em or one of its ancestors \(em was started by an invocation of the system call that had the .B CLONE_NEWNS flag set.) -This handles the \'/\' part of the pathname. +This handles the \(aq/\(aq part of the pathname. -If the pathname does not start with the \'/\' character, the +If the pathname does not start with the \(aq/\(aq character, the starting lookup directory of the resolution process is the current working directory of the process. (This is also inherited from the parent. @@ -53,12 +54,12 @@ It can be changed by use of the .BR chdir (2) system call.) -Pathnames starting with a \'/\' character are called absolute pathnames. -Pathnames not starting with a \'/\' are called relative pathnames. +Pathnames starting with a \(aq/\(aq character are called absolute pathnames. +Pathnames not starting with a \(aq/\(aq are called relative pathnames. .SS "Step 2: Walk along the path" Set the current lookup directory to the starting lookup directory. Now, for each non-final component of the pathname, where a component -is a substring delimited by \'/\' characters, this component is looked up +is a substring delimited by \(aq/\(aq characters, this component is looked up in the current lookup directory. If the process does not have search permission on @@ -135,11 +136,11 @@ One can walk out of a mounted file system: "path/.." refers to the parent directory of "path", outside of the file system hierarchy on "dev". .SS "Trailing slashes" -If a pathname ends in a \'/\', that forces resolution of the preceding +If a pathname ends in a \(aq/\(aq, that forces resolution of the preceding component as in Step 2: it has to exist and resolve to a directory. -Otherwise a trailing \'/\' is ignored. -(Or, equivalently, a pathname with a trailing \'/\' is equivalent to -the pathname obtained by appending \'.\' to it.) +Otherwise a trailing \(aq/\(aq is ignored. +(Or, equivalently, a pathname with a trailing \(aq/\(aq is equivalent to +the pathname obtained by appending \(aq.\(aq to it.) .SS "Final symlink" If the last component of a pathname is a symbolic link, then it depends on the system call whether the file referred to will be diff --git a/man7/pthreads.7 b/man7/pthreads.7 index 568faff52..f05626420 100644 --- a/man7/pthreads.7 +++ b/man7/pthreads.7 @@ -415,8 +415,8 @@ be sufficient to determine the default threading implementation: .nf .in +4n -bash$ $( ldd /bin/ls | grep libc.so | awk \'{print $3}\' ) | \\ - egrep \-i \'threads|nptl\' +bash$ $( ldd /bin/ls | grep libc.so | awk \(aq{print $3}\(aq ) | \\ + egrep \-i \(aqthreads|nptl\(aq Native POSIX Threads Library by Ulrich Drepper et al .in .fi @@ -439,7 +439,7 @@ For example: .in +4n bash$ $( LD_ASSUME_KERNEL=2.2.5 ldd /bin/ls | grep libc.so | \\ - awk \'{print $3}\' ) | egrep \-i \'threads|ntpl\' + awk \(aq{print $3}\(aq ) | egrep \-i \(aqthreads|ntpl\(aq linuxthreads-0.10 by Xavier Leroy .in .fi diff --git a/man7/units.7 b/man7/units.7 index 08a4691bd..87e7fb6f7 100644 --- a/man7/units.7 +++ b/man7/units.7 @@ -64,8 +64,9 @@ See also http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Units/prefixes.html .RE .SS Binary prefixes -The binary prefixes resemble the decimal ones, but have an additional \'i\' -(and "Ki" starts with a capital \'K\'). +The binary prefixes resemble the decimal ones, +but have an additional \(aqi\(aq +(and "Ki" starts with a capital \(aqK\(aq). The names are formed by taking the first syllable of the names of the decimal prefix with roughly the same size, followed by "bi" for "binary". diff --git a/man7/unix.7 b/man7/unix.7 index 06cd73b45..a5299390c 100644 --- a/man7/unix.7 +++ b/man7/unix.7 @@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ always contains contains the zero-terminated pathname of the socket in the file system. If .I sun_path -starts with a null byte (\'\\0\'), +starts with a null byte (\(aq\\0\(aq), then it refers to the abstract namespace maintained by the Unix protocol module. The socket's address in this namespace is given by the rest of the diff --git a/man7/uri.7 b/man7/uri.7 index 867469b44..f4846c2c0 100644 --- a/man7/uri.7 +++ b/man7/uri.7 @@ -103,8 +103,8 @@ Note that descendants of MS-DOS (e.g., Microsoft Windows) replace devicename colons with the vertical bar ("|") in URIs, so "C:" becomes "C|". .PP A fragment identifier, if included, refers to a particular named portion -(fragment) of a resource; text after a \'#\' identifies the fragment. -A URI beginning with \'#\' refers to that fragment in the current resource. +(fragment) of a resource; text after a \(aq#\(aq identifies the fragment. +A URI beginning with \(aq#\(aq refers to that fragment in the current resource. .SS Usage There are many different URI schemes, each with specific additional rules and meanings, but they are intentionally made to be @@ -416,7 +416,7 @@ section 4. a comma-separated list of type=value pairs, where the =value portion may be omitted for options not requiring it. -An extension prefixed with a \'!\' is critical +An extension prefixed with a \(aq!\(aq is critical (must be supported to be valid), otherwise it is non-critical (optional). .PP LDAP queries are easiest to explain by example. diff --git a/man7/utf-8.7 b/man7/utf-8.7 index 71908d36f..203689e3a 100644 --- a/man7/utf-8.7 +++ b/man7/utf-8.7 @@ -39,7 +39,8 @@ Unicode encoding (known as .BR UCS-2 ) consists of a sequence of 16-bit words. Such strings can contain as -parts of many 16-bit characters bytes like \'\\0\' or \'/\' which have a +parts of many 16-bit characters bytes +like \(aq\\0\(aq or \(aq/\(aq which have a special meaning in filenames and other C library function parameters. In addition, the majority of UNIX tools expects ASCII files and can't read 16-bit words as characters without major modifications. @@ -86,7 +87,7 @@ All characters > 0x7f are encoded as a multi-byte sequence consisting only of bytes in the range 0x80 to 0xfd, so no ASCII byte can appear as part of another character and there are no -problems with, for example, \'\\0\' or \'/\'. +problems with, for example, \(aq\\0\(aq or \(aq/\(aq. .TP * The lexicographic sorting order of diff --git a/man7/x25.7 b/man7/x25.7 index 4056548be..03c5e6e24 100644 --- a/man7/x25.7 +++ b/man7/x25.7 @@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ to be interpreted as a null-terminated string. .I sx25_addr.x25_addr[] consists of up to 15 (not counting the terminating 0) ASCII characters forming the X.121 address. -Only the decimal digit characters from \'0\' to \'9\' are allowed. +Only the decimal digit characters from \(aq0\(aq to \(aq9\(aq are allowed. .SS Socket Options The following X.25-specific socket options can be set by using .BR setsockopt (2) diff --git a/man8/ld.so.8 b/man8/ld.so.8 index 3731c44fb..40e367130 100644 --- a/man8/ld.so.8 +++ b/man8/ld.so.8 @@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ the directory containing the application executable. Thus, an application located in .I somedir/app could be compiled with -.I gcc -Wl,-rpath,\'$ORIGIN/../lib\' +.I gcc -Wl,-rpath,\(aq$ORIGIN/../lib\(aq so that it finds an associated shared library in .I somedir/lib no matter where