intro.1, _syscall.2, access.2, arch_prctl.2, cacheflush.2, chown.2, clock_getres.2, clone.2, create_module.2, fcntl.2, flock.2, get_kernel_syms.2, get_robust_list.2, get_thread_area.2, getcpu.2, getpriority.2, getrlimit.2, getrusage.2, ioprio_set.2, kexec_load.2, madvise.2, mbind.2, migrate_pages.2, mknod.2, mmap.2, mount.2, move_pages.2, mprotect.2, open.2, pause.2, pciconfig_read.2, perf_event_open.2, prctl.2, ptrace.2, query_module.2, read.2, reboot.2, recv.2, s390_runtime_instr.2, sched_setscheduler.2, select_tut.2, send.2, set_mempolicy.2, setfsgid.2, setfsuid.2, sigaction.2, spu_create.2, spu_run.2, stime.2, swapon.2, syslog.2, timer_create.2, timer_getoverrun.2, times.2, tkill.2, umount.2, unimplemented.2, ustat.2, vm86.2, wait.2, abs.3, aio_read.3, aio_write.3, bsd_signal.3, catgets.3, clearenv.3, cmsg.3, dbopen.3, dirfd.3, dlopen.3, exec.3, fenv.3, ferror.3, fmemopen.3, fnmatch.3, fopen.3, futimes.3, getaddrinfo.3, getifaddrs.3, getipnodebyname.3, hsearch.3, if_nameindex.3, inet_pton.3, mblen.3, mbrlen.3, mbsrtowcs.3, mbtowc.3, mcheck.3, memfrob.3, mq_notify.3, netlink.3, posix_memalign.3, printf.3, pthread_attr_setscope.3, pthread_cleanup_push.3, pthread_kill_other_threads_np.3, pthread_self.3, pthread_setcancelstate.3, pthread_setconcurrency.3, raise.3, resolver.3, rpc.3, rtime.3, rtnetlink.3, scanf.3, setbuf.3, setnetgrent.3, shm_open.3, sigpause.3, sigset.3, sigwait.3, sockatmark.3, strcasecmp.3, strcmp.3, strdup.3, strftime.3, strptime.3, strsignal.3, strverscmp.3, sysv_signal.3, termios.3, wcrtomb.3, wcsnlen.3, wcsnrtombs.3, wcsrtombs.3, wctomb.3, wprintf.3, console_codes.4, cpuid.4, msr.4, rtc.4, sk98lin.4, st.4, tty.4, charmap.5, core.5, elf.5, hosts.equiv.5, proc.5, resolv.conf.5, services.5, slabinfo.5, arp.7, bootparam.7, capabilities.7, charsets.7, cpuset.7, ddp.7, epoll.7, feature_test_macros.7, futex.7, hier.7, icmp.7, inotify.7, ip.7, ipv6.7, man-pages.7, mdoc.7, mdoc.samples.7, netdevice.7, netlink.7, numa.7, packet.7, path_resolution.7, posixoptions.7, pthreads.7, raw.7, rtld-audit.7, rtnetlink.7, sem_overview.7, sigevent.7, socket.7, spufs.7, tcp.7, udp.7, unicode.7, uri.7, utf-8.7, intro.8, ldconfig.8, sync.8: Global fix: fix placement of word "only"

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
This commit is contained in:
Michael Kerrisk 2013-03-31 10:53:00 +02:00
parent 90878f7c26
commit 33a0ccb293
181 changed files with 368 additions and 373 deletions

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@ -204,8 +204,8 @@ describing the path from the root of the tree (which is called /)
to the file. to the file.
For example, such a full pathname might be /home/aeb/tel. For example, such a full pathname might be /home/aeb/tel.
Always using full pathnames would be inconvenient, and the name Always using full pathnames would be inconvenient, and the name
of a file in the current directory may be abbreviated by only giving of a file in the current directory may be abbreviated by giving
the last component. only the last component.
That is why "/home/aeb/tel" can be abbreviated That is why "/home/aeb/tel" can be abbreviated
to "tel" when the current directory is "/home/aeb". to "tel" when the current directory is "/home/aeb".
.LP .LP

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@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ passed by-value or by-pointer (for aggregates like structs).
.\" The preferred way to invoke system calls that glibc does not know .\" The preferred way to invoke system calls that glibc does not know
.\" about yet is via .\" about yet is via
.\" .BR syscall (2). .\" .BR syscall (2).
.\" However, this mechanism can only be used if using a libc .\" However, this mechanism can be used only if using a libc
.\" (such as glibc) that supports .\" (such as glibc) that supports
.\" .BR syscall (2), .\" .BR syscall (2),
.\" and if the .\" and if the

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@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ check even if none of the execute file permission bits are set.
.\" HPU-UX 11 and Tru64 5.1 do this. .\" HPU-UX 11 and Tru64 5.1 do this.
Linux does not do this. Linux does not do this.
.PP .PP
A file is only accessible if the permissions on each of the A file is accessible only if the permissions on each of the
directories in the path prefix of directories in the path prefix of
.I pathname .I pathname
grant search (i.e., execute) access. grant search (i.e., execute) access.

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@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ is a Linux/x86-64 extension and should not be used in programs intended
to be portable. to be portable.
.SH NOTES .SH NOTES
.BR arch_prctl () .BR arch_prctl ()
is only supported on Linux/x86-64 for 64-bit programs currently. is supported only on Linux/x86-64 for 64-bit programs currently.
The 64-bit base changes when a new 32-bit segment selector is loaded. The 64-bit base changes when a new 32-bit segment selector is loaded.
@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ or using the
.BR set_thread_area (2) .BR set_thread_area (2)
system call in kernel 2.5 or later. system call in kernel 2.5 or later.
.BR arch_prctl () .BR arch_prctl ()
is only needed when you want to set bases that are larger than 4GB. is needed only when you want to set bases that are larger than 4GB.
Memory in the first 2GB of address space can be allocated by using Memory in the first 2GB of address space can be allocated by using
.BR mmap (2) .BR mmap (2)
with the with the

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@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ is not one of
or or
.BR BCACHE . .BR BCACHE .
.SH CONFORMING TO .SH CONFORMING TO
This Linux-specific system call is only available on MIPS-based systems. This Linux-specific system call is available only on MIPS-based systems.
.\" FIXME This system call was only on MIPS back in 1.2 days, but .\" FIXME This system call was only on MIPS back in 1.2 days, but
.\" by now it is on a number of other architectures (but not i386). .\" by now it is on a number of other architectures (but not i386).
.\" Investigate the details and update this page. .\" Investigate the details and update this page.

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@ -181,8 +181,8 @@ See above.
.SH CONFORMING TO .SH CONFORMING TO
4.4BSD, SVr4, POSIX.1-2001. 4.4BSD, SVr4, POSIX.1-2001.
The 4.4BSD version can only be The 4.4BSD version can be
used by the superuser (that is, ordinary users cannot give away files). used only by the superuser (that is, ordinary users cannot give away files).
.\" chown(): .\" chown():
.\" SVr4 documents EINVAL, EINTR, ENOLINK and EMULTIHOP returns, but no .\" SVr4 documents EINVAL, EINTR, ENOLINK and EMULTIHOP returns, but no
.\" ENOMEM. POSIX.1 does not document ENOMEM or ELOOP error conditions. .\" ENOMEM. POSIX.1 does not document ENOMEM or ELOOP error conditions.

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@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ If that is the case then
will return will return
.B ENOENT .B ENOENT
to signify this condition. to signify this condition.
The two clocks will then only be useful if it The two clocks will then be useful only if it
can be ensured that a process stays on a certain CPU. can be ensured that a process stays on a certain CPU.
.PP .PP
The processors in an SMP system do not start all at exactly the same The processors in an SMP system do not start all at exactly the same

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@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ This flag can't be specified in conjunction with
.TP .TP
.BR CLONE_NEWNET " (since Linux 2.6.24)" .BR CLONE_NEWNET " (since Linux 2.6.24)"
.\" FIXME Check when the implementation was completed .\" FIXME Check when the implementation was completed
(The implementation of this flag was only completed (The implementation of this flag was completed only
by about kernel version 2.6.29.) by about kernel version 2.6.29.)
If If

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@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ The caller was not privileged
.B CAP_SYS_MODULE .B CAP_SYS_MODULE
capability). capability).
.SH VERSIONS .SH VERSIONS
This system call is only present on Linux up until kernel 2.4; This system call is present on Linux only up until kernel 2.4;
it was removed in Linux 2.6. it was removed in Linux 2.6.
.\" Removed in Linux 2.5.48 .\" Removed in Linux 2.5.48
.SH CONFORMING TO .SH CONFORMING TO

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@ -786,7 +786,7 @@ This will cause the calling process to be notified when
the file is opened for writing or is truncated. the file is opened for writing or is truncated.
.\" The following became true in kernel 2.6.10: .\" The following became true in kernel 2.6.10:
.\" See the man-pages-2.09 Changelog for further info. .\" See the man-pages-2.09 Changelog for further info.
A read lease can only be placed on a file descriptor that A read lease can be placed only on a file descriptor that
is opened read-only. is opened read-only.
.TP .TP
.B F_WRLCK .B F_WRLCK
@ -813,8 +813,8 @@ Furthermore, the lease is released by either an explicit
operation on any of these duplicate descriptors, or when all operation on any of these duplicate descriptors, or when all
such descriptors have been closed. such descriptors have been closed.
.P .P
Leases may only be taken out on regular files. Leases may be taken out only on regular files.
An unprivileged process may only take out a lease on a file whose An unprivileged process may take out a lease only on a file whose
UID (owner) matches the file system UID of the process. UID (owner) matches the file system UID of the process.
A process with the A process with the
.B CAP_LEASE .B CAP_LEASE

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@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ An attempt to lock the file using one of these file descriptors
may be denied by a lock that the calling process has may be denied by a lock that the calling process has
already placed via another descriptor. already placed via another descriptor.
A process may only hold one type of lock (shared or exclusive) A process may hold only one type of lock (shared or exclusive)
on a file. on a file.
Subsequent Subsequent
.BR flock () .BR flock ()

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@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ There is only one possible error return:
.BR get_kernel_syms () .BR get_kernel_syms ()
is not supported in this version of the kernel. is not supported in this version of the kernel.
.SH VERSIONS .SH VERSIONS
This system call is only present on Linux up until kernel 2.4; This system call is present on Linux only up until kernel 2.4;
it was removed in Linux 2.6. it was removed in Linux 2.6.
.\" Removed in Linux 2.5.48 .\" Removed in Linux 2.5.48
.SH CONFORMING TO .SH CONFORMING TO

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@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ There are no glibc wrappers for these system calls; see NOTES.
.SH DESCRIPTION .SH DESCRIPTION
The robust futex implementation needs to maintain per-thread lists of robust The robust futex implementation needs to maintain per-thread lists of robust
futexes which are unlocked when the thread exits. futexes which are unlocked when the thread exits.
These lists are managed in user space; the kernel is only notified about These lists are managed in user space; the kernel is notified about only
the location of the head of the list. the location of the head of the list.
The The

