mirror of https://github.com/mkerrisk/man-pages
CPU_SET.3, INFINITY.3, __ppc_get_timebase.3, __ppc_set_ppr_med.3, __ppc_yield.3, __setfpucw.3, acos.3, acosh.3, adjtime.3, aio_fsync.3, aio_init.3, aio_read.3, aio_return.3, aio_suspend.3, aio_write.3, alloca.3, argz_add.3, asin.3, asinh.3, asprintf.3, assert.3, assert_perror.3, atan.3, atan2.3, atanh.3, atexit.3, backtrace.3, basename.3, bindresvport.3, bsd_signal.3, bsearch.3, bswap.3, btree.3, byteorder.3, bzero.3, canonicalize_file_name.3, carg.3, cbrt.3, ccos.3, ccosh.3, ceil.3, cexp.3, clearenv.3, clock.3, clog.3, clog10.3, clog2.3, confstr.3, copysign.3, cos.3, cosh.3, crypt.3, csin.3, csinh.3, csqrt.3, ctan.3, ctanh.3, ctime.3, dbopen.3, dl_iterate_phdr.3, dladdr.3, dlerror.3, dlinfo.3, dlopen.3, dlsym.3, drand48_r.3, duplocale.3, encrypt.3, end.3, endian.3, envz_add.3, erf.3, erfc.3, err.3, errno.3, error.3, euidaccess.3, exec.3, exp.3, exp10.3, exp2.3, expm1.3, fabs.3, fcloseall.3, fdim.3, fenv.3, ferror.3, fexecve.3, fflush.3, ffs.3, fgetc.3, finite.3, floor.3, fma.3, fmax.3, fmemopen.3, fmin.3, fmod.3, fmtmsg.3, fopen.3, fopencookie.3, fpclassify.3, fpurge.3, fputwc.3, fputws.3, frexp.3, fseek.3, fseeko.3, ftime.3, fts.3, ftw.3, futimes.3, gamma.3, gcvt.3, get_nprocs_conf.3, get_phys_pages.3, getaddrinfo.3, getaddrinfo_a.3, getauxval.3, getcwd.3, getdate.3, getentropy.3, getenv.3, getfsent.3, getgrent_r.3, getgrnam.3, getgrouplist.3, gethostbyname.3, gethostid.3, getifaddrs.3, getline.3, getlogin.3, getmntent.3, getnameinfo.3, getnetent.3, getnetent_r.3, getopt.3, getprotoent.3, getprotoent_r.3, getpw.3, getpwent.3, getpwent_r.3, getpwnam.3, getrpcent.3, getrpcent_r.3, getrpcport.3, gets.3, getservent.3, getservent_r.3, getspnam.3, getsubopt.3, getttyent.3, getutent.3, getwchar.3, glob.3, gnu_get_libc_version.3, grantpt.3, gsignal.3, hash.3, hsearch.3, hypot.3, iconv.3, iconv_close.3, iconv_open.3, if_nameindex.3, if_nametoindex.3, ilogb.3, inet.3, inet_net_pton.3, inet_ntop.3, initgroups.3, insque.3, intro.3, isalpha.3, isgreater.3, j0.3, key_setsecret.3, killpg.3, ldexp.3, lgamma.3, lio_listio.3, lockf.3, log.3, log10.3, log1p.3, log2.3, logb.3, login.3, lrint.3, lround.3, lsearch.3, lseek64.3, makecontext.3, makedev.3, mallinfo.3, malloc_get_state.3, malloc_info.3, malloc_stats.3, malloc_trim.3, malloc_usable_size.3, mallopt.3, matherr.3, mbsnrtowcs.3, mbsrtowcs.3, mcheck.3, memccpy.3, memchr.3, memcmp.3, memcpy.3, mkfifo.3, mkstemp.3, mktemp.3, modf.3, mpool.3, mq_close.3, mq_getattr.3, mq_notify.3, mq_open.3, mq_receive.3, mq_send.3, mtrace.3, newlocale.3, nextafter.3, nextup.3, nl_langinfo.3, ntp_gettime.3, offsetof.3, on_exit.3, open_memstream.3, opendir.3, openpty.3, perror.3, popen.3, posix_fallocate.3, posix_madvise.3, posix_memalign.3, posix_openpt.3, posix_spawn.3, pow.3, printf.3, profil.3, program_invocation_name.3, psignal.3, pthread_atfork.3, pthread_attr_init.3, pthread_attr_setaffinity_np.3, pthread_attr_setdetachstate.3, pthread_attr_setguardsize.3, pthread_attr_setinheritsched.3, pthread_attr_setschedparam.3, pthread_attr_setschedpolicy.3, pthread_attr_setscope.3, pthread_attr_setstack.3, pthread_attr_setstackaddr.3, pthread_attr_setstacksize.3, pthread_cancel.3, pthread_cleanup_push.3, pthread_cleanup_push_defer_np.3, pthread_create.3, pthread_detach.3, pthread_exit.3, pthread_getattr_default_np.3, pthread_getattr_np.3, pthread_getcpuclockid.3, pthread_join.3, pthread_kill.3, pthread_kill_other_threads_np.3, pthread_self.3, pthread_setaffinity_np.3, pthread_setcancelstate.3, pthread_setconcurrency.3, pthread_setname_np.3, pthread_setschedparam.3, pthread_sigmask.3, pthread_sigqueue.3, pthread_testcancel.3, pthread_tryjoin_np.3, ptsname.3, putgrent.3, putpwent.3, qsort.3, random.3, random_r.3, rcmd.3, re_comp.3, readdir.3, realpath.3, recno.3, regex.3, remainder.3, remove.3, remquo.3, resolver.3, rexec.3, rint.3, round.3, rpc.3, rpmatch.3, rtime.3, scalb.3, scalbln.3, scandir.3, scanf.3, sem_close.3, sem_destroy.3, sem_getvalue.3, sem_init.3, sem_open.3, sem_wait.3, setbuf.3, setenv.3, setlocale.3, setlogmask.3, setnetgrent.3, shm_open.3, signbit.3, significand.3, sigpause.3, sigqueue.3, sigset.3, sigvec.3, sin.3, sincos.3, sinh.3, sleep.3, sockatmark.3, sqrt.3, statvfs.3, stdarg.3, stdin.3, strcasecmp.3, strcat.3, strchr.3, strcoll.3, strcpy.3, strdup.3, strerror.3, strfmon.3, strfromd.3, strftime.3, strptime.3, strsignal.3, strstr.3, strtod.3, strtok.3, strtol.3, strtoul.3, syslog.3, system.3, sysv_signal.3, tan.3, tanh.3, telldir.3, tempnam.3, termios.3, tgamma.3, timeradd.3, tmpnam.3, toupper.3, towlower.3, towupper.3, trunc.3, tzset.3, ualarm.3, ulimit.3, undocumented.3, unlocked_stdio.3, updwtmp.3, uselocale.3, usleep.3, wcrtomb.3, wcsdup.3, wcsnrtombs.3, wcsrtombs.3, wcstombs.3, wctob.3, wcwidth.3, wordexp.3, wprintf.3, xcrypt.3, xdr.3, y0.3: Formatting fix: replace blank lines with .PP/.IP
Blank lines shouldn't generally appear in *roff source (other than in code examples), since they create large vertical spaces between text blocks. Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
This commit is contained in:
parent
5b539973c4
commit
847e0d8871
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@ -83,14 +83,14 @@ data structure represents a set of CPUs.
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CPU sets are used by
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CPU sets are used by
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.BR sched_setaffinity (2)
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.BR sched_setaffinity (2)
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and similar interfaces.
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and similar interfaces.
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.PP
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The
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The
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.I cpu_set_t
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.I cpu_set_t
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data type is implemented as a bit mask.
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data type is implemented as a bit mask.
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However, the data structure treated as considered opaque:
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However, the data structure treated as considered opaque:
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all manipulation of CPU sets should be done via the macros
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all manipulation of CPU sets should be done via the macros
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described in this page.
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described in this page.
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.PP
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The following macros are provided to operate on the CPU set
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The following macros are provided to operate on the CPU set
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.IR set :
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.IR set :
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.TP 17
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.TP 17
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@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ The constant
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(currently 1024) specifies a value one greater than the maximum CPU
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(currently 1024) specifies a value one greater than the maximum CPU
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number that can be stored in
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number that can be stored in
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.IR cpu_set_t .
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.IR cpu_set_t .
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.PP
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The following macros perform logical operations on CPU sets:
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The following macros perform logical operations on CPU sets:
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.TP 17
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.TP 17
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.BR CPU_AND ()
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.BR CPU_AND ()
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@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ size CPU sets (e.g., to allocate sets larger than that
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defined by the standard
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defined by the standard
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.I cpu_set_t
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.I cpu_set_t
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data type), glibc nowadays provides a set of macros to support this.
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data type), glibc nowadays provides a set of macros to support this.
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.PP
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The following macros are used to allocate and deallocate CPU sets:
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The following macros are used to allocate and deallocate CPU sets:
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.TP 17
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.TP 17
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.BR CPU_ALLOC ()
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.BR CPU_ALLOC ()
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@ -219,27 +219,27 @@ return nonzero if
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is in
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is in
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.IR set ;
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.IR set ;
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otherwise, it returns 0.
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otherwise, it returns 0.
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.PP
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.BR CPU_COUNT ()
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.BR CPU_COUNT ()
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and
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and
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.BR CPU_COUNT_S ()
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.BR CPU_COUNT_S ()
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return the number of CPUs in
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return the number of CPUs in
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.IR set .
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.IR set .
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.PP
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.BR CPU_EQUAL ()
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.BR CPU_EQUAL ()
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and
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and
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.BR CPU_EQUAL_S ()
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.BR CPU_EQUAL_S ()
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return nonzero if the two CPU sets are equal; otherwise they return 0.
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return nonzero if the two CPU sets are equal; otherwise they return 0.
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.PP
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.BR CPU_ALLOC ()
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.BR CPU_ALLOC ()
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returns a pointer on success, or NULL on failure.
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returns a pointer on success, or NULL on failure.
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(Errors are as for
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(Errors are as for
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.BR malloc (3).)
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.BR malloc (3).)
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.PP
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.BR CPU_ALLOC_SIZE ()
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.BR CPU_ALLOC_SIZE ()
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returns the number of bytes required to store a
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returns the number of bytes required to store a
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CPU set of the specified cardinality.
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CPU set of the specified cardinality.
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.PP
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The other functions do not return a value.
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The other functions do not return a value.
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.SH VERSIONS
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.SH VERSIONS
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The
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The
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@ -249,10 +249,10 @@ The
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and
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and
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.BR CPU_ISSET ()
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.BR CPU_ISSET ()
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macros were added in glibc 2.3.3.
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macros were added in glibc 2.3.3.
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.PP
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.BR CPU_COUNT ()
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.BR CPU_COUNT ()
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first appeared in glibc 2.6.
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first appeared in glibc 2.6.
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.PP
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.BR CPU_AND (),
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.BR CPU_AND (),
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.BR CPU_OR (),
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.BR CPU_OR (),
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.BR CPU_XOR (),
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.BR CPU_XOR (),
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@ -275,14 +275,14 @@ These interfaces are Linux-specific.
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.SH NOTES
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.SH NOTES
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To duplicate a CPU set, use
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To duplicate a CPU set, use
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.BR memcpy (3).
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.BR memcpy (3).
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.PP
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Since CPU sets are bit masks allocated in units of long words,
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Since CPU sets are bit masks allocated in units of long words,
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the actual number of CPUs in a dynamically
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the actual number of CPUs in a dynamically
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allocated CPU set will be rounded up to the next multiple of
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allocated CPU set will be rounded up to the next multiple of
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.IR "sizeof(unsigned long)" .
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.IR "sizeof(unsigned long)" .
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An application should consider the contents of these extra bits
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An application should consider the contents of these extra bits
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to be undefined.
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to be undefined.
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.PP
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Notwithstanding the similarity in the names,
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Notwithstanding the similarity in the names,
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note that the constant
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note that the constant
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.B CPU_SETSIZE
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.B CPU_SETSIZE
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@ -294,7 +294,7 @@ while the
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argument of the
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argument of the
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.BR CPU_*_S ()
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.BR CPU_*_S ()
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macros is a size in bytes.
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macros is a size in bytes.
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.PP
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The data types for arguments and return values shown
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The data types for arguments and return values shown
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in the SYNOPSIS are hints what about is expected in each case.
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in the SYNOPSIS are hints what about is expected in each case.
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However, since these interfaces are implemented as macros,
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However, since these interfaces are implemented as macros,
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@ -315,7 +315,7 @@ These bugs are fixed in glibc 2.9.
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.SH EXAMPLE
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.SH EXAMPLE
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The following program demonstrates the use of some of the macros
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The following program demonstrates the use of some of the macros
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used for dynamically allocated CPU sets.
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used for dynamically allocated CPU sets.
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.PP
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.nf
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.nf
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#define _GNU_SOURCE
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#define _GNU_SOURCE
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#include <sched.h>
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#include <sched.h>
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@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ The macro
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expands to a
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expands to a
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.I float
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.I float
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constant representing positive infinity.
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constant representing positive infinity.
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.PP
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The macro
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The macro
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.B NAN
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.B NAN
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expands to a
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expands to a
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@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ The opposite is a
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.I signaling
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.I signaling
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NaN.
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NaN.
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See IEC 60559:1989.
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See IEC 60559:1989.
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.PP
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The macros
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The macros
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.BR HUGE_VAL ,
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.BR HUGE_VAL ,
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.BR HUGE_VALF ,
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.BR HUGE_VALF ,
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@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ reads the current value of the Time Base Register and returns its
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value, while
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value, while
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.BR __ppc_get_timebase_freq ()
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.BR __ppc_get_timebase_freq ()
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returns the frequency in which the Time Base Register is updated.
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returns the frequency in which the Time Base Register is updated.
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.PP
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The Time Base Register is a 64-bit register provided by Power Architecture
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The Time Base Register is a 64-bit register provided by Power Architecture
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processors.
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processors.
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It stores a monotonically incremented value that is updated at a
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It stores a monotonically incremented value that is updated at a
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@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ frequency.
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.BR __ppc_get_timebase ()
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.BR __ppc_get_timebase ()
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returns a 64-bit unsigned integer that represents the current value of the
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returns a 64-bit unsigned integer that represents the current value of the
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Time Base Register.
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Time Base Register.
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.PP
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.BR __ppc_get_timebase_freq ()
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.BR __ppc_get_timebase_freq ()
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returns a 64-bit unsigned integer that represents the frequency at
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returns a 64-bit unsigned integer that represents the frequency at
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which the Time Base Register is updated.
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which the Time Base Register is updated.
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@ -129,5 +129,5 @@ Availability of these functions can be tested using
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.BR "#ifdef _ARCH_PWR8" .
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.BR "#ifdef _ARCH_PWR8" .
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.SH SEE ALSO
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.SH SEE ALSO
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.BR __ppc_yield (3)
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.BR __ppc_yield (3)
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.PP
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.IR "Power ISA, Book\ II - Section\ 3.1 (Program Priority Registers)"
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.IR "Power ISA, Book\ II - Section\ 3.1 (Program Priority Registers)"
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@ -80,5 +80,5 @@ T} Thread safety MT-Safe
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These functions are nonstandard GNU extensions.
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These functions are nonstandard GNU extensions.
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.SH SEE ALSO
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.SH SEE ALSO
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.BR __ppc_set_ppr_med (3)
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.BR __ppc_set_ppr_med (3)
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.PP
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.IR "Power ISA, Book\ II - Section\ 3.2 (""or"" architecture)"
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.IR "Power ISA, Book\ II - Section\ 3.2 (""or"" architecture)"
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@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ macros from
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can be used.
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can be used.
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.SH EXAMPLE
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.SH EXAMPLE
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.B __setfpucw(0x1372)
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.B __setfpucw(0x1372)
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.PP
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Set FPU control word on the i386 architecture to
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Set FPU control word on the i386 architecture to
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.br
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.br
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\- extended precision
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\- extended precision
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10
man3/acos.3
10
man3/acos.3
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@ -70,22 +70,22 @@ the value whose cosine is
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On success, these functions return the arc cosine of
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On success, these functions return the arc cosine of
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.IR x
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.IR x
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in radians; the return value is in the range [0,\ pi].
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in radians; the return value is in the range [0,\ pi].
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.PP
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If
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If
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.I x
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.I x
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is a NaN, a NaN is returned.
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is a NaN, a NaN is returned.
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.PP
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If
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If
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.I x
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.I x
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is +1,
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is +1,
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+0 is returned.
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+0 is returned.
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.PP
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If
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If
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.I x
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.I x
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is positive infinity or negative infinity,
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is positive infinity or negative infinity,
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a domain error occurs,
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a domain error occurs,
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and a NaN is returned.
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and a NaN is returned.
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.PP
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If
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If
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.I x
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.I x
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is outside the range [\-1,\ 1],
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is outside the range [\-1,\ 1],
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@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ T} Thread safety MT-Safe
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.TE
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.TE
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.SH CONFORMING TO
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.SH CONFORMING TO
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C99, POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008.
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C99, POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008.
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.PP
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The variant returning
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The variant returning
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.I double
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.I double
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also conforms to
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also conforms to
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|
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10
man3/acosh.3
10
man3/acosh.3
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@ -79,19 +79,19 @@ that is the value whose hyperbolic cosine is
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.SH RETURN VALUE
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.SH RETURN VALUE
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On success, these functions return the inverse hyperbolic cosine of
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On success, these functions return the inverse hyperbolic cosine of
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.IR x .
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.IR x .
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.PP
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If
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If
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.I x
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.I x
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is a NaN, a NaN is returned.
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is a NaN, a NaN is returned.
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.PP
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If
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If
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.I x
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.I x
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is +1, +0 is returned.
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is +1, +0 is returned.
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.PP
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If
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If
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.I x
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.I x
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is positive infinity, positive infinity is returned.
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is positive infinity, positive infinity is returned.
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.PP
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If
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If
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.I x
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.I x
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is less than 1,
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is less than 1,
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@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ T} Thread safety MT-Safe
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.TE
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.TE
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.SH CONFORMING TO
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.SH CONFORMING TO
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C99, POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008.
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C99, POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008.
