Manual fixes of parentheses formatting

This commit is contained in:
Michael Kerrisk 2005-10-19 08:35:30 +00:00
parent e1d6264d9f
commit 3382bd94ff
74 changed files with 110 additions and 110 deletions

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@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ Do not expect access in the near future.
so the kernel can free resources associated with it.)
Subsequent accesses of pages in this range will succeed, but will result
either in re-loading of the memory contents from the underlying mapped file
(see \fBmmap\fP) or zero-fill-on-demand pages for mappings
(see \fBmmap\fP()) or zero-fill-on-demand pages for mappings
without an underlying file.
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
On success

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@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ discarded instead.
Pages that have not yet been written out will be unaffected, so if the
application wishes to guarantee that pages will be released, it should
call \fBfsync\fP or \fBfdatasync\fP first.
call \fBfsync\fP() or \fBfdatasync\fP() first.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
SUSv3 (Advanced Realtime Option), POSIX 1003.1-2003.
Note that the type of the

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@ -95,8 +95,8 @@ control over the way in which runnable processes are selected for
execution. Processes scheduled with \fISCHED_OTHER\fP must be assigned
the static priority 0, processes scheduled under \fISCHED_FIFO\fP or
\fISCHED_RR\fP can have a static priority in the range 1 to 99.
The system calls \fBsched_get_priority_min\fP and
\fBsched_get_priority_max\fP can be used to find out the valid
The system calls \fBsched_get_priority_min\fP() and
\fBsched_get_priority_max\fP() can be used to find out the valid
priority range for a scheduling policy in a portable way on all
POSIX.1b conforming systems.
@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ higher priority will stay at the head of the list for its priority and
will resume execution as soon as all processes of higher priority are
blocked again. When a \fISCHED_FIFO\fP process becomes runnable, it
will be inserted at the end of the list for its priority. A call to
\fBsched_setscheduler\fP() or \fBsched_setparam\fP will put the
\fBsched_setscheduler\fP() or \fBsched_setparam\fP() will put the
\fISCHED_FIFO\fP (or \fISCHED_RR\fP) process identified by
\fIpid\fP at the start of the list if it was runnable.
As a consequence, it may preempt the currently running process if
@ -127,12 +127,12 @@ it has the same priority.
of the list.)
.\" In 2.2.x and 2.4.x, the process is placed at the front of the queue
.\" In 2.0.x, the Right Thing happened: the process went to the back -- MTK
A process calling \fBsched_yield\fP will be
A process calling \fBsched_yield\fP() will be
put at the end of the list. No other events will move a process
scheduled under the \fISCHED_FIFO\fP policy in the wait list of
runnable processes with equal static priority. A \fISCHED_FIFO\fP
process runs until either it is blocked by an I/O request, it is
preempted by a higher priority process, or it calls \fBsched_yield\fP.
preempted by a higher priority process, or it calls \fBsched_yield\fP().
.SS SCHED_RR: Round Robin scheduling
\fISCHED_RR\fP is a simple enhancement of \fISCHED_FIFO\fP. Everything
@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ end of the list for its priority. A \fISCHED_RR\fP process that has
been preempted by a higher priority process and subsequently resumes
execution as a running process will complete the unexpired portion of
its round robin time quantum. The length of the time quantum can be
retrieved by \fBsched_rr_get_interval\fP.
retrieved by \fBsched_rr_get_interval\fP().
.\" On Linux 2.4, the length of the RR interval is influenced
.\" by the process nice value -- MTK
@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ intended for all processes that do not require special static priority
real-time mechanisms. The process to run is chosen from the static
priority 0 list based on a dynamic priority that is determined only
inside this list. The dynamic priority is based on the nice level (set
by the \fBnice\fP or \fBsetpriority\fP system call) and increased for
by the \fBnice\fP() or \fBsetpriority\fP() system call) and increased for
each time quantum the process is ready to run, but denied to run by
the scheduler. This ensures fair progress among all \fISCHED_OTHER\fP
processes.

