2006-02-08 03:20:44 +00:00
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.\" Copyright 2003,2004 Andi Kleen, SuSE Labs.
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2007-08-27 11:01:24 +00:00
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.\" and Copyright 2007 Lee Schermerhorn, Hewlett Packard
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2006-02-08 03:20:44 +00:00
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.\"
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.\" Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
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.\" manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
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.\" preserved on all copies.
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.\"
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.\" Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
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.\" manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the
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.\" entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a
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.\" permission notice identical to this one.
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2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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.\"
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2006-02-08 03:20:44 +00:00
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.\" Since the Linux kernel and libraries are constantly changing, this
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.\" manual page may be incorrect or out-of-date. The author(s) assume no
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.\" responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from
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2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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.\" the use of the information contained herein.
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.\"
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2006-02-08 03:20:44 +00:00
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.\" Formatted or processed versions of this manual, if unaccompanied by
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.\" the source, must acknowledge the copyright and authors of this work.
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2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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.\"
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2006-02-08 03:20:44 +00:00
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.\" 2006-02-03, mtk, substantial wording changes and other improvements
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2007-08-27 10:48:50 +00:00
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.\" 2007-08-27, Lee Schermerhorn <Lee.Schermerhorn@hp.com>
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.\" more precise specification of behavior.
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2006-02-08 03:20:44 +00:00
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.\"
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2007-09-23 11:41:50 +00:00
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.TH MBIND 2 2007-08-27 Linux "Linux Programmer's Manual"
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2006-02-08 03:20:44 +00:00
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.SH NAME
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mbind \- Set memory policy for a memory range
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.SH SYNOPSIS
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2007-04-03 14:04:54 +00:00
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.nf
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.B "#include <numaif.h>"
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.sp
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.BI "int mbind(void *" start ", unsigned long " len ", int " mode ,
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.BI " unsigned long *" nodemask ", unsigned long " maxnode ,
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2007-04-03 14:04:54 +00:00
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.BI " unsigned " flags );
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2006-02-08 03:20:44 +00:00
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.sp
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2007-08-27 11:34:07 +00:00
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Link with \fI\-lnuma\fP
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2007-04-03 14:04:54 +00:00
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.fi
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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.BR mbind ()
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2007-08-27 10:48:50 +00:00
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sets the NUMA memory policy,
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which consists of a policy mode and zero or more nodes,
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2006-02-08 03:20:44 +00:00
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for the memory range starting with
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.I start
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and continuing for
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2007-09-20 16:26:31 +00:00
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.I len
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bytes.
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2006-02-08 03:20:44 +00:00
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The memory of a NUMA machine is divided into multiple nodes.
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2007-08-27 10:48:50 +00:00
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The memory policy defines from which node memory is allocated.
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If the memory range specified by the
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.IR start " and " len
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arguments includes an "anonymous" region of memory\(emthat is
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a region of memory created using the
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.BR mmap (2)
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system call with the
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.BR MAP_ANONYMOUS \(emor
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a memory mapped file, mapped using the
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.BR mmap (2)
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system call with the
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.B MAP_PRIVATE
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flag, pages will only be allocated according to the specified
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policy when the application writes [stores] to the page.
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For anonymous regions, an initial read access will use a shared
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page in the kernel containing all zeros.
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For a file mapped with
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.BR MAP_PRIVATE ,
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an initial read access will allocate pages according to the
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process policy of the process that causes the page to be allocated.
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This may not be the process that called
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.BR mbind ().
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The specified policy will be ignored for any
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.B MAP_SHARED
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mappings in the specified memory range.
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Rather the pages will be allocated according to the process policy
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of the process that caused the page to be allocated.
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Again, this may not be the process that called
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.BR mbind ().
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If the specified memory range includes a shared memory region
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created using the
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.BR shmget (2)
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system call and attached using the
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.BR shmat (2)
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system call,
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pages allocated for the anonymous or shared memory region will
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be allocated according to the policy specified, regardless which
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process attached to the shared memory segment causes the allocation.