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.PP
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The variant returning
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The variant returning
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.I double
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.I double
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also conforms to
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also conforms to
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|
|
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@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ has been completed.
|
||||||
If the adjustment in
|
If the adjustment in
|
||||||
.I delta
|
.I delta
|
||||||
is negative, then the clock is slowed down in a similar fashion.
|
is negative, then the clock is slowed down in a similar fashion.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
If a clock adjustment from an earlier
|
If a clock adjustment from an earlier
|
||||||
.BR adjtime ()
|
.BR adjtime ()
|
||||||
call is already in progress
|
call is already in progress
|
||||||
|
@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ call, and
|
||||||
.I delta
|
.I delta
|
||||||
is not NULL for the later call, then the earlier adjustment is stopped,
|
is not NULL for the later call, then the earlier adjustment is stopped,
|
||||||
but any already completed part of that adjustment is not undone.
|
but any already completed part of that adjustment is not undone.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
If
|
If
|
||||||
.I olddelta
|
.I olddelta
|
||||||
is not NULL, then the buffer that it points to is used to return
|
is not NULL, then the buffer that it points to is used to return
|
||||||
|
@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ to adjust the time prevents the problems that can be caused for certain
|
||||||
applications (e.g.,
|
applications (e.g.,
|
||||||
.BR make (1))
|
.BR make (1))
|
||||||
by abrupt positive or negative jumps in the system time.
|
by abrupt positive or negative jumps in the system time.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
.BR adjtime ()
|
.BR adjtime ()
|
||||||
is intended to be used to make small adjustments to the system time.
|
is intended to be used to make small adjustments to the system time.
|
||||||
Most systems impose a limit on the adjustment that can be specified in
|
Most systems impose a limit on the adjustment that can be specified in
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ is
|
||||||
.BR O_DSYNC ,
|
.BR O_DSYNC ,
|
||||||
this call is the asynchronous analog of
|
this call is the asynchronous analog of
|
||||||
.BR fdatasync (2).
|
.BR fdatasync (2).
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
Note that this is a request only; it does not wait for I/O completion.
|
Note that this is a request only; it does not wait for I/O completion.
|
||||||
.LP
|
.LP
|
||||||
Apart from
|
Apart from
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ function allows the caller to provide tuning hints to the
|
||||||
glibc POSIX AIO implementation.
|
glibc POSIX AIO implementation.
|
||||||
Use of this function is optional, but to be effective,
|
Use of this function is optional, but to be effective,
|
||||||
it must be called before employing any other functions in the POSIX AIO API.
|
it must be called before employing any other functions in the POSIX AIO API.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
The tuning information is provided in the buffer pointed to by the argument
|
The tuning information is provided in the buffer pointed to by the argument
|
||||||
.IR init .
|
.IR init .
|
||||||
This buffer is a structure of the following form:
|
This buffer is a structure of the following form:
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -38,9 +38,9 @@ function queues the I/O request described by the buffer pointed to by
|
||||||
This function is the asynchronous analog of
|
This function is the asynchronous analog of
|
||||||
.BR read (2).
|
.BR read (2).
|
||||||
The arguments of the call
|
The arguments of the call
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
read(fd, buf, count)
|
read(fd, buf, count)
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
correspond (in order) to the fields
|
correspond (in order) to the fields
|
||||||
.IR aio_fildes ,
|
.IR aio_fildes ,
|
||||||
.IR aio_buf ,
|
.IR aio_buf ,
|
||||||
|
@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ The buffer area being read into
|
||||||
.\" or the control block of the operation
|
.\" or the control block of the operation
|
||||||
must not be accessed during the operation or undefined results may occur.
|
must not be accessed during the operation or undefined results may occur.
|
||||||
The memory areas involved must remain valid.
|
The memory areas involved must remain valid.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
Simultaneous I/O operations specifying the same
|
Simultaneous I/O operations specifying the same
|
||||||
.I aiocb
|
.I aiocb
|
||||||
structure produce undefined results.
|
structure produce undefined results.
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ or
|
||||||
.BR fdatasync (2),
|
.BR fdatasync (2),
|
||||||
call.
|
call.
|
||||||
On error, \-1 is returned, and \fIerrno\fP is set appropriately.
|
On error, \-1 is returned, and \fIerrno\fP is set appropriately.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
If the asynchronous I/O operation has not yet completed,
|
If the asynchronous I/O operation has not yet completed,
|
||||||
the return value and effect of
|
the return value and effect of
|
||||||
.BR aio_return ()
|
.BR aio_return ()
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -122,13 +122,13 @@ POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008.
|
||||||
One can achieve polling by using a non-NULL
|
One can achieve polling by using a non-NULL
|
||||||
.I timeout
|
.I timeout
|
||||||
that specifies a zero time interval.
|
that specifies a zero time interval.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
If one or more of the asynchronous I/O operations specified in
|
If one or more of the asynchronous I/O operations specified in
|
||||||
.IR aiocb_list
|
.IR aiocb_list
|
||||||
has already completed at the time of the call to
|
has already completed at the time of the call to
|
||||||
.BR aio_suspend (),
|
.BR aio_suspend (),
|
||||||
then the call returns immediately.
|
then the call returns immediately.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
To determine which I/O operations have completed
|
To determine which I/O operations have completed
|
||||||
after a successful return from
|
after a successful return from
|
||||||
.BR aio_suspend (),
|
.BR aio_suspend (),
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -38,9 +38,9 @@ function queues the I/O request described by the buffer pointed to by
|
||||||
This function is the asynchronous analog of
|
This function is the asynchronous analog of
|
||||||
.BR write (2).
|
.BR write (2).
|
||||||
The arguments of the call
|
The arguments of the call
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
write(fd, buf, count)
|
write(fd, buf, count)
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
correspond (in order) to the fields
|
correspond (in order) to the fields
|
||||||
.IR aio_fildes ,
|
.IR aio_fildes ,
|
||||||
.IR aio_buf ,
|
.IR aio_buf ,
|
||||||
|
@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ The buffer area being written out
|
||||||
.\" or the control block of the operation
|
.\" or the control block of the operation
|
||||||
must not be accessed during the operation or undefined results may occur.
|
must not be accessed during the operation or undefined results may occur.
|
||||||
The memory areas involved must remain valid.
|
The memory areas involved must remain valid.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
Simultaneous I/O operations specifying the same
|
Simultaneous I/O operations specifying the same
|
||||||
.I aiocb
|
.I aiocb
|
||||||
structure produce undefined results.
|
structure produce undefined results.
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ T} Thread safety MT-Safe
|
||||||
.TE
|
.TE
|
||||||
.SH CONFORMING TO
|
.SH CONFORMING TO
|
||||||
This function is not in POSIX.1.
|
This function is not in POSIX.1.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
There is evidence that the
|
There is evidence that the
|
||||||
.BR alloca ()
|
.BR alloca ()
|
||||||
function appeared in 32V, PWB, PWB.2, 3BSD, and 4BSD.
|
function appeared in 32V, PWB, PWB.2, 3BSD, and 4BSD.
|
||||||
|
@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ it can also simplify memory deallocation in applications that use
|
||||||
or
|
or
|
||||||
.BR siglongjmp (3).
|
.BR siglongjmp (3).
|
||||||
Otherwise, its use is discouraged.
|
Otherwise, its use is discouraged.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
Because the space allocated by
|
Because the space allocated by
|
||||||
.BR alloca ()
|
.BR alloca ()
|
||||||
is allocated within the stack frame,
|
is allocated within the stack frame,
|
||||||
|
@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ is jumped over by a call to
|
||||||
.BR longjmp (3)
|
.BR longjmp (3)
|
||||||
or
|
or
|
||||||
.BR siglongjmp (3).
|
.BR siglongjmp (3).
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
Do not attempt to
|
Do not attempt to
|
||||||
.BR free (3)
|
.BR free (3)
|
||||||
space allocated by
|
space allocated by
|
||||||
|
@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ There is no error indication if the stack frame cannot be extended.
|
||||||
(However, after a failed allocation, the program is likely to receive a
|
(However, after a failed allocation, the program is likely to receive a
|
||||||
.B SIGSEGV
|
.B SIGSEGV
|
||||||
signal if it attempts to access the unallocated space.)
|
signal if it attempts to access the unallocated space.)
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
On many systems
|
On many systems
|
||||||
.BR alloca ()
|
.BR alloca ()
|
||||||
cannot be used inside the list of arguments of a function call, because
|
cannot be used inside the list of arguments of a function call, because
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ T{
|
||||||
.BR argz_stringify ()
|
.BR argz_stringify ()
|
||||||
T} Thread safety MT-Safe
|
T} Thread safety MT-Safe
|
||||||
.TE
|
.TE
|
||||||
|
.sp 1
|
||||||
.SH CONFORMING TO
|
.SH CONFORMING TO
|
||||||
These functions are a GNU extension.
|
These functions are a GNU extension.
|
||||||
Handle with care.
|
Handle with care.
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -71,16 +71,16 @@ that is the value whose sine is
|
||||||
On success, these functions return the principal value of the arc sine of
|
On success, these functions return the principal value of the arc sine of
|
||||||
.IR x
|
.IR x
|
||||||
in radians; the return value is in the range [\-pi/2,\ pi/2].
|
in radians; the return value is in the range [\-pi/2,\ pi/2].
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
If
|
If
|
||||||
.I x
|
.I x
|
||||||
is a NaN, a NaN is returned.
|
is a NaN, a NaN is returned.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
If
|
If
|
||||||
.I x
|
.I x
|
||||||
is +0 (\-0),
|
is +0 (\-0),
|
||||||
+0 (\-0) is returned.
|
+0 (\-0) is returned.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
If
|
If
|
||||||
.I x
|
.I x
|
||||||
is outside the range [\-1,\ 1],
|
is outside the range [\-1,\ 1],
|
||||||
|
@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ T} Thread safety MT-Safe
|
||||||
.TE
|
.TE
|
||||||
.SH CONFORMING TO
|
.SH CONFORMING TO
|
||||||
C99, POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008.
|
C99, POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
The variant returning
|
The variant returning
|
||||||
.I double
|
.I double
|
||||||
also conforms to
|
also conforms to
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -79,15 +79,15 @@ that is the value whose hyperbolic sine is
|
||||||
.SH RETURN VALUE
|
.SH RETURN VALUE
|
||||||
On success, these functions return the inverse hyperbolic sine of
|
On success, these functions return the inverse hyperbolic sine of
|
||||||
.IR x .
|
.IR x .
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
If
|
If
|
||||||
.I x
|
.I x
|
||||||
is a NaN, a NaN is returned.
|
is a NaN, a NaN is returned.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
If
|
If
|
||||||
.I x
|
.I x
|
||||||
is +0 (\-0), +0 (\-0) is returned.
|
is +0 (\-0), +0 (\-0) is returned.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
If
|
If
|
||||||
.I x
|
.I x
|
||||||
is positive infinity (negative infinity),
|
is positive infinity (negative infinity),
|
||||||
|
@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ T} Thread safety MT-Safe
|
||||||
.TE
|
.TE
|
||||||
.SH CONFORMING TO
|
.SH CONFORMING TO
|
||||||
C99, POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008.
|
C99, POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
The variant returning
|
The variant returning
|
||||||
.I double
|
.I double
|
||||||
also conforms to
|
also conforms to
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ T{
|
||||||
.BR vasprintf ()
|
.BR vasprintf ()
|
||||||
T} Thread safety MT-Safe locale
|
T} Thread safety MT-Safe locale
|
||||||
.TE
|
.TE
|
||||||
|
.sp 1
|
||||||
.SH CONFORMING TO
|
.SH CONFORMING TO
|
||||||
These functions are GNU extensions, not in C or POSIX.
|
These functions are GNU extensions, not in C or POSIX.
|
||||||
They are also available under *BSD.
|
They are also available under *BSD.
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ assert \- abort the program if assertion is false
|
||||||
This macro can help programmers find bugs in their programs,
|
This macro can help programmers find bugs in their programs,
|
||||||
or handle exceptional cases
|
or handle exceptional cases
|
||||||
via a crash that will produce limited debugging output.
|
via a crash that will produce limited debugging output.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
If
|
If
|
||||||
.I expression
|
.I expression
|
||||||
is false (i.e., compares equal to zero),
|
is false (i.e., compares equal to zero),
|
||||||
|
@ -50,9 +50,9 @@ The error message includes the name of the file and function containing the
|
||||||
.BR assert ()
|
.BR assert ()
|
||||||
call, the source code line number of the call, and the text of the argument;
|
call, the source code line number of the call, and the text of the argument;
|
||||||
something like:
|
something like:
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
prog: some_file.c:16: some_func: Assertion `val == 0' failed.
|
prog: some_file.c:16: some_func: Assertion `val == 0' failed.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
If the macro
|
If the macro
|
||||||
.B NDEBUG
|
.B NDEBUG
|
||||||
is defined at the moment
|
is defined at the moment
|
||||||
|
@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ T{
|
||||||
.BR assert ()
|
.BR assert ()
|
||||||
T} Thread safety MT-Safe
|
T} Thread safety MT-Safe
|
||||||
.TE
|
.TE
|
||||||
|
.sp 1
|
||||||
.SH CONFORMING TO
|
.SH CONFORMING TO
|
||||||
POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008, C89, C99.
|
POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008, C89, C99.
|
||||||
In C89,
|
In C89,
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ T{
|
||||||
.BR assert_perror ()
|
.BR assert_perror ()
|
||||||
T} Thread safety MT-Safe
|
T} Thread safety MT-Safe
|
||||||
.TE
|
.TE
|
||||||
|
.sp 1
|
||||||
.SH CONFORMING TO
|
.SH CONFORMING TO
|
||||||
This is a GNU extension.
|
This is a GNU extension.
|
||||||
.SH BUGS
|
.SH BUGS
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -71,16 +71,16 @@ that is the value whose tangent is
|
||||||
On success, these functions return the principal value of the arc tangent of
|
On success, these functions return the principal value of the arc tangent of
|
||||||
.IR x
|
.IR x
|
||||||
in radians; the return value is in the range [\-pi/2,\ pi/2].
|
in radians; the return value is in the range [\-pi/2,\ pi/2].
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
If
|
If
|
||||||
.I x
|
.I x
|
||||||
is a NaN, a NaN is returned.
|
is a NaN, a NaN is returned.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
If
|
If
|
||||||
.I x
|
.I x
|
||||||
is +0 (\-0),
|
is +0 (\-0),
|
||||||
+0 (\-0) is returned.
|
+0 (\-0) is returned.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
If
|
If
|
||||||
.I x
|
.I x
|
||||||
is positive infinity (negative infinity), +pi/2 (\-pi/2) is returned.
|
is positive infinity (negative infinity), +pi/2 (\-pi/2) is returned.
|
||||||
|
@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ T} Thread safety MT-Safe
|
||||||
.TE
|
.TE
|
||||||
.SH CONFORMING TO
|
.SH CONFORMING TO
|
||||||
C99, POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008.
|
C99, POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
The variant returning
|
The variant returning
|
||||||
.I double
|
.I double
|
||||||
also conforms to
|
also conforms to
|
||||||
|
|
26
man3/atan2.3
26
man3/atan2.3
|
@ -69,31 +69,31 @@ the quadrant of the result.
|
||||||
On success, these functions return the principal value of the arc tangent of
|
On success, these functions return the principal value of the arc tangent of
|
||||||
.IR y/x
|
.IR y/x
|
||||||
in radians; the return value is in the range [\-pi,\ pi].
|
in radians; the return value is in the range [\-pi,\ pi].
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
If
|
If
|
||||||
.I y
|
.I y
|
||||||
is +0 (\-0) and
|
is +0 (\-0) and
|
||||||
.I x
|
.I x
|
||||||
is less than 0, +pi (\-pi) is returned.
|
is less than 0, +pi (\-pi) is returned.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
If
|
If
|
||||||
.I y
|
.I y
|
||||||
is +0 (\-0) and
|
is +0 (\-0) and
|
||||||
.I x
|
.I x
|
||||||
is greater than 0, +0 (\-0) is returned.
|
is greater than 0, +0 (\-0) is returned.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
If
|
If
|
||||||
.I y
|
.I y
|
||||||
is less than 0 and
|
is less than 0 and
|
||||||
.I x
|
.I x
|
||||||
is +0 or \-0, \-pi/2 is returned.
|
is +0 or \-0, \-pi/2 is returned.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
If
|
If
|
||||||
.I y
|
.I y
|
||||||
is greater than 0 and
|
is greater than 0 and
|
||||||
.I x
|
.I x
|
||||||
is +0 or \-0, pi/2 is returned.
|
is +0 or \-0, pi/2 is returned.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
.\" POSIX.1 says:
|
.\" POSIX.1 says:
|
||||||
.\" If
|
.\" If
|
||||||
.\" .I x
|
.\" .I x
|
||||||
|
@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ If either
|
||||||
or
|
or
|
||||||
.I y
|
.I y
|
||||||
is NaN, a NaN is returned.
|
is NaN, a NaN is returned.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
.\" POSIX.1 says:
|
.\" POSIX.1 says:
|
||||||
.\" If the result underflows, a range error may occur and
|
.\" If the result underflows, a range error may occur and
|
||||||
.\" .I y/x
|
.\" .I y/x
|
||||||
|
@ -115,38 +115,38 @@ If
|
||||||
is +0 (\-0) and
|
is +0 (\-0) and
|
||||||
.I x
|
.I x
|
||||||
is \-0, +pi (\-pi) is returned.
|
is \-0, +pi (\-pi) is returned.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
If
|
If
|
||||||
.I y
|
.I y
|
||||||
is +0 (\-0) and
|
is +0 (\-0) and
|
||||||
.I x
|
.I x
|
||||||
is +0, +0 (\-0) is returned.
|
is +0, +0 (\-0) is returned.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
If
|
If
|
||||||
.I y
|
.I y
|
||||||
is a finite value greater (less) than 0, and
|
is a finite value greater (less) than 0, and
|
||||||
.I x
|
.I x
|
||||||
is negative infinity, +pi (\-pi) is returned.
|
is negative infinity, +pi (\-pi) is returned.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
If
|
If
|
||||||
.I y
|
.I y
|
||||||
is a finite value greater (less) than 0, and
|
is a finite value greater (less) than 0, and
|
||||||
.I x
|
.I x
|
||||||
is positive infinity, +0 (\-0) is returned.
|
is positive infinity, +0 (\-0) is returned.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
If
|
If
|
||||||
.I y
|
.I y
|
||||||
is positive infinity (negative infinity), and
|
is positive infinity (negative infinity), and
|
||||||
.I x
|
.I x
|
||||||
is finite,
|
is finite,
|
||||||
pi/2 (\-pi/2) is returned.
|
pi/2 (\-pi/2) is returned.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
If
|
If
|
||||||
.I y
|
.I y
|
||||||
is positive infinity (negative infinity) and
|
is positive infinity (negative infinity) and
|
||||||
.I x
|
.I x
|
||||||
is negative infinity, +3*pi/4 (\-3*pi/4) is returned.
|
is negative infinity, +3*pi/4 (\-3*pi/4) is returned.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
If
|
If
|
||||||
.I y
|
.I y
|
||||||
is positive infinity (negative infinity) and
|
is positive infinity (negative infinity) and
|
||||||
|
@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ T} Thread safety MT-Safe
|
||||||
.TE
|
.TE
|
||||||
.SH CONFORMING TO
|
.SH CONFORMING TO
|
||||||
C99, POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008.
|
C99, POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
The variant returning
|
The variant returning
|
||||||
.I double
|
.I double
|
||||||
also conforms to
|
also conforms to
|
||||||
|
|
10
man3/atanh.3
10
man3/atanh.3
|
@ -79,15 +79,15 @@ that is the value whose hyperbolic tangent is
|
||||||
.SH RETURN VALUE
|
.SH RETURN VALUE
|
||||||
On success, these functions return the inverse hyperbolic tangent of
|
On success, these functions return the inverse hyperbolic tangent of
|
||||||
.IR x .
|
.IR x .