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@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ select, pselect, FD_CLR, FD_ISSET, FD_SET, FD_ZERO \- synchronous I/O multiplexi
.fi
.SH DESCRIPTION
\fBselect\fP() (or \fBpselect\fP) is the pivot function of most C programs that
\fBselect\fP() (or \fBpselect\fP()) is the pivot function of most C programs that
handle more than one simultaneous file descriptor (or socket handle) in an efficient
manner. Its principal arguments are three arrays of file descriptors:
\fIreadfds\fP, \fIwritefds\fP, and \fIexceptfds\fP. The way that
@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ is data sent on a socket using the \fBMSG_OOB\fP flag, and hence
\fIexceptfds\fP will be cleared of all file descriptors except for those
descriptors that are available for reading OOB data. You can only ever
read one byte of OOB data though (which is done with \fBrecv\fP()), and
writing OOB data (done with \fBsend\fP) can be done at any time and will
writing OOB data (done with \fBsend\fP()) can be done at any time and will
not block. Hence there is no need for a fourth set to check if a socket
is available for writing OOB data.
.TP
@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ entry and exit to the function. It will then behave just like \fBselect\fP().
data from a file descriptor. Programs that receive signals as events
normally use the signal handler only to raise a global flag. The global
flag will indicate that the event must be processed in the main loop of
the program. A signal will cause the \fBselect\fP() (or \fBpselect\fP)
the program. A signal will cause the \fBselect\fP() (or \fBpselect\fP())
call to return with \fBerrno\fP set to \fBEINTR\fP. This behavior is
essential so that signals can be processed in the main loop of the
program, otherwise \fBselect\fP() would block indefinitely. Now, somewhere
@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ condition is solved by the \fBpselect\fP() call. This call can be used to
mask out signals that are not to be received except within the
\fBpselect\fP() call. For instance, let us say that the event in question
was the exit of a child process. Before the start of the main loop, we
would block \fBSIGCHLD\fP using \fBsigprocmask\fP. Our \fBpselect\fP()
would block \fBSIGCHLD\fP using \fBsigprocmask\fP(). Our \fBpselect\fP()
call would enable \fBSIGCHLD\fP by using the virgin signal mask. Our
program would look like:
.PP
@ -211,7 +211,7 @@ Note that the above \fBpselect\fP() call can be replaced with:
.fi
.PP
but then there is still the possibility that a signal
could arrive after the first \fBsigprocmask\fP and before
could arrive after the first \fBsigprocmask\fP() and before
the \fBselect\fP(). If you do do this, it is prudent to
at least put a finite timeout so that the process does
not block. At present glibc probably works this way.
@ -223,14 +223,14 @@ moot point.
.SH PRACTICAL
So what is the point of \fBselect\fP? Can't I just read and write to my
So what is the point of \fBselect\fP()? Can't I just read and write to my
descriptors whenever I want? The point of select is that it watches
multiple descriptors at the same time and properly puts the process to
sleep if there is no activity. It does this while enabling you to handle
multiple simultaneous pipes and sockets. Unix programmers often find
themselves in a position where they have to handle IO from more than one
file descriptor where the data flow may be intermittent. If you were to
merely create a sequence of \fBread\fP and \fBwrite\fP calls, you would
merely create a sequence of \fBread\fP() and \fBwrite\fP() calls, you would
find that one of your calls may block waiting for data from/to a file
descriptor, while another file descriptor is unused though available
for data. \fBselect\fP() efficiently copes with this situation.
@ -658,7 +658,7 @@ way to sleep the process with sub-second precision by using the timeout.
.SH USLEEP EMULATION
On systems that do not have a \fBusleep\fP function, you can call
On systems that do not have a \fBusleep\fP() function, you can call
\fBselect\fP() with a finite timeout and no file descriptors as
follows:
.PP
@ -690,7 +690,7 @@ the timeout struct contents are undefined and should not be used.
\fBEBADF\fP
A set contained an invalid file descriptor. This error often occurs when
you add a file descriptor to a set that you have already issued a
\fBclose\fP on, or when that file descriptor has experienced some kind
\fBclose\fP() on, or when that file descriptor has experienced some kind
of error. Hence you should cease adding to sets any file descriptor that
returns an error on reading or writing.
.TP

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@ -134,13 +134,13 @@ always returns the current process group.
.B EACCES
An attempt was made to change the process group ID
of one of the children of the calling process and the child had
already performed an \fBexecve\fP
(\fBsetpgid\fP(), \fBsetpgrp\fP).
already performed an \fBexecve\fP()
(\fBsetpgid\fP(), \fBsetpgrp\fP()).
.TP
.B EINVAL
.I pgid
is less than 0
(\fBsetpgid\fP(), \fBsetpgrp\fP).
(\fBsetpgid\fP(), \fBsetpgrp\fP()).
.TP
.B EPERM
An attempt was made to move a process into a process group in a
@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ different session, or to change the process
group ID of one of the children of the calling process and the
child was in a different session, or to change the process group ID of
a session leader
(\fBsetpgid\fP(), \fBsetpgrp\fP).
(\fBsetpgid\fP(), \fBsetpgrp\fP()).
.TP
.B ESRCH
For

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@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ Use \fBsigaltstack\fP() to inform the system of the existence and
location of the alternate signal stack.
.TP
3.
When establishing a signal handler using \fBsigaction\fP,
When establishing a signal handler using \fBsigaction\fP(),
inform the system that the signal handler should be executed
on the alternate signal stack by
specifying the \fBSA_ONSTACK\fP flag.
@ -158,12 +158,12 @@ automatically extend the alternate signal stack.
Exceeding the allocated size of the alternate signal stack will
lead to unpredictable results.
.P
A successful call to \fBexecve\fP removes any existing alternate
A successful call to \fBexecve\fP() removes any existing alternate
signal stack.
.P
\fBsigaltstack\fP() supersedes the older \fBsigstack\fP call.
For backwards compatibility, glibc also provides \fBsigstack\fP.
All new applications should be written using \fBsigaltstack\fB.
\fBsigaltstack\fP() supersedes the older \fBsigstack\fP() call.
For backwards compatibility, glibc also provides \fBsigstack\fP().
All new applications should be written using \fBsigaltstack\fB().
.SH HISTORY
4.2BSD had a \fIsigstack\fP() system call. It used a slightly
different struct, and had as major disadvantage that the caller

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@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ The \fBtkill\fP() system call is analogous to
except when the specified process is part of a thread group
(created by specifying the CLONE_THREAD flag in the call to clone).
Since all the processes in a thread group have the same PID,
they cannot be individually signalled with \fBkill\fP.
they cannot be individually signalled with \fBkill\fP().
With \fBtkill\fP(), however, one can address each process
by its unique TID.
.PP

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@ -39,4 +39,4 @@ current locale.
.PP
This function should never be used. It does not work for encodings which have
state, and unnecessarily treats single bytes differently from multibyte
sequences. Use the function \fBmbtowc\fP instead.
sequences. Use the function \fBmbtowc\fP() instead.