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@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ is Linux-specific and should not be used in programs
that are intended to be portable. that are intended to be portable.
.SH NOTES .SH NOTES
Glibc does not provide a wrapper for this system call, Glibc does not provide a wrapper for this system call,
since it is generally intended only for use by threading libraries. since it is generally intended for use only by threading libraries.
In the unlikely event that you want to call it directly, use In the unlikely event that you want to call it directly, use
.BR syscall (2). .BR syscall (2).
.SH SEE ALSO .SH SEE ALSO

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@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ The third argument to this system call is nowadays unused (see NOTES).
The information placed in The information placed in
.I cpu .I cpu
is only guaranteed to be current at the time of the call: is guaranteed to be current only at the time of the call:
unless the CPU affinity has been fixed using unless the CPU affinity has been fixed using
.BR sched_setaffinity (2), .BR sched_setaffinity (2),
the kernel might change the CPU at any time. the kernel might change the CPU at any time.
@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ migrating threads between CPUs, and so the argument is now ignored.
.\" With a cache .\" With a cache
.\" .BR getcpu () .\" .BR getcpu ()
.\" is faster. .\" is faster.
.\" However, the cached information is only updated once per jiffy (see .\" However, the cached information is updated only once per jiffy (see
.\" .BR time (7)). .\" .BR time (7)).
.\" This means that the information could theoretically be out of date, .\" This means that the information could theoretically be out of date,
.\" although in practice the scheduler's attempt to maintain .\" although in practice the scheduler's attempt to maintain

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@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ The caller attempted to lower a process priority, but did not
have the required privilege (on Linux: did not have the have the required privilege (on Linux: did not have the
.B CAP_SYS_NICE .B CAP_SYS_NICE
capability). capability).
Since Linux 2.6.12, this error only occurs if the caller attempts Since Linux 2.6.12, this error occurs only if the caller attempts
to set a process priority outside the range of the to set a process priority outside the range of the
.B RLIMIT_NICE .B RLIMIT_NICE
soft resource limit of the target process; see soft resource limit of the target process; see

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@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ struct rlimit {
The soft limit is the value that the kernel enforces for the The soft limit is the value that the kernel enforces for the
corresponding resource. corresponding resource.
The hard limit acts as a ceiling for the soft limit: The hard limit acts as a ceiling for the soft limit:
an unprivileged process may only set its soft limit to a value in the an unprivileged process may set only its soft limit to a value in the
range from 0 up to the hard limit, and (irreversibly) lower its hard limit. range from 0 up to the hard limit, and (irreversibly) lower its hard limit.
A privileged process (under Linux: one with the A privileged process (under Linux: one with the
.B CAP_SYS_RESOURCE .B CAP_SYS_RESOURCE
@ -304,8 +304,8 @@ fails with the error
.B RLIMIT_RSS .B RLIMIT_RSS
Specifies the limit (in pages) of the process's resident set Specifies the limit (in pages) of the process's resident set
(the number of virtual pages resident in RAM). (the number of virtual pages resident in RAM).
This limit only has effect in Linux 2.4.x, x < 30, and there only This limit has effect only in Linux 2.4.x, x < 30, and there
affects calls to affects only calls to
.BR madvise (2) .BR madvise (2)
specifying specifying
.BR MADV_WILLNEED . .BR MADV_WILLNEED .
@ -351,7 +351,7 @@ Specifies the limit on the number of signals
that may be queued for the real user ID of the calling process. that may be queued for the real user ID of the calling process.
Both standard and real-time signals are counted for the purpose of Both standard and real-time signals are counted for the purpose of
checking this limit. checking this limit.
However, the limit is only enforced for However, the limit is enforced only for
.BR sigqueue (3); .BR sigqueue (3);
it is always possible to use it is always possible to use
.BR kill (2) .BR kill (2)

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@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ is invalid.
SVr4, 4.3BSD. SVr4, 4.3BSD.
POSIX.1-2001 specifies POSIX.1-2001 specifies
.BR getrusage (), .BR getrusage (),
but only specifies the fields but specifies only the fields
.I ru_utime .I ru_utime
and and
.IR ru_stime . .IR ru_stime .

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@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ is the one that is returned by
or or
.BR clone (2). .BR clone (2).
These system calls only have an effect when used These system calls have an effect only when used
in conjunction with an I/O scheduler that supports I/O priorities. in conjunction with an I/O scheduler that supports I/O priorities.
As at kernel 2.6.17 the only such scheduler is the Completely Fair Queuing As at kernel 2.6.17 the only such scheduler is the Completely Fair Queuing
(CFQ) I/O scheduler. (CFQ) I/O scheduler.
@ -311,7 +311,7 @@ Permission to change a process's priority is granted or denied based
on two assertions: on two assertions:
.TP .TP
.B "Process ownership" .B "Process ownership"
An unprivileged process may only set the I/O priority of a process An unprivileged process may set only the I/O priority of a process
whose real UID whose real UID
matches the real or effective UID of the calling process. matches the real or effective UID of the calling process.
A process which has the A process which has the

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@ -56,9 +56,9 @@ Execute the new kernel automatically on a system crash.
Preserve the system hardware and Preserve the system hardware and
software states before executing the new kernel. software states before executing the new kernel.
This could be used for system suspend. This could be used for system suspend.
This flag is only available if the kernel was configured with This flag is available only if the kernel was configured with
.BR CONFIG_KEXEC_JUMP , .BR CONFIG_KEXEC_JUMP ,
and is only effective if and is effective only if
.I nr_segments .I nr_segments
is greater than 0. is greater than 0.
.PP .PP
@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ which is not currently exported to glibc.
.\" Check if it got accepted later. .\" Check if it got accepted later.
Therefore, these constants must be defined manually. Therefore, these constants must be defined manually.
This system call is only available if the kernel was configured with This system call is available only if the kernel was configured with
.BR CONFIG_KEXEC . .BR CONFIG_KEXEC .
.SH SEE ALSO .SH SEE ALSO
.BR reboot (2), .BR reboot (2),

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@ -150,14 +150,14 @@ restoring the default behavior, whereby a mapping is inherited across
.TP .TP
.BR MADV_HWPOISON " (Since Linux 2.6.32) .BR MADV_HWPOISON " (Since Linux 2.6.32)
Poison a page and handle it like a hardware memory corruption. Poison a page and handle it like a hardware memory corruption.
This operation is only available for privileged This operation is available only for privileged
.RB ( CAP_SYS_ADMIN ) .RB ( CAP_SYS_ADMIN )
processes. processes.
This operation may result in the calling process receiving a This operation may result in the calling process receiving a
.B SIGBUS .B SIGBUS
and the page being unmapped. and the page being unmapped.
This feature is intended for testing of memory error-handling code; This feature is intended for testing of memory error-handling code;
it is only available if the kernel was configured with it is available only if the kernel was configured with
.BR CONFIG_MEMORY_FAILURE . .BR CONFIG_MEMORY_FAILURE .
.TP .TP
.BR MADV_SOFT_OFFLINE " (Since Linux 2.6.33) .BR MADV_SOFT_OFFLINE " (Since Linux 2.6.33)
@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ The effect of the
operation is invisible to (i.e., does not change the semantics of) operation is invisible to (i.e., does not change the semantics of)
the calling process. the calling process.
This feature is intended for testing of memory error-handling code; This feature is intended for testing of memory error-handling code;
it is only available if the kernel was configured with it is available only if the kernel was configured with
.BR CONFIG_MEMORY_FAILURE . .BR CONFIG_MEMORY_FAILURE .
.TP .TP
.BR MADV_MERGEABLE " (since Linux 2.6.32)" .BR MADV_MERGEABLE " (since Linux 2.6.32)"
@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ been marked as mergeable,
looking for pages with identical content. looking for pages with identical content.
These are replaced by a single write-protected page (which is automatically These are replaced by a single write-protected page (which is automatically
copied if a process later wants to update the content of the page). copied if a process later wants to update the content of the page).
KSM only merges private anonymous pages (see KSM merges only private anonymous pages (see
.BR mmap (2)). .BR mmap (2)).
The KSM feature is intended for applications that generate many The KSM feature is intended for applications that generate many
instances of the same data (e.g., virtualization systems such as KVM). instances of the same data (e.g., virtualization systems such as KVM).
@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ The
.BR MADV_MERGEABLE .BR MADV_MERGEABLE
and and
.BR MADV_UNMERGEABLE .BR MADV_UNMERGEABLE
operations are only available if the kernel was configured with operations are available only if the kernel was configured with
.BR CONFIG_KSM . .BR CONFIG_KSM .
.TP .TP
.BR MADV_UNMERGEABLE " (since Linux 2.6.32)" .BR MADV_UNMERGEABLE " (since Linux 2.6.32)"
@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ Enables Transparent Huge Pages (THP) for pages in the range specified by
.I addr .I addr
and and
.IR length . .IR length .
Currently, Transparent Huge Pages only work with private anonymous pages (see Currently, Transparent Huge Pages work only with private anonymous pages (see
.BR mmap (2)). .BR mmap (2)).
The kernel will regularly scan the areas marked as huge page candidates The kernel will regularly scan the areas marked as huge page candidates
to replace them with huge pages. to replace them with huge pages.
@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ The
.BR MADV_HUGEPAGE .BR MADV_HUGEPAGE
and and
.BR MADV_NOHUGEPAGE .BR MADV_NOHUGEPAGE
operations are only available if the kernel was configured with operations are available only if the kernel was configured with
.BR CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE . .BR CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE .
.TP .TP
.BR MADV_NOHUGEPAGE " (since Linux 2.6.38)" .BR MADV_NOHUGEPAGE " (since Linux 2.6.38)"

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@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ a memory mapped file, mapped using the
.BR mmap (2) .BR mmap (2)
system call with the system call with the
.B MAP_PRIVATE .B MAP_PRIVATE
flag, pages will only be allocated according to the specified flag, pages will be allocated only according to the specified
policy when the application writes [stores] to the page. policy when the application writes [stores] to the page.
For anonymous regions, an initial read access will use a shared For anonymous regions, an initial read access will use a shared
page in the kernel containing all zeros. page in the kernel containing all zeros.
@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ for that region.
By default, By default,
.BR mbind () .BR mbind ()
only has an effect for new allocations; if the pages inside has an effect only for new allocations; if the pages inside
the range have been already touched before setting the policy, the range have been already touched before setting the policy,
then the policy has no effect. then the policy has no effect.
This default behavior may be overridden by the This default behavior may be overridden by the
@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ points to a bit mask of nodes containing up to
bits. bits.
The bit mask size is rounded to the next multiple of The bit mask size is rounded to the next multiple of
.IR "sizeof(unsigned long)" , .IR "sizeof(unsigned long)" ,
but the kernel will only use bits up to but the kernel will use bits only up to
.IR maxnode . .IR maxnode .
A NULL value of A NULL value of
.I nodemask .I nodemask
@ -453,7 +453,7 @@ is ignored on huge page mappings.
.B MPOL_MF_MOVE .B MPOL_MF_MOVE
and and
.B MPOL_MF_MOVE_ALL .B MPOL_MF_MOVE_ALL
are only available on Linux 2.6.16 and later. are available only on Linux 2.6.16 and later.
.SH SEE ALSO .SH SEE ALSO
.BR get_mempolicy (2), .BR get_mempolicy (2),
.BR getcpu (2), .BR getcpu (2),

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@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ is 0, then
.BR migrate_pages () .BR migrate_pages ()
moves pages of the calling process. moves pages of the calling process.
Pages shared with another process will only be moved if the initiating Pages shared with another process will be moved only if the initiating
process has the process has the
.B CAP_SYS_NICE .B CAP_SYS_NICE
privilege. privilege.