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
If
|
If
|
||||||
.I x
|
.I x
|
||||||
is a NaN, a NaN is returned.
|
is a NaN, a NaN is returned.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
If
|
If
|
||||||
.I x
|
.I x
|
||||||
is +0 (\-0), +0 (\-0) is returned.
|
is +0 (\-0), +0 (\-0) is returned.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
If
|
If
|
||||||
.I x
|
.I x
|
||||||
is +1 or \-1,
|
is +1 or \-1,
|
||||||
|
@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ and the functions return
|
||||||
or
|
or
|
||||||
.BR HUGE_VALL ,
|
.BR HUGE_VALL ,
|
||||||
respectively, with the mathematically correct sign.
|
respectively, with the mathematically correct sign.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
If the absolute value of
|
If the absolute value of
|
||||||
.I x
|
.I x
|
||||||
is greater than 1,
|
is greater than 1,
|
||||||
|
@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ T} Thread safety MT-Safe
|
||||||
.TE
|
.TE
|
||||||
.SH CONFORMING TO
|
.SH CONFORMING TO
|
||||||
C99, POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008.
|
C99, POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
The variant returning
|
The variant returning
|
||||||
.I double
|
.I double
|
||||||
also conforms to
|
also conforms to
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ or via return from the program's
|
||||||
.IR main ().
|
.IR main ().
|
||||||
Functions so registered are called in
|
Functions so registered are called in
|
||||||
the reverse order of their registration; no arguments are passed.
|
the reverse order of their registration; no arguments are passed.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
The same function may be registered multiple times:
|
The same function may be registered multiple times:
|
||||||
it is called once for each registration.
|
it is called once for each registration.
|
||||||
.LP
|
.LP
|
||||||
|
@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ T{
|
||||||
.BR atexit ()
|
.BR atexit ()
|
||||||
T} Thread safety MT-Safe
|
T} Thread safety MT-Safe
|
||||||
.TE
|
.TE
|
||||||
|
.sp 1
|
||||||
.SH CONFORMING TO
|
.SH CONFORMING TO
|
||||||
POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008, C89, C99, SVr4, 4.3BSD.
|
POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008, C89, C99, SVr4, 4.3BSD.
|
||||||
.SH NOTES
|
.SH NOTES
|
||||||
|
@ -96,14 +96,14 @@ Functions registered using
|
||||||
.BR on_exit (3))
|
.BR on_exit (3))
|
||||||
are not called if a process terminates abnormally because
|
are not called if a process terminates abnormally because
|
||||||
of the delivery of a signal.
|
of the delivery of a signal.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
If one of the functions registered functions calls
|
If one of the functions registered functions calls
|
||||||
.BR _exit (2),
|
.BR _exit (2),
|
||||||
then any remaining functions are not invoked,
|
then any remaining functions are not invoked,
|
||||||
and the other process termination steps performed by
|
and the other process termination steps performed by
|
||||||
.BR exit (3)
|
.BR exit (3)
|
||||||
are not performed.
|
are not performed.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
POSIX.1 says that the result of calling
|
POSIX.1 says that the result of calling
|
||||||
.\" POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008
|
.\" POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008
|
||||||
.BR exit (3)
|
.BR exit (3)
|
||||||
|
@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ portable programs should not invoke
|
||||||
.BR exit (3)
|
.BR exit (3)
|
||||||
inside a function registered using
|
inside a function registered using
|
||||||
.BR atexit ().
|
.BR atexit ().
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
The
|
The
|
||||||
.BR atexit ()
|
.BR atexit ()
|
||||||
and
|
and
|
||||||
|
@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ functions register functions on the same list:
|
||||||
at normal process termination,
|
at normal process termination,
|
||||||
the registered functions are invoked in reverse order
|
the registered functions are invoked in reverse order
|
||||||
of their registration by these two functions.
|
of their registration by these two functions.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
According to POSIX.1, the result is undefined if
|
According to POSIX.1, the result is undefined if
|
||||||
.BR longjmp (3)
|
.BR longjmp (3)
|
||||||
is used to terminate execution of one of the functions registered
|
is used to terminate execution of one of the functions registered
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ to obtain the complete backtrace, make sure that
|
||||||
and
|
and
|
||||||
.I size
|
.I size
|
||||||
are large enough.
|
are large enough.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
Given the set of addresses returned by
|
Given the set of addresses returned by
|
||||||
.BR backtrace ()
|
.BR backtrace ()
|
||||||
in
|
in
|
||||||
|
@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ by
|
||||||
and must be freed by the caller.
|
and must be freed by the caller.
|
||||||
(The strings pointed to by the array of pointers
|
(The strings pointed to by the array of pointers
|
||||||
need not and should not be freed.)
|
need not and should not be freed.)
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
.BR backtrace_symbols_fd ()
|
.BR backtrace_symbols_fd ()
|
||||||
takes the same
|
takes the same
|
||||||
.I buffer
|
.I buffer
|
||||||
|
@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ then the full backtrace was stored; if it is equal to
|
||||||
.IR size ,
|
.IR size ,
|
||||||
then it may have been truncated, in which case the addresses of the
|
then it may have been truncated, in which case the addresses of the
|
||||||
oldest stack frames are not returned.
|
oldest stack frames are not returned.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
On success,
|
On success,
|
||||||
.BR backtrace_symbols ()
|
.BR backtrace_symbols ()
|
||||||
returns a pointer to the array
|
returns a pointer to the array
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ the POSIX versions of these functions modify the
|
||||||
.I path
|
.I path
|
||||||
argument, and segfault when called with a static string
|
argument, and segfault when called with a static string
|
||||||
such as "/usr/".
|
such as "/usr/".
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
Before glibc 2.2.1, the glibc version of
|
Before glibc 2.2.1, the glibc version of
|
||||||
.BR dirname ()
|
.BR dirname ()
|
||||||
did not correctly handle pathnames with trailing \(aq/\(aq characters,
|
did not correctly handle pathnames with trailing \(aq/\(aq characters,
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ file descriptor
|
||||||
to a privileged anonymous IP port,
|
to a privileged anonymous IP port,
|
||||||
that is, a port number arbitrarily selected from the range 512 to 1023.
|
that is, a port number arbitrarily selected from the range 512 to 1023.
|
||||||
.\" Glibc actually starts searching with a port # in the range 600 to 1023
|
.\" Glibc actually starts searching with a port # in the range 600 to 1023
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
If the
|
If the
|
||||||
.BR bind (2)
|
.BR bind (2)
|
||||||
performed by
|
performed by
|
||||||
|
@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ is successful, and
|
||||||
is not NULL, then
|
is not NULL, then
|
||||||
.I sin\->sin_port
|
.I sin\->sin_port
|
||||||
returns the port number actually allocated.
|
returns the port number actually allocated.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
.I sin
|
.I sin
|
||||||
can be NULL, in which case
|
can be NULL, in which case
|
||||||
.I sin\->sin_family
|
.I sin\->sin_family
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ The
|
||||||
.BR bsd_signal ()
|
.BR bsd_signal ()
|
||||||
function takes the same arguments, and performs the same task, as
|
function takes the same arguments, and performs the same task, as
|
||||||
.BR signal (2).
|
.BR signal (2).
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
The difference between the two is that
|
The difference between the two is that
|
||||||
.BR bsd_signal ()
|
.BR bsd_signal ()
|
||||||
is guaranteed to provide reliable signal semantics, that is:
|
is guaranteed to provide reliable signal semantics, that is:
|
||||||
|
@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ Use of
|
||||||
should be avoided; use
|
should be avoided; use
|
||||||
.BR sigaction (2)
|
.BR sigaction (2)
|
||||||
instead.
|
instead.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
On modern Linux systems,
|
On modern Linux systems,
|
||||||
.BR bsd_signal ()
|
.BR bsd_signal ()
|
||||||
and
|
and
|
||||||
|
@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ But on older systems,
|
||||||
provided unreliable signal semantics; see
|
provided unreliable signal semantics; see
|
||||||
.BR signal (2)
|
.BR signal (2)
|
||||||
for details.
|
for details.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
The use of
|
The use of
|
||||||
.I sighandler_t
|
.I sighandler_t
|
||||||
is a GNU extension;
|
is a GNU extension;
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ T{
|
||||||
.BR bsearch ()
|
.BR bsearch ()
|
||||||
T} Thread safety MT-Safe
|
T} Thread safety MT-Safe
|
||||||
.TE
|
.TE
|
||||||
|
.sp 1
|
||||||
.SH CONFORMING TO
|
.SH CONFORMING TO
|
||||||
POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008, C89, C99, SVr4, 4.3BSD.
|
POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008, C89, C99, SVr4, 4.3BSD.
|
||||||
.SH EXAMPLE
|
.SH EXAMPLE
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ These macros are GNU extensions.
|
||||||
The program below swaps the bytes of the 8-byte integer supplied as
|
The program below swaps the bytes of the 8-byte integer supplied as
|
||||||
its command-line argument.
|
its command-line argument.
|
||||||
The following shell session demonstrates the use of the program:
|
The following shell session demonstrates the use of the program:
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
.nf
|
.nf
|
||||||
.in +4n
|
.in +4n
|
||||||
$ \fB./a.out 0x0123456789abcdef\fP
|
$ \fB./a.out 0x0123456789abcdef\fP
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ Since version 2.2, glibc no longer provides these interfaces.
|
||||||
Probably, you are looking for the APIs provided by the
|
Probably, you are looking for the APIs provided by the
|
||||||
.I libdb
|
.I libdb
|
||||||
library instead.
|
library instead.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
The routine
|
The routine
|
||||||
.BR dbopen (3)
|
.BR dbopen (3)
|
||||||
is the library interface to database files.
|
is the library interface to database files.
|
||||||
|
@ -242,13 +242,13 @@ Only big and little endian byte order is supported.
|
||||||
.BR hash (3),
|
.BR hash (3),
|
||||||
.BR mpool (3),
|
.BR mpool (3),
|
||||||
.BR recno (3)
|
.BR recno (3)
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
.IR "The Ubiquitous B-tree" ,
|
.IR "The Ubiquitous B-tree" ,
|
||||||
Douglas Comer, ACM Comput. Surv. 11, 2 (June 1979), 121-138.
|
Douglas Comer, ACM Comput. Surv. 11, 2 (June 1979), 121-138.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
.IR "Prefix B-trees" ,
|
.IR "Prefix B-trees" ,
|
||||||
Bayer and Unterauer, ACM Transactions on Database Systems, Vol. 2, 1
|
Bayer and Unterauer, ACM Transactions on Database Systems, Vol. 2, 1
|
||||||
(March 1977), 11-26.
|
(March 1977), 11-26.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
.IR "The Art of Computer Programming Vol. 3: Sorting and Searching" ,
|
.IR "The Art of Computer Programming Vol. 3: Sorting and Searching" ,
|
||||||
D.E. Knuth, 1968, pp 471-480.
|
D.E. Knuth, 1968, pp 471-480.
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ T} Thread safety MT-Safe
|
||||||
.TE
|
.TE
|
||||||
.SH CONFORMING TO
|
.SH CONFORMING TO
|
||||||
POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008.
|
POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
Some systems require the inclusion of
|
Some systems require the inclusion of
|
||||||
.I <netinet/in.h>
|
.I <netinet/in.h>
|
||||||
instead of
|
instead of
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ function erases the data in the
|
||||||
bytes of the memory starting at the location pointed to by
|
bytes of the memory starting at the location pointed to by
|
||||||
.IR s ,
|
.IR s ,
|
||||||
by writing zeroes (bytes containing \(aq\\0\(aq) to that area.
|
by writing zeroes (bytes containing \(aq\\0\(aq) to that area.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
The
|
The
|
||||||
.BR explicit_bzero ()
|
.BR explicit_bzero ()
|
||||||
function performs the same task as
|
function performs the same task as
|
||||||
|
@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ POSIX.1-2008 removes the specification of
|
||||||
The
|
The
|
||||||
.BR bzero ()
|
.BR bzero ()
|
||||||
function first appeared in 4.3BSD.
|
function first appeared in 4.3BSD.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
The
|
The
|
||||||
.BR explicit_bzero ()
|
.BR explicit_bzero ()
|
||||||
function is a nonstandard extension that is also present on some of the BSDs.
|
function is a nonstandard extension that is also present on some of the BSDs.
|
||||||
|
@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ by an incorrect or compromised program.
|
||||||
Calls to
|
Calls to
|
||||||
.BR explicit_bzero ()
|
.BR explicit_bzero ()
|
||||||
are never optimized away by the compiler.
|
are never optimized away by the compiler.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
The
|
The
|
||||||
.BR explicit_bzero ()
|
.BR explicit_bzero ()
|
||||||
function does not solve all problems associated with erasing sensitive data:
|
function does not solve all problems associated with erasing sensitive data:
|
||||||
|
@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ Indeed, it will make them worse, since, for example,
|
||||||
it may force a variable that would otherwise have been optimized
|
it may force a variable that would otherwise have been optimized
|
||||||
into a register to instead be maintained in (more vulnerable)
|
into a register to instead be maintained in (more vulnerable)
|
||||||
RAM for its entire lifetime.
|
RAM for its entire lifetime.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
Notwithstanding the above details, for security-conscious applications, using
|
Notwithstanding the above details, for security-conscious applications, using
|
||||||
.BR explicit_bzero ()
|
.BR explicit_bzero ()
|
||||||
is generally preferable to not using it.
|
is generally preferable to not using it.
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -46,17 +46,17 @@ pathname components.
|
||||||
Consecutive slash
|
Consecutive slash
|
||||||
.RI ( / )
|
.RI ( / )
|
||||||
characters are replaced by a single slash.
|
characters are replaced by a single slash.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
The returned string is dynamically allocated by
|
The returned string is dynamically allocated by
|
||||||
.BR canonicalize_file_name ()
|
.BR canonicalize_file_name ()
|
||||||
and the caller should deallocate it with
|
and the caller should deallocate it with
|
||||||
.BR free (3)
|
.BR free (3)
|
||||||
when it is no longer required.
|
when it is no longer required.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
The call
|
The call
|
||||||
.I canonicalize_file_name(path)
|
.I canonicalize_file_name(path)
|
||||||
is equivalent to the call:
|
is equivalent to the call:
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
realpath(path, NULL);
|
realpath(path, NULL);
|
||||||
.SH RETURN VALUE
|
.SH RETURN VALUE
|
||||||
On success,
|
On success,
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -21,14 +21,14 @@ Link with \fI\-lm\fP.
|
||||||
These functions calculate the complex argument (also called phase angle) of
|
These functions calculate the complex argument (also called phase angle) of
|
||||||
.IR z ,
|
.IR z ,
|
||||||
with a branch cut along the negative real axis.
|
with a branch cut along the negative real axis.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
A complex number can be described by two real coordinates.
|
A complex number can be described by two real coordinates.
|
||||||
One may use rectangular coordinates and gets
|
One may use rectangular coordinates and gets
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
.nf
|
.nf
|
||||||
z = x + I * y
|
z = x + I * y
|
||||||
.fi
|
.fi
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
where
|
where
|
||||||
.IR "x\ =\ creal(z)"
|
.IR "x\ =\ creal(z)"
|
||||||
and
|
and
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ representable real cube root.
|
||||||
.SH RETURN VALUE
|
.SH RETURN VALUE
|
||||||
These functions return the cube root of
|
These functions return the cube root of
|
||||||
.IR x .
|
.IR x .
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
If
|
If
|
||||||
.I x
|
.I x
|
||||||
is +0, \-0, positive infinity, negative infinity, or NaN,
|
is +0, \-0, positive infinity, negative infinity, or NaN,
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ Link with \fI\-lm\fP.
|
||||||
.SH DESCRIPTION
|
.SH DESCRIPTION
|
||||||
These functions calculate the complex cosine of
|
These functions calculate the complex cosine of
|
||||||
.IR z .
|
.IR z .
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
The complex cosine function is defined as:
|
The complex cosine function is defined as:
|
||||||
.nf
|
.nf
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ T{
|
||||||
.BR ccosl ()
|
.BR ccosl ()
|
||||||
T} Thread safety MT-Safe
|
T} Thread safety MT-Safe
|
||||||
.TE
|
.TE
|
||||||
|
.sp 1
|
||||||
.SH CONFORMING TO
|
.SH CONFORMING TO
|
||||||
C99, POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008.
|
C99, POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008.
|
||||||
.SH SEE ALSO
|
.SH SEE ALSO
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ Link with \fI\-lm\fP.
|
||||||
.SH DESCRIPTION
|
.SH DESCRIPTION
|
||||||
These functions calculate the complex hyperbolic cosine of
|
These functions calculate the complex hyperbolic cosine of
|
||||||
.IR z .
|
.IR z .
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
The complex hyperbolic cosine function is defined as:
|
The complex hyperbolic cosine function is defined as:
|
||||||
.nf
|
.nf
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ _ISOC99_SOURCE || _POSIX_C_SOURCE\ >=\ 200112L
|
||||||
.SH DESCRIPTION
|
.SH DESCRIPTION
|
||||||
These functions return the smallest integral value that is not less than
|
These functions return the smallest integral value that is not less than
|
||||||
.IR x .
|
.IR x .