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@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ fgetwc, getwc \- read a wide character from a FILE stream
.BI "wint_t getwc(FILE *" stream );
.fi
.SH DESCRIPTION
The \fBfgetwc\fP() function is the wide-character equivalent of the \fBfgetc\fP
The \fBfgetwc\fP() function is the wide-character equivalent of the \fBfgetc\fP()
function. It reads a wide character from \fIstream\fP and returns it. If
the end of stream is reached, or if \fIferror(stream)\fP becomes true,
it returns WEOF. If a wide character conversion error occurs, it sets

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@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ fgetws \- read a wide character string from a FILE stream
.BI "wchar_t *fgetws(wchar_t *" ws ", int " n ", FILE *" stream );
.fi
.SH DESCRIPTION
The \fBfgetws\fP() function is the wide-character equivalent of the \fBfgets\fP
The \fBfgetws\fP() function is the wide-character equivalent of the \fBfgets\fP()
function. It reads a string of at most \fIn-1\fP wide characters into the
wide-character array pointed to by \fIws\fP, and adds a terminating L'\\0'
character. It stops reading wide characters after it has encountered and

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@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ fputwc \- write a wide character to a FILE stream
.BI "wint_t putwc(wchar_t " wc ", FILE *" stream );
.fi
.SH DESCRIPTION
The \fBfputwc\fP() function is the wide-character equivalent of the \fBfputc\fP
The \fBfputwc\fP() function is the wide-character equivalent of the \fBfputc\fP()
function. It writes the wide character \fIwc\fP to \fIstream\fP. If
\fIferror(stream)\fP becomes true, it returns WEOF. If a wide character
conversion error occurs, it sets \fBerrno\fP to \fBEILSEQ\fP and returns WEOF.

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@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ fputws \- write a wide character string to a FILE stream
.BI "int fputws(const wchar_t *" ws ", FILE *" stream );
.fi
.SH DESCRIPTION
The \fBfputws\fP() function is the wide-character equivalent of the \fBfputs\fP
The \fBfputws\fP() function is the wide-character equivalent of the \fBfputs\fP()
function. It writes the wide character string starting at \fIws\fP, up to but
not including the terminating L'\\0' character, to \fIstream\fP.
.PP

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@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ ISO/ANSI C, UNIX98
.BR fwprintf (3)
.SH NOTES
Wide-character output to a byte oriented stream can be performed through the
\fBfprintf\fP function with the %lc and %ls directives.
\fBfprintf\fP() function with the %lc and %ls directives.
.PP
Char oriented output to a wide-character oriented stream can be performed
through the \fBfwprintf\fP function with the %c and %s directives.
through the \fBfwprintf\fP() function with the %c and %s directives.

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@ -63,8 +63,8 @@ long an array you might need to store a user name. \fBL_cuserid\fP is
declared in \fBstdio.h\fP.
.PP
These functions let your program identify positively the user who is
running (\fBcuserid\fP) or the user who logged in this session
(\fBgetlogin\fP). (These can differ when set-user-ID programs are
running (\fBcuserid\fP()) or the user who logged in this session
(\fBgetlogin\fP()). (These can differ when set-user-ID programs are
involved.)
.PP
For most purposes, it is more useful to use the environment variable
@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ POSIX.1. System V has a \fBcuserid\fP() function which uses the real
user ID rather than the effective user ID. The \fBcuserid\fP() function
was included in the 1988 version of POSIX, but removed from the 1990 version.
.LP
OpenBSD has \fBgetlogin\fP() and \fBsetlogin\fP, and a username
OpenBSD has \fBgetlogin\fP() and \fBsetlogin\fP(), and a username
associated with a session, even if it has no controlling tty.
.SH BUGS
Unfortunately, it is often rather easy to fool getlogin().

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@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ getwchar \- read a wide character from standard input
.fi
.SH DESCRIPTION
The \fBgetwchar\fP() function is the wide-character equivalent of the
\fBgetchar\fP function. It reads a wide character from \fBstdin\fP and returns
\fBgetchar\fP() function. It reads a wide character from \fBstdin\fP and returns
it. If the end of stream is reached, or if \fIferror(stdin)\fP becomes
true, it returns WEOF. If a wide character conversion error occurs, it sets
\fBerrno\fP to \fBEILSEQ\fP and returns WEOF.

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@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ iconv \- perform character set conversion
.fi
.SH DESCRIPTION
The argument \fIcd\fP must be a conversion descriptor created using the
function \fBiconv_open\fP.
function \fBiconv_open\fP().
.PP
The main case is when \fIinbuf\fP is not NULL and \fI*inbuf\fP is not NULL.
In this case, the \fBiconv\fP() function converts the multibyte sequence

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@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ iconv_close \- deallocate descriptor for character set conversion
.fi
.SH DESCRIPTION
The \fBiconv_close\fP() function deallocates a conversion descriptor \fIcd\fP
previously allocated using \fBiconv_open\fP.
previously allocated using \fBiconv_open\fP().
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
When successful, the \fBiconv_close\fP() function returns 0.
In case of error, it sets

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@ -28,14 +28,14 @@ combinations are system dependent. For the GNU C library, the permitted
values are listed by the \fBiconv \-\-list\fP command, and all combinations
of the listed values are supported.
.PP
The resulting conversion descriptor can be used with \fBiconv\fP any number
of times. It remains valid until deallocated using \fBiconv_close\fP.
The resulting conversion descriptor can be used with \fBiconv\fP() any number
of times. It remains valid until deallocated using \fBiconv_close\fP().
.PP
A conversion descriptor contains a conversion state. After creation using
\fBiconv_open\fP(), the state is in the initial state. Using \fBiconv\fP
\fBiconv_open\fP(), the state is in the initial state. Using \fBiconv\fP()
modifies the descriptor's conversion state. (This implies that a conversion
descriptor can not be used in multiple threads simultaneously.) To bring the
state back to the initial state, use \fBiconv\fP with NULL as \fIinbuf\fP
state back to the initial state, use \fBiconv\fP() with NULL as \fIinbuf\fP
argument.
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
The \fBiconv_open\fP() function returns a freshly allocated conversion

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@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ iswalnum \- test for alphanumeric wide character
.fi
.SH DESCRIPTION
The \fBiswalnum\fP() function is the wide-character equivalent of the
\fBisalnum\fP function. It tests whether \fIwc\fP is a wide character
\fBisalnum\fP() function. It tests whether \fIwc\fP is a wide character
belonging to the wide character class "alnum".
.PP
The wide character class "alnum" is a subclass of the wide character class