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If, however, the shared memory region was created with the
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.B SHM_HUGETLB
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flag,
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the huge pages will be allocated according to the policy specified
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only if the page allocation is caused by the task that calls
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.BR mbind ()
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for that region.
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By default,
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2006-02-08 03:20:44 +00:00
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.BR mbind ()
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2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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only has an effect for new allocations; if the pages inside
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2006-02-08 03:20:44 +00:00
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the range have been already touched before setting the policy,
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then the policy has no effect.
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2007-08-27 10:48:50 +00:00
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This default behavior may be overridden by the
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2007-09-20 16:26:31 +00:00
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.B MPOL_MF_MOVE
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2007-08-27 10:48:50 +00:00
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and
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.B MPOL_MF_MOVE_ALL
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flags described below.
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2006-02-08 03:20:44 +00:00
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2007-08-27 10:48:50 +00:00
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The
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.I mode
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argument must specify one of
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2006-02-08 03:20:44 +00:00
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.BR MPOL_DEFAULT ,
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.BR MPOL_BIND ,
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2007-08-27 10:48:50 +00:00
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.B MPOL_INTERLEAVE
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or
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2006-02-08 03:20:44 +00:00
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.BR MPOL_PREFERRED .
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2007-08-27 10:48:50 +00:00
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All policy modes except
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2006-02-08 03:20:44 +00:00
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.B MPOL_DEFAULT
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2007-08-27 10:48:50 +00:00
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require the caller to specify via the
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2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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.I nodemask
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2007-08-27 10:48:50 +00:00
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parameter,
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the node or nodes to which the mode applies.
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2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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.I nodemask
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2007-08-27 10:48:50 +00:00
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points to a bitmask of nodes containing up to
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2006-02-08 03:20:44 +00:00
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.I maxnode
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bits.
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2007-08-27 10:48:50 +00:00
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The bit mask size is rounded to the next multiple of
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2006-02-08 03:20:44 +00:00
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.IR "sizeof(unsigned long)" ,
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but the kernel will only use bits up to
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.IR maxnode .
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2007-08-27 10:48:50 +00:00
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A NULL value of
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.I nodemask
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or a
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.I maxnode
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value of zero specifies the empty set of nodes.
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If the value of
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.I maxnode
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is zero,
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the
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.I nodemask
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argument is ignored.
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2006-02-08 03:20:44 +00:00
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2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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The
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2006-02-08 03:20:44 +00:00
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.B MPOL_DEFAULT
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2007-09-18 18:50:44 +00:00
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mode specifies that the default policy should be used.
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2007-08-27 10:48:50 +00:00
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When applied to a range of memory via
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.IR mbind (),
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this means to use the process policy,
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2007-09-18 18:43:25 +00:00
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which may have been set with
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2007-08-27 10:48:50 +00:00
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.BR set_mempolicy (2).
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If the mode of the process policy is also
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.BR MPOL_DEFAULT ,
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the system-wide default policy will be used.
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The system-wide default policy will allocate
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pages on the node of the CPU that triggers the allocation.
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For
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.BR MPOL_DEFAULT ,
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the
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2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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.I nodemask
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2007-08-27 10:48:50 +00:00
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and
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.I maxnode
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arguments must be specify the empty set of nodes.
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2006-02-08 03:20:44 +00:00
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The
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.B MPOL_BIND
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2007-08-27 10:48:50 +00:00
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mode specifies a strict policy that restricts memory allocation to
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the nodes specified in
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.IR nodemask .
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If
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.I nodemask
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specifies more than one node, page allocations will come from
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2007-08-27 11:34:07 +00:00
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the node with the lowest numeric node ID first, until that node
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2007-08-27 10:48:50 +00:00
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contains no free memory.
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Allocations will then come from the node with the next highest
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2007-08-27 11:34:07 +00:00
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node ID specified in
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2007-08-27 10:48:50 +00:00
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.I nodemask
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and so forth, until none of the specified nodes contain free memory.
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Pages will not be allocated from any node not specified in the
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2006-02-08 03:20:44 +00:00
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.IR nodemask .