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
For example,
|
For example,
|
||||||
.IR ceil(0.5)
|
.IR ceil(0.5)
|
||||||
is 1.0, and
|
is 1.0, and
|
||||||
|
@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ is 0.0.
|
||||||
.SH RETURN VALUE
|
.SH RETURN VALUE
|
||||||
These functions return the ceiling of
|
These functions return the ceiling of
|
||||||
.IR x .
|
.IR x .
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
If
|
If
|
||||||
.I x
|
.I x
|
||||||
is integral, +0, \-0, NaN, or infinite,
|
is integral, +0, \-0, NaN, or infinite,
|
||||||
|
@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ T} Thread safety MT-Safe
|
||||||
.TE
|
.TE
|
||||||
.SH CONFORMING TO
|
.SH CONFORMING TO
|
||||||
C99, POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008.
|
C99, POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
The variant returning
|
The variant returning
|
||||||
.I double
|
.I double
|
||||||
also conforms to
|
also conforms to
|
||||||
|
@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ of the exponent is smaller than the number of mantissa bits.
|
||||||
For the IEEE-754 standard 32-bit and 64-bit floating-point numbers
|
For the IEEE-754 standard 32-bit and 64-bit floating-point numbers
|
||||||
the maximum value of the exponent is 128 (respectively, 1024),
|
the maximum value of the exponent is 128 (respectively, 1024),
|
||||||
and the number of mantissa bits is 24 (respectively, 53).)
|
and the number of mantissa bits is 24 (respectively, 53).)
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
The integral value returned by these functions may be too large
|
The integral value returned by these functions may be too large
|
||||||
to store in an integer type
|
to store in an integer type
|
||||||
.RI ( int ,
|
.RI ( int ,
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ T{
|
||||||
.BR cexpl ()
|
.BR cexpl ()
|
||||||
T} Thread safety MT-Safe
|
T} Thread safety MT-Safe
|
||||||
.TE
|
.TE
|
||||||
|
.sp 1
|
||||||
.SH CONFORMING TO
|
.SH CONFORMING TO
|
||||||
C99, POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008.
|
C99, POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008.
|
||||||
.SH SEE ALSO
|
.SH SEE ALSO
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ T{
|
||||||
.BR clearenv ()
|
.BR clearenv ()
|
||||||
T} Thread safety MT-Unsafe const:env
|
T} Thread safety MT-Unsafe const:env
|
||||||
.TE
|
.TE
|
||||||
|
.sp 1
|
||||||
.SH CONFORMING TO
|
.SH CONFORMING TO
|
||||||
Various UNIX variants (DG/UX, HP-UX, QNX, ...).
|
Various UNIX variants (DG/UX, HP-UX, QNX, ...).
|
||||||
POSIX.9 (bindings for FORTRAN77).
|
POSIX.9 (bindings for FORTRAN77).
|
||||||
|
@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ is unavailable, the assignment
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.fi
|
.fi
|
||||||
will probably do.
|
will probably do.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
The
|
The
|
||||||
.BR clearenv ()
|
.BR clearenv ()
|
||||||
function may be useful in security-conscious applications that want to
|
function may be useful in security-conscious applications that want to
|
||||||
|
@ -107,14 +107,14 @@ executed using
|
||||||
.BR exec (3).
|
.BR exec (3).
|
||||||
The application would do this by first clearing the environment
|
The application would do this by first clearing the environment
|
||||||
and then adding select environment variables.
|
and then adding select environment variables.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
Note that the main effect of
|
Note that the main effect of
|
||||||
.BR clearenv ()
|
.BR clearenv ()
|
||||||
is to adjust the value of the pointer
|
is to adjust the value of the pointer
|
||||||
.BR environ (7);
|
.BR environ (7);
|
||||||
this function does not erase the contents of the buffers
|
this function does not erase the contents of the buffers
|
||||||
containing the environment definitions.
|
containing the environment definitions.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
The DG/UX and Tru64 man pages write: If
|
The DG/UX and Tru64 man pages write: If
|
||||||
.I environ
|
.I environ
|
||||||
has been modified by anything other than the
|
has been modified by anything other than the
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ T{
|
||||||
.BR clock ()
|
.BR clock ()
|
||||||
T} Thread safety MT-Safe
|
T} Thread safety MT-Safe
|
||||||
.TE
|
.TE
|
||||||
|
.sp 1
|
||||||
.SH CONFORMING TO
|
.SH CONFORMING TO
|
||||||
POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008, C89, C99.
|
POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008, C89, C99.
|
||||||
XSI requires that
|
XSI requires that
|
||||||
|
@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ The
|
||||||
.BR times (2)
|
.BR times (2)
|
||||||
function, which explicitly returns (separate) information about the
|
function, which explicitly returns (separate) information about the
|
||||||
caller and its children, may be preferable.
|
caller and its children, may be preferable.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
In glibc 2.17 and earlier,
|
In glibc 2.17 and earlier,
|
||||||
.BR clock ()
|
.BR clock ()
|
||||||
was implemented on top of
|
was implemented on top of
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ Link with \fI\-lm\fP.
|
||||||
These functions calculate the complex natural logarithm of
|
These functions calculate the complex natural logarithm of
|
||||||
.IR z ,
|
.IR z ,
|
||||||
with a branch cut along the negative real axis.
|
with a branch cut along the negative real axis.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
The logarithm
|
The logarithm
|
||||||
.BR clog ()
|
.BR clog ()
|
||||||
is the inverse function of the exponential
|
is the inverse function of the exponential
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -23,18 +23,18 @@ Link with \fI\-lm\fP.
|
||||||
The call
|
The call
|
||||||
.I clog10(z)
|
.I clog10(z)
|
||||||
is equivalent to:
|
is equivalent to:
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
clog(z)/log(10)
|
clog(z)/log(10)
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
or equally:
|
or equally:
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
log10(cabs(c)) + I * carg(c) / log(10)
|
log10(cabs(c)) + I * carg(c) / log(10)
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
The other functions perform the same task for
|
The other functions perform the same task for
|
||||||
.I float
|
.I float
|
||||||
and
|
and
|
||||||
.IR "long double" .
|
.IR "long double" .
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
Note that
|
Note that
|
||||||
.I z
|
.I z
|
||||||
close to zero will cause an overflow.
|
close to zero will cause an overflow.
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -22,12 +22,12 @@ The call
|
||||||
.I clog2(z)
|
.I clog2(z)
|
||||||
is equivalent to
|
is equivalent to
|
||||||
.IR clog(z)/log(2) .
|
.IR clog(z)/log(2) .
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
The other functions perform the same task for
|
The other functions perform the same task for
|
||||||
.I float
|
.I float
|
||||||
and
|
and
|
||||||
.IR "long double" .
|
.IR "long double" .
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
Note that
|
Note that
|
||||||
.I z
|
.I z
|
||||||
close to zero will cause an overflow.
|
close to zero will cause an overflow.
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ This value may be greater than
|
||||||
which means that the value in
|
which means that the value in
|
||||||
.I buf
|
.I buf
|
||||||
is truncated.
|
is truncated.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
If
|
If
|
||||||
.I name
|
.I name
|
||||||
is a valid configuration variable,
|
is a valid configuration variable,
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ These functions return a value whose absolute value matches that of
|
||||||
.IR x ,
|
.IR x ,
|
||||||
but whose sign bit matches that of
|
but whose sign bit matches that of
|
||||||
.IR y .
|
.IR y .
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
For example,
|
For example,
|
||||||
.I "copysign(42.0,\ \-1.0)"
|
.I "copysign(42.0,\ \-1.0)"
|
||||||
and
|
and
|
||||||
|
@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ On success, these functions return a value whose magnitude is taken from
|
||||||
.I x
|
.I x
|
||||||
and whose sign is taken from
|
and whose sign is taken from
|
||||||
.IR y .
|
.IR y .
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
If
|
If
|
||||||
.I x
|
.I x
|
||||||
is a NaN,
|
is a NaN,
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -71,11 +71,11 @@ given in radians.
|
||||||
.SH RETURN VALUE
|
.SH RETURN VALUE
|
||||||
On success, these functions return the cosine of
|
On success, these functions return the cosine of
|
||||||
.IR x .
|
.IR x .
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
If
|
If
|
||||||
.I x
|
.I x
|
||||||
is a NaN, a NaN is returned.
|
is a NaN, a NaN is returned.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
If
|
If
|
||||||
.I x
|
.I x
|
||||||
is positive infinity or negative infinity,
|
is positive infinity or negative infinity,
|
||||||
|
@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ T} Thread safety MT-Safe
|
||||||
.TE
|
.TE
|
||||||
.SH CONFORMING TO
|
.SH CONFORMING TO
|
||||||
C99, POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008.
|
C99, POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
The variant returning
|
The variant returning
|
||||||
.I double
|
.I double
|
||||||
also conforms to
|
also conforms to
|
||||||
|
|
10
man3/cosh.3
10
man3/cosh.3
|
@ -74,20 +74,20 @@ which is defined mathematically as:
|
||||||
.SH RETURN VALUE
|
.SH RETURN VALUE
|
||||||
On success, these functions return the hyperbolic cosine of
|
On success, these functions return the hyperbolic cosine of
|
||||||
.IR x .
|
.IR x .
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
If
|
If
|
||||||
.I x
|
.I x
|
||||||
is a NaN, a NaN is returned.
|
is a NaN, a NaN is returned.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
If
|
If
|
||||||
.I x
|
.I x
|
||||||
is +0 or \-0, 1 is returned.
|
is +0 or \-0, 1 is returned.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
If
|
If
|
||||||
.I x
|
.I x
|
||||||
is positive infinity or negative infinity,
|
is positive infinity or negative infinity,
|
||||||
positive infinity is returned.
|
positive infinity is returned.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
If the result overflows,
|
If the result overflows,
|
||||||
a range error occurs,
|
a range error occurs,
|
||||||
and the functions return
|
and the functions return
|
||||||
|
@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ T} Thread safety MT-Safe
|
||||||
.TE
|
.TE
|
||||||
.SH CONFORMING TO
|
.SH CONFORMING TO
|
||||||
C99, POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008.
|
C99, POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
The variant returning
|
The variant returning
|
||||||
.I double
|
.I double
|
||||||
also conforms to
|
also conforms to
|
||||||
|
|
14
man3/crypt.3
14
man3/crypt.3
|
@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ If you are planning on using the
|
||||||
.BR crypt ()
|
.BR crypt ()
|
||||||
interface for a cryptography project, don't do it: get a good book on
|
interface for a cryptography project, don't do it: get a good book on
|
||||||
encryption and one of the widely available DES libraries.
|
encryption and one of the widely available DES libraries.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
.BR crypt_r ()
|
.BR crypt_r ()
|
||||||
is a reentrant version of
|
is a reentrant version of
|
||||||
.BR crypt ().
|
.BR crypt ().
|
||||||
|
@ -193,15 +193,15 @@ is a GNU extension.
|
||||||
.SS Glibc notes
|
.SS Glibc notes
|
||||||
The glibc2 version of this function supports additional
|
The glibc2 version of this function supports additional
|
||||||
encryption algorithms.
|
encryption algorithms.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
If
|
If
|
||||||
.I salt
|
.I salt
|
||||||
is a character string starting with the characters "$\fIid\fP$"
|
is a character string starting with the characters "$\fIid\fP$"
|
||||||
followed by a string terminated by "$":
|
followed by a string terminated by "$":
|
||||||
.RS
|
.RS
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
$\fIid\fP$\fIsalt\fP$\fIencrypted\fP
|
$\fIid\fP$\fIsalt\fP$\fIencrypted\fP
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
.RE
|
.RE
|
||||||
then instead of using the DES machine,
|
then instead of using the DES machine,
|
||||||
.I id
|
.I id
|
||||||
|
@ -228,11 +228,11 @@ _
|
||||||
6 | SHA-512 (since glibc 2.7)
|
6 | SHA-512 (since glibc 2.7)
|
||||||
.TE
|
.TE
|
||||||
.RE
|
.RE
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
So $5$\fIsalt\fP$\fIencrypted\fP is an SHA-256 encoded
|
So $5$\fIsalt\fP$\fIencrypted\fP is an SHA-256 encoded
|
||||||
password and $6$\fIsalt\fP$\fIencrypted\fP is an
|
password and $6$\fIsalt\fP$\fIencrypted\fP is an
|
||||||
SHA-512 encoded one.
|
SHA-512 encoded one.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
"\fIsalt\fP" stands for the up to 16 characters
|
"\fIsalt\fP" stands for the up to 16 characters
|
||||||
following "$\fIid\fP$" in the salt.
|
following "$\fIid\fP$" in the salt.
|
||||||
The encrypted part of the password string is the actual computed password.
|
The encrypted part of the password string is the actual computed password.
|
||||||
|
@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ MD5 | 22 characters
|
||||||
SHA-256 | 43 characters
|
SHA-256 | 43 characters
|
||||||
SHA-512 | 86 characters
|
SHA-512 | 86 characters
|
||||||
.TE
|
.TE
|
||||||
|
.sp 1
|
||||||
The characters in "\fIsalt\fP" and "\fIencrypted\fP" are drawn from the set
|
The characters in "\fIsalt\fP" and "\fIencrypted\fP" are drawn from the set
|
||||||
[\fBa\-zA\-Z0\-9./\fP].
|
[\fBa\-zA\-Z0\-9./\fP].
|
||||||
In the MD5 and SHA implementations the entire
|
In the MD5 and SHA implementations the entire
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ Link with \fI\-lm\fP.
|
||||||
.SH DESCRIPTION
|
.SH DESCRIPTION
|
||||||
These functions calculate the complex sine of
|
These functions calculate the complex sine of
|
||||||
.IR z .
|
.IR z .
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
The complex sine function is defined as:
|
The complex sine function is defined as:
|
||||||
.nf
|
.nf
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ T{
|
||||||
.BR csinl ()
|
.BR csinl ()
|
||||||
T} Thread safety MT-Safe
|
T} Thread safety MT-Safe
|
||||||
.TE
|
.TE
|
||||||
|
.sp 1
|
||||||
.SH CONFORMING TO
|
.SH CONFORMING TO
|
||||||
C99, POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008.
|
C99, POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008.
|
||||||
.SH SEE ALSO
|
.SH SEE ALSO
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ Link with \fI\-lm\fP.
|
||||||
.SH DESCRIPTION
|
.SH DESCRIPTION
|
||||||
These functions calculate the complex hyperbolic sine of
|
These functions calculate the complex hyperbolic sine of
|
||||||
.IR z .
|
.IR z .
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
The complex hyperbolic sine function is defined as:
|
The complex hyperbolic sine function is defined as:
|
||||||
.nf
|
.nf
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ T{
|
||||||
.BR csinhl ()
|
.BR csinhl ()
|
||||||
T} Thread safety MT-Safe
|
T} Thread safety MT-Safe
|
||||||
.TE
|
.TE
|
||||||
|
.sp 1
|
||||||
.SH CONFORMING TO
|
.SH CONFORMING TO
|
||||||
C99, POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008.
|
C99, POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008.
|
||||||
.SH SEE ALSO
|
.SH SEE ALSO
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ T{
|
||||||
.BR csqrtl ()
|
.BR csqrtl ()
|
||||||
T} Thread safety MT-Safe
|
T} Thread safety MT-Safe
|
||||||
.TE
|
.TE
|
||||||
|
.sp 1
|
||||||
.SH CONFORMING TO
|
.SH CONFORMING TO
|
||||||
C99, POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008.
|
C99, POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008.
|
||||||
.SH SEE ALSO
|
.SH SEE ALSO
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ Link with \fI\-lm\fP.
|
||||||
.SH DESCRIPTION
|
.SH DESCRIPTION
|
||||||
These functions calculate the complex tangent of
|
These functions calculate the complex tangent of
|
||||||
.IR z .
|
.IR z .
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
The complex tangent function is defined as:
|
The complex tangent function is defined as:
|
||||||
.nf
|
.nf
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ T{
|
||||||
.BR ctanl ()
|
.BR ctanl ()
|
||||||
T} Thread safety MT-Safe
|
T} Thread safety MT-Safe
|
||||||
.TE
|
.TE
|
||||||
|
.sp 1
|
||||||
.SH CONFORMING TO
|
.SH CONFORMING TO
|
||||||
C99, POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008.
|
C99, POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008.
|
||||||
.SH SEE ALSO
|
.SH SEE ALSO
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ Link with \fI\-lm\fP.
|
||||||
.SH DESCRIPTION
|
.SH DESCRIPTION
|
||||||
These functions calculate the complex hyperbolic tangent of
|
These functions calculate the complex hyperbolic tangent of
|
||||||
.IR z .
|
.IR z .
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
The complex hyperbolic tangent function is defined
|
The complex hyperbolic tangent function is defined
|
||||||
mathematically as:
|
mathematically as:
|
||||||
.nf
|
.nf
|
||||||
|
@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ T{
|
||||||
.BR ctanhl ()
|
.BR ctanhl ()
|
||||||
T} Thread safety MT-Safe
|
T} Thread safety MT-Safe
|
||||||
.TE
|
.TE
|
||||||
|
.sp 1
|
||||||
.SH CONFORMING TO
|
.SH CONFORMING TO
|
||||||
C99, POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008.
|
C99, POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008.
|
||||||
.SH SEE ALSO
|
.SH SEE ALSO
|
||||||
|
|
18
man3/ctime.3
18
man3/ctime.3
|
@ -246,7 +246,7 @@ and a negative value means that
|
||||||
.BR mktime ()
|
.BR mktime ()
|
||||||
should (use timezone information and system databases to)
|
should (use timezone information and system databases to)
|
||||||
attempt to determine whether DST is in effect at the specified time.
|
attempt to determine whether DST is in effect at the specified time.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
The
|
The
|
||||||
.BR mktime ()
|
.BR mktime ()
|
||||||
function modifies the fields of the
|
function modifies the fields of the
|
||||||
|
@ -266,7 +266,7 @@ Calling
|
||||||
.BR mktime ()
|
.BR mktime ()
|
||||||
also sets the external variable \fItzname\fP with
|
also sets the external variable \fItzname\fP with
|
||||||
information about the current timezone.
|
information about the current timezone.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
If the specified broken-down
|
If the specified broken-down
|
||||||
time cannot be represented as calendar time (seconds since the Epoch),
|
time cannot be represented as calendar time (seconds since the Epoch),
|
||||||
.BR mktime ()
|
.BR mktime ()
|
||||||
|
@ -281,33 +281,33 @@ and
|
||||||
.BR localtime ()
|
.BR localtime ()
|
||||||
return a pointer to a
|
return a pointer to a
|
||||||
.IR "struct\ tm" .
|
.IR "struct\ tm" .