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@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ iswalpha \- test for alphabetic wide character
.fi
.SH DESCRIPTION
The \fBiswalpha\fP() function is the wide-character equivalent of the
\fBisalpha\fP function. It tests whether \fIwc\fP is a wide character
\fBisalpha\fP() function. It tests whether \fIwc\fP is a wide character
belonging to the wide character class "alpha".
.PP
The wide character class "alpha" is a subclass of the wide character class

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@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ iswblank \- test for whitespace wide character
.fi
.SH DESCRIPTION
The \fBiswblank\fP() function is the wide-character equivalent of the
\fBisblank\fP function. It tests whether \fIwc\fP is a wide character
\fBisblank\fP() function. It tests whether \fIwc\fP is a wide character
belonging to the wide character class "blank".
.PP
The wide character class "blank" is a subclass of the wide character class

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@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ iswcntrl \- test for control wide character
.fi
.SH DESCRIPTION
The \fBiswcntrl\fP() function is the wide-character equivalent of the
\fBiscntrl\fP function. It tests whether \fIwc\fP is a wide character
\fBiscntrl\fP() function. It tests whether \fIwc\fP is a wide character
belonging to the wide character class "cntrl".
.PP
The wide character class "cntrl" is disjoint from the wide character class

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@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ iswdigit \- test for decimal digit wide character
.fi
.SH DESCRIPTION
The \fBiswdigit\fP() function is the wide-character equivalent of the
\fBisdigit\fP function. It tests whether \fIwc\fP is a wide character
\fBisdigit\fP() function. It tests whether \fIwc\fP is a wide character
belonging to the wide character class "digit".
.PP
The wide character class "digit" is a subclass of the wide character class

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@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ iswgraph \- test for graphic wide character
.fi
.SH DESCRIPTION
The \fBiswgraph\fP() function is the wide-character equivalent of the
\fBisgraph\fP function. It tests whether \fIwc\fP is a wide character
\fBisgraph\fP() function. It tests whether \fIwc\fP is a wide character
belonging to the wide character class "graph".
.PP
The wide character class "graph" is a subclass of the wide character class

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@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ iswlower \- test for lowercase wide character
.fi
.SH DESCRIPTION
The \fBiswlower\fP() function is the wide-character equivalent of the
\fBislower\fP function. It tests whether \fIwc\fP is a wide character
\fBislower\fP() function. It tests whether \fIwc\fP is a wide character
belonging to the wide character class "lower".
.PP
The wide character class "lower" is a subclass of the wide character class

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@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ iswprint \- test for printing wide character
.fi
.SH DESCRIPTION
The \fBiswprint\fP() function is the wide-character equivalent of the
\fBisprint\fP function. It tests whether \fIwc\fP is a wide character
\fBisprint\fP() function. It tests whether \fIwc\fP is a wide character
belonging to the wide character class "print".
.PP
The wide character class "print" is disjoint from the wide character class

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@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ iswpunct \- test for punctuation or symbolic wide character
.fi
.SH DESCRIPTION
The \fBiswpunct\fP() function is the wide-character equivalent of the
\fBispunct\fP function. It tests whether \fIwc\fP is a wide character
\fBispunct\fP() function. It tests whether \fIwc\fP is a wide character
belonging to the wide character class "punct".
.PP
The wide character class "punct" is a subclass of the wide character class

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@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ iswspace \- test for whitespace wide character
.fi
.SH DESCRIPTION
The \fBiswspace\fP() function is the wide-character equivalent of the
\fBisspace\fP function. It tests whether \fIwc\fP is a wide character
\fBisspace\fP() function. It tests whether \fIwc\fP is a wide character
belonging to the wide character class "space".
.PP
The wide character class "space" is disjoint from the wide character class

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@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ iswupper \- test for uppercase wide character
.fi
.SH DESCRIPTION
The \fBiswupper\fP() function is the wide-character equivalent of the
\fBisupper\fP function. It tests whether \fIwc\fP is a wide character
\fBisupper\fP() function. It tests whether \fIwc\fP is a wide character
belonging to the wide character class "upper".
.PP
The wide character class "upper" is a subclass of the wide character class

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@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ iswxdigit \- test for hexadecimal digit wide character
.fi
.SH DESCRIPTION
The \fBiswxdigit\fP() function is the wide-character equivalent of the
\fBisxdigit\fP function. It tests whether \fIwc\fP is a wide character
\fBisxdigit\fP() function. It tests whether \fIwc\fP is a wide character
belonging to the wide character class "xdigit".
.PP
The wide character class "xdigit" is a subclass of the wide character class

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@ -56,5 +56,5 @@ ISO/ANSI C, UNIX98
The behaviour of \fBmblen\fP() depends on the LC_CTYPE category of the
current locale.
.PP
The function \fBmbrlen\fP provides a better interface to the same
The function \fBmbrlen\fP() provides a better interface to the same
functionality.

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@ -30,15 +30,15 @@ state is needed for the sake of encodings such as ISO-2022 and UTF-7.
.PP
The initial state is the state at the beginning of conversion of a string.
There are two kinds of state: The one used by multibyte to wide character
conversion functions, such as \fBmbsrtowcs\fP, and the one used by wide
character to multibyte conversion functions, such as \fBwcsrtombs\fP,
conversion functions, such as \fBmbsrtowcs\fP(), and the one used by wide
character to multibyte conversion functions, such as \fBwcsrtombs\fP(),
but they both fit in a \fBmbstate_t\fP, and they both have the same
representation for an initial state.
.PP
For 8-bit encodings, all states are equivalent to the initial state.
For multibyte encodings like UTF-8, EUC-*, BIG5 or SJIS, the wide character
to multibyte conversion functions never produce non-initial states, but the
multibyte to wide character conversion functions like \fBmbrtowc\fP do
multibyte to wide character conversion functions like \fBmbrtowc\fP() do
produce non-initial states when interrupted in the middle of a character.
.PP
One possible way to create an mbstate_t in initial state is to set it to zero:

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@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ mbsnrtowcs \- convert a multibyte string to a wide character string
.BI " size_t " nms ", size_t " len ", mbstate_t *" ps );
.fi
.SH DESCRIPTION
The \fBmbsnrtowcs\fP() function is like the \fBmbsrtowcs\fP function, except that
The \fBmbsnrtowcs\fP() function is like the \fBmbsrtowcs\fP() function, except that
the number of bytes to be converted, starting at \fI*src\fP, is limited to
\fInms\fP.
.PP

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@ -59,5 +59,5 @@ ISO/ANSI C, UNIX98
The behaviour of \fBmbstowcs\fP() depends on the LC_CTYPE category of the
current locale.
.PP
The function \fBmbsrtowcs\fP provides a better interface to the same
The function \fBmbsrtowcs\fP() provides a better interface to the same
functionality.