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@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ FIFO (named pipe), or UNIX domain socket, and the caller
is not privileged (Linux: does not have the is not privileged (Linux: does not have the
.B CAP_MKNOD .B CAP_MKNOD
capability); capability);
.\" For UNIX domain sockets and regular files, EPERM is only returned in .\" For UNIX domain sockets and regular files, EPERM is returned only in
.\" Linux 2.2 and earlier; in Linux 2.4 and later, unprivileged can .\" Linux 2.2 and earlier; in Linux 2.4 and later, unprivileged can
.\" use mknod() to make these files. .\" use mknod() to make these files.
also returned if the file system containing also returned if the file system containing

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@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ In addition, zero or more of the following values can be ORed in
.TP .TP
.BR MAP_32BIT " (since Linux 2.4.20, 2.6)" .BR MAP_32BIT " (since Linux 2.4.20, 2.6)"
Put the mapping into the first 2 Gigabytes of the process address space. Put the mapping into the first 2 Gigabytes of the process address space.
This flag is only supported on x86-64, for 64-bit programs. This flag is supported only on x86-64, for 64-bit programs.
It was added to allow thread stacks to be allocated somewhere It was added to allow thread stacks to be allocated somewhere
in the first 2GB of memory, in the first 2GB of memory,
so as to improve context-switch performance on some early so as to improve context-switch performance on some early
@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ The use of
.B MAP_ANONYMOUS .B MAP_ANONYMOUS
in conjunction with in conjunction with
.B MAP_SHARED .B MAP_SHARED
is only supported on Linux since kernel 2.4. is supported on Linux only since kernel 2.4.
.TP .TP
.B MAP_DENYWRITE .B MAP_DENYWRITE
This flag is ignored. This flag is ignored.
@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ This flag is ignored in older kernels.
Only meaningful in conjunction with Only meaningful in conjunction with
.BR MAP_POPULATE . .BR MAP_POPULATE .
Don't perform read-ahead: Don't perform read-ahead:
only create page tables entries for pages create page tables entries only for pages
that are already present in RAM. that are already present in RAM.
Since Linux 2.6.23, this flag causes Since Linux 2.6.23, this flag causes
.BR MAP_POPULATE .BR MAP_POPULATE
@ -267,7 +267,7 @@ See also the discussion of the file
.I /proc/sys/vm/overcommit_memory .I /proc/sys/vm/overcommit_memory
in in
.BR proc (5). .BR proc (5).
In kernels before 2.6, this flag only had effect for In kernels before 2.6, this flag had effect only for
private writable mappings. private writable mappings.
.TP .TP
.BR MAP_POPULATE " (since Linux 2.5.46)" .BR MAP_POPULATE " (since Linux 2.5.46)"
@ -275,7 +275,7 @@ Populate (prefault) page tables for a mapping.
For a file mapping, this causes read-ahead on the file. For a file mapping, this causes read-ahead on the file.
Later accesses to the mapping will not be blocked by page faults. Later accesses to the mapping will not be blocked by page faults.
.BR MAP_POPULATE .BR MAP_POPULATE
is only supported for private mappings since Linux 2.6.23. is supported for private mappings only since Linux 2.6.23.
.TP .TP
.BR MAP_STACK " (since Linux 2.6.27)" .BR MAP_STACK " (since Linux 2.6.27)"
Allocate the mapping at an address suitable for a process Allocate the mapping at an address suitable for a process
@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ support can later be transparently implemented for glibc.
.BR MAP_UNINITIALIZED " (since Linux 2.6.33)" .BR MAP_UNINITIALIZED " (since Linux 2.6.33)"
Don't clear anonymous pages. Don't clear anonymous pages.
This flag is intended to improve performance on embedded devices. This flag is intended to improve performance on embedded devices.
This flag is only honored if the kernel was configured with the This flag is honored only if the kernel was configured with the
.B CONFIG_MMAP_ALLOW_UNINITIALIZED .B CONFIG_MMAP_ALLOW_UNINITIALIZED
option. option.
Because of the security implications, Because of the security implications,
@ -592,7 +592,7 @@ at any moment when the system runs out of memory.
In kernels before 2.6.7, the In kernels before 2.6.7, the
.B MAP_POPULATE .B MAP_POPULATE
flag only has effect if flag has effect only if
.I prot .I prot
is specified as is specified as
.BR PROT_NONE . .BR PROT_NONE .

View File

@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ Mount file system read-only.
.TP .TP
.BR MS_RELATIME " (Since Linux 2.6.20)" .BR MS_RELATIME " (Since Linux 2.6.20)"
When a file on this file system is accessed, When a file on this file system is accessed,
only update the file's last access time (atime) if the current value update the file's last access time (atime) only if the current value
of atime is less than or equal to the file's last modification time (mtime) of atime is less than or equal to the file's last modification time (mtime)
or last status change time (ctime). or last status change time (ctime).
This option is useful for programs, such as This option is useful for programs, such as
@ -411,7 +411,7 @@ The definitions of
.BR MS_RELATIME , .BR MS_RELATIME ,
and and
.BR MS_STRICTATIME .BR MS_STRICTATIME
were only added to glibc headers in version 2.12. were added to glibc headers in version 2.12.
.\" FIXME: Definitions of the so-far-undocumented MS_UNBINDABLE, MS_PRIVATE, .\" FIXME: Definitions of the so-far-undocumented MS_UNBINDABLE, MS_PRIVATE,
.\" MS_SHARED, and MS_SLAVE were (also) only added to glibc headers in 2.12. .\" MS_SHARED, and MS_SLAVE were (also) only added to glibc headers in 2.12.
.SH "CONFORMING TO" .SH "CONFORMING TO"

View File

@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ pages that need to be moved.
.I status .I status
is an array of integers that return the status of each page. is an array of integers that return the status of each page.
The array only contains valid values if The array contains valid values only if
.BR move_pages () .BR move_pages ()
did not return an error. did not return an error.
@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ array.
Identifies the node on which the page resides. Identifies the node on which the page resides.
.TP .TP
.B -EACCES .B -EACCES
The page is mapped by multiple processes and can only be moved if The page is mapped by multiple processes and can be moved only if
.B MPOL_MF_MOVE_ALL .B MPOL_MF_MOVE_ALL
is specified. is specified.
.TP .TP

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@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ implies
POSIX.1-2001 says that an implementation may permit access POSIX.1-2001 says that an implementation may permit access
other than that specified in other than that specified in
.IR prot , .IR prot ,
but at a minimum can only allow write access if but at a minimum can allow write access only if
.B PROT_WRITE .B PROT_WRITE
has been set, and must not allow any access if has been set, and must not allow any access if
.B PROT_NONE .B PROT_NONE

View File

@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ generate a signal
by default, but this can be changed via by default, but this can be changed via
.BR fcntl (2)) .BR fcntl (2))
when input or output becomes possible on this file descriptor. when input or output becomes possible on this file descriptor.
This feature is only available for terminals, pseudoterminals, This feature is available only for terminals, pseudoterminals,
sockets, and (since Linux 2.6) pipes and FIFOs. sockets, and (since Linux 2.6) pipes and FIFOs.
See See
.BR fcntl (2) .BR fcntl (2)
@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ the process's
.I umask .I umask
in the usual way: The permissions of the created file are in the usual way: The permissions of the created file are
.IR "(mode\ &\ ~umask)" . .IR "(mode\ &\ ~umask)" .
Note that this mode only applies to future accesses of the Note that this mode applies only to future accesses of the
newly created file; the newly created file; the
.BR open () .BR open ()
call that creates a read-only file may well return a read/write call that creates a read-only file may well return a read/write
@ -356,7 +356,7 @@ fails with the error
On NFS, On NFS,
.B O_EXCL .B O_EXCL
is only supported when using NFSv3 or later on kernel 2.6 or later. is supported only when using NFSv3 or later on kernel 2.6 or later.
In NFS environments where In NFS environments where
.B O_EXCL .B O_EXCL
support is not provided, programs that rely on it support is not provided, programs that rely on it
@ -681,7 +681,7 @@ to mean:
check for read and write permission on the file and return a descriptor check for read and write permission on the file and return a descriptor
that can't be used for reading or writing. that can't be used for reading or writing.
This nonstandard access mode is used by some Linux drivers to return a This nonstandard access mode is used by some Linux drivers to return a
descriptor that is only to be used for device-specific descriptor that is to be used only for device-specific
.BR ioctl (2) .BR ioctl (2)
operations. operations.
.\" See for example util-linux's disk-utils/setfdprm.c .\" See for example util-linux's disk-utils/setfdprm.c
@ -711,7 +711,7 @@ corresponding to the flags
.BR O_DSYNC , .BR O_DSYNC ,
and and
.BR O_RSYNC . .BR O_RSYNC .
Currently (2.6.31), Linux only implements Currently (2.6.31), Linux implements only
.BR O_SYNC , .BR O_SYNC ,
but glibc maps but glibc maps
.B O_DSYNC .B O_DSYNC
@ -860,7 +860,7 @@ Older kernels, or
kernels configured in certain ways, may not support this combination. kernels configured in certain ways, may not support this combination.
The NFS protocol does not support passing the flag to the server, so The NFS protocol does not support passing the flag to the server, so
.B O_DIRECT .B O_DIRECT
I/O will only bypass the page cache on the client; the server may I/O will bypass the page cache only on the client; the server may
still cache the I/O. still cache the I/O.
The client asks the server to make the I/O The client asks the server to make the I/O
synchronous to preserve the synchronous semantics of synchronous to preserve the synchronous semantics of

View File

@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ until a signal is delivered that either terminates the process or causes
the invocation of a signal-catching function. the invocation of a signal-catching function.
.SH RETURN VALUE .SH RETURN VALUE
.BR pause () .BR pause ()
only returns when a signal was caught and the returns only when a signal was caught and the
signal-catching function returned. signal-catching function returned.
In this case In this case
.BR pause () .BR pause ()

View File

@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ The system has not implemented these calls
not defined). not defined).
.TP .TP
.B EOPNOTSUPP .B EOPNOTSUPP
This return value is only valid for This return value is valid only for
.BR pciconfig_iobase (). .BR pciconfig_iobase ().
It is returned if the value for It is returned if the value for
.I which .I which