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
On success,
|
On success,
|
||||||
.BR gmtime_r ()
|
.BR gmtime_r ()
|
||||||
and
|
and
|
||||||
.BR localtime_r ()
|
.BR localtime_r ()
|
||||||
return the address of the structure pointed to by
|
return the address of the structure pointed to by
|
||||||
.IR result .
|
.IR result .
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
On success,
|
On success,
|
||||||
.BR asctime ()
|
.BR asctime ()
|
||||||
and
|
and
|
||||||
.BR ctime ()
|
.BR ctime ()
|
||||||
return a pointer to a string.
|
return a pointer to a string.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
On success,
|
On success,
|
||||||
.BR asctime_r ()
|
.BR asctime_r ()
|
||||||
and
|
and
|
||||||
.BR ctime_r ()
|
.BR ctime_r ()
|
||||||
return a pointer to the string pointed to by
|
return a pointer to the string pointed to by
|
||||||
.IR buf .
|
.IR buf .
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
On success,
|
On success,
|
||||||
.BR mktime ()
|
.BR mktime ()
|
||||||
returns the calendar time (seconds since the Epoch),
|
returns the calendar time (seconds since the Epoch),
|
||||||
expressed as a value of type
|
expressed as a value of type
|
||||||
.IR time_t .
|
.IR time_t .
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
On error,
|
On error,
|
||||||
.BR mktime ()
|
.BR mktime ()
|
||||||
returns the value
|
returns the value
|
||||||
|
@ -388,7 +388,7 @@ The thread-safe versions,
|
||||||
and
|
and
|
||||||
.BR localtime_r (),
|
.BR localtime_r (),
|
||||||
are specified by SUSv2.
|
are specified by SUSv2.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
POSIX.1-2001 says:
|
POSIX.1-2001 says:
|
||||||
"The
|
"The
|
||||||
.BR asctime (),
|
.BR asctime (),
|
||||||
|
@ -421,7 +421,7 @@ defined when
|
||||||
was set before including
|
was set before including
|
||||||
.IR <time.h> .
|
.IR <time.h> .
|
||||||
This is a BSD extension, present in 4.3BSD-Reno.
|
This is a BSD extension, present in 4.3BSD-Reno.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
According to POSIX.1-2004,
|
According to POSIX.1-2004,
|
||||||
.BR localtime ()
|
.BR localtime ()
|
||||||
is required to behave as though
|
is required to behave as though
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ Since version 2.2, glibc no longer provides these interfaces.
|
||||||
Probably, you are looking for the APIs provided by the
|
Probably, you are looking for the APIs provided by the
|
||||||
.I libdb
|
.I libdb
|
||||||
library instead.
|
library instead.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
.BR dbopen ()
|
.BR dbopen ()
|
||||||
is the library interface to database files.
|
is the library interface to database files.
|
||||||
The supported file formats are btree, hashed and UNIX file oriented.
|
The supported file formats are btree, hashed and UNIX file oriented.
|
||||||
|
@ -556,6 +556,6 @@ locking, or transactions.
|
||||||
.BR hash (3),
|
.BR hash (3),
|
||||||
.BR mpool (3),
|
.BR mpool (3),
|
||||||
.BR recno (3)
|
.BR recno (3)
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
.IR "LIBTP: Portable, Modular Transactions for UNIX" ,
|
.IR "LIBTP: Portable, Modular Transactions for UNIX" ,
|
||||||
Margo Seltzer, Michael Olson, USENIX proceedings, Winter 1992.
|
Margo Seltzer, Michael Olson, USENIX proceedings, Winter 1992.
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ The
|
||||||
function allows an application to inquire at run time to find
|
function allows an application to inquire at run time to find
|
||||||
out which shared objects it has loaded,
|
out which shared objects it has loaded,
|
||||||
and the order in which they were loaded.
|
and the order in which they were loaded.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
The
|
The
|
||||||
.BR dl_iterate_phdr ()
|
.BR dl_iterate_phdr ()
|
||||||
function walks through the list of an
|
function walks through the list of an
|
||||||
|
@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ once for each object,
|
||||||
until either all shared objects have been processed or
|
until either all shared objects have been processed or
|
||||||
.I callback
|
.I callback
|
||||||
returns a nonzero value.
|
returns a nonzero value.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
Each call to
|
Each call to
|
||||||
.I callback
|
.I callback
|
||||||
receives three arguments:
|
receives three arguments:
|
||||||
|
@ -68,11 +68,11 @@ program as the second argument (also named
|
||||||
.IR data )
|
.IR data )
|
||||||
in the call to
|
in the call to
|
||||||
.BR dl_iterate_phdr ().
|
.BR dl_iterate_phdr ().
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
The
|
The
|
||||||
.I info
|
.I info
|
||||||
argument is a structure of the following type:
|
argument is a structure of the following type:
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
.in +4n
|
.in +4n
|
||||||
.nf
|
.nf
|
||||||
struct dl_phdr_info {
|
struct dl_phdr_info {
|
||||||
|
@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ struct dl_phdr_info {
|
||||||
};
|
};
|
||||||
.fi
|
.fi
|
||||||
.in
|
.in
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
(The
|
(The
|
||||||
.IR ElfW ()
|
.IR ElfW ()
|
||||||
macro definition turns its argument into the name of an ELF data
|
macro definition turns its argument into the name of an ELF data
|
||||||
|
@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ yields the data type name
|
||||||
Further information on these types can be found in the
|
Further information on these types can be found in the
|
||||||
.IR <elf.h> " and " <link.h>
|
.IR <elf.h> " and " <link.h>
|
||||||
header files.)
|
header files.)
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
The
|
The
|
||||||
.I dlpi_addr
|
.I dlpi_addr
|
||||||
field indicates the base address of the shared object
|
field indicates the base address of the shared object
|
||||||
|
@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ The
|
||||||
.I dlpi_name
|
.I dlpi_name
|
||||||
field is a null-terminated string giving the pathname
|
field is a null-terminated string giving the pathname
|
||||||
from which the shared object was loaded.
|
from which the shared object was loaded.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
To understand the meaning of the
|
To understand the meaning of the
|
||||||
.I dlpi_phdr
|
.I dlpi_phdr
|
||||||
and
|
and
|
||||||
|
@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ shared object.
|
||||||
The
|
The
|
||||||
.I dlpi_phnum
|
.I dlpi_phnum
|
||||||
field indicates the size of this array.
|
field indicates the size of this array.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
These program headers are structures of the following form:
|
These program headers are structures of the following form:
|
||||||
.in +4n
|
.in +4n
|
||||||
.nf
|
.nf
|
||||||
|
@ -161,21 +161,21 @@ typedef struct {
|
||||||
} Elf32_Phdr;
|
} Elf32_Phdr;
|
||||||
.fi
|
.fi
|
||||||
.in
|
.in
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
Note that we can calculate the location of a particular program header,
|
Note that we can calculate the location of a particular program header,
|
||||||
.IR x ,
|
.IR x ,
|
||||||
in virtual memory using the formula:
|
in virtual memory using the formula:
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
.nf
|
.nf
|
||||||
addr == info\->dlpi_addr + info\->dlpi_phdr[x].p_vaddr;
|
addr == info\->dlpi_addr + info\->dlpi_phdr[x].p_vaddr;
|
||||||
.fi
|
.fi
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
Possible values for
|
Possible values for
|
||||||
.I p_type
|
.I p_type
|
||||||
include the following (see
|
include the following (see
|
||||||
.IR <elf.h>
|
.IR <elf.h>
|
||||||
for further details):
|
for further details):
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
.nf
|
.nf
|
||||||
.in +4n
|
.in +4n
|
||||||
#define PT_LOAD 1 /* Loadable program segment */
|
#define PT_LOAD 1 /* Loadable program segment */
|
||||||
|
@ -211,7 +211,7 @@ T{
|
||||||
.BR dl_iterate_phdr ()
|
.BR dl_iterate_phdr ()
|
||||||
T} Thread safety MT-Safe
|
T} Thread safety MT-Safe
|
||||||
.TE
|
.TE
|
||||||
|
.sp 1
|
||||||
.SH CONFORMING TO
|
.SH CONFORMING TO
|
||||||
The
|
The
|
||||||
.BR dl_iterate_phdr ()
|
.BR dl_iterate_phdr ()
|
||||||
|
@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ structure; in that event, the
|
||||||
.I size
|
.I size
|
||||||
argument provides a mechanism for the callback function to discover
|
argument provides a mechanism for the callback function to discover
|
||||||
whether it is running on a system with added fields.
|
whether it is running on a system with added fields.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
The first object visited by
|
The first object visited by
|
||||||
.IR callback
|
.IR callback
|
||||||
is the main program.
|
is the main program.
|
||||||
|
@ -247,7 +247,7 @@ shared objects it has loaded.
|
||||||
For each shared object, the program lists some information
|
For each shared object, the program lists some information
|
||||||
(virtual address, size, flags, and type)
|
(virtual address, size, flags, and type)
|
||||||
for each of the objects ELF segments.
|
for each of the objects ELF segments.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
The following shell session demonstrates the output
|
The following shell session demonstrates the output
|
||||||
produced by the program on an x86-64 system.
|
produced by the program on an x86-64 system.
|
||||||
The first shared object for which output is displayed
|
The first shared object for which output is displayed
|
||||||
|
@ -292,7 +292,7 @@ Name: "/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2" (7 segments)
|
||||||
6: [0x7f55718afba0; memsz: 460] flags: 0x4; PT_GNU_RELRO
|
6: [0x7f55718afba0; memsz: 460] flags: 0x4; PT_GNU_RELRO
|
||||||
.in
|
.in
|
||||||
.fi
|
.fi
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
.SS Program source
|
.SS Program source
|
||||||
\&
|
\&
|
||||||
.nf
|
.nf
|
||||||
|
@ -352,6 +352,6 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
|
||||||
.BR dlopen (3),
|
.BR dlopen (3),
|
||||||
.BR elf (5),
|
.BR elf (5),
|
||||||
.BR ld.so (8)
|
.BR ld.so (8)
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
.IR "Executable and Linking Format Specification" ,
|
.IR "Executable and Linking Format Specification" ,
|
||||||
available at various locations online.
|
available at various locations online.
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ could be found, then
|
||||||
and
|
and
|
||||||
.I dli_saddr
|
.I dli_saddr
|
||||||
are set to NULL.
|
are set to NULL.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
The function
|
The function
|
||||||
.BR dladdr1 ()
|
.BR dladdr1 ()
|
||||||
is like
|
is like
|
||||||
|
@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ structure (i.e.,
|
||||||
defined in
|
defined in
|
||||||
.I <link.h>
|
.I <link.h>
|
||||||
as:
|
as:
|
||||||
|
.IP
|
||||||
.in +4n
|
.in +4n
|
||||||
.nf
|
.nf
|
||||||
struct link_map {
|
struct link_map {
|
||||||
|
@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ yields the data type name
|
||||||
which is defined in
|
which is defined in
|
||||||
.IR <elf.h>
|
.IR <elf.h>
|
||||||
as:
|
as:
|
||||||
|
.IP
|
||||||
.in +4n
|
.in +4n
|
||||||
.nf
|
.nf
|
||||||
typedef struct {
|
typedef struct {
|
||||||
|
@ -147,11 +147,11 @@ typedef struct {
|
||||||
} Elf64_Sym;
|
} Elf64_Sym;
|
||||||
.fi
|
.fi
|
||||||
.in
|
.in
|
||||||
|
.IP
|
||||||
The
|
The
|
||||||
.I st_name
|
.I st_name
|
||||||
field is an index into the string table.
|
field is an index into the string table.
|
||||||
|
.IP
|
||||||
The
|
The
|
||||||
.I st_info
|
.I st_info
|
||||||
field encodes the symbol's type and binding.
|
field encodes the symbol's type and binding.
|
||||||
|
@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ but not to a symbol in the shared object, then the
|
||||||
and
|
and
|
||||||
.I info->dli_saddr
|
.I info->dli_saddr
|
||||||
fields are set to NULL.
|
fields are set to NULL.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
If the address specified in
|
If the address specified in
|
||||||
.I addr
|
.I addr
|
||||||
could not be matched to a shared object, then these functions return 0.
|
could not be matched to a shared object, then these functions return 0.
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ since the last call to
|
||||||
The returned string does
|
The returned string does
|
||||||
.I not
|
.I not
|
||||||
include a trailing newline.
|
include a trailing newline.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
.BR dlerror ()
|
.BR dlerror ()
|
||||||
returns NULL if no errors have occurred since initialization or since
|
returns NULL if no errors have occurred since initialization or since
|
||||||
it was last called.
|
it was last called.
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ The
|
||||||
argument is a pointer to a buffer used to store information
|
argument is a pointer to a buffer used to store information
|
||||||
returned by the call; the type of this argument depends on
|
returned by the call; the type of this argument depends on
|
||||||
.IR request .
|
.IR request .
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
The following values are supported for
|
The following values are supported for
|
||||||
.IR request
|
.IR request
|
||||||
(with the corresponding type for
|
(with the corresponding type for
|
||||||
|
@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ argument points to a pointer to a
|
||||||
structure, defined in
|
structure, defined in
|
||||||
.I <link.h>
|
.I <link.h>
|
||||||
as:
|
as:
|
||||||
|
.IP
|
||||||
.in +4n
|
.in +4n
|
||||||
.nf
|
.nf
|
||||||
struct link_map {
|
struct link_map {
|
||||||
|
@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ to obtain the library search paths.
|
||||||
The
|
The
|
||||||
.I Dl_serinfo
|
.I Dl_serinfo
|
||||||
structure is defined as follows:
|
structure is defined as follows:
|
||||||
|
.IP
|
||||||
.in +4n
|
.in +4n
|
||||||
.nf
|
.nf
|
||||||
typedef struct {
|
typedef struct {
|
||||||
|
@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ typedef struct {
|
||||||
Each of the
|
Each of the
|
||||||
.I dls_serpath
|
.I dls_serpath
|
||||||
elements in the above structure is a structure of the following form:
|
elements in the above structure is a structure of the following form:
|
||||||
|
.IP
|
||||||
.in +4n
|
.in +4n
|
||||||
.nf
|
.nf
|
||||||
typedef struct {
|
typedef struct {
|
||||||
|
@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ typedef struct {
|
||||||
} Dl_serpath;
|
} Dl_serpath;
|
||||||
.fi
|
.fi
|
||||||
.in
|
.in
|
||||||
|
.IP
|
||||||
The
|
The
|
||||||
.I dls_flags
|
.I dls_flags
|
||||||
field is currently unused, and always contains zero.
|
field is currently unused, and always contains zero.
|
||||||
|
@ -250,7 +250,7 @@ and
|
||||||
.B RTLD_DI_SERINFO
|
.B RTLD_DI_SERINFO
|
||||||
requests to obtain the library search path list for the library.
|
requests to obtain the library search path list for the library.
|
||||||
Here is an example of what we might see when running the program:
|
Here is an example of what we might see when running the program:
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
.in +4n
|
.in +4n
|
||||||
.nf
|
.nf
|
||||||
$ \fB./a.out /lib64/libm.so.6\fP
|
$ \fB./a.out /lib64/libm.so.6\fP
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ This handle is employed with other functions in the dlopen API, such as
|
||||||
.BR dlinfo (3),
|
.BR dlinfo (3),
|
||||||
and
|
and
|
||||||
.BR dlclose ().
|
.BR dlclose ().
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
If
|
If
|
||||||
.I filename
|
.I filename
|
||||||
.\" FIXME On Solaris, when handle is NULL, we seem to get back
|
.\" FIXME On Solaris, when handle is NULL, we seem to get back
|
||||||
|
@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ and
|
||||||
.I flags
|
.I flags
|
||||||
arguments, as well as the return value, are the same,
|
arguments, as well as the return value, are the same,
|
||||||
except for the differences noted below.
|
except for the differences noted below.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
The
|
The
|
||||||
.BR dlmopen ()
|
.BR dlmopen ()
|
||||||
function differs from
|
function differs from
|
||||||
|
@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ call is made.)
|
||||||
The
|
The
|
||||||
.I Lmid_t
|
.I Lmid_t
|
||||||
type is an opaque handle that refers to a namespace.
|
type is an opaque handle that refers to a namespace.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
The
|
The
|
||||||
.I lmid
|
.I lmid
|
||||||
argument is either the ID of an existing namespace
|
argument is either the ID of an existing namespace
|
||||||
|
@ -300,7 +300,7 @@ All shared objects that were automatically loaded when
|
||||||
was invoked on the object referred to by
|
was invoked on the object referred to by
|
||||||
.I handle
|
.I handle
|
||||||
are recursively closed in the same manner.
|
are recursively closed in the same manner.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
A successful return from
|
A successful return from
|
||||||
.BR dlclose ()
|
.BR dlclose ()
|
||||||
does not guarantee that the symbols associated with
|
does not guarantee that the symbols associated with
|
||||||
|
@ -322,11 +322,11 @@ On error
|
||||||
(file could not be found, was not readable, had the wrong format,
|
(file could not be found, was not readable, had the wrong format,
|
||||||
or caused errors during loading),
|
or caused errors during loading),
|
||||||
these functions return NULL.
|
these functions return NULL.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
On success,
|
On success,
|
||||||
.BR dlclose ()
|
.BR dlclose ()
|
||||||
returns 0; on error, it returns a nonzero value.
|
returns 0; on error, it returns a nonzero value.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
Errors from these functions can be diagnosed using
|
Errors from these functions can be diagnosed using
|
||||||
.BR dlerror (3).
|
.BR dlerror (3).
|
||||||
.SH VERSIONS
|
.SH VERSIONS
|
||||||
|
@ -358,7 +358,7 @@ and
|
||||||
The
|
The
|
||||||
.BR dlmopen ()
|
.BR dlmopen ()
|
||||||
function is a GNU extension.
|
function is a GNU extension.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
The
|
The
|
||||||
.BR RTLD_NOLOAD ,
|
.BR RTLD_NOLOAD ,
|
||||||
.BR RTLD_NODELETE ,
|
.BR RTLD_NODELETE ,
|
||||||
|
@ -375,7 +375,7 @@ dependent shared objects are implicitly loaded according to the usual rules,
|
||||||
and symbol references are likewise resolved according to the usual rules,
|
and symbol references are likewise resolved according to the usual rules,
|
||||||
but such resolution is confined to the definitions provided by the
|
but such resolution is confined to the definitions provided by the
|
||||||
objects that have been (explicitly and implicitly) loaded into the namespace.