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@ -62,5 +62,5 @@ ISO/ANSI C, UNIX98
The behaviour of \fBmbtowc\fP() depends on the LC_CTYPE category of the
current locale.
.PP
This function is not multi-thread safe. The function \fBmbrtowc\fP provides
This function is not multi-thread safe. The function \fBmbrtowc\fP() provides
a better interface to the same functionality.

View File

@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ FIFO for writing, and vice versa. See
.BR fifo (4)
for non-blocking handling of FIFO special files.
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
The normal, successful return value from \fImkfifo\fP is \fB0\fP. In
The normal, successful return value from \fImkfifo\fP() is \fB0\fP. In
the case of an error, \fB-1\fP is returned (in which case, \fIerrno\fP
is set appropriately).
.SH ERRORS

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@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ If no locale has been selected for the appropriate category,
If \fIitem\fP is not valid, a pointer to an empty string is returned.
.PP
This pointer may point to static data that may be overwritten on the
next call to \fBnl_langinfo\fP() or \fBsetlocale\fP.
next call to \fBnl_langinfo\fP() or \fBsetlocale\fP().
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
The Single UNIX\*R Specification, Version 2
.SH "SEE ALSO"

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@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ putwchar \- write a wide character to standard output
.fi
.SH DESCRIPTION
The \fBputwchar\fP() function is the wide-character equivalent of the
\fBputchar\fP function. It writes the wide character \fIwc\fP to \fBstdout\fP.
\fBputchar\fP() function. It writes the wide character \fIwc\fP to \fBstdout\fP.
If \fIferror(stdout)\fP becomes true, it returns WEOF. If a wide character
conversion error occurs, it sets \fBerrno\fP to \fBEILSEQ\fP and returns WEOF.
Otherwise it returns \fIwc\fP.

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@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ If \fIwc\fP is a wide character, the \fBtowctrans\fP() function translates it
according to the transliteration descriptor \fIdesc\fP. If \fIwc\fP is WEOF,
WEOF is returned.
.PP
\fIdesc\fP must be a transliteration descriptor returned by the \fBwctrans\fP
\fIdesc\fP must be a transliteration descriptor returned by the \fBwctrans\fP()
function.
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
The \fBtowctrans\fP() function returns the translated wide character, or WEOF if

View File

@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ towlower \- convert a wide character to lowercase
.fi
.SH DESCRIPTION
The \fBtowlower\fP() function is the wide-character equivalent of the
\fBtolower\fP function. If \fIwc\fP is a wide character, it is converted to
\fBtolower\fP() function. If \fIwc\fP is a wide character, it is converted to
lowercase. Characters which do not have case are returned unchanged.
If \fIwc\fP is WEOF, WEOF is returned.
.SH "RETURN VALUE"

View File

@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ towupper \- convert a wide character to uppercase
.fi
.SH DESCRIPTION
The \fBtowupper\fP() function is the wide-character equivalent of the
\fBtoupper\fP function. If \fIwc\fP is a wide character, it is converted to
\fBtoupper\fP() function. If \fIwc\fP is a wide character, it is converted to
uppercase. Characters which do not have case are returned unchanged.
If \fIwc\fP is WEOF, WEOF is returned.
.SH "RETURN VALUE"

View File

@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ ungetwc \- push back a wide character onto a FILE stream
.BI "wint_t ungetwc(wint_t " wc ", FILE *" stream );
.fi
.SH DESCRIPTION
The \fBungetwc\fP() function is the wide-character equivalent of the \fBungetc\fP
The \fBungetwc\fP() function is the wide-character equivalent of the \fBungetc\fP()
function. It pushes back a wide character onto \fIstream\fP and returns it.
.PP
If \fIwc\fP is WEOF, it returns WEOF. If \fIwc\fP is an invalid wide character,

View File

@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ wcpcpy \- copy a wide character string, returning a pointer to its end
.BI "wchar_t *wcpcpy(wchar_t *" dest ", const wchar_t *" src );
.fi
.SH DESCRIPTION
The \fBwcpcpy\fP() function is the wide-character equivalent of the \fBstpcpy\fP
The \fBwcpcpy\fP() function is the wide-character equivalent of the \fBstpcpy\fP()
function. It copies the wide character string pointed to by \fIsrc\fP,
including the terminating L'\\0' character, to the array pointed to by
\fIdest\fP.