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2007-08-27 10:48:50 +00:00
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The
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2006-02-08 03:20:44 +00:00
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.B MPOL_INTERLEAVE
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2007-08-27 10:48:50 +00:00
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mode specifies that page allocations be interleaved across the
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set of nodes specified in
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2006-02-08 03:20:44 +00:00
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.IR nodemask .
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2007-08-27 10:48:50 +00:00
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This optimizes for bandwidth instead of latency
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by spreading out pages and memory accesses to those pages across
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multiple nodes.
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2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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To be effective the memory area should be fairly large,
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2007-08-27 10:48:50 +00:00
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at least 1MB or bigger with a fairly uniform access pattern.
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Accesses to a single page of the area will still be limited to
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the memory bandwidth of a single node.
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2006-02-08 03:20:44 +00:00
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.B MPOL_PREFERRED
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2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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sets the preferred node for allocation.
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2007-08-27 10:48:50 +00:00
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The kernel will try to allocate pages from this
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2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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node first and fall back to other nodes if the
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preferred nodes is low on free memory.
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2007-08-27 10:48:50 +00:00
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If
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2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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.I nodemask
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2007-08-27 11:34:07 +00:00
|
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specifies more than one node ID, the first node in the
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2007-08-27 10:48:50 +00:00
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mask will be selected as the preferred node.
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If the
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.I nodemask
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and
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.I maxnode
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arguments specify the empty set, then the memory is allocated on
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the node of the CPU that triggered the allocation.
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This is the only way to specify "local allocation" for a
|
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range of memory via
|
2007-11-24 10:10:39 +00:00
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.IR mbind ().
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2006-02-08 03:20:44 +00:00
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If
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.B MPOL_MF_STRICT
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2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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is passed in
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2007-09-20 16:26:31 +00:00
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.I flags
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2006-02-08 03:20:44 +00:00
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and
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.I policy
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is not
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.BR MPOL_DEFAULT ,
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then the call will fail with the error
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.B EIO
|
2007-08-27 10:48:50 +00:00
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if the existing pages in the memory range don't follow the policy.
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2007-08-27 11:34:07 +00:00
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.\" According to the kernel code, the following is not true
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.\" --Lee Schermerhorn
|
2007-08-27 10:48:50 +00:00
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.\" In 2.6.16 or later the kernel will also try to move pages
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.\" to the requested node with this flag.
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2006-02-08 03:20:44 +00:00
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2006-03-15 10:26:29 +00:00
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If
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2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
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.B MPOL_MF_MOVE
|
2007-08-27 10:48:50 +00:00
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is specified in
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2006-03-15 10:26:29 +00:00
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.IR flags ,
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2007-08-27 10:48:50 +00:00
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then the kernel will attempt to move all the existing pages
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in the memory range so that they follow the policy.
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Pages that are shared with other processes will not be moved.
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2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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If
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2006-03-15 10:26:29 +00:00
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.B MPOL_MF_STRICT
|
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is also specified, then the call will fail with the error
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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.B EIO
|
2006-03-15 10:26:29 +00:00
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if some pages could not be moved.
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If
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2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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.B MPOL_MF_MOVE_ALL
|
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is passed in
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.IR flags ,
|
2007-08-27 10:48:50 +00:00
|
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then the kernel will attempt to move all existing pages in the memory range
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regardless of whether other processes use the pages.
|
2006-03-15 10:26:29 +00:00
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The calling process must be privileged
|
2006-03-21 20:56:33 +00:00
|
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.RB ( CAP_SYS_NICE )
|
2006-03-15 10:26:29 +00:00
|
|
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to use this flag.