View File

@ -138,8 +138,8 @@ being set to the fd of the group leader.
(A single event on its own is created with (A single event on its own is created with
.IR group_fd " = \-1" .IR group_fd " = \-1"
and is considered to be a group with only 1 member.) and is considered to be a group with only 1 member.)
An event group is scheduled onto the CPU as a unit: it will only An event group is scheduled onto the CPU as a unit: it will
be put onto the CPU if all of the events in the group can be put onto be put onto the CPU ionly if all of the events in the group can be put onto
the CPU. the CPU.
This means that the values of the member events can be This means that the values of the member events can be
meaningfully compared, added, divided (to get ratios), etc., with each meaningfully compared, added, divided (to get ratios), etc., with each
@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ then a file descriptor opened on
must be passed as the must be passed as the
.I pid .I pid
parameter. parameter.
cgroup monitoring is only available cgroup monitoring is available only
for system-wide events and may therefore require extra permissions. for system-wide events and may therefore require extra permissions.
.P .P
The The
@ -461,7 +461,7 @@ These required disk I/O to handle.
This counts the number of alignment faults. This counts the number of alignment faults.
These happen when unaligned memory accesses happen; the kernel These happen when unaligned memory accesses happen; the kernel
can handle these but it reduces performance. can handle these but it reduces performance.
This only happens on some architectures (never on x86). This happens only on some architectures (never on x86).
.TP .TP
.BR PERF_COUNT_SW_EMULATION_FAULTS " (Since Linux 2.6.33)" .BR PERF_COUNT_SW_EMULATION_FAULTS " (Since Linux 2.6.33)"
This counts the number of emulation faults. This counts the number of emulation faults.
@ -708,7 +708,7 @@ The
.I inherit .I inherit
bit specifies that this counter should count events of child bit specifies that this counter should count events of child
tasks as well as the task specified. tasks as well as the task specified.
This only applies to new children, not to any existing children at This applies only to new children, not to any existing children at
the time the counter is created (nor to any new children of the time the counter is created (nor to any new children of
existing children). existing children).
@ -722,7 +722,7 @@ The
.I pinned .I pinned
bit specifies that the counter should always be on the CPU if at all bit specifies that the counter should always be on the CPU if at all
possible. possible.
It only applies to hardware counters and only to group leaders. It applies only to hardware counters and only to group leaders.
If a pinned counter cannot be put onto the CPU (e.g., because there are If a pinned counter cannot be put onto the CPU (e.g., because there are
not enough hardware counters or because of a conflict with some other not enough hardware counters or because of a conflict with some other
event), then the counter goes into an 'error' state, where reads event), then the counter goes into an 'error' state, where reads
@ -782,7 +782,7 @@ is used when setting up the sampling interval.
.IR "inherit_stat" .IR "inherit_stat"
This bit enables saving of event counts on context switch for This bit enables saving of event counts on context switch for
inherited tasks. inherited tasks.
This is only meaningful if the This is meaningful only if the
.I inherit .I inherit
field is set. field is set.
.TP .TP
@ -1040,7 +1040,7 @@ Total time the event was enabled and running.
Normally these are the same. Normally these are the same.
If more events are started If more events are started
than available counter slots on the PMU, then multiplexing than available counter slots on the PMU, then multiplexing
happens and events only run part of the time. happens and events run only part of the time.
In that case the In that case the
.I time_enabled .I time_enabled
and and
@ -1663,8 +1663,8 @@ file descriptor argument.
Enabling or disabling the leader of a group enables or disables the Enabling or disabling the leader of a group enables or disables the
entire group; that is, while the group leader is disabled, none of the entire group; that is, while the group leader is disabled, none of the
counters in the group will count. counters in the group will count.
Enabling or disabling a member of a group other than the leader only Enabling or disabling a member of a group other than the leader
affects that counter; disabling a non-leader affects only that counter; disabling a non-leader
stops that counter from counting but doesn't affect any other counter. stops that counter from counting but doesn't affect any other counter.
The ioctl argument is ignored. The ioctl argument is ignored.
@ -1686,7 +1686,7 @@ Using an argument of 0 is considered undefined behavior.
.B PERF_EVENT_IOC_RESET .B PERF_EVENT_IOC_RESET
Reset the event count specified by the Reset the event count specified by the
file descriptor argumentto zero. file descriptor argumentto zero.
This only resets the counts; there is no way to reset the This resets only the counts; there is no way to reset the
multiplexing multiplexing
.I time_enabled .I time_enabled
or or
@ -1727,7 +1727,7 @@ operations.
This applies to all counters on the current process, whether created by This applies to all counters on the current process, whether created by
this process or by another, and does not affect any counters that this this process or by another, and does not affect any counters that this
process has created on other processes. process has created on other processes.
It only enables or disables It enables or disables only
the group leaders, not any other members in the groups. the group leaders, not any other members in the groups.
.SS perf_event related configuration files .SS perf_event related configuration files
Files in Files in

View File

@ -305,7 +305,7 @@ in the location pointed to by
.BR PR_SET_PTRACER " (since Linux 3.4)" .BR PR_SET_PTRACER " (since Linux 3.4)"
.\" commit 2d514487faf188938a4ee4fb3464eeecfbdcf8eb .\" commit 2d514487faf188938a4ee4fb3464eeecfbdcf8eb
.\" commit bf06189e4d14641c0148bea16e9dd24943862215 .\" commit bf06189e4d14641c0148bea16e9dd24943862215
This is only meaningful when the Yama LSM is enabled and in mode 1 This is meaningful only when the Yama LSM is enabled and in mode 1
("restricted ptrace", visible via ("restricted ptrace", visible via
.IR /proc/sys/kernel/yama/ptrace_scope ). .IR /proc/sys/kernel/yama/ptrace_scope ).
When a "ptracer process ID" is passed in \fIarg2\fP, When a "ptracer process ID" is passed in \fIarg2\fP,
@ -357,7 +357,7 @@ signal.
Strict secure computing mode is useful for number-crunching applications Strict secure computing mode is useful for number-crunching applications
that may need to execute untrusted byte code, that may need to execute untrusted byte code,
perhaps obtained by reading from a pipe or socket. perhaps obtained by reading from a pipe or socket.
This operation is only available This operation is available only
if the kernel is configured with if the kernel is configured with
.B CONFIG_SECCOMP .B CONFIG_SECCOMP
enabled. enabled.
@ -373,7 +373,7 @@ This argument is a pointer to
.IR "struct sock_fprog" ; .IR "struct sock_fprog" ;
it can be designed to filter it can be designed to filter
arbitrary system calls and system call arguments. arbitrary system calls and system call arguments.
This mode is only available if the kernel is configured with This mode is available only if the kernel is configured with
.B CONFIG_SECCOMP_FILTER .B CONFIG_SECCOMP_FILTER
enabled. enabled.
@ -405,7 +405,7 @@ call will cause a
signal to be sent to the process. signal to be sent to the process.
If the caller is in filter mode, and this system call is allowed by the If the caller is in filter mode, and this system call is allowed by the
seccomp filters, it returns 2. seccomp filters, it returns 2.
This operation is only available This operation is available only
if the kernel is configured with if the kernel is configured with
.B CONFIG_SECCOMP .B CONFIG_SECCOMP
enabled. enabled.
@ -613,7 +613,7 @@ Early kill means that the thread receives a
.B SIGBUS .B SIGBUS
signal as soon as hardware memory corruption is detected inside signal as soon as hardware memory corruption is detected inside
its address space. its address space.
In late kill mode, the process is only killed when it accesses a corrupted page. In late kill mode, the process is killed only when it accesses a corrupted page.
See See
.BR sigaction (2) .BR sigaction (2)
for more information on the for more information on the

View File

@ -565,7 +565,7 @@ has been stopped by a
(or other stopping signal). (or other stopping signal).
See the "group-stop" subsection for additional information. See the "group-stop" subsection for additional information.
.B PTRACE_LISTEN .B PTRACE_LISTEN
only works on tracees attached by works only on tracees attached by
.BR PTRACE_SEIZE . .BR PTRACE_SEIZE .
.TP .TP
.B PTRACE_KILL .B PTRACE_KILL

View File

@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ is set to the minimum size needed.
is not supported in this version of the kernel is not supported in this version of the kernel
(e.g., the kernel is version 2.6 or later). (e.g., the kernel is version 2.6 or later).
.SH VERSIONS .SH VERSIONS
This system call is only present on Linux up until kernel 2.4; This system call is present on Linux only up until kernel 2.4;
it was removed in Linux 2.6. it was removed in Linux 2.6.
.\" Removed in Linux 2.5.48 .\" Removed in Linux 2.5.48
.SH CONFORMING TO .SH CONFORMING TO

View File

@ -173,8 +173,8 @@ or to return the number of bytes already read.
.SH CONFORMING TO .SH CONFORMING TO
SVr4, 4.3BSD, POSIX.1-2001. SVr4, 4.3BSD, POSIX.1-2001.
.SH NOTES .SH NOTES
On NFS file systems, reading small amounts of data will only update the On NFS file systems, reading small amounts of data will update the
timestamp the first time, subsequent calls may not do so. timestamp only the first time, subsequent calls may not do so.
This is caused This is caused
by client side attribute caching, because most if not all NFS clients by client side attribute caching, because most if not all NFS clients
leave st_atime (last file access time) leave st_atime (last file access time)

View File

@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ data will be lost.
.BR LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_KEXEC " (since Linux 2.6.13)" .BR LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_KEXEC " (since Linux 2.6.13)"
Execute a kernel that has been loaded earlier with Execute a kernel that has been loaded earlier with
.BR kexec_load (2). .BR kexec_load (2).
This option is only available if the kernel was configured with This option is available only if the kernel was configured with
.BR CONFIG_KEXEC . .BR CONFIG_KEXEC .
.TP .TP
.B LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_POWER_OFF .B LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_POWER_OFF

View File

@ -352,7 +352,7 @@ struct cmsghdr {
.fi .fi
.in .in
.PP .PP
Ancillary data should only be accessed by the macros defined in Ancillary data should be accessed only by the macros defined in
.BR cmsg (3). .BR cmsg (3).
.PP .PP
As an example, Linux uses this ancillary data mechanism to pass extended As an example, Linux uses this ancillary data mechanism to pass extended
@ -446,7 +446,7 @@ does not refer to a socket.
4.4BSD (these function calls first appeared in 4.2BSD), 4.4BSD (these function calls first appeared in 4.2BSD),
POSIX.1-2001. POSIX.1-2001.
.LP .LP
POSIX.1-2001 only describes the POSIX.1-2001 describes only the
.BR MSG_OOB , .BR MSG_OOB ,
.BR MSG_PEEK , .BR MSG_PEEK ,
and and

View File

@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ The run-time instrumentation facility is not available.
.SH VERSIONS .SH VERSIONS
This system call is available since Linux 3.7. This system call is available since Linux 3.7.
.SH CONFORMING TO .SH CONFORMING TO
This Linux-specific system call is only available on the s390 architecture. This Linux-specific system call is available only on the s390 architecture.
The run-time instrumentation facility is available beginning with System z EC12. The run-time instrumentation facility is available beginning with System z EC12.
.SH NOTES .SH NOTES
Glibc does not provide a wrapper for this system call, use Glibc does not provide a wrapper for this system call, use