View File

@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ wcpncpy \- copy a fixed-size string of wide characters, returning a pointer to i
.BI "wchar_t *wcpncpy(wchar_t *" dest ", const wchar_t *" src ", size_t " n );
.fi
.SH DESCRIPTION
The \fBwcpncpy\fP() function is the wide-character equivalent of the \fBstpncpy\fP
The \fBwcpncpy\fP() function is the wide-character equivalent of the \fBstpncpy\fP()
function. It copies at most \fIn\fP wide characters from the wide-character
string pointed to by \fIsrc\fP, including the terminating L'\\0' character,
to the array pointed to by \fIdest\fP. Exactly \fIn\fP wide characters are

View File

@ -21,9 +21,9 @@ wcscasecmp \- compare two wide-character strings, ignoring case
.fi
.SH DESCRIPTION
The \fBwcscasecmp\fP() function is the wide-character equivalent of the
\fBstrcasecmp\fP function. It compares the wide-character string pointed to
\fBstrcasecmp\fP() function. It compares the wide-character string pointed to
by \fIs1\fP and the wide-character string pointed to by \fIs2\fP, ignoring
case differences (\fBtowupper\fP, \fBtowlower\fP).
case differences (\fBtowupper\fP(), \fBtowlower\fP()).
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
The \fBwcscasecmp\fP() function returns zero if the wide-character strings at
\fIs1\fP and \fIs2\fP are equal except for case distinctions. It returns a

View File

@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ wcscat \- concatenate two wide-character strings
.BI "wchar_t *wcscat(wchar_t *" dest ", const wchar_t *" src );
.fi
.SH DESCRIPTION
The \fBwcscat\fP() function is the wide-character equivalent of the \fBstrcat\fP
The \fBwcscat\fP() function is the wide-character equivalent of the \fBstrcat\fP()
function. It copies the wide-character string pointed to by \fIsrc\fP,
including the terminating L'\\0' character, to the end of the wide-character
string pointed to by \fIdest\fP.

View File

@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ wcschr \- search a wide character in a wide-character string
.BI "wchar_t *wcschr(const wchar_t *" wcs ", wchar_t " wc );
.fi
.SH DESCRIPTION
The \fBwcschr\fP() function is the wide-character equivalent of the \fBstrchr\fP
The \fBwcschr\fP() function is the wide-character equivalent of the \fBstrchr\fP()
function. It searches the first occurrence of \fIwc\fP in the wide-character
string pointed to by \fIwcs\fP.
.SH "RETURN VALUE"

View File

@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ wcscmp \- compare two wide-character strings
.BI "int wcscmp(const wchar_t *" s1 ", const wchar_t *" s2 );
.fi
.SH DESCRIPTION
The \fBwcscmp\fP() function is the wide-character equivalent of the \fBstrcmp\fP
The \fBwcscmp\fP() function is the wide-character equivalent of the \fBstrcmp\fP()
function. It compares the wide-character string pointed to by \fIs1\fP and the
wide-character string pointed to by \fIs2\fP.
.SH "RETURN VALUE"

View File

@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ wcscpy \- copy a wide character string
.BI "wchar_t *wcscpy(wchar_t *" dest ", const wchar_t *" src );
.fi
.SH DESCRIPTION
The \fBwcscpy\fP() function is the wide-character equivalent of the \fBstrcpy\fP
The \fBwcscpy\fP() function is the wide-character equivalent of the \fBstrcpy\fP()
function. It copies the wide character string pointed to by \fIsrc\fP,
including the terminating L'\\0' character, to the array pointed to by
\fIdest\fP.

View File

@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ wcscspn \- search a wide-character string for any of a set of wide characters
.BI "size_t wcscspn(const wchar_t *" wcs ", const wchar_t *" reject );
.fi
.SH DESCRIPTION
The \fBwcscspn\fP() function is the wide-character equivalent of the \fBstrcspn\fP
The \fBwcscspn\fP() function is the wide-character equivalent of the \fBstrcspn\fP()
function. It determines the length of the longest initial segment of \fIwcs\fP
which consists entirely of wide-characters not listed in \fIreject\fP. In
other words, it searches for the first occurrence in the wide-character

View File

@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ wcsdup \- duplicate a wide-character string
.BI "wchar_t *wcsdup(const wchar_t *" s );
.fi
.SH DESCRIPTION
The \fBwcsdup\fP() function is the wide-character equivalent of the \fBstrdup\fP
The \fBwcsdup\fP() function is the wide-character equivalent of the \fBstrdup\fP()
function. It allocates and returns a new wide-character string whose initial
contents is a duplicate of the wide-character string pointed to by \fIs\fP.
.PP

View File

@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ wcslen \- determine the length of a wide-character string
.BI "size_t wcslen(const wchar_t *" s );
.fi
.SH DESCRIPTION
The \fBwcslen\fP() function is the wide-character equivalent of the \fBstrlen\fP
The \fBwcslen\fP() function is the wide-character equivalent of the \fBstrlen\fP()
function. It determines the length of the wide-character string pointed to
by \fIs\fP, not including the terminating L'\\0' character.
.SH "RETURN VALUE"

View File

@ -21,10 +21,10 @@ wcsncasecmp \- compare two fixed-size wide-character strings, ignoring case
.fi
.SH DESCRIPTION
The \fBwcsncasecmp\fP() function is the wide-character equivalent of the
\fBstrncasecmp\fP function. It compares the wide-character string pointed to
\fBstrncasecmp\fP() function. It compares the wide-character string pointed to
by \fIs1\fP and the wide-character string pointed to by \fIs2\fP, but at most
\fIn\fP wide characters from each string, ignoring case differences
(\fBtowupper\fP, \fBtowlower\fP).
(\fBtowupper\fP(), \fBtowlower\fP()).
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
The \fBwcsncasecmp\fP() function returns zero if the wide-character strings at
\fIs1\fP and \fIs2\fP, truncated to at most length \fIn\fP, are equal except

View File

@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ wcsncat \- concatenate two wide-character strings
.BI "wchar_t *wcsncat(wchar_t *" dest ", const wchar_t *" src ", size_t " n );
.fi
.SH DESCRIPTION
The \fBwcsncat\fP() function is the wide-character equivalent of the \fBstrncat\fP
The \fBwcsncat\fP() function is the wide-character equivalent of the \fBstrncat\fP()
function. It copies at most \fIn\fP wide characters from the wide-character
string pointed to by \fIsrc\fP to the end of the wide-character string pointed
to by \fIdest\fP, and adds a terminating L'\\0' character.

