man-pages/man2/readlink.2

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.\"     @(#)readlink.2	6.8 (Berkeley) 3/10/91
.\"
.\" Modified Sat Jul 24 00:10:21 1993 by Rik Faith (faith@cs.unc.edu)
.\" Modified Tue Jul  9 23:55:17 1996 by aeb
.\" Modified Fri Jan 24 00:26:00 1997 by aeb
.\"
.TH READLINK 2 2011-04-20 "Linux" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
.SH NAME
readlink \- read value of a symbolic link
.SH SYNOPSIS
.B #include <unistd.h>
.sp
.BI "ssize_t readlink(const char *" path ", char *" buf ", size_t " bufsiz );
.sp
.in -4n
Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see
.BR feature_test_macros (7)):
.in
.sp
.ad l
.BR readlink ():
.RS 4
_BSD_SOURCE || _XOPEN_SOURCE\ >=\ 500 ||
_XOPEN_SOURCE\ &&\ _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED || _POSIX_C_SOURCE\ >=\ 200112L
.RE
.ad b
.SH DESCRIPTION
.BR readlink ()
places the contents of the symbolic link
.I path
in the buffer
.IR buf ,
which has size
.IR bufsiz .
.BR readlink ()
does not append a null byte to
.IR buf .
It will truncate the contents (to a length of
.I bufsiz
characters), in case the buffer is too small to hold all of the contents.

Using a statically sized buffer might not give enough room for the
symbolic link contents, which might end up getting truncated. The
needed size for the buffer can be obtained from the symbolic link's
.I stat
structure
.I st_size
field with
.BR lstat (),
but the number of written characters should be checked to make sure the
symbolic link did not change between both calls, and no truncation
happened. This also fixes a common portability problem when using
.I PATH_MAX
for the buffer size, as this is not guaranteed to be defined per POSIX
if the system does not have such limit.
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
On success,
.BR readlink ()
returns the number of bytes placed in
.IR buf .
On error, \-1 is returned and
.I errno
is set to indicate the error.
.SH ERRORS
.TP
.B EACCES
Search permission is denied for a component of the path prefix.
(See also
.BR path_resolution (7).)
.TP
.B EFAULT
.I buf
extends outside the process's allocated address space.
.TP
.B EINVAL
.I bufsiz
is not positive.
.\" At the glibc level, bufsiz is unsigned, so this error can only occur
.\" if bufsiz==0.  However, the in the kernel syscall, bufsiz is signed,
.\" and this error can also occur if bufsiz < 0.
.\" See: http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.man/380
.\" Subject: [patch 0/3] [RFC] kernel/glibc mismatch of "readlink" syscall?
.TP
.B EINVAL
The named file is not a symbolic link.
.TP
.B EIO
An I/O error occurred while reading from the file system.
.TP
.B ELOOP
Too many symbolic links were encountered in translating the pathname.
.TP
.B ENAMETOOLONG
A pathname, or a component of a pathname, was too long.
.TP
.B ENOENT
The named file does not exist.
.TP
.B ENOMEM
Insufficient kernel memory was available.
.TP
.B ENOTDIR
A component of the path prefix is not a directory.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
4.4BSD
.RB ( readlink ()
first appeared in 4.2BSD),
POSIX.1-2001.
.SH NOTES
In versions of glibc up to and including glibc 2.4, the return type of
.BR readlink ()
was declared as
.IR int .
Nowadays, the return type is declared as
.IR ssize_t ,
as (newly) required in POSIX.1-2001.
.SH EXAMPLE
The following program allocates the space needed by
.BR readlink ()
dynamically from the information provided by
.BR lstat (),
making sure there's no race condition between both calls.
.nf

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>

int
main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    struct stat sb;
    char *linkname;
    ssize_t r;

    if (argc != 2) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s <pathname>\\n", argv[0]);
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    if (lstat(argv[1], &sb) == \-1) {
        perror("lstat");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    linkname = malloc(sb.st_size + 1);
    if (linkname == NULL) {
        fprintf(stderr, "insufficient memory\\n");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    r = readlink(argv[1], linkname, sb.st_size + 1);
    if (r < 0) {
        perror("lstat");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    } else if (r != sb.st_size) {
        fprintf(stderr, "symlink changed between lstat and readlink\\n");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    linkname[sb.st_size] = '\\0';

    printf("'%s' points to '%s'\\n", argv[1], linkname);

    exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}
.fi
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.BR readlink (1),
.BR lstat (2),
.BR readlinkat (2),
.BR stat (2),
.BR symlink (2),
.BR path_resolution (7),
.BR symlink (7)