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
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If
|
2006-03-15 10:26:29 +00:00
|
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.B MPOL_MF_STRICT
|
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is also specified, then the call will fail with the error
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
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.B EIO
|
2006-03-15 10:26:29 +00:00
|
|
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if some pages could not be moved.
|
2007-08-27 10:48:50 +00:00
|
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.\" ---------------------------------------------------------------
|
2006-02-08 03:20:44 +00:00
|
|
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.SH RETURN VALUE
|
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|
On success,
|
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.BR mbind ()
|
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returns 0;
|
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|
on error, \-1 is returned and
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
.I errno
|
2006-02-08 03:20:44 +00:00
|
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|
is set to indicate the error.
|
2007-08-27 10:48:50 +00:00
|
|
|
.\" ---------------------------------------------------------------
|
2006-02-08 03:20:44 +00:00
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|
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.SH ERRORS
|
2007-08-27 11:34:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.\" I think I got all of the error returns. --Lee Schermerhorn
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
.TP
|
2007-10-23 06:15:48 +00:00
|
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.B EFAULT
|
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|
Part of all of the memory range specified by
|
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.I nodemask
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and
|
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.I maxnode
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points outside your accessible address space.
|
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Or, there was a unmapped hole in the specified memory range.
|
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.TP
|
2006-02-08 03:20:44 +00:00
|
|
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.B EINVAL
|
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|
An invalid value was specified for
|
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|
.I flags
|
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or
|
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|
.IR mode ;
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
or
|
2007-03-01 01:43:47 +00:00
|
|
|
.I start + len
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
was less than
|
2006-02-08 03:20:44 +00:00
|
|
|
.IR start ;
|
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or
|
2007-08-27 10:48:50 +00:00
|
|
|
.I start
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|
is not a multiple of the system page size.
|
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|
Or,
|
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.I mode
|
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is
|
2007-08-27 11:34:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.B MPOL_DEFAULT
|
2006-02-08 03:20:44 +00:00
|
|
|
and
|
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|
.I nodemask
|
2007-08-27 10:48:50 +00:00
|
|
|
specified a non-empty set;
|
2006-02-08 03:20:44 +00:00
|
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or
|
2007-08-27 10:48:50 +00:00
|
|
|
.I mode
|
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is
|
2007-08-27 11:34:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.B MPOL_BIND
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2006-02-08 03:20:44 +00:00
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or
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2007-08-27 11:34:07 +00:00
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.B MPOL_INTERLEAVE
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2006-02-08 03:20:44 +00:00
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and
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.I nodemask
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2007-08-27 10:48:50 +00:00
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is empty.
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Or,
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.I maxnode
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specifies more than a page worth of bits.
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Or,
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.I nodemask
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2007-08-27 11:34:07 +00:00
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specifies one or more node IDs that are
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greater than the maximum supported node ID,
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2007-08-27 10:48:50 +00:00
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or are not allowed in the calling task's context.
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2007-08-27 11:34:07 +00:00
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.\" "calling task's context" refers to cpusets.
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.\" No man page avail to ref. --Lee Schermerhorn
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Or, none of the node IDs specified by
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2007-08-27 10:48:50 +00:00
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.I nodemask
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are on-line, or none of the specified nodes contain memory.
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.TP
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2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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.B EIO
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2006-02-08 03:20:44 +00:00
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.B MPOL_MF_STRICT
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2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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was specified and an existing page was already on a node
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2007-08-27 10:48:50 +00:00
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that does not follow the policy;
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or
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.B MPOL_MF_MOVE
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or
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.B MPOL_MF_MOVE_ALL
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was specified and the kernel was unable to move all existing
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pages in the range.
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2007-08-27 07:56:52 +00:00
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.TP
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.B ENOMEM
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2007-08-27 10:48:50 +00:00
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Insufficient kernel memory was available.
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.TP
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.B EPERM
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The
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.I flags
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argument included the
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.B MPOL_MF_MOVE_ALL
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flag and the caller does not have the
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.B CAP_SYS_NICE
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privilege.
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.\" ---------------------------------------------------------------
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2007-11-24 10:15:53 +00:00
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.SH CONFORMING TO
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This system call is Linux specific.
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2006-02-08 03:20:44 +00:00
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.SH NOTES
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2007-08-27 10:48:50 +00:00
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NUMA policy is not supported on a memory mapped file range
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that was mapped with the
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2007-08-27 11:34:07 +00:00
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.B MAP_SHARED
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2007-08-27 10:48:50 +00:00
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flag.