View File

@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ wcsncmp \- compare two fixed-size wide-character strings
.BI "int wcsncmp(const wchar_t *" s1 ", const wchar_t *" s2 ", size_t " n );
.fi
.SH DESCRIPTION
The \fBwcsncmp\fP() function is the wide-character equivalent of the \fBstrncmp\fP
The \fBwcsncmp\fP() function is the wide-character equivalent of the \fBstrncmp\fP()
function. It compares the wide-character string pointed to by \fIs1\fP and the
wide-character string pointed to by \fIs2\fP, but at most \fIn\fP wide
characters from each string. In each string, the comparison extends only up

View File

@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ wcsncpy \- copy a fixed-size string of wide characters
.BI "wchar_t *wcsncpy(wchar_t *" dest ", const wchar_t *" src ", size_t " n );
.fi
.SH DESCRIPTION
The \fBwcsncpy\fP() function is the wide-character equivalent of the \fBstrncpy\fP
The \fBwcsncpy\fP() function is the wide-character equivalent of the \fBstrncpy\fP()
function. It copies at most \fIn\fP wide characters from the wide-character
string pointed to by \fIsrc\fP, including the terminating L'\\0' character,
to the array pointed to by \fIdest\fP. Exactly \fIn\fP wide characters are

View File

@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ wcsnlen \- determine the length of a fixed-size wide-character string
.BI "size_t wcsnlen(const wchar_t *" s ", size_t " maxlen );
.fi
.SH DESCRIPTION
The \fBwcsnlen\fP() function is the wide-character equivalent of the \fBstrnlen\fP
The \fBwcsnlen\fP() function is the wide-character equivalent of the \fBstrnlen\fP()
function. It returns the number of wide-characters in the string pointed to by
\fIs\fP, not including the terminating L'\\0' character, but at most
\fImaxlen\fP. In doing this, \fBwcsnlen\fP() looks only at the first \fImaxlen\fP

View File

@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ wcsnrtombs \- convert a wide character string to a multibyte string
.BI " size_t " len ", mbstate_t *" ps );
.fi
.SH DESCRIPTION
The \fBwcsnrtombs\fP() function is like the \fBwcsrtombs\fP function, except that
The \fBwcsnrtombs\fP() function is like the \fBwcsrtombs\fP() function, except that
the number of wide characters to be converted, starting at \fI*src\fP, is
limited to \fInwc\fP.
.PP

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@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ wcspbrk \- search a wide-character string for any of a set of wide characters
.BI "wchar_t *wcspbrk(const wchar_t *" wcs ", const wchar_t *" accept );
.fi
.SH DESCRIPTION
The \fBwcspbrk\fP() function is the wide-character equivalent of the \fBstrpbrk\fP
The \fBwcspbrk\fP() function is the wide-character equivalent of the \fBstrpbrk\fP()
function. It searches for the first occurrence in the wide-character
string pointed to by \fIwcs\fP of any of the characters in the wide-character
string pointed to by \fIaccept\fP.

View File

@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ wcsrchr \- search a wide character in a wide-character string
.BI "wchar_t *wcsrchr(const wchar_t *" wcs ", wchar_t " wc );
.fi
.SH DESCRIPTION
The \fBwcsrchr\fP() function is the wide-character equivalent of the \fBstrrchr\fP
The \fBwcsrchr\fP() function is the wide-character equivalent of the \fBstrrchr\fP()
function. It searches the last occurrence of \fIwc\fP in the wide-character
string pointed to by \fIwcs\fP.
.SH "RETURN VALUE"

View File

@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ wcsspn \- advance in a wide-character string, skipping any of a set of wide char
.BI "wcsspn(const wchar_t *" wcs ", const wchar_t *" accept );
.fi
.SH DESCRIPTION
The \fBwcsspn\fP() function is the wide-character equivalent of the \fBstrspn\fP
The \fBwcsspn\fP() function is the wide-character equivalent of the \fBstrspn\fP()
function. It determines the length of the longest initial segment of \fIwcs\fP
which consists entirely of wide-characters listed in \fIaccept\fP. In other
words, it searches for the first occurrence in the wide-character string

View File

@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ wcsstr \- locate a substring in a wide-character string
.BI "wchar_t *wcsstr(const wchar_t *" haystack ", const wchar_t *" needle );
.fi
.SH DESCRIPTION
The \fBwcsstr\fP() function is the wide-character equivalent of the \fBstrstr\fP
The \fBwcsstr\fP() function is the wide-character equivalent of the \fBstrstr\fP()
function. It searches for the first occurrence of the wide-character string
\fIneedle\fP (without its terminating L'\\0' character) as a substring in
the wide-character string \fIhaystack\fP.

View File

@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ wcstok \- split wide-character string into tokens
.BI "wchar_t *wcstok(wchar_t *" wcs ", const wchar_t *" delim ", wchar_t **" ptr );
.fi
.SH DESCRIPTION
The \fBwcstok\fP() function is the wide-character equivalent of the \fBstrtok\fP
The \fBwcstok\fP() function is the wide-character equivalent of the \fBstrtok\fP()
function, with an added argument to make it multithread-safe. It can be used
to split a wide-character string \fIwcs\fP into tokens, where a token is
defined as a substring not containing any wide-characters from \fIdelim\fP.

View File

@ -60,5 +60,5 @@ ISO/ANSI C, UNIX98
The behaviour of \fBwcstombs\fP() depends on the LC_CTYPE category of the
current locale.
.PP
The function \fBwcsrtombs\fP provides a thread safe interface to the same
The function \fBwcsrtombs\fP() provides a thread safe interface to the same
functionality.

View File

@ -41,4 +41,4 @@ current locale.
.PP
This function should never be used. Internationalized programs must never
distinguish single-byte and multi-byte characters. Use the function
\fBwctomb\fP instead.
\fBwctomb\fP() instead.

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@ -55,5 +55,5 @@ ISO/ANSI C, UNIX98
The behaviour of \fBwctomb\fP() depends on the LC_CTYPE category of the
current locale.
.PP
This function is not multi-thread safe. The function \fBwcrtomb\fP provides
This function is not multi-thread safe. The function \fBwcrtomb\fP() provides
a better interface to the same functionality.