View File

@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ Processes scheduled under one of the real-time policies
\fIsched_priority\fP value in the range 1 (low) to 99 (high). \fIsched_priority\fP value in the range 1 (low) to 99 (high).
(As the numbers imply, real-time processes always have higher priority (As the numbers imply, real-time processes always have higher priority
than normal processes.) than normal processes.)
Note well: POSIX.1-2001 only requires an implementation to support a Note well: POSIX.1-2001 requires an implementation to support only a
minimum 32 distinct priority levels for the real-time policies, minimum 32 distinct priority levels for the real-time policies,
and some systems supply just this minimum. and some systems supply just this minimum.
Portable programs should use Portable programs should use
@ -148,11 +148,11 @@ All scheduling is preemptive: if a process with a higher static
priority becomes ready to run, the currently running process priority becomes ready to run, the currently running process
will be preempted and will be preempted and
returned to the wait list for its static priority level. returned to the wait list for its static priority level.
The scheduling policy only determines the The scheduling policy determines the
ordering within the list of runnable processes with equal static ordering only within the list of runnable processes with equal static
priority. priority.
.SS SCHED_FIFO: First in-first out scheduling .SS SCHED_FIFO: First in-first out scheduling
\fBSCHED_FIFO\fP can only be used with static priorities higher than \fBSCHED_FIFO\fP can be used only with static priorities higher than
0, which means that when a \fBSCHED_FIFO\fP processes becomes runnable, 0, which means that when a \fBSCHED_FIFO\fP processes becomes runnable,
it will always immediately preempt any currently running it will always immediately preempt any currently running
\fBSCHED_OTHER\fP, \fBSCHED_BATCH\fP, or \fBSCHED_IDLE\fP process. \fBSCHED_OTHER\fP, \fBSCHED_BATCH\fP, or \fBSCHED_IDLE\fP process.
@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ preempted by a higher priority process, or it calls
\fBSCHED_RR\fP is a simple enhancement of \fBSCHED_FIFO\fP. \fBSCHED_RR\fP is a simple enhancement of \fBSCHED_FIFO\fP.
Everything Everything
described above for \fBSCHED_FIFO\fP also applies to \fBSCHED_RR\fP, described above for \fBSCHED_FIFO\fP also applies to \fBSCHED_RR\fP,
except that each process is only allowed to run for a maximum time except that each process is allowed to run only for a maximum time
quantum. quantum.
If a \fBSCHED_RR\fP process has been running for a time If a \fBSCHED_RR\fP process has been running for a time
period equal to or longer than the time quantum, it will be put at the period equal to or longer than the time quantum, it will be put at the
@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ retrieved using
.\" by the process nice value -- MTK .\" by the process nice value -- MTK
.\" .\"
.SS SCHED_OTHER: Default Linux time-sharing scheduling .SS SCHED_OTHER: Default Linux time-sharing scheduling
\fBSCHED_OTHER\fP can only be used at static priority 0. \fBSCHED_OTHER\fP can be used at only static priority 0.
\fBSCHED_OTHER\fP is the standard Linux time-sharing scheduler that is \fBSCHED_OTHER\fP is the standard Linux time-sharing scheduler that is
intended for all processes that do not require the special intended for all processes that do not require the special
real-time mechanisms. real-time mechanisms.
@ -232,7 +232,7 @@ This ensures fair progress among all \fBSCHED_OTHER\fP processes.
.\" .\"
.SS SCHED_BATCH: Scheduling batch processes .SS SCHED_BATCH: Scheduling batch processes
(Since Linux 2.6.16.) (Since Linux 2.6.16.)
\fBSCHED_BATCH\fP can only be used at static priority 0. \fBSCHED_BATCH\fP can be used only at static priority 0.
This policy is similar to \fBSCHED_OTHER\fP in that it schedules This policy is similar to \fBSCHED_OTHER\fP in that it schedules
the process according to its dynamic priority the process according to its dynamic priority
(based on the nice value). (based on the nice value).
@ -253,7 +253,7 @@ interactivity causing extra preemptions (between the workload's tasks).
.\" .\"
.SS SCHED_IDLE: Scheduling very low priority jobs .SS SCHED_IDLE: Scheduling very low priority jobs
(Since Linux 2.6.23.) (Since Linux 2.6.23.)
\fBSCHED_IDLE\fP can only be used at static priority 0; \fBSCHED_IDLE\fP can be used only at static priority 0;
the process nice value has no influence for this policy. the process nice value has no influence for this policy.
This policy is intended for running jobs at extremely low This policy is intended for running jobs at extremely low
@ -299,7 +299,7 @@ the nice value is reset to zero in child processes.
After the After the
.BR SCHED_RESET_ON_FORK .BR SCHED_RESET_ON_FORK
flag has been enabled, flag has been enabled,
it can only be reset if the process has the it can be reset only if the process has the
.BR CAP_SYS_NICE .BR CAP_SYS_NICE
capability. capability.
This flag is disabled in child processes created by This flag is disabled in child processes created by
@ -317,7 +317,7 @@ processes can set a nonzero static priority (i.e., set a real-time
scheduling policy). scheduling policy).
The only change that an unprivileged process can make is to set the The only change that an unprivileged process can make is to set the
.B SCHED_OTHER .B SCHED_OTHER
policy, and this can only be done if the effective user ID of the caller of policy, and this can be done only if the effective user ID of the caller of
.BR sched_setscheduler () .BR sched_setscheduler ()
matches the real or effective user ID of the target process matches the real or effective user ID of the target process
(i.e., the process specified by (i.e., the process specified by

View File

@ -384,7 +384,7 @@ If they do read/write the full amount, it's
because you have a low traffic load and a fast stream. because you have a low traffic load and a fast stream.
This is not always going to be the case. This is not always going to be the case.
You should cope with the case of your You should cope with the case of your
functions only managing to send or receive a single byte. functions managing to send or receive only a single byte.
.TP .TP
6. 6.
Never read/write only in single bytes at a time unless you are really Never read/write only in single bytes at a time unless you are really
@ -481,7 +481,7 @@ follows:
select(0, NULL, NULL, NULL, &tv); select(0, NULL, NULL, NULL, &tv);
.fi .fi
.PP .PP
This is only guaranteed to work on UNIX systems, however. This is guaranteed to work only on UNIX systems, however.
.SH RETURN VALUE .SH RETURN VALUE
On success, On success,
.BR select () .BR select ()

View File

@ -173,17 +173,17 @@ Only valid on
.B SOCK_DGRAM .B SOCK_DGRAM
and and
.B SOCK_RAW .B SOCK_RAW
sockets and currently only implemented for IPv4 and IPv6. sockets and currently implemented only for IPv4 and IPv6.
See See
.BR arp (7) .BR arp (7)
for details. for details.
.TP .TP
.B MSG_DONTROUTE .B MSG_DONTROUTE
Don't use a gateway to send out the packet, only send to hosts on Don't use a gateway to send out the packet, send to hosts only on
directly connected networks. directly connected networks.
This is usually used only This is usually used only
by diagnostic or routing programs. by diagnostic or routing programs.
This is only defined for protocol This is defined only for protocol
families that route; packet sockets don't. families that route; packet sockets don't.
.TP .TP
.BR MSG_DONTWAIT " (since Linux 2.2)" .BR MSG_DONTWAIT " (since Linux 2.2)"
@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ with the difference that this flag can be set on a per-call basis.
Since Linux 2.6, this flag is also supported for UDP sockets, and informs Since Linux 2.6, this flag is also supported for UDP sockets, and informs
the kernel to package all of the data sent in calls with this flag set the kernel to package all of the data sent in calls with this flag set
into a single datagram which is only transmitted when a call is performed into a single datagram which is transmitted only when a call is performed
that does not specify this flag. that does not specify this flag.
(See also the (See also the
.B UDP_CORK .B UDP_CORK
@ -369,7 +369,7 @@ is set.
4.4BSD, SVr4, POSIX.1-2001. 4.4BSD, SVr4, POSIX.1-2001.
These function calls appeared in 4.2BSD. These function calls appeared in 4.2BSD.
.LP .LP
POSIX.1-2001 only describes the POSIX.1-2001 describes only the
.B MSG_OOB .B MSG_OOB
and and
.B MSG_EOR .B MSG_EOR

View File

@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ and of memory mapped files mapped using the
call with the call with the
.B MAP_SHARED .B MAP_SHARED
flag, regardless of the access type. flag, regardless of the access type.
The policy is only applied when a new page is allocated The policy is applied only when a new page is allocated
for the process. for the process.
For anonymous memory this is when the page is first For anonymous memory this is when the page is first
touched by the application. touched by the application.
@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ points to a bit mask of node IDs that contains up to
bits. bits.
The bit mask size is rounded to the next multiple of The bit mask size is rounded to the next multiple of
.IR "sizeof(unsigned long)" , .IR "sizeof(unsigned long)" ,
but the kernel will only use bits up to but the kernel will use bits only up to
.IR maxnode . .IR maxnode .
A NULL value of A NULL value of
.I nodemask .I nodemask

View File

@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ Explicit calls to
.BR setfsuid (2) .BR setfsuid (2)
and and
.BR setfsgid () .BR setfsgid ()
are usually only used by programs such as the Linux NFS server that are usually used only by programs such as the Linux NFS server that
need to change what user and group ID is used for file access without a need to change what user and group ID is used for file access without a
corresponding change in the real and effective user and group IDs. corresponding change in the real and effective user and group IDs.
A change in the normal user IDs for a program such as the NFS server A change in the normal user IDs for a program such as the NFS server
@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ is a security hole that can expose it to unwanted signals.
(But see below.) (But see below.)
.BR setfsgid () .BR setfsgid ()
will only succeed if the caller is the superuser or if will succeed only if the caller is the superuser or if
.I fsgid .I fsgid
matches either the real group ID, effective group ID, matches either the real group ID, effective group ID,
saved set-group-ID, or the current value of saved set-group-ID, or the current value of

View File

@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ Explicit calls to
.BR setfsuid () .BR setfsuid ()
and and
.BR setfsgid (2) .BR setfsgid (2)
are usually only used by programs such as the Linux NFS server that are usually used only by programs such as the Linux NFS server that
need to change what user and group ID is used for file access without a need to change what user and group ID is used for file access without a
corresponding change in the real and effective user and group IDs. corresponding change in the real and effective user and group IDs.
A change in the normal user IDs for a program such as the NFS server A change in the normal user IDs for a program such as the NFS server
@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ is a security hole that can expose it to unwanted signals.
(But see below.) (But see below.)
.BR setfsuid () .BR setfsuid ()
will only succeed if the caller is the superuser or if will succeed only if the caller is the superuser or if
.I fsuid .I fsuid
matches either the real user ID, effective user ID, saved set-user-ID, or matches either the real user ID, effective user ID, saved set-user-ID, or
the current value of the current value of