|
objects that have been (explicitly and implicitly) loaded into the namespace.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
The
|
The
|
||||||
.BR dlmopen ()
|
.BR dlmopen ()
|
||||||
function permits object-load isolation\(emthe ability
|
function permits object-load isolation\(emthe ability
|
||||||
|
@ -395,7 +395,7 @@ without exposing those symbols to the entire application.
|
||||||
This can be achieved by using a separate namespace and the
|
This can be achieved by using a separate namespace and the
|
||||||
.B RTLD_GLOBAL
|
.B RTLD_GLOBAL
|
||||||
flag.
|
flag.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
The
|
The
|
||||||
.BR dlmopen ()
|
.BR dlmopen ()
|
||||||
function also can be used to provide better isolation than the
|
function also can be used to provide better isolation than the
|
||||||
|
@ -411,7 +411,7 @@ Thus,
|
||||||
.BR RTLD_LOCAL
|
.BR RTLD_LOCAL
|
||||||
is insufficient to isolate a loaded shared object except in the (uncommon)
|
is insufficient to isolate a loaded shared object except in the (uncommon)
|
||||||
case where one has explicit control over all shared object dependencies.
|
case where one has explicit control over all shared object dependencies.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
Possible uses of
|
Possible uses of
|
||||||
.BR dlmopen ()
|
.BR dlmopen ()
|
||||||
are plugins where the author of the plugin-loading framework
|
are plugins where the author of the plugin-loading framework
|
||||||
|
@ -426,7 +426,7 @@ Using
|
||||||
.BR dlmopen (),
|
.BR dlmopen (),
|
||||||
this can be achieved by loading the same shared object file into
|
this can be achieved by loading the same shared object file into
|
||||||
different namespaces.
|
different namespaces.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
The glibc implementation supports a maximum of
|
The glibc implementation supports a maximum of
|
||||||
.\" DL_NNS
|
.\" DL_NNS
|
||||||
16 namespaces.
|
16 namespaces.
|
||||||
|
@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ See the
|
||||||
info pages (under "Function attributes")
|
info pages (under "Function attributes")
|
||||||
.\" info gcc "C Extensions" "Function attributes"
|
.\" info gcc "C Extensions" "Function attributes"
|
||||||
for further information.
|
for further information.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
An older method of (partially) achieving the same result is via the use of
|
An older method of (partially) achieving the same result is via the use of
|
||||||
two special symbols recognized by the linker:
|
two special symbols recognized by the linker:
|
||||||
.B _init
|
.B _init
|
||||||
|
@ -491,7 +491,7 @@ permit multiple initialization and finalization functions to be defined.
|
||||||
.\" .\" void _init(void) __attribute__((constructor));
|
.\" .\" void _init(void) __attribute__((constructor));
|
||||||
.\" .\" void _fini(void) __attribute__((destructor));
|
.\" .\" void _fini(void) __attribute__((destructor));
|
||||||
.\"
|
.\"
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
Since glibc 2.2.3,
|
Since glibc 2.2.3,
|
||||||
.BR atexit (3)
|
.BR atexit (3)
|
||||||
can be used to register an exit handler that is automatically
|
can be used to register an exit handler that is automatically
|
||||||
|
@ -519,7 +519,7 @@ looks up the address of the
|
||||||
.BR cos (3)
|
.BR cos (3)
|
||||||
function, and prints the cosine of 2.0.
|
function, and prints the cosine of 2.0.
|
||||||
The following is an example of building and running the program:
|
The following is an example of building and running the program:
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
.in +4n
|
.in +4n
|
||||||
.nf
|
.nf
|
||||||
$ \fBcc dlopen_demo.c \-ldl\fP
|
$ \fBcc dlopen_demo.c \-ldl\fP
|
||||||
|
@ -594,5 +594,5 @@ main(void)
|
||||||
.BR rtld-audit (7),
|
.BR rtld-audit (7),
|
||||||
.BR ld.so (8),
|
.BR ld.so (8),
|
||||||
.BR ldconfig (8)
|
.BR ldconfig (8)
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
gcc info pages, ld info pages
|
gcc info pages, ld info pages
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ returns NULL.
|
||||||
(The search performed by
|
(The search performed by
|
||||||
.BR dlsym ()
|
.BR dlsym ()
|
||||||
is breadth first through the dependency tree of these shared objects.)
|
is breadth first through the dependency tree of these shared objects.)
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
Since the value of the symbol could actually be NULL (so that a
|
Since the value of the symbol could actually be NULL (so that a
|
||||||
NULL return from
|
NULL return from
|
||||||
.BR dlsym ()
|
.BR dlsym ()
|
||||||
|
@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ and
|
||||||
.B RTLD_NEXT
|
.B RTLD_NEXT
|
||||||
from
|
from
|
||||||
.IR <dlfcn.h> .
|
.IR <dlfcn.h> .
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
.PP
|
.PP
|
||||||
The function
|
The function
|
||||||
.BR dlvsym ()
|
.BR dlvsym ()
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ These functions are the reentrant analogs of the functions described in
|
||||||
Instead of modifying the global random generator state, they use
|
Instead of modifying the global random generator state, they use
|
||||||
the supplied data
|
the supplied data
|
||||||
.IR buffer .
|
.IR buffer .
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
Before the first use, this struct must be initialized, for example,
|
Before the first use, this struct must be initialized, for example,
|
||||||
by filling it with zeros, or by calling one of the functions
|
by filling it with zeros, or by calling one of the functions
|
||||||
.BR srand48_r (),
|
.BR srand48_r (),
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ The
|
||||||
.BR duplocale ()
|
.BR duplocale ()
|
||||||
function creates a duplicate of the locale object referred to by
|
function creates a duplicate of the locale object referred to by
|
||||||
.IR locobj .
|
.IR locobj .
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
If
|
If
|
||||||
.I locobj
|
.I locobj
|
||||||
is
|
is
|
||||||
|
@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ other functions that employ a locale handle, such as
|
||||||
This is done by applying
|
This is done by applying
|
||||||
.BR duplocale ()
|
.BR duplocale ()
|
||||||
to the value returned by the following call:
|
to the value returned by the following call:
|
||||||
|
.IP
|
||||||
loc = uselocale((locale_t) 0);
|
loc = uselocale((locale_t) 0);
|
||||||
.IP
|
.IP
|
||||||
This technique is necessary, because the above
|
This technique is necessary, because the above
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ T} Thread safety MT-Safe
|
||||||
.BR encrypt (),
|
.BR encrypt (),
|
||||||
.BR setkey ():
|
.BR setkey ():
|
||||||
POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008, SUS, SVr4.
|
POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008, SUS, SVr4.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
The functions
|
The functions
|
||||||
.BR encrypt_r ()
|
.BR encrypt_r ()
|
||||||
and
|
and
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ they are not standardized; use with caution.
|
||||||
.SH NOTES
|
.SH NOTES
|
||||||
The program must explicitly declare these symbols;
|
The program must explicitly declare these symbols;
|
||||||
they are not defined in any header file.
|
they are not defined in any header file.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
On some systems the names of these symbols are preceded by underscores,
|
On some systems the names of these symbols are preceded by underscores,
|
||||||
thus:
|
thus:
|
||||||
.IR _etext ,
|
.IR _etext ,
|
||||||
|
@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ thus:
|
||||||
and
|
and
|
||||||
.IR _end .
|
.IR _end .
|
||||||
These symbols are also defined for programs compiled on Linux.
|
These symbols are also defined for programs compiled on Linux.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
At the start of program execution,
|
At the start of program execution,
|
||||||
the program break will be somewhere near
|
the program break will be somewhere near
|
||||||
.IR &end
|
.IR &end
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -77,21 +77,21 @@ Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see
|
||||||
These functions convert the byte encoding of integer values from
|
These functions convert the byte encoding of integer values from
|
||||||
the byte order that the current CPU (the "host") uses,
|
the byte order that the current CPU (the "host") uses,
|
||||||
to and from little-endian and big-endian byte order.
|
to and from little-endian and big-endian byte order.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
The number,
|
The number,
|
||||||
.IR nn ,
|
.IR nn ,
|
||||||
in the name of each function indicates the size of
|
in the name of each function indicates the size of
|
||||||
integer handled by the function, either 16, 32, or 64 bits.
|
integer handled by the function, either 16, 32, or 64 bits.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
The functions with names of the form "htobe\fInn\fP" convert
|
The functions with names of the form "htobe\fInn\fP" convert
|
||||||
from host byte order to big-endian order.
|
from host byte order to big-endian order.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
The functions with names of the form "htole\fInn\fP" convert
|
The functions with names of the form "htole\fInn\fP" convert
|
||||||
from host byte order to little-endian order.
|
from host byte order to little-endian order.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
The functions with names of the form "be\fInn\fPtoh" convert
|
The functions with names of the form "be\fInn\fPtoh" convert
|
||||||
from big-endian order to host byte order.
|
from big-endian order to host byte order.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
The functions with names of the form "le\fInn\fPtoh" convert
|
The functions with names of the form "le\fInn\fPtoh" convert
|
||||||
from little-endian order to host byte order.
|
from little-endian order to host byte order.
|
||||||
.SH VERSIONS
|
.SH VERSIONS
|
||||||
|
@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ For example,
|
||||||
.BR be32toh ()
|
.BR be32toh ()
|
||||||
is identical to
|
is identical to
|
||||||
.BR ntohl ().
|
.BR ntohl ().
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
The advantage of the
|
The advantage of the
|
||||||
.BR byteorder (3)
|
.BR byteorder (3)
|
||||||
functions is that they are standard functions available
|
functions is that they are standard functions available
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ T{
|
||||||
.BR envz_strip ()
|
.BR envz_strip ()
|
||||||
T} Thread safety MT-Safe
|
T} Thread safety MT-Safe
|
||||||
.TE
|
.TE
|
||||||
|
.sp 1
|
||||||
.SH CONFORMING TO
|
.SH CONFORMING TO
|
||||||
These functions are a GNU extension.
|
These functions are a GNU extension.
|
||||||
Handle with care.
|
Handle with care.
|
||||||
|
|
10
man3/erf.3
10
man3/erf.3
|
@ -77,20 +77,20 @@ defined as
|
||||||
On success, these functions return the error function of
|
On success, these functions return the error function of
|
||||||
.IR x ,
|
.IR x ,
|
||||||
a value in the range [\-1,\ 1].
|
a value in the range [\-1,\ 1].
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
If
|
If
|
||||||
.I x
|
.I x
|
||||||
is a NaN, a NaN is returned.
|
is a NaN, a NaN is returned.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
If
|
If
|
||||||
.I x
|
.I x
|
||||||
is +0 (\-0), +0 (\-0) is returned.
|
is +0 (\-0), +0 (\-0) is returned.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
If
|
If
|
||||||
.I x
|
.I x
|
||||||
is positive infinity (negative infinity),
|
is positive infinity (negative infinity),
|
||||||
+1 (\-1) is returned.
|
+1 (\-1) is returned.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
If
|
If
|
||||||
.I x
|
.I x
|
||||||
is subnormal,
|
is subnormal,
|
||||||
|
@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ T} Thread safety MT-Safe
|
||||||
.TE
|
.TE
|
||||||
.SH CONFORMING TO
|
.SH CONFORMING TO
|
||||||
C99, POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008.
|
C99, POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
The variant returning
|
The variant returning
|
||||||
.I double
|
.I double
|
||||||
also conforms to
|
also conforms to
|
||||||
|
|
14
man3/erfc.3
14
man3/erfc.3
|
@ -66,28 +66,28 @@ that is, 1.0 \- erf(x).
|
||||||
On success, these functions return the complementary error function of
|
On success, these functions return the complementary error function of
|
||||||
.IR x ,
|
.IR x ,
|
||||||
a value in the range [0,2].
|
a value in the range [0,2].
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
If
|
If
|
||||||
.I x
|
.I x
|
||||||
is a NaN, a NaN is returned.
|
is a NaN, a NaN is returned.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
If
|
If
|
||||||
.I x
|
.I x
|
||||||
is +0 or \-0, 1 is returned.
|
is +0 or \-0, 1 is returned.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
If
|
If
|
||||||
.I x
|
.I x
|
||||||
is positive infinity,
|
is positive infinity,
|
||||||
+0 is returned.
|
+0 is returned.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
If
|
If
|
||||||
.I x
|
.I x
|
||||||
is negative infinity,
|
is negative infinity,
|
||||||
+2 is returned.
|
+2 is returned.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
If the function result underflows and produces an unrepresentable value,
|
If the function result underflows and produces an unrepresentable value,
|
||||||
the return value is 0.0.
|
the return value is 0.0.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
If the function result underflows but produces a representable
|
If the function result underflows but produces a representable
|
||||||
(i.e., subnormal) value,
|
(i.e., subnormal) value,
|
||||||
.\" e.g., erfc(27) on x86-32
|
.\" e.g., erfc(27) on x86-32
|
||||||
|
@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ T} Thread safety MT-Safe
|
||||||
.TE
|
.TE
|
||||||
.SH CONFORMING TO
|
.SH CONFORMING TO
|
||||||
C99, POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008.
|
C99, POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
The variant returning
|
The variant returning
|
||||||
.I double
|
.I double
|
||||||
also conforms to
|
also conforms to
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ T{
|
||||||
.BR vwarnx ()
|
.BR vwarnx ()
|
||||||
T} Thread safety MT-Safe locale
|
T} Thread safety MT-Safe locale
|
||||||
.TE
|
.TE
|
||||||
|
.sp 1
|
||||||
.SH CONFORMING TO
|
.SH CONFORMING TO
|
||||||
These functions are nonstandard BSD extensions.
|
These functions are nonstandard BSD extensions.
|
||||||
.\" .SH HISTORY
|
.\" .SH HISTORY
|
||||||
|
|
14
man3/errno.3
14
man3/errno.3
|
@ -50,12 +50,12 @@ a function that succeeds
|
||||||
.I is
|
.I is
|
||||||
allowed to change
|
allowed to change
|
||||||
.IR errno .
|
.IR errno .
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
Valid error numbers are all nonzero;
|
Valid error numbers are all nonzero;
|
||||||
.I errno
|
.I errno
|
||||||
is never set to zero
|
is never set to zero
|
||||||
by any system call or library function.
|
by any system call or library function.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
For some system calls and library functions (e.g.,
|
For some system calls and library functions (e.g.,
|
||||||
.BR getpriority (2)),
|
.BR getpriority (2)),
|
||||||
\-1 is a valid return on success.
|
\-1 is a valid return on success.
|
||||||
|
@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ if the call returns a status that indicates that an error
|
||||||
may have occurred, checking to see if
|
may have occurred, checking to see if
|
||||||
.I errno
|
.I errno
|
||||||
has a nonzero value.
|
has a nonzero value.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
.I errno
|
.I errno
|
||||||
is defined by the ISO C standard to be a modifiable lvalue
|
is defined by the ISO C standard to be a modifiable lvalue
|
||||||
of type
|
of type
|
||||||
|
@ -78,14 +78,14 @@ may be a macro.
|
||||||
.I errno
|
.I errno
|
||||||
is thread-local; setting it in one thread
|
is thread-local; setting it in one thread
|
||||||
does not affect its value in any other thread.
|
does not affect its value in any other thread.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
All the error names specified by POSIX.1
|
All the error names specified by POSIX.1
|
||||||
must have distinct values, with the exception of
|
must have distinct values, with the exception of
|
||||||
.B EAGAIN
|
.B EAGAIN
|
||||||
and
|
and
|
||||||
.BR EWOULDBLOCK ,
|
.BR EWOULDBLOCK ,
|
||||||
which may be the same.
|
which may be the same.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
.\" The following is now
|
.\" The following is now
|
||||||
.\" POSIX.1 (2001 edition) lists the following symbolic error names. Of
|
.\" POSIX.1 (2001 edition) lists the following symbolic error names. Of
|
||||||
.\" these, \fBEDOM\fP and \fBERANGE\fP are in the ISO C standard. ISO C
|
.\" these, \fBEDOM\fP and \fBERANGE\fP are in the ISO C standard. ISO C
|
||||||
|
@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ Identifier removed (POSIX.1).
|
||||||
.TP
|
.TP
|
||||||
.B EILSEQ
|
.B EILSEQ
|
||||||
Invalid or incomplete multibyte or wide character (POSIX.1, C99).
|
Invalid or incomplete multibyte or wide character (POSIX.1, C99).
|
||||||
|
.IP
|
||||||
The text shown here is the glibc error description;
|
The text shown here is the glibc error description;
|
||||||
in POSIX.1, this error is described as "Illegal byte sequence".
|
in POSIX.1, this error is described as "Illegal byte sequence".
|
||||||
.TP
|
.TP
|
||||||
|
@ -327,7 +327,7 @@ No such device (POSIX.1).
|
||||||
.TP
|
.TP
|
||||||
.B ENOENT
|
.B ENOENT
|
||||||
No such file or directory (POSIX.1).
|
No such file or directory (POSIX.1).
|
||||||
|
.IP
|
||||||
Typically, this error results when a specified pathname does not exist,
|
Typically, this error results when a specified pathname does not exist,
|
||||||
or one of the components in the directory prefix of a pathname does not exist,
|
or one of the components in the directory prefix of a pathname does not exist,
|
||||||
or the specified pathname is a dangling symbolic link.
|
or the specified pathname is a dangling symbolic link.
|
||||||
|
|
14
man3/error.3
14
man3/error.3
|
@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ should follow
|
||||||
.I format
|
.I format
|
||||||
in the argument list.
|
in the argument list.
|
||||||
The output is terminated by a newline character.
|
The output is terminated by a newline character.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
The program name printed by
|
The program name printed by
|
||||||
.BR error ()
|
.BR error ()
|
||||||
is the value of the global variable
|
is the value of the global variable
|
||||||
|
@ -72,13 +72,13 @@ initially has the same value as
|
||||||
.IR argv[0] .
|
.IR argv[0] .
|
||||||
The value of this variable can be modified to change the output of
|
The value of this variable can be modified to change the output of
|
||||||
.BR error ().
|
.BR error ().