View File

@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ wctrans \- wide character translation mapping
The \fBwctrans_t\fP type represents a mapping which can map a wide character to
another wide character. Its nature is implementation dependent, but the special
value \fI(wctrans_t)\ 0\fP denotes an invalid mapping. Nonzero \fBwctrans_t\fP
values can be passed to the \fBtowctrans\fP function to actually perform
values can be passed to the \fBtowctrans\fP() function to actually perform
the wide character mapping.
.PP
The \fBwctrans\fP() function returns a mapping, given by its name. The set of

View File

@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ The \fBwctype_t\fP type represents a property which a wide character may or
may not have. In other words, it represents a class of wide characters.
This type's nature is implementation dependent, but the special value
\fI(wctype_t)0\fP denotes an invalid property. Nonzero \fBwctype_t\fP values
can be passed to the \fBiswctype\fP function to actually test whether a given
can be passed to the \fBiswctype\fP() function to actually test whether a given
wide character has the property.
.PP
The \fBwctype\fP() function returns a property, given by its name. The set of

View File

@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ wmemchr \- search a wide character in a wide-character array
.BI "wchar_t *wmemchr(const wchar_t *" s ", wchar_t " c ", size_t " n );
.fi
.SH DESCRIPTION
The \fBwmemchr\fP() function is the wide-character equivalent of the \fBmemchr\fP
The \fBwmemchr\fP() function is the wide-character equivalent of the \fBmemchr\fP()
function. It searches the \fIn\fP wide characters starting at \fIs\fP for
the first occurrence of the wide character \fIc\fP.
.SH "RETURN VALUE"

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@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ wmemcmp \- compare two arrays of wide-characters
.BI "int wmemcmp(const wchar_t *" s1 ", const wchar_t *" s2 ", size_t " n );
.fi
.SH DESCRIPTION
The \fBwmemcmp\fP() function is the wide-character equivalent of the \fBmemcmp\fP
The \fBwmemcmp\fP() function is the wide-character equivalent of the \fBmemcmp\fP()
function. It compares the \fIn\fP wide-characters starting at \fIs1\fP and the
\fIn\fP wide-characters starting at \fIs2\fP.
.SH "RETURN VALUE"

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@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ wmemcpy \- copy an array of wide-characters
.BI "wchar_t *wmemcpy(wchar_t *" dest ", const wchar_t *" src ", size_t " n );
.fi
.SH DESCRIPTION
The \fBwmemcpy\fP() function is the wide-character equivalent of the \fBmemcpy\fP
The \fBwmemcpy\fP() function is the wide-character equivalent of the \fBmemcpy\fP()
function. It copies \fIn\fP wide characters from the array starting at
\fIsrc\fP to the array starting at \fIdest\fP.
.PP

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@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ wmemmove \- copy an array of wide-characters
.fi
.SH DESCRIPTION
The \fBwmemmove\fP() function is the wide-character equivalent of the
\fBmemmove\fP function. It copies \fIn\fP wide characters from the array
\fBmemmove\fP() function. It copies \fIn\fP wide characters from the array
starting at \fIsrc\fP to the array starting at \fIdest\fP. The arrays may
overlap.
.PP

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@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ wmemset \- fill an array of wide-characters with a constant wide character
.BI "wchar_t *wmemset(wchar_t *" wcs ", wchar_t " wc ", size_t " n );
.fi
.SH DESCRIPTION
The \fBwmemset\fP() function is the wide-character equivalent of the \fBmemset\fP
The \fBwmemset\fP() function is the wide-character equivalent of the \fBmemset\fP()
function. It fills the array of \fIn\fP wide-characters starting at \fIwcs\fP
with \fIn\fP copies of the wide character \fIwc\fP.
.SH "RETURN VALUE"

View File

@ -33,24 +33,24 @@ wprintf, fwprintf, swprintf, vwprintf, vfwprintf, vswprintf \- formatted wide ch
.fi
.SH DESCRIPTION
The \fBwprintf\fP() family of functions is the wide-character equivalent of the
\fBprintf\fP family of functions. It performs formatted output of wide
\fBprintf\fP() family of functions. It performs formatted output of wide
characters.
.PP
The \fBwprintf\fP() and \fBvwprintf\fP() functions perform wide character output
to \fBstdout\fP. \fBstdout\fP must not be byte oriented; see function
\fBfwide\fP for more information.
\fBfwide\fP() for more information.
.PP
The \fBfwprintf\fP() and \fBvfwprintf\fP() functions perform wide character output
to \fIstream\fP. \fIstream\fP must not be byte oriented; see function
\fBfwide\fP for more information.
\fBfwide\fP() for more information.
.PP
The \fBswprintf\fP() and \fBvswprintf\fP() functions perform wide character output
to an array of wide characters.
The programmer must ensure that there is room for at least \fImaxlen\fP wide
characters at \fIwcs\fP.
.PP
These functions are like the \fBprintf\fP, \fBvprintf\fP, \fBfprintf\fP,
\fBvfprintf\fP, \fBsprintf\fP, \fBvsprintf\fP functions except for the
These functions are like the \fBprintf\fP(), \fBvprintf\fP(), \fBfprintf\fP(),
\fBvfprintf\fP(), \fBsprintf\fP(), \fBvsprintf\fP() functions except for the
following differences:
.TP
.B \(bu
@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ The output consists of wide characters, not bytes.
.TP
.B \(bu
\fBswprintf\fP() and \fBvswprintf\fP() take a \fImaxlen\fP argument,
\fBsprintf\fP and \fBvsprintf\fP do not. (\fBsnprintf\fP and \fBvsnprintf\fP
\fBsprintf\fP() and \fBvsprintf\fP() do not. (\fBsnprintf\fP() and \fBvsnprintf\fP()
take a \fImaxlen\fP argument, but these functions do not return \-1 upon
buffer overflow on Linux.)
.PP