View File

@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ or resume (i.e., they receive
.BR SIGCONT ) .BR SIGCONT )
(see (see
.BR wait (2)). .BR wait (2)).
This flag is only meaningful when establishing a handler for This flag is meaningful only when establishing a handler for
.BR SIGCHLD . .BR SIGCHLD .
.TP .TP
.BR SA_NOCLDWAIT " (since Linux 2.6)" .BR SA_NOCLDWAIT " (since Linux 2.6)"
@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ is
do not transform children into zombies when they terminate. do not transform children into zombies when they terminate.
See also See also
.BR waitpid (2). .BR waitpid (2).
This flag is only meaningful when establishing a handler for This flag is meaningful only when establishing a handler for
.BR SIGCHLD , .BR SIGCHLD ,
or when setting that signal's disposition to or when setting that signal's disposition to
.BR SIG_DFL . .BR SIG_DFL .
@ -214,7 +214,7 @@ on some other implementations, it is not.
.B SA_NODEFER .B SA_NODEFER
Do not prevent the signal from being received from within its own signal Do not prevent the signal from being received from within its own signal
handler. handler.
This flag is only meaningful when establishing a signal handler. This flag is meaningful only when establishing a signal handler.
.B SA_NOMASK .B SA_NOMASK
is an obsolete, nonstandard synonym for this flag. is an obsolete, nonstandard synonym for this flag.
.TP .TP
@ -222,18 +222,18 @@ is an obsolete, nonstandard synonym for this flag.
Call the signal handler on an alternate signal stack provided by Call the signal handler on an alternate signal stack provided by
.BR sigaltstack (2). .BR sigaltstack (2).
If an alternate stack is not available, the default stack will be used. If an alternate stack is not available, the default stack will be used.
This flag is only meaningful when establishing a signal handler. This flag is meaningful only when establishing a signal handler.
.TP .TP
.BR SA_RESETHAND .BR SA_RESETHAND
Restore the signal action to the default upon entry to the signal handler. Restore the signal action to the default upon entry to the signal handler.
This flag is only meaningful when establishing a signal handler. This flag is meaningful only when establishing a signal handler.
.B SA_ONESHOT .B SA_ONESHOT
is an obsolete, nonstandard synonym for this flag. is an obsolete, nonstandard synonym for this flag.
.TP .TP
.B SA_RESTART .B SA_RESTART
Provide behavior compatible with BSD signal semantics by making certain Provide behavior compatible with BSD signal semantics by making certain
system calls restartable across signals. system calls restartable across signals.
This flag is only meaningful when establishing a signal handler. This flag is meaningful only when establishing a signal handler.
See See
.BR signal (7) .BR signal (7)
for a discussion of system call restarting. for a discussion of system call restarting.
@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ In this case,
.I sa_sigaction .I sa_sigaction
should be set instead of should be set instead of
.IR sa_handler . .IR sa_handler .
This flag is only meaningful when establishing a signal handler. This flag is meaningful only when establishing a signal handler.
.\" (The .\" (The
.\" .I sa_sigaction .\" .I sa_sigaction
.\" field was added in Linux 2.1.86.) .\" field was added in Linux 2.1.86.)
@ -293,8 +293,8 @@ siginfo_t {
are defined for all signals. are defined for all signals.
.RI ( si_errno .RI ( si_errno
is generally unused on Linux.) is generally unused on Linux.)
The rest of the struct may be a union, so that one should only The rest of the struct may be a union, so that one should
read the fields that are meaningful for the given signal: read only the fields that are meaningful for the given signal:
.IP * 2 .IP * 2
Signals sent with Signals sent with
.BR kill (2) .BR kill (2)
@ -719,7 +719,7 @@ signal and perform a
.BR wait (2) .BR wait (2)
or similar. or similar.
.PP .PP
POSIX.1-1990 only specified POSIX.1-1990 specified only
.BR SA_NOCLDSTOP . .BR SA_NOCLDSTOP .
POSIX.1-2001 added POSIX.1-2001 added
.BR SA_NOCLDWAIT , .BR SA_NOCLDWAIT ,

View File

@ -248,7 +248,7 @@ The
.BR spu_create () .BR spu_create ()
system call was added to Linux in kernel 2.6.16. system call was added to Linux in kernel 2.6.16.
.SH CONFORMING TO .SH CONFORMING TO
This call is Linux-specific and only implemented on the PowerPC This call is Linux-specific and implemented only on the PowerPC
architecture. architecture.
Programs using this system call are not portable. Programs using this system call are not portable.
.SH NOTES .SH NOTES

View File

@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ SPU has tried to access an invalid channel.
The bits masked with this value contain the code returned from a The bits masked with this value contain the code returned from a
.BR stop-and-signal .BR stop-and-signal
instruction. instruction.
These bits are only valid if the 0x02 bit is set. These bits are valid only if the 0x02 bit is set.
.PP .PP
If If
.BR spu_run () .BR spu_run ()
@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ The
.BR spu_run () .BR spu_run ()
system call was added to Linux in kernel 2.6.16. system call was added to Linux in kernel 2.6.16.
.SH CONFORMING TO .SH CONFORMING TO
This call is Linux-specific and only implemented by the PowerPC This call is Linux-specific and implemented only by the PowerPC
architecture. architecture.
Programs using this system call are not portable. Programs using this system call are not portable.
.SH NOTES .SH NOTES

View File

@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ The time, pointed
to by \fIt\fP, is measured in seconds since the to by \fIt\fP, is measured in seconds since the
Epoch, 1970-01-01 00:00:00 +0000 (UTC). Epoch, 1970-01-01 00:00:00 +0000 (UTC).
.BR stime () .BR stime ()
may only be executed by the superuser. may be executed only by the superuser.
.SH RETURN VALUE .SH RETURN VALUE
On success, zero is returned. On success, zero is returned.
On error, \-1 is returned, and On error, \-1 is returned, and

View File

@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ if the swap device supports the discard or trim operation.
but often it does not.) but often it does not.)
See also NOTES. See also NOTES.
.PP .PP
These functions may only be used by a privileged process (one having the These functions may be used only by a privileged process (one having the
.B CAP_SYS_ADMIN .B CAP_SYS_ADMIN
capability). capability).
.SS Priority .SS Priority

View File

@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ at most \fIlen\fP bytes into the buffer pointed to by
.IR bufp . .IR bufp .
The call returns the number of bytes read. The call returns the number of bytes read.
Bytes read from the log disappear from the log buffer: Bytes read from the log disappear from the log buffer:
the information can only be read once. the information can be read only once.
This is the function executed by the kernel when a user program reads This is the function executed by the kernel when a user program reads
.IR /proc/kmsg . .IR /proc/kmsg .
.TP .TP

View File

@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ field specifies a kernel thread ID, that is, the value returned by
.BR clone (2) .BR clone (2)
or or
.BR gettid (2). .BR gettid (2).
This flag is only intended for use by threading libraries. This flag is intended only for use by threading libraries.
.PP .PP
Specifying Specifying
.I sevp .I sevp

View File

@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ This allows an application to avoid the overhead of making
a system call to obtain the overrun count, a system call to obtain the overrun count,
but is a nonportable extension to POSIX.1-2001. but is a nonportable extension to POSIX.1-2001.
POSIX.1-2001 only discusses timer overruns in the context of POSIX.1-2001 discusses timer overruns only in the context of
timer notifications using signals. timer notifications using signals.
.\" FIXME . Austin bug filed, 11 Feb 09 .\" FIXME . Austin bug filed, 11 Feb 09
.SH BUGS .SH BUGS

View File

@ -136,8 +136,8 @@ are automatically included in the
.I tms_cstime .I tms_cstime
and and
.I tms_cutime .I tms_cutime
fields, although POSIX.1-2001 says that this should only happen fields, although POSIX.1-2001 says that this should happen
if the calling process only if the calling process
.BR wait (2)s .BR wait (2)s
on its children. on its children.
This nonconformance is rectified in Linux 2.6.9 and later. This nonconformance is rectified in Linux 2.6.9 and later.

View File

@ -48,14 +48,14 @@ in the thread group
.IR tgid . .IR tgid .
(By contrast, (By contrast,
.BR kill (2) .BR kill (2)
can only be used to send a signal to a process (i.e., thread group) can be used to send a signal only to a process (i.e., thread group)
as a whole, and the signal will be delivered to an arbitrary as a whole, and the signal will be delivered to an arbitrary
thread within that process.) thread within that process.)
.BR tkill () .BR tkill ()
is an obsolete predecessor to is an obsolete predecessor to
.BR tgkill (). .BR tgkill ().
It only allows the target thread ID to be specified, It allows only the target thread ID to be specified,
which may result in the wrong thread being signaled if a thread which may result in the wrong thread being signaled if a thread
terminates and its thread ID is recycled. terminates and its thread ID is recycled.
Avoid using this system call. Avoid using this system call.

View File

@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ The caller does not have the required privileges.
and and
.BR MNT_EXPIRE .BR MNT_EXPIRE
.\" http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=10092 .\" http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=10092
are only available in glibc since version 2.11. are available in glibc since version 2.11.
.SH CONFORMING TO .SH CONFORMING TO
These functions are Linux-specific and should not be used in These functions are Linux-specific and should not be used in
programs intended to be portable. programs intended to be portable.

View File

@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ Some system calls, like
.BR iopl (2), .BR iopl (2),
and and
.BR vm86 (2) .BR vm86 (2)
only exist on certain architectures. exist only on certain architectures.
Some system calls, like Some system calls, like
.BR ipc (2), .BR ipc (2),
@ -60,6 +60,6 @@ Some system calls, like
.BR init_module (2), .BR init_module (2),
and and
.BR delete_module (2) .BR delete_module (2)
only exist when the Linux kernel was built with support for them. exist only when the Linux kernel was built with support for them.
.SH SEE ALSO .SH SEE ALSO
.BR syscalls (2) .BR syscalls (2)

View File

@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ SVr4.
.\" but has no ENOSYS condition. .\" but has no ENOSYS condition.
.SH NOTES .SH NOTES
.BR ustat () .BR ustat ()
is deprecated and has only been provided for compatibility. is deprecated and has been provided only for compatibility.
All new programs should use All new programs should use
.BR statfs (2) .BR statfs (2)
instead. instead.

View File

@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ architecture.
.B EPERM .B EPERM
Saved kernel stack exists. Saved kernel stack exists.
(This is a kernel sanity check; the saved (This is a kernel sanity check; the saved
stack should only exist within vm86 mode itself.) stack should exist only within vm86 mode itself.)
.SH CONFORMING TO .SH CONFORMING TO
This call is specific to Linux on 32-bit Intel processors, This call is specific to Linux on 32-bit Intel processors,
and should not be used in programs intended to be portable. and should not be used in programs intended to be portable.