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2006-02-08 03:20:44 +00:00
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2006-03-15 10:26:29 +00:00
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.B MPOL_MF_STRICT
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2007-08-27 10:48:50 +00:00
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is ignored on huge page mappings.
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2006-03-15 10:26:29 +00:00
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2007-08-27 10:48:50 +00:00
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The
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2006-02-08 19:36:09 +00:00
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.BR MPOL_DEFAULT ,
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2007-08-27 10:48:50 +00:00
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mode has different effects for
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2007-11-24 10:10:39 +00:00
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.BR mbind ()
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2006-02-08 03:20:44 +00:00
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and
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.BR set_mempolicy (2).
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2007-08-27 10:48:50 +00:00
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When
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.B MPOL_DEFAULT
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is specified for a range of memory using
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2006-02-08 03:20:44 +00:00
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.BR mbind (),
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2007-08-27 10:48:50 +00:00
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any pages subsequently allocated for that range will use
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2007-08-27 11:34:07 +00:00
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the process's policy, as set by
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2007-08-27 10:48:50 +00:00
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.BR set_mempolicy (2).
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This effectively removes the explicit policy from the
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specified range.
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To select "local allocation" for a memory range,
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2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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specify a
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2007-08-27 10:48:50 +00:00
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.I mode
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2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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of
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2006-02-08 03:20:44 +00:00
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.B MPOL_PREFERRED
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2007-08-27 10:48:50 +00:00
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with an empty set of nodes.
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This method will work for
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.BR set_mempolicy (2),
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as well.
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.\" ---------------------------------------------------------------
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2007-05-16 03:15:20 +00:00
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.SS "Versions and Library Support"
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2006-02-08 03:20:44 +00:00
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The
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.BR mbind (),
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2007-05-11 23:07:02 +00:00
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.BR get_mempolicy (2),
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2006-02-08 03:20:44 +00:00
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and
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2007-05-11 23:07:02 +00:00
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.BR set_mempolicy (2)
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2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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system calls were added to the Linux kernel with version 2.6.7.
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They are only available on kernels compiled with
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2006-02-08 03:20:44 +00:00
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.BR CONFIG_NUMA .
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2007-08-27 10:48:50 +00:00
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You can link with
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.I -lnuma
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to get system call definitions.
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.I libnuma
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and the required
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2007-09-18 18:50:44 +00:00
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.I <numaif.h>
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2007-10-12 06:41:27 +00:00
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header are available in the
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2007-08-27 10:48:50 +00:00
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.I numactl
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package.
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2006-03-15 10:26:29 +00:00
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2007-08-27 10:48:50 +00:00
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However, applications should not use these system calls directly.
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2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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Instead, the higher level interface provided by the
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2006-03-21 10:59:30 +00:00
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.BR numa (3)
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2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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functions in the
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.I numactl
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2006-02-08 03:20:44 +00:00
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package is recommended.
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The
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.I numactl
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package is available at
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.IR ftp://ftp.suse.com/pub/people/ak/numa/ .
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2007-08-27 10:48:50 +00:00
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The package is also included in some Linux distributions.
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Some distributions include the development library and header
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in the separate
|
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.I numactl-devel
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2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
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package.
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2007-08-27 10:48:50 +00:00
|
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Support for huge page policy was added with 2.6.16.
|
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For interleave policy to be effective on huge page mappings the
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|
|
|
policied memory needs to be tens of megabytes or larger.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.B MPOL_MF_MOVE
|
|
|
|
and
|
|
|
|
.B MPOL_MF_MOVE_ALL
|
|
|
|
are only available on Linux 2.6.16 and later.
|
2006-02-08 03:20:44 +00:00
|
|
|
.SH SEE ALSO
|
2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
|
|
.BR get_mempolicy (2),
|
2007-08-27 10:48:50 +00:00
|
|
|
.BR mmap (2),
|
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|
.BR set_mempolicy (2),
|
|
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|
.BR shmat (2),
|
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.BR shmget (2),
|
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.BR numa (3),
|
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|
.BR numactl (8)
|