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
If \fIstatus\fP has a nonzero value, then
|
If \fIstatus\fP has a nonzero value, then
|
||||||
.BR error ()
|
.BR error ()
|
||||||
calls
|
calls
|
||||||
.BR exit (3)
|
.BR exit (3)
|
||||||
to terminate the program using the given value as the exit status.
|
to terminate the program using the given value as the exit status.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
The
|
The
|
||||||
.BR error_at_line ()
|
.BR error_at_line ()
|
||||||
function is exactly the same as
|
function is exactly the same as
|
||||||
|
@ -98,20 +98,20 @@ The preprocessor values \fB__LINE__\fP and
|
||||||
.BR error_at_line (),
|
.BR error_at_line (),
|
||||||
but other values can also be used.
|
but other values can also be used.
|
||||||
For example, these arguments could refer to a location in an input file.
|
For example, these arguments could refer to a location in an input file.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
If the global variable \fIerror_one_per_line\fP is set nonzero,
|
If the global variable \fIerror_one_per_line\fP is set nonzero,
|
||||||
a sequence of
|
a sequence of
|
||||||
.BR error_at_line ()
|
.BR error_at_line ()
|
||||||
calls with the
|
calls with the
|
||||||
same value of \fIfilename\fP and \fIlinenum\fP will result in only
|
same value of \fIfilename\fP and \fIlinenum\fP will result in only
|
||||||
one message (the first) being output.
|
one message (the first) being output.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
The global variable \fIerror_message_count\fP counts the number of
|
The global variable \fIerror_message_count\fP counts the number of
|
||||||
messages that have been output by
|
messages that have been output by
|
||||||
.BR error ()
|
.BR error ()
|
||||||
and
|
and
|
||||||
.BR error_at_line ().
|
.BR error_at_line ().
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
If the global variable \fIerror_print_progname\fP
|
If the global variable \fIerror_print_progname\fP
|
||||||
is assigned the address of a function
|
is assigned the address of a function
|
||||||
(i.e., is not NULL), then that function is called
|
(i.e., is not NULL), then that function is called
|
||||||
|
@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ MT-Unsafe\ race: error_at_line/error_one_per_line locale
|
||||||
T}
|
T}
|
||||||
.TE
|
.TE
|
||||||
.ad
|
.ad
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
The internal
|
The internal
|
||||||
.I error_one_per_line
|
.I error_one_per_line
|
||||||
variable is accessed (without any form of synchronization, but since it's an
|
variable is accessed (without any form of synchronization, but since it's an
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -44,13 +44,13 @@ However, whereas
|
||||||
performs checks using the real user and group identifiers of the process,
|
performs checks using the real user and group identifiers of the process,
|
||||||
.BR euidaccess ()
|
.BR euidaccess ()
|
||||||
uses the effective identifiers.
|
uses the effective identifiers.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
.I mode
|
.I mode
|
||||||
is a mask consisting of one or more of
|
is a mask consisting of one or more of
|
||||||
.BR R_OK ", " W_OK ", " X_OK ", and " F_OK ,
|
.BR R_OK ", " W_OK ", " X_OK ", and " F_OK ,
|
||||||
with the same meanings as for
|
with the same meanings as for
|
||||||
.BR access (2).
|
.BR access (2).
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
.BR eaccess ()
|
.BR eaccess ()
|
||||||
is a synonym for
|
is a synonym for
|
||||||
.BR euidaccess (),
|
.BR euidaccess (),
|
||||||
|
@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ performing some operation based on that information leads to race conditions:
|
||||||
the file permissions may change between the two steps.
|
the file permissions may change between the two steps.
|
||||||
Generally, it is safer just to attempt the desired operation and handle
|
Generally, it is safer just to attempt the desired operation and handle
|
||||||
any permission error that occurs.
|
any permission error that occurs.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
This function always dereferences symbolic links.
|
This function always dereferences symbolic links.
|
||||||
If you need to check the permissions on a symbolic link, use
|
If you need to check the permissions on a symbolic link, use
|
||||||
.BR faccessat (2)
|
.BR faccessat (2)
|
||||||
|
|
10
man3/exec.3
10
man3/exec.3
|
@ -158,13 +158,13 @@ the current directory followed by the list of directories returned by
|
||||||
(This
|
(This
|
||||||
.BR confstr (3)
|
.BR confstr (3)
|
||||||
call typically returns the value "/bin:/usr/bin".)
|
call typically returns the value "/bin:/usr/bin".)
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
If the specified filename includes a slash character, then
|
If the specified filename includes a slash character, then
|
||||||
.B PATH
|
.B PATH
|
||||||
is ignored, and the file at the specified pathname is executed.
|
is ignored, and the file at the specified pathname is executed.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
In addition, certain errors are treated specially.
|
In addition, certain errors are treated specially.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
If permission is denied for a file (the attempted
|
If permission is denied for a file (the attempted
|
||||||
.BR execve (2)
|
.BR execve (2)
|
||||||
failed with the error
|
failed with the error
|
||||||
|
@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ they will return with
|
||||||
.I errno
|
.I errno
|
||||||
set to
|
set to
|
||||||
.BR EACCES .
|
.BR EACCES .
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
If the header of a file isn't recognized (the attempted
|
If the header of a file isn't recognized (the attempted
|
||||||
.BR execve (2)
|
.BR execve (2)
|
||||||
failed with the error
|
failed with the error
|
||||||
|
@ -221,7 +221,7 @@ T} Thread safety MT-Safe env
|
||||||
.TE
|
.TE
|
||||||
.SH CONFORMING TO
|
.SH CONFORMING TO
|
||||||
POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008.
|
POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
The
|
The
|
||||||
.BR execvpe ()
|
.BR execvpe ()
|
||||||
function is a GNU extension.
|
function is a GNU extension.
|
||||||
|
|
14
man3/exp.3
14
man3/exp.3
|
@ -70,26 +70,26 @@ logarithms) raised to the power of
|
||||||
.SH RETURN VALUE
|
.SH RETURN VALUE
|
||||||
On success, these functions return the exponential value of
|
On success, these functions return the exponential value of
|
||||||
.IR x .
|
.IR x .
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
If
|
If
|
||||||
.I x
|
.I x
|
||||||
is a NaN,
|
is a NaN,
|
||||||
a NaN is returned.
|
a NaN is returned.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
If
|
If
|
||||||
.I x
|
.I x
|
||||||
is positive infinity,
|
is positive infinity,
|
||||||
positive infinity is returned.
|
positive infinity is returned.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
If
|
If
|
||||||
.I x
|
.I x
|
||||||
is negative infinity,
|
is negative infinity,
|
||||||
+0 is returned.
|
+0 is returned.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
If the result underflows,
|
If the result underflows,
|
||||||
a range error occurs,
|
a range error occurs,
|
||||||
and zero is returned.
|
and zero is returned.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
If the result overflows,
|
If the result overflows,
|
||||||
a range error occurs,
|
a range error occurs,
|
||||||
and the functions return
|
and the functions return
|
||||||
|
@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ See
|
||||||
.BR math_error (7)
|
.BR math_error (7)
|
||||||
for information on how to determine whether an error has occurred
|
for information on how to determine whether an error has occurred
|
||||||
when calling these functions.
|
when calling these functions.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
The following errors can occur:
|
The following errors can occur:
|
||||||
.TP
|
.TP
|
||||||
Range error, overflow
|
Range error, overflow
|
||||||
|
@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ T} Thread safety MT-Safe
|
||||||
.TE
|
.TE
|
||||||
.SH CONFORMING TO
|
.SH CONFORMING TO
|
||||||
C99, POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008.
|
C99, POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
The variant returning
|
The variant returning
|
||||||
.I double
|
.I double
|
||||||
also conforms to
|
also conforms to
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ raised to the power of
|
||||||
.SH RETURN VALUE
|
.SH RETURN VALUE
|
||||||
On success, these functions return the base-10 exponential value of
|
On success, these functions return the base-10 exponential value of
|
||||||
.IR x .
|
.IR x .
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
For various special cases, including the handling of infinity and NaN,
|
For various special cases, including the handling of infinity and NaN,
|
||||||
as well as overflows and underflows, see
|
as well as overflows and underflows, see
|
||||||
.BR exp (3).
|
.BR exp (3).
|
||||||
|
@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ See
|
||||||
.BR math_error (7)
|
.BR math_error (7)
|
||||||
for information on how to determine whether an error has occurred
|
for information on how to determine whether an error has occurred
|
||||||
when calling these functions.
|
when calling these functions.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
For a discussion of the errors that can occur for these functions, see
|
For a discussion of the errors that can occur for these functions, see
|
||||||
.BR exp (3).
|
.BR exp (3).
|
||||||
.SH VERSIONS
|
.SH VERSIONS
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ These functions return the value of 2 raised to the power of
|
||||||
.SH RETURN VALUE
|
.SH RETURN VALUE
|
||||||
On success, these functions return the base-2 exponential value of
|
On success, these functions return the base-2 exponential value of
|
||||||
.IR x .
|
.IR x .
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
For various special cases, including the handling of infinity and NaN,
|
For various special cases, including the handling of infinity and NaN,
|
||||||
as well as overflows and underflows, see
|
as well as overflows and underflows, see
|
||||||
.BR exp (3).
|
.BR exp (3).
|
||||||
|
@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ See
|
||||||
.BR math_error (7)
|
.BR math_error (7)
|
||||||
for information on how to determine whether an error has occurred
|
for information on how to determine whether an error has occurred
|
||||||
when calling these functions.
|
when calling these functions.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
For a discussion of the errors that can occur for these functions, see
|
For a discussion of the errors that can occur for these functions, see
|
||||||
.BR exp (3).
|
.BR exp (3).
|
||||||
.SH VERSIONS
|
.SH VERSIONS
|
||||||
|
@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ T} Thread safety MT-Safe
|
||||||
.TE
|
.TE
|
||||||
.SH CONFORMING TO
|
.SH CONFORMING TO
|
||||||
C99, POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008.
|
C99, POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
The variant returning
|
The variant returning
|
||||||
.I double
|
.I double
|
||||||
also conforms to
|
also conforms to
|
||||||
|
|
14
man3/expm1.3
14
man3/expm1.3
|
@ -83,25 +83,25 @@ subtraction of two numbers that are nearly equal.
|
||||||
.SH RETURN VALUE
|
.SH RETURN VALUE
|
||||||
On success, these functions return
|
On success, these functions return
|
||||||
.IR "exp(x)\ \-\ 1" .
|
.IR "exp(x)\ \-\ 1" .
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
If
|
If
|
||||||
.I x
|
.I x
|
||||||
is a NaN,
|
is a NaN,
|
||||||
a NaN is returned.
|
a NaN is returned.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
If
|
If
|
||||||
.I x
|
.I x
|
||||||
is +0 (\-0),
|
is +0 (\-0),
|
||||||
+0 (\-0) is returned.
|
+0 (\-0) is returned.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
If
|
If
|
||||||
.I x
|
.I x
|
||||||
is positive infinity, positive infinity is returned.
|
is positive infinity, positive infinity is returned.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
If
|
If
|
||||||
.I x
|
.I x
|
||||||
is negative infinity, \-1 is returned.
|
is negative infinity, \-1 is returned.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
If the result overflows, a range error occurs,
|
If the result overflows, a range error occurs,
|
||||||
and the functions return
|
and the functions return
|
||||||
.RB - HUGE_VAL ,
|
.RB - HUGE_VAL ,
|
||||||
|
@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ values (where the function result approaches \-1),
|
||||||
raises a bogus underflow floating-point exception.
|
raises a bogus underflow floating-point exception.
|
||||||
.\" FIXME .
|
.\" FIXME .
|
||||||
.\" Bug raised: http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6778
|
.\" Bug raised: http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6778
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
For some large positive
|
For some large positive
|
||||||
.I x
|
.I x
|
||||||
values,
|
values,
|
||||||
|
@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ overflow exception, and returns a NaN instead of positive infinity.
|
||||||
.\" Bug raised: http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6814
|
.\" Bug raised: http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6814
|
||||||
.\" e.g., expm1(1e5) through expm1(1.00199970127e5),
|
.\" e.g., expm1(1e5) through expm1(1.00199970127e5),
|
||||||
.\" but not expm1(1.00199970128e5) and beyond.
|
.\" but not expm1(1.00199970128e5) and beyond.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
Before version 2.11,
|
Before version 2.11,
|
||||||
.\" It looks like the fix was in 2.11, or possibly 2.12.
|
.\" It looks like the fix was in 2.11, or possibly 2.12.
|
||||||
.\" I have no test system for 2.11, but 2.12 passes.
|
.\" I have no test system for 2.11, but 2.12 passes.
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -66,15 +66,15 @@ number
|
||||||
.SH RETURN VALUE
|
.SH RETURN VALUE
|
||||||
These functions return the absolute value of
|
These functions return the absolute value of
|
||||||
.IR x .
|
.IR x .
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
If
|
If
|
||||||
.I x
|
.I x
|
||||||
is a NaN, a NaN is returned.
|
is a NaN, a NaN is returned.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
If
|
If
|
||||||
.I x
|
.I x
|
||||||
is \-0, +0 is returned.
|
is \-0, +0 is returned.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
If
|
If
|
||||||
.I x
|
.I x
|
||||||
is negative infinity or positive infinity, positive infinity is returned.
|
is negative infinity or positive infinity, positive infinity is returned.
|
||||||
|
@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ T} Thread safety MT-Safe
|
||||||
.TE
|
.TE
|
||||||
.SH CONFORMING TO
|
.SH CONFORMING TO
|
||||||
C99, POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008.
|
C99, POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
The variant returning
|
The variant returning
|
||||||
.I double
|
.I double
|
||||||
also conforms to
|
also conforms to
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ Buffered output for each stream is written before it is closed
|
||||||
(as for
|
(as for
|
||||||
.BR fflush (3));
|
.BR fflush (3));
|
||||||
buffered input is discarded.
|
buffered input is discarded.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
The standard streams,
|
The standard streams,
|
||||||
.IR stdin ,
|
.IR stdin ,
|
||||||
.IR stdout ,
|
.IR stdout ,
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -37,13 +37,13 @@ These functions return the positive difference, max(\fIx\fP-\fIy\fP,0),
|
||||||
between their arguments.
|
between their arguments.
|
||||||
.SH RETURN VALUE
|
.SH RETURN VALUE
|
||||||
On success, these functions return the positive difference.
|
On success, these functions return the positive difference.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
If
|
If
|
||||||
.I x
|
.I x
|
||||||
or
|
or
|
||||||
.I y
|
.I y
|
||||||
is a NaN, a NaN is returned.
|
is a NaN, a NaN is returned.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
If the result overflows,
|
If the result overflows,
|
||||||
a range error occurs,
|
a range error occurs,
|
||||||
and the functions return
|
and the functions return
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ round to nearest (the default),
|
||||||
round up (toward positive infinity),
|
round up (toward positive infinity),
|
||||||
round down (toward negative infinity), and
|
round down (toward negative infinity), and
|
||||||
round toward zero.
|
round toward zero.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
Each of the macros
|
Each of the macros
|
||||||
.BR FE_TONEAREST ,
|
.BR FE_TONEAREST ,
|
||||||
.BR FE_UPWARD ,
|
.BR FE_UPWARD ,
|
||||||
|
@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ The
|
||||||
.BR fesetround ()
|
.BR fesetround ()
|
||||||
function sets the rounding mode as specified by its argument
|
function sets the rounding mode as specified by its argument
|
||||||
and returns zero when it was successful.
|
and returns zero when it was successful.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
C99 and POSIX.1-2008 specify an identifier,
|
C99 and POSIX.1-2008 specify an identifier,
|
||||||
.BR FLT_ROUNDS ,
|
.BR FLT_ROUNDS ,
|
||||||
defined in
|
defined in
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ The functions
|
||||||
and
|
and
|
||||||
.BR ferror ()
|
.BR ferror ()
|
||||||
conform to C89, C99, POSIX.1-2001, and POSIX.1-2008.
|
conform to C89, C99, POSIX.1-2001, and POSIX.1-2008.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
The function
|
The function
|
||||||
.BR fileno ()
|
.BR fileno ()
|
||||||
conforms to POSIX.1-2001 and POSIX.1-2008.
|
conforms to POSIX.1-2001 and POSIX.1-2008.
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ T{
|
||||||
.BR fexecve ()
|
.BR fexecve ()
|
||||||
T} Thread safety MT-Safe
|
T} Thread safety MT-Safe
|
||||||
.TE
|
.TE
|
||||||
|
.sp 1
|
||||||
.SH CONFORMING TO
|
.SH CONFORMING TO
|
||||||
POSIX.1-2008.
|
POSIX.1-2008.
|
||||||
This function is not specified in POSIX.1-2001,
|
This function is not specified in POSIX.1-2001,
|
||||||
|
@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ needs to be mounted and available at the time of the call.
|
||||||
.\" With the addition of the execveat(2), fexecve() can be implemented
|
.\" With the addition of the execveat(2), fexecve() can be implemented
|
||||||
.\" even where /proc is unavailable. Review future glibc releases to
|
.\" even where /proc is unavailable. Review future glibc releases to
|
||||||
.\" see if the implementation is changed to use execveat(2).
|
.\" see if the implementation is changed to use execveat(2).