View File

@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ argument that the child specified in a call to
or or
.BR _exit (2) .BR _exit (2)
or as the argument for a return statement in main(). or as the argument for a return statement in main().
This macro should only be employed if This macro should be employed only if
.B WIFEXITED .B WIFEXITED
returned true. returned true.
.TP .TP
@ -206,13 +206,13 @@ returns true if the child process was terminated by a signal.
.BI WTERMSIG( status ) .BI WTERMSIG( status )
returns the number of the signal that caused the child process to returns the number of the signal that caused the child process to
terminate. terminate.
This macro should only be employed if This macro should be employed only if
.B WIFSIGNALED .B WIFSIGNALED
returned true. returned true.
.TP .TP
.BI WCOREDUMP( status ) .BI WCOREDUMP( status )
returns true if the child produced a core dump. returns true if the child produced a core dump.
This macro should only be employed if This macro should be employed only if
.B WIFSIGNALED .B WIFSIGNALED
returned true. returned true.
This macro is not specified in POSIX.1-2001 and is not available on This macro is not specified in POSIX.1-2001 and is not available on
@ -221,14 +221,14 @@ Only use this enclosed in #ifdef WCOREDUMP ... #endif.
.TP .TP
.BI WIFSTOPPED( status ) .BI WIFSTOPPED( status )
returns true if the child process was stopped by delivery of a signal; returns true if the child process was stopped by delivery of a signal;
this is only possible if the call was done using this is possible only if the call was done using
.B WUNTRACED .B WUNTRACED
or when the child is being traced (see or when the child is being traced (see
.BR ptrace (2)). .BR ptrace (2)).
.TP .TP
.BI WSTOPSIG( status ) .BI WSTOPSIG( status )
returns the number of the signal which caused the child to stop. returns the number of the signal which caused the child to stop.
This macro should only be employed if This macro should be employed only if
.B WIFSTOPPED .B WIFSTOPPED
returned true. returned true.
.TP .TP

View File

@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ Returns the absolute value of the integer argument, of the appropriate
integer type for the function. integer type for the function.
.SH CONFORMING TO .SH CONFORMING TO
SVr4, POSIX.1-2001, 4.3BSD, C99. SVr4, POSIX.1-2001, 4.3BSD, C99.
.\" POSIX.1 (1996 edition) only requires the .\" POSIX.1 (1996 edition) requires only the
.\" .BR abs () .\" .BR abs ()
.\" function. .\" function.
C89 only C89 only

View File

@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ On error the request is not enqueued, \-1
is returned, and is returned, and
.I errno .I errno
is set appropriately. is set appropriately.
If an error is only detected later, it will If an error is detected only later, it will
be reported via be reported via
.BR aio_return (3) .BR aio_return (3)
(returns status \-1) and (returns status \-1) and

View File

@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ On error the request is not enqueued, \-1
is returned, and is returned, and
.I errno .I errno
is set appropriately. is set appropriately.
If an error is only detected later, it will If an error is detected only later, it will
be reported via be reported via
.BR aio_return (3) .BR aio_return (3)
(returns status \-1) and (returns status \-1) and

View File

@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ for details.
The use of The use of
.I sighandler_t .I sighandler_t
is a GNU extension; is a GNU extension;
this type is only defined if the this type is defined only if the
.B _GNU_SOURCE .B _GNU_SOURCE
feature test macro is defined. feature test macro is defined.
.SH SEE ALSO .SH SEE ALSO

View File

@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ returns the value
.SH CONFORMING TO .SH CONFORMING TO
POSIX.1-2001. POSIX.1-2001.
.SH NOTES .SH NOTES
These functions are only available in libc.so.4.4.4c and above. These functions are available only in libc.so.4.4.4c and above.
The Jan 1987 X/Open Portability Guide specifies a more subtle The Jan 1987 X/Open Portability Guide specifies a more subtle
error return: error return:
.I message .I message

View File

@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ and
but changed its mind and scheduled these functions for some but changed its mind and scheduled these functions for some
later issue of this standard (cf. B.4.6.1). later issue of this standard (cf. B.4.6.1).
However, POSIX.1-2001 However, POSIX.1-2001
only adds adds only
.BR putenv (3), .BR putenv (3),
and rejected and rejected
.BR clearenv (). .BR clearenv ().

View File

@ -52,8 +52,8 @@ See their manual pages for more information.
Ancillary data is a sequence of Ancillary data is a sequence of
.I struct cmsghdr .I struct cmsghdr
structures with appended data. structures with appended data.
This sequence should only be accessed This sequence should be accessed
using the macros described in this manual page and never directly. using only the macros described in this manual page and never directly.
See the specific protocol man pages for the available control message types. See the specific protocol man pages for the available control message types.
The maximum ancillary buffer size allowed per socket can be set using The maximum ancillary buffer size allowed per socket can be set using
.IR /proc/sys/net/core/optmem_max ; .IR /proc/sys/net/core/optmem_max ;
@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ the IPv6 advanced API described in RFC\ 2292 and the SUSv2.
.BR CMSG_ALIGN () .BR CMSG_ALIGN ()
is a Linux extension. is a Linux extension.
.SH NOTES .SH NOTES
For portability, ancillary data should be accessed only using the macros For portability, ancillary data should be accessed using only the macros
described here. described here.
.BR CMSG_ALIGN () .BR CMSG_ALIGN ()
is a Linux extension and should be not used in portable programs. is a Linux extension and should be not used in portable programs.

View File

@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ are available only for the
.B DB_RECNO .B DB_RECNO
access method because they each imply that the access method is able to access method because they each imply that the access method is able to
create new keys. create new keys.
This is only true if the keys are ordered and independent, record numbers This is true only if the keys are ordered and independent, record numbers
for example. for example.
.IP .IP
The default behavior of the The default behavior of the

View File

@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ returns the file descriptor associated with the directory stream
.IR dirp . .IR dirp .
.LP .LP
This descriptor is the one used internally by the directory stream. This descriptor is the one used internally by the directory stream.
As a result, it is only useful for functions which do not depend on As a result, it is useful only for functions which do not depend on
or alter the file position, such as or alter the file position, such as
.BR fstat (2) .BR fstat (2)
and and
@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ This function was a BSD extension, present in 4.3BSD-Reno, not in 4.2BSD.
.SH NOTES .SH NOTES
The prototype for The prototype for
.BR dirfd () .BR dirfd ()
is only available if is available only if
.B _BSD_SOURCE .B _BSD_SOURCE
or or
.B _SVID_SOURCE .B _SVID_SOURCE

View File

@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ One of the following two values must be included in
Perform lazy binding. Perform lazy binding.
Only resolve symbols as the code that references them is executed. Only resolve symbols as the code that references them is executed.
If the symbol is never referenced, then it is never resolved. If the symbol is never referenced, then it is never resolved.
(Lazy binding is only performed for function references; (Lazy binding is performed only for function references;
references to variables are always immediately bound when references to variables are always immediately bound when
the library is loaded.) the library is loaded.)
.TP .TP
@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ has been called on it as many times as
has succeeded on it. has succeeded on it.
The The
.BR _init () .BR _init ()
routine, if present, is only called once. routine, if present, is called only once.
But a subsequent call with But a subsequent call with
.B RTLD_NOW .B RTLD_NOW
may force symbol resolution for a library earlier loaded with may force symbol resolution for a library earlier loaded with

View File

@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ with the path of the file as its first argument.
.SH RETURN VALUE .SH RETURN VALUE
The The
.BR exec () .BR exec ()
functions only return if an error has occurred. functions return only if an error has occurred.
The return value is \-1, and The return value is \-1, and
.I errno .I errno
is set to indicate the error. is set to indicate the error.

View File

@ -272,7 +272,7 @@ which represents an environment where every exception raised causes a
trap to occur. trap to occur.
You can test for this macro using You can test for this macro using
.BR #ifdef . .BR #ifdef .
It is only defined if It is defined only if
.B _GNU_SOURCE .B _GNU_SOURCE
is defined. is defined.
The C99 standard does not define a way to set individual bits in the The C99 standard does not define a way to set individual bits in the

View File

@ -73,8 +73,7 @@ The function
tests the end-of-file indicator for the stream pointed to by tests the end-of-file indicator for the stream pointed to by
.IR stream , .IR stream ,
returning nonzero if it is set. returning nonzero if it is set.
The end-of-file indicator can only be The end-of-file indicator can be cleared only by the function
cleared by the function
.BR clearerr (). .BR clearerr ().
.PP .PP
The function The function
@ -82,7 +81,7 @@ The function
tests the error indicator for the stream pointed to by tests the error indicator for the stream pointed to by
.IR stream , .IR stream ,
returning nonzero if it is set. returning nonzero if it is set.
The error indicator can only be reset by the The error indicator can be reset only by the
.BR clearerr () .BR clearerr ()
function. function.
.PP .PP

View File

@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ to allow for this.
Attempts to write more than Attempts to write more than
.I size .I size
bytes to the buffer result in an error. bytes to the buffer result in an error.
(By default, such errors will only be visible when the (By default, such errors will be visible only when the
.I stdio .I stdio
buffer is flushed. buffer is flushed.
Disabling buffering with Disabling buffering with

View File

@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ matched if it matches an initial segment of
.I string .I string
which is followed by a slash. which is followed by a slash.
This flag is mainly for the internal This flag is mainly for the internal
use of glibc and is only implemented in certain cases. use of glibc and is implemented only in certain cases.
.TP .TP
.B FNM_CASEFOLD .B FNM_CASEFOLD
If this flag (a GNU extension) is set, the pattern is matched If this flag (a GNU extension) is set, the pattern is matched

View File

@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ Currently,
.\" As at glibc 2.4: .\" As at glibc 2.4:
use of use of
.BR mmap (2) .BR mmap (2)
is only attempted for a file opened for reading. is attempted only for a file opened for reading.
.TP .TP
.B x .B x
.\" Since glibc 2.0? .\" Since glibc 2.0?

View File

@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ is available since glibc 2.6, and is implemented using the
system call, which is supported since kernel 2.6.22. system call, which is supported since kernel 2.6.22.
.SH CONFORMING TO .SH CONFORMING TO
These functions are not specified in any standard. These functions are not specified in any standard.
Other than Linux, they are only available on the BSDs. Other than Linux, they are available only on the BSDs.
.SH SEE ALSO .SH SEE ALSO
.BR utime (2), .BR utime (2),
.BR utimensat (2), .BR utimensat (2),

View File

@ -378,8 +378,8 @@ includes the
flag, then IPv4 addresses are returned in the list pointed to by flag, then IPv4 addresses are returned in the list pointed to by
.I res .I res
only if the local system has at least one only if the local system has at least one
IPv4 address configured, and IPv6 addresses are only returned IPv4 address configured, and IPv6 addresses are returned
if the local system has at least one IPv6 address configured. only if the local system has at least one IPv6 address configured.
The loopback address is not considered for this case as valid The loopback address is not considered for this case as valid
as a configured address. as a configured address.
.PP .PP
@ -542,7 +542,7 @@ The requested service is not available for the requested socket type.
It may be available through another socket type. It may be available through another socket type.
For example, this error could occur if For example, this error could occur if
.I service .I service
was "shell" (a service only available on stream sockets), and either was "shell" (a service available only on stream sockets), and either
.I hints.ai_protocol .I hints.ai_protocol
was was
.BR IPPROTO_UDP , .BR IPPROTO_UDP ,

View File

@ -163,9 +163,9 @@ or
The The
.BR getifaddrs () .BR getifaddrs ()
function first appeared in glibc 2.3, but before glibc 2.3.3, function first appeared in glibc 2.3, but before glibc 2.3.3,
the implementation only supported IPv4 addresses; the implementation supported only IPv4 addresses;
IPv6 support was added in glibc 2.3.3. IPv6 support was added in glibc 2.3.3.
Support of address families other than IPv4 is only available Support of address families other than IPv4 is available only
on kernels that support netlink. on kernels that support netlink.
.SH CONFORMING TO .SH CONFORMING TO
Not in POSIX.1-2001. Not in POSIX.1-2001.

View File

@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ These functions replace the
.BR gethostbyname (3) .BR gethostbyname (3)
and and
.BR gethostbyaddr (3) .BR gethostbyaddr (3)
functions, which could only access the IPv4 network address family. functions, which could access only the IPv4 network address family.
The The
.BR getipnodebyname () .BR getipnodebyname ()
and and

View File

@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ and
.I key .I key
was not found in the table. was not found in the table.
.PP .PP
POSIX.1-2001 only specifies the POSIX.1-2001 specifies only the
.B ENOMEM .B ENOMEM
error. error.
.SH CONFORMING TO .SH CONFORMING TO

View File

@ -98,8 +98,8 @@ or
The The
.BR if_nameindex () .BR if_nameindex ()
function first appeared in glibc 2.1, but before glibc 2.3.4, function first appeared in glibc 2.1, but before glibc 2.3.4,
the implementation only supported interfaces with IPv4 addresses. the implementation supported only interfaces with IPv4 addresses.
Support of interfaces that don't have IPv4 addresses is only available Support of interfaces that don't have IPv4 addresses is available only
on kernels that support netlink. on kernels that support netlink.
.SH CONFORMING TO .SH CONFORMING TO
RFC\ 3493, POSIX.1-2001. RFC\ 3493, POSIX.1-2001.

View File

@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ and
supports IPv6 addresses. supports IPv6 addresses.
On the other hand, On the other hand,
.BR inet_pton () .BR inet_pton ()
only accepts IPv4 addresses in dotted-decimal notation, whereas accepts only IPv4 addresses in dotted-decimal notation, whereas
.BR inet_aton (3) .BR inet_aton (3)
and and
.BR inet_addr (3) .BR inet_addr (3)

View File

@ -28,8 +28,7 @@ If \fIs\fP is not a NULL pointer, the
function inspects at most function inspects at most
\fIn\fP bytes of the multibyte string starting at \fIs\fP and extracts the \fIn\fP bytes of the multibyte string starting at \fIs\fP and extracts the
next complete multibyte character. next complete multibyte character.
It uses a static anonymous shift state only It uses a static anonymous shift state known only to the
known to the
.BR mblen () .BR mblen ()
function. function.
If the multibyte character is not the null wide If the multibyte character is not the null wide
@ -54,7 +53,7 @@ If \fIs\fP is a NULL pointer, the
function function
.\" The Dinkumware doc and the Single UNIX specification say this, but .\" The Dinkumware doc and the Single UNIX specification say this, but
.\" glibc doesn't implement this. .\" glibc doesn't implement this.
resets the shift state, only known to this function, to the initial state, and resets the shift state, known to only this function, to the initial state, and
returns nonzero if the encoding has nontrivial shift state, or zero if the returns nonzero if the encoding has nontrivial shift state, or zero if the
encoding is stateless. encoding is stateless.
.SH RETURN VALUE .SH RETURN VALUE

View File

@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ returns
In this case, In this case,
the effects on \fI*ps\fP are undefined. the effects on \fI*ps\fP are undefined.
.PP .PP
If \fIps\fP is a NULL pointer, a static anonymous state only known to the If \fIps\fP is a NULL pointer, a static anonymous state known only to the
.BR mbrlen () .BR mbrlen ()
function is used instead. function is used instead.
.SH RETURN VALUE .SH RETURN VALUE

View File

@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ and that no length limit exists.
.PP .PP
In both of the above cases, In both of the above cases,
if \fIps\fP is a NULL pointer, a static anonymous if \fIps\fP is a NULL pointer, a static anonymous
state only known to the state known only to the
.BR mbsrtowcs () .BR mbsrtowcs ()
function is used instead. function is used instead.
.PP .PP

View File

@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ bytes of the multibyte string starting at \fIs\fP,
extracts the next complete extracts the next complete
multibyte character, converts it to a wide character and stores it at multibyte character, converts it to a wide character and stores it at
\fI*pwc\fP. \fI*pwc\fP.
It updates an internal shift state only known to the It updates an internal shift state known only to the
.BR mbtowc () .BR mbtowc ()
function. function.
If \fIs\fP does not point to a null byte (\(aq\\0\(aq), it returns the number If \fIs\fP does not point to a null byte (\(aq\\0\(aq), it returns the number

View File

@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ This can be very slow!
The The
.BR mcheck_check_all () .BR mcheck_check_all ()
function causes an immediate check on all allocated blocks. function causes an immediate check on all allocated blocks.
This call is only effective if This call is effective only if
.BR mcheck () .BR mcheck ()
is called beforehand. is called beforehand.

View File

@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ on the
encrypted memory area. encrypted memory area.
.PP .PP
Note that this function is not a proper encryption routine as the XOR Note that this function is not a proper encryption routine as the XOR
constant is fixed, and is only suitable for hiding strings. constant is fixed, and is suitable only for hiding strings.
.SH RETURN VALUE .SH RETURN VALUE
The The
.BR memfrob () .BR memfrob ()

View File

@ -106,11 +106,11 @@ notifications for this message queue, then the registration is removed;
another process can then register to receive a message notification another process can then register to receive a message notification
for this queue. for this queue.
Message notification only occurs when a new message arrives and Message notification occurs only when a new message arrives and
the queue was previously empty. the queue was previously empty.
If the queue was not empty at the time If the queue was not empty at the time
.BR mq_notify () .BR mq_notify ()
was called, then a notification will only occur after was called, then a notification will occur only after
the queue is emptied and a new message arrives. the queue is emptied and a new message arrives.
If another process or thread is waiting to read a message If another process or thread is waiting to read a message

View File

@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ They are similar in spirit to the macros defined in
.BR cmsg (3) .BR cmsg (3)
for auxiliary data. for auxiliary data.
The buffer passed to and from a netlink socket should The buffer passed to and from a netlink socket should
only be accessed using these macros. be accessed using only these macros.
.TP .TP
.BR NLMSG_ALIGN () .BR NLMSG_ALIGN ()
Round the length of a netlink message up to align it properly. Round the length of a netlink message up to align it properly.

View File

@ -243,9 +243,9 @@ Some systems provide no way to reclaim memory allocated with
.BR memalign () .BR memalign ()
or or
.BR valloc () .BR valloc ()
(because one can only pass to (because one can pass to
.BR free (3) .BR free (3)
a pointer obtained from only a pointer obtained from
.BR malloc (3), .BR malloc (3),
while, for example, while, for example,
.BR memalign () .BR memalign ()
@ -265,8 +265,8 @@ reclaimed with
The glibc The glibc
.BR malloc (3) .BR malloc (3)
always returns 8-byte aligned memory addresses, so these functions are only always returns 8-byte aligned memory addresses, so these functions are
needed if you require larger alignment values. needed only if you require larger alignment values.
.SH SEE ALSO .SH SEE ALSO
.BR brk (2), .BR brk (2),
.BR getpagesize (2), .BR getpagesize (2),

View File

@ -546,7 +546,7 @@ A following integer conversion corresponds to a
.I ptrdiff_t .I ptrdiff_t
argument. argument.
.PP .PP
The SUSv2 only knows about the length modifiers The SUSv2 knows about only the length modifiers
.B h .B h
(in (in
.BR hd , .BR hd ,

View File

@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ were created with the
.B PTHREAD_SCOPE_SYSTEM .B PTHREAD_SCOPE_SYSTEM
contention scope. contention scope.
.PP .PP
POSIX.1-2001 only requires that an implementation support one of these POSIX.1-2001 requires that an implementation support only one of these
contention scopes, but permits both to be supported. contention scopes, but permits both to be supported.
Linux supports Linux supports
.BR PTHREAD_SCOPE_SYSTEM , .BR PTHREAD_SCOPE_SYSTEM ,

View File

@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ containing \(aq\fB{\fP\(aq and \(aq\fB}\fP\(aq, respectively.
For this reason, the caller must ensure that calls to these For this reason, the caller must ensure that calls to these
functions are paired within the same function, functions are paired within the same function,
and at the same lexical nesting level. and at the same lexical nesting level.
(In other words, a clean-up handler is only established (In other words, a clean-up handler is established only
during the execution of a specified section of code.) during the execution of a specified section of code.)
Calling Calling
@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ and
functions \fIare\fP implemented as macros that expand to text functions \fIare\fP implemented as macros that expand to text
containing \(aq\fB{\fP\(aq and \(aq\fB}\fP\(aq, respectively. containing \(aq\fB{\fP\(aq and \(aq\fB}\fP\(aq, respectively.
This means that variables declared within the scope of This means that variables declared within the scope of
paired calls to these functions will only be visible within that scope. paired calls to these functions will be visible within only that scope.
POSIX.1 POSIX.1
.\" The text was actually added in the 2004 TC2 .\" The text was actually added in the 2004 TC2

View File

@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ pthread_kill_other_threads_np \- terminate all other threads in process
.fi .fi
.SH DESCRIPTION .SH DESCRIPTION
.BR pthread_kill_other_threads_np () .BR pthread_kill_other_threads_np ()
only has an effect in the LinuxThreads threading implementation. has an effect only in the LinuxThreads threading implementation.
On that implementation, On that implementation,
calling this function causes the immediate termination of calling this function causes the immediate termination of
all threads in the application, all threads in the application,

View File

@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ Thread identifiers should be considered opaque:
any attempt to use a thread ID other than in pthreads calls any attempt to use a thread ID other than in pthreads calls
is nonportable and can lead to unspecified results. is nonportable and can lead to unspecified results.
Thread IDs are only guaranteed to be unique within a process. Thread IDs are guaranteed to be unique only within a process.
A thread ID may be reused after a terminated thread has been joined, A thread ID may be reused after a terminated thread has been joined,
or a detached thread has terminated. or a detached thread has terminated.

View File

@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ if cancellation occurs in the middle of the function call.
Consequently, clean-up handlers cease to be useful. Consequently, clean-up handlers cease to be useful.
Functions that can be safely asynchronously canceled are called Functions that can be safely asynchronously canceled are called
.IR "async-cancel-safe functions" . .IR "async-cancel-safe functions" .
POSIX.1-2001 only requires that POSIX.1-2001 requires only that
.BR pthread_cancel (3), .BR pthread_cancel (3),
.BR pthread_setcancelstate (), .BR pthread_setcancelstate (),
and and

View File

@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ The
function informs the implementation of the application's function informs the implementation of the application's
desired concurrency level, specified in desired concurrency level, specified in
.IR new_level . .IR new_level .
The implementation only takes this as a hint: The implementation takes this only as a hint:
POSIX.1 does not specify the level of concurrency that POSIX.1 does not specify the level of concurrency that
should be provided as a result of calling should be provided as a result of calling
.BR pthread_setconcurrency (). .BR pthread_setconcurrency ().
@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ POSIX.1-2001.
.SH NOTES .SH NOTES
The default concurrency level is 0. The default concurrency level is 0.
Concurrency levels are only meaningful for M:N threading implementations, Concurrency levels are meaningful only for M:N threading implementations,
where at any moment a subset of a process's set of user-level threads where at any moment a subset of a process's set of user-level threads
may be bound to a smaller number of kernel-scheduling entities. may be bound to a smaller number of kernel-scheduling entities.
Setting the concurrency level allows the application to Setting the concurrency level allows the application to

View File

@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ pthread_kill(pthread_self(), sig);
.PP .PP
If the signal causes a handler to be called, If the signal causes a handler to be called,
.BR raise () .BR raise ()
will only return after the signal handler has returned. will return only after the signal handler has returned.
.SH RETURN VALUE .SH RETURN VALUE
.BR raise () .BR raise ()
returns 0 on success, and nonzero for failure. returns 0 on success, and nonzero for failure.

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