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
The idea behind
|
The idea behind
|
||||||
.BR fexecve ()
|
.BR fexecve ()
|
||||||
is to allow the caller to verify (checksum) the contents of
|
is to allow the caller to verify (checksum) the contents of
|
||||||
|
@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ of a file could be changed between the checksumming and the call to
|
||||||
.BR fexecve ();
|
.BR fexecve ();
|
||||||
for that, the solution is to ensure that the permissions on the file
|
for that, the solution is to ensure that the permissions on the file
|
||||||
prevent it from being modified by malicious users.
|
prevent it from being modified by malicious users.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
The natural idiom when using
|
The natural idiom when using
|
||||||
.BR fexecve ()
|
.BR fexecve ()
|
||||||
is to set the close-on-exec flag on
|
is to set the close-on-exec flag on
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -55,13 +55,13 @@ For output streams,
|
||||||
forces a write of all user-space buffered data for the given output or update
|
forces a write of all user-space buffered data for the given output or update
|
||||||
.I stream
|
.I stream
|
||||||
via the stream's underlying write function.
|
via the stream's underlying write function.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
For input streams associated with seekable files
|
For input streams associated with seekable files
|
||||||
(e.g., disk files, but not pipes or terminals),
|
(e.g., disk files, but not pipes or terminals),
|
||||||
.BR fflush ()
|
.BR fflush ()
|
||||||
discards any buffered data that has been fetched from the underlying file,
|
discards any buffered data that has been fetched from the underlying file,
|
||||||
but has not been consumed by the application.
|
but has not been consumed by the application.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
The open status of the stream is unaffected.
|
The open status of the stream is unaffected.
|
||||||
.PP
|
.PP
|
||||||
If the
|
If the
|
||||||
|
@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ T} Thread safety MT-Safe
|
||||||
.TE
|
.TE
|
||||||
.SH CONFORMING TO
|
.SH CONFORMING TO
|
||||||
C89, C99, POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008.
|
C89, C99, POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
POSIX.1-2001 did not specify the behavior for flushing of input streams,
|
POSIX.1-2001 did not specify the behavior for flushing of input streams,
|
||||||
but the behavior is specified in POSIX.1-2008.
|
but the behavior is specified in POSIX.1-2008.
|
||||||
.SH NOTES
|
.SH NOTES
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ T} Thread safety MT-Safe
|
||||||
.SH CONFORMING TO
|
.SH CONFORMING TO
|
||||||
.BR ffs ():
|
.BR ffs ():
|
||||||
POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008, 4.3BSD.
|
POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008, 4.3BSD.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
The
|
The
|
||||||
.BR ffsl ()
|
.BR ffsl ()
|
||||||
and
|
and
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -138,10 +138,10 @@ T{
|
||||||
.BR ungetc ()
|
.BR ungetc ()
|
||||||
T} Thread safety MT-Safe
|
T} Thread safety MT-Safe
|
||||||
.TE
|
.TE
|
||||||
|
.sp 1
|
||||||
.SH CONFORMING TO
|
.SH CONFORMING TO
|
||||||
POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008, C89, C99.
|
POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008, C89, C99.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
It is not advisable to mix calls to input functions from the
|
It is not advisable to mix calls to input functions from the
|
||||||
.I stdio
|
.I stdio
|
||||||
library with low-level calls to
|
library with low-level calls to
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ functions return a nonzero value if
|
||||||
.I x
|
.I x
|
||||||
is neither infinite
|
is neither infinite
|
||||||
nor a "not-a-number" (NaN) value, and 0 otherwise.
|
nor a "not-a-number" (NaN) value, and 0 otherwise.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
The
|
The
|
||||||
.BR isnan (),
|
.BR isnan (),
|
||||||
.BR isnanf (),
|
.BR isnanf (),
|
||||||
|
@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ functions return a nonzero value if
|
||||||
.I x
|
.I x
|
||||||
is a NaN value,
|
is a NaN value,
|
||||||
and 0 otherwise.
|
and 0 otherwise.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
The
|
The
|
||||||
.BR isinf (),
|
.BR isinf (),
|
||||||
.BR isinff (),
|
.BR isinff (),
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ _ISOC99_SOURCE || _POSIX_C_SOURCE\ >=\ 200112L
|
||||||
.SH DESCRIPTION
|
.SH DESCRIPTION
|
||||||
These functions return the largest integral value that is not greater than
|
These functions return the largest integral value that is not greater than
|
||||||
.IR x .
|
.IR x .
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
For example,
|
For example,
|
||||||
.IR floor(0.5)
|
.IR floor(0.5)
|
||||||
is 0.0, and
|
is 0.0, and
|
||||||
|
@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ is \-1.0.
|
||||||
.SH RETURN VALUE
|
.SH RETURN VALUE
|
||||||
These functions return the floor of
|
These functions return the floor of
|
||||||
.IR x .
|
.IR x .
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
If
|
If
|
||||||
.I x
|
.I x
|
||||||
is integral, +0, \-0, NaN, or an infinity,
|
is integral, +0, \-0, NaN, or an infinity,
|
||||||
|
@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ T} Thread safety MT-Safe
|
||||||
.TE
|
.TE
|
||||||
.SH CONFORMING TO
|
.SH CONFORMING TO
|
||||||
C99, POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008.
|
C99, POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
The variant returning
|
The variant returning
|
||||||
.I double
|
.I double
|
||||||
also conforms to
|
also conforms to
|
||||||
|
|
14
man3/fma.3
14
man3/fma.3
|
@ -48,13 +48,13 @@ current rounding mode (see
|
||||||
These functions return the value of
|
These functions return the value of
|
||||||
.IR x " * " y " + " z ,
|
.IR x " * " y " + " z ,
|
||||||
rounded as one ternary operation.
|
rounded as one ternary operation.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
If
|
If
|
||||||
.I x
|
.I x
|
||||||
or
|
or
|
||||||
.I y
|
.I y
|
||||||
is a NaN, a NaN is returned.
|
is a NaN, a NaN is returned.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
If
|
If
|
||||||
.I x
|
.I x
|
||||||
times
|
times
|
||||||
|
@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ is an exact infinity, and
|
||||||
is an infinity with the opposite sign,
|
is an infinity with the opposite sign,
|
||||||
a domain error occurs,
|
a domain error occurs,
|
||||||
and a NaN is returned.
|
and a NaN is returned.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
.\" POSIX.1-2008 allows some possible differences for the following two
|
.\" POSIX.1-2008 allows some possible differences for the following two
|
||||||
.\" domain error cases, but on Linux they are treated the same (AFAICS).
|
.\" domain error cases, but on Linux they are treated the same (AFAICS).
|
||||||
.\" Nevertheless, we'll mirror POSIX.1 and describe the two cases
|
.\" Nevertheless, we'll mirror POSIX.1 and describe the two cases
|
||||||
|
@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ a domain error occurs, and
|
||||||
a NaN is returned.
|
a NaN is returned.
|
||||||
.\" POSIX.1 says that a NaN or an implementation-defined value shall
|
.\" POSIX.1 says that a NaN or an implementation-defined value shall
|
||||||
.\" be returned for this case.
|
.\" be returned for this case.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
If one of
|
If one of
|
||||||
.I x
|
.I x
|
||||||
or
|
or
|
||||||
|
@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ is a NaN,
|
||||||
.\" POSIX.1 makes the domain error optional for this case.
|
.\" POSIX.1 makes the domain error optional for this case.
|
||||||
a domain error occurs, and
|
a domain error occurs, and
|
||||||
a NaN is returned.
|
a NaN is returned.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
If
|
If
|
||||||
.I x
|
.I x
|
||||||
times
|
times
|
||||||
|
@ -100,11 +100,11 @@ is not an infinity times zero (or vice versa), and
|
||||||
.I z
|
.I z
|
||||||
is a NaN,
|
is a NaN,
|
||||||
a NaN is returned.
|
a NaN is returned.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
If the result overflows,
|
If the result overflows,
|
||||||
a range error occurs, and
|
a range error occurs, and
|
||||||
an infinity with the correct sign is returned.
|
an infinity with the correct sign is returned.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
If the result underflows,
|
If the result underflows,
|
||||||
a range error occurs, and
|
a range error occurs, and
|
||||||
a signed 0 is returned.
|
a signed 0 is returned.
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -43,9 +43,9 @@ These functions return the maximum of
|
||||||
.I x
|
.I x
|
||||||
and
|
and
|
||||||
.IR y .
|
.IR y .
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
If one argument is a NaN, the other argument is returned.
|
If one argument is a NaN, the other argument is returned.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
If both arguments are NaN, a NaN is returned.
|
If both arguments are NaN, a NaN is returned.
|
||||||
.SH ERRORS
|
.SH ERRORS
|
||||||
No errors occur.
|
No errors occur.
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ function opens a stream that permits the access specified by
|
||||||
The stream allows I/O to be performed on the string or memory buffer
|
The stream allows I/O to be performed on the string or memory buffer
|
||||||
pointed to by
|
pointed to by
|
||||||
.IR buf .
|
.IR buf .
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
The
|
The
|
||||||
.I mode
|
.I mode
|
||||||
argument specifies the semantics of I/O on the stream,
|
argument specifies the semantics of I/O on the stream,
|
||||||
|
@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ buffer
|
||||||
.I size
|
.I size
|
||||||
counts that byte)
|
counts that byte)
|
||||||
to allow for this.
|
to allow for this.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
In a stream opened for reading,
|
In a stream opened for reading,
|
||||||
null bytes (\(aq\\0\(aq) in the buffer do not cause read
|
null bytes (\(aq\\0\(aq) in the buffer do not cause read
|
||||||
operations to return an end-of-file indication.
|
operations to return an end-of-file indication.
|
||||||
|
@ -121,11 +121,11 @@ A read from the buffer will indicate end-of-file
|
||||||
only when the current buffer position advances
|
only when the current buffer position advances
|
||||||
.I size
|
.I size
|
||||||
bytes past the start of the buffer.
|
bytes past the start of the buffer.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
Write operations take place either at the current position
|
Write operations take place either at the current position
|
||||||
(for modes other than append), or at the current size of the stream
|
(for modes other than append), or at the current size of the stream
|
||||||
(for append modes).
|
(for append modes).
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
Attempts to write more than
|
Attempts to write more than
|
||||||
.I size
|
.I size
|
||||||
bytes to the buffer result in an error.
|
bytes to the buffer result in an error.
|
||||||
|
@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ By default, such errors will be visible
|
||||||
buffer is flushed.
|
buffer is flushed.
|
||||||
Disabling buffering with the following call
|
Disabling buffering with the following call
|
||||||
may be useful to detect errors at the time of an output operation:
|
may be useful to detect errors at the time of an output operation:
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
setbuf(stream, NULL);
|
setbuf(stream, NULL);
|
||||||
.SH RETURN VALUE
|
.SH RETURN VALUE
|
||||||
Upon successful completion,
|
Upon successful completion,
|
||||||
|
@ -161,12 +161,12 @@ T{
|
||||||
.BR fmemopen (),
|
.BR fmemopen (),
|
||||||
T} Thread safety MT-Safe
|
T} Thread safety MT-Safe
|
||||||
.TE
|
.TE
|
||||||
|
.sp 1
|
||||||
.SH CONFORMING TO
|
.SH CONFORMING TO
|
||||||
POSIX.1-2008.
|
POSIX.1-2008.
|
||||||
This function is not specified in POSIX.1-2001,
|
This function is not specified in POSIX.1-2001,
|
||||||
and is not widely available on other systems.
|
and is not widely available on other systems.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
POSIX.1-2008 specifies that \(aqb\(aq in
|
POSIX.1-2008 specifies that \(aqb\(aq in
|
||||||
.IR mode
|
.IR mode
|
||||||
shall be ignored.
|
shall be ignored.
|
||||||
|
@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ returned by this function
|
||||||
(i.e.,
|
(i.e.,
|
||||||
.BR fileno (3)
|
.BR fileno (3)
|
||||||
will return an error if called on the returned stream).
|
will return an error if called on the returned stream).
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
With version 2.22, binary mode (see below) was removed,
|
With version 2.22, binary mode (see below) was removed,
|
||||||
many longstanding bugs in the implementation of
|
many longstanding bugs in the implementation of
|
||||||
.BR fmemopen ()
|
.BR fmemopen ()
|
||||||
|
@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ writes don't implicitly add a terminating null byte, and
|
||||||
is relative to the end of the buffer (i.e., the value specified by the
|
is relative to the end of the buffer (i.e., the value specified by the
|
||||||
.I size
|
.I size
|
||||||
argument), rather than the current string length.
|
argument), rather than the current string length.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
An API bug afflicted the implementation of binary mode:
|
An API bug afflicted the implementation of binary mode:
|
||||||
to specify binary mode, the \(aqb\(aq must be the
|
to specify binary mode, the \(aqb\(aq must be the
|
||||||
.I second
|
.I second
|
||||||
|
@ -211,7 +211,7 @@ This is inconsistent with the treatment of
|
||||||
.IR mode
|
.IR mode
|
||||||
by
|
by
|
||||||
.BR fopen (3).
|
.BR fopen (3).
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
Binary mode was removed in glibc 2.22; a \(aqb\(aq specified in
|
Binary mode was removed in glibc 2.22; a \(aqb\(aq specified in
|
||||||
.I mode
|
.I mode
|
||||||
has no effect.
|
has no effect.
|
||||||
|
@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ fails with the error
|
||||||
It would be more consistent if this case successfully created
|
It would be more consistent if this case successfully created
|
||||||
a stream that then returned end-of-file on the first attempt at reading;
|
a stream that then returned end-of-file on the first attempt at reading;
|
||||||
since version 2.22, the glibc implementation provides that behavior.
|
since version 2.22, the glibc implementation provides that behavior.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
In versions of glibc before 2.22,
|
In versions of glibc before 2.22,
|
||||||
specifying append mode ("a" or "a+") for
|
specifying append mode ("a" or "a+") for
|
||||||
.BR fmemopen ()
|
.BR fmemopen ()
|
||||||
|
@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ sets the initial buffer position to the first null byte, but
|
||||||
the end of the stream)
|
the end of the stream)
|
||||||
does not force subsequent writes to append at the end of the stream.
|
does not force subsequent writes to append at the end of the stream.
|
||||||
This bug is fixed in glibc 2.22.
|
This bug is fixed in glibc 2.22.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
In versions of glibc before 2.22, if the
|
In versions of glibc before 2.22, if the
|
||||||
.I mode
|
.I mode
|
||||||
argument to
|
argument to
|
||||||
|
@ -253,7 +253,7 @@ However, in this case the glibc
|
||||||
.BR fmemopen ()
|
.BR fmemopen ()
|
||||||
sets the buffer position to \-1.
|
sets the buffer position to \-1.
|
||||||
This bug is fixed in glibc 2.22.
|
This bug is fixed in glibc 2.22.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
In versions of glibc before 2.22,
|
In versions of glibc before 2.22,
|
||||||
.\" https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=14292
|
.\" https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=14292
|
||||||
when a call to
|
when a call to
|
||||||
|
@ -270,7 +270,7 @@ was
|
||||||
.IR subtracted
|
.IR subtracted
|
||||||
from the end-of-stream position, instead of being added.
|
from the end-of-stream position, instead of being added.
|
||||||
This bug is fixed in glibc 2.22.
|
This bug is fixed in glibc 2.22.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
The glibc 2.9 addition of "binary" mode for
|
The glibc 2.9 addition of "binary" mode for
|
||||||
.BR fmemopen ()
|
.BR fmemopen ()
|
||||||
.\" http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6544
|
.\" http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6544
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -43,9 +43,9 @@ These functions return the minimum of
|
||||||
.I x
|
.I x
|
||||||
and
|
and
|
||||||
.IR y .
|
.IR y .
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
If one argument is a NaN, the other argument is returned.
|
If one argument is a NaN, the other argument is returned.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
If both arguments are NaN, a NaN is returned.
|
If both arguments are NaN, a NaN is returned.
|
||||||
.SH ERRORS
|
.SH ERRORS
|
||||||
No errors occur.
|
No errors occur.
|
||||||
|
|
10
man3/fmod.3
10
man3/fmod.3
|
@ -89,25 +89,25 @@ such that the returned value has the same sign as
|
||||||
.I x
|
.I x
|
||||||
and a magnitude less than the magnitude of
|
and a magnitude less than the magnitude of
|
||||||
.IR y .
|
.IR y .
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
If
|
If
|
||||||
.I x
|
.I x
|
||||||
or
|
or
|
||||||
.I y
|
.I y
|
||||||
is a NaN, a NaN is returned.
|
is a NaN, a NaN is returned.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
If
|
If
|
||||||
.I x
|
.I x
|
||||||
is an infinity,
|
is an infinity,
|
||||||
a domain error occurs, and
|
a domain error occurs, and
|
||||||
a NaN is returned.
|
a NaN is returned.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
If
|
If
|
||||||
.I y
|
.I y
|
||||||
is zero,
|
is zero,
|
||||||
a domain error occurs, and
|
a domain error occurs, and
|
||||||
a NaN is returned.
|
a NaN is returned.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
If
|
If
|
||||||
.I x
|
.I x
|
||||||
is +0 (\-0), and
|
is +0 (\-0), and
|
||||||
|
@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ T} Thread safety MT-Safe
|
||||||
.TE
|
.TE
|
||||||
.SH CONFORMING TO
|
.SH CONFORMING TO
|
||||||
C99, POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008.
|
C99, POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
The variant returning
|
The variant returning
|
||||||
.I double
|
.I double
|
||||||
also conforms to
|
also conforms to
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ Before glibc 2.16, the
|
||||||
.BR fmtmsg ()
|
.BR fmtmsg ()
|
||||||
function uses a static variable that is not protected,
|
function uses a static variable that is not protected,
|
||||||
so it is not thread-safe.
|
so it is not thread-safe.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
Since glibc 2.16,
|
Since glibc 2.16,
|
||||||
.\" Modified in commit 7724defcf8873116fe4efab256596861eef21a94
|
.\" Modified in commit 7724defcf8873116fe4efab256596861eef21a94
|
||||||
the
|
the
|
||||||
|
@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ and environment variables
|
||||||
and
|
and
|
||||||
.B SEV_LEVEL
|
.B SEV_LEVEL
|
||||||
come from System V.
|
come from System V.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
The function
|
The function
|
||||||
.BR fmtmsg ()
|
.BR fmtmsg ()
|
||||||
and the environment variable
|
and the environment variable
|
||||||
|
|
10
man3/fopen.3
10
man3/fopen.3
|
@ -202,7 +202,7 @@ The
|
||||||
argument is used just as in the
|
argument is used just as in the
|
||||||
.BR fopen ()
|
.BR fopen ()
|
||||||
function.
|
function.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
If the
|
If the
|
||||||
.I pathname
|
.I pathname
|
||||||
argument is a null pointer,
|
argument is a null pointer,
|
||||||
|
@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ that is,
|
||||||
.BR freopen ()
|
.BR freopen ()
|
||||||
reopens the pathname that is associated with the stream.
|
reopens the pathname that is associated with the stream.
|
||||||
The specification for this behavior was added in the C99 standard, which says:
|
The specification for this behavior was added in the C99 standard, which says:
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
.RS
|
.RS
|
||||||
In this case,
|
In this case,
|
||||||
the file descriptor associated with the stream need not be closed
|
the file descriptor associated with the stream need not be closed
|
||||||
|
@ -303,7 +303,7 @@ T} Thread safety MT-Safe
|
||||||
.BR fopen (),
|
.BR fopen (),
|
||||||
.BR freopen ():
|
.BR freopen ():
|
||||||
POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008, C89, C99.
|
POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008, C89, C99.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
.BR fdopen ():
|
.BR fdopen ():
|
||||||
POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008.
|
POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008.
|
||||||
.SH NOTES
|
.SH NOTES
|
||||||
|
@ -364,9 +364,9 @@ and
|
||||||
support the following syntax
|
support the following syntax
|
||||||
in
|
in
|
||||||
.IR mode :
|
.IR mode :
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
.BI " ,ccs=" string
|
.BI " ,ccs=" string
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
The given
|
The given
|
||||||
.I string
|
.I string
|
||||||
is taken as the name of a coded character set and
|
is taken as the name of a coded character set and
|
||||||
|
|
Some files were not shown because too many files have changed in this diff Show More
Loading…
Reference in New Issue