2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.\" Copyright 1995-2000 David Engel (david@ods.com)
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|
.\" Copyright 1995 Rickard E. Faith (faith@cs.unc.edu)
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|
.\" Copyright 2000 Ben Collins (bcollins@debian.org)
|
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|
.\" Redone for GLibc 2.2
|
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|
|
.\" Copyright 2000 Jakub Jelinek (jakub@redhat.com)
|
|
|
|
.\" Corrected.
|
2016-07-05 10:49:52 +00:00
|
|
|
.\" and Copyright (C) 2012, 2016, Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
|
ldd.1, capget.2, clone.2, create_module.2, fallocate.2, futex.2, get_kernel_syms.2, get_thread_area.2, getcpu.2, getitimer.2, getpid.2, io_cancel.2, io_destroy.2, io_getevents.2, io_setup.2, io_submit.2, ioctl_list.2, mkdir.2, mknod.2, pciconfig_read.2, pivot_root.2, posix_fadvise.2, query_module.2, sendfile.2, set_thread_area.2, setns.2, unshare.2, __setfpucw.3, a64l.3, addseverity.3, argz_add.3, bindresvport.3, cabs.3, cacos.3, cacosh.3, canonicalize_file_name.3, carg.3, casin.3, casinh.3, catan.3, catanh.3, ccos.3, ccosh.3, cerf.3, cexp.3, cexp2.3, cimag.3, clog.3, clog10.3, clog2.3, cmsg.3, conj.3, cpow.3, cproj.3, creal.3, csin.3, csinh.3, csqrt.3, ctan.3, ctanh.3, des_crypt.3, envz_add.3, fdim.3, fma.3, fmax.3, fmemopen.3, fmin.3, fmtmsg.3, fpclassify.3, gamma.3, getpt.3, getrpcent.3, getrpcport.3, getttyent.3, isgreater.3, key_setsecret.3, lgamma.3, malloc_hook.3, mempcpy.3, nan.3, netlink.3, nextafter.3, putgrent.3, remove.3, remquo.3, rpc.3, rtime.3, rtnetlink.3, setaliasent.3, setnetgrent.3, signbit.3, significand.3, sincos.3, stdin.3, tgamma.3, xcrypt.3, xdr.3, cciss.4, hpsa.4, mouse.4, pts.4, sk98lin.4, tty_ioctl.4, wavelan.4, hosts.equiv.5, rpc.5, tzfile.5, boot.7, complex.7, ddp.7, fifo.7, futex.7, icmp.7, ip.7, ipv6.7, netdevice.7, netlink.7, packet.7, raw.7, rtnetlink.7, socket.7, tcp.7, udp.7, unix.7, x25.7, sync.8: Global fix: Put copyright info at top of page, followed by blank line and LICENSE
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2013-03-10 09:29:51 +00:00
|
|
|
.\"
|
ldd.1, clone.2, create_module.2, get_kernel_syms.2, get_thread_area.2, io_cancel.2, io_setup.2, io_submit.2, mkdir.2, mknod.2, query_module.2, set_thread_area.2, __setfpucw.3, hosts.equiv.5, sync.8: Added LICENSE_START(GPL_NOVERSION_ONELINE)
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2013-03-10 09:28:51 +00:00
|
|
|
.\" %%%LICENSE_START(GPL_NOVERSION_ONELINE)
|
2013-03-10 10:01:30 +00:00
|
|
|
.\" Do not restrict distribution.
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.\" May be distributed under the GNU General Public License
|
ldd.1, clone.2, create_module.2, get_kernel_syms.2, get_thread_area.2, io_cancel.2, io_setup.2, io_submit.2, mkdir.2, mknod.2, query_module.2, set_thread_area.2, __setfpucw.3, hosts.equiv.5, sync.8: Added LICENSE_START(GPL_NOVERSION_ONELINE)
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2013-03-10 09:28:51 +00:00
|
|
|
.\" %%%LICENSE_END
|
ldd.1, arch_prctl.2, faccessat.2, fchmodat.2, fchownat.2, flock.2, futimesat.2, getcpu.2, getdents.2, getitimer.2, getpid.2, getresuid.2, getunwind.2, kexec_load.2, mkdirat.2, mknodat.2, openat.2, outb.2, perfmonctl.2, readlinkat.2, renameat.2, symlinkat.2, timer_delete.2, timer_getoverrun.2, timer_settime.2, unlinkat.2: srcfix
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2013-03-12 11:35:04 +00:00
|
|
|
.\"
|
getent.1, iconv.1, ldd.1, locale.1, localedef.1, memusage.1, memusagestat.1, pldd.1, sprof.1, time.1, _syscall.2, accept.2, add_key.2, adjtimex.2, bind.2, bpf.2, capget.2, chown.2, chroot.2, clock_getres.2, clone.2, connect.2, copy_file_range.2, epoll_ctl.2, epoll_wait.2, eventfd.2, fanotify_init.2, fanotify_mark.2, fcntl.2, fsync.2, futex.2, getcpu.2, getdents.2, getgid.2, getgroups.2, getpid.2, gettid.2, gettimeofday.2, getuid.2, getxattr.2, inotify_add_watch.2, inotify_init.2, ioctl_fat.2, ioctl_ns.2, ioctl_userfaultfd.2, ioprio_set.2, kcmp.2, kexec_load.2, keyctl.2, listxattr.2, lseek.2, madvise.2, memfd_create.2, migrate_pages.2, mount.2, mprotect.2, mremap.2, msgctl.2, msgop.2, nfsservctl.2, open_by_handle_at.2, perf_event_open.2, pipe.2, pivot_root.2, pkey_alloc.2, poll.2, posix_fadvise.2, prctl.2, readahead.2, readdir.2, readlink.2, reboot.2, recvmmsg.2, removexattr.2, rename.2, request_key.2, s390_guarded_storage.2, s390_runtime_instr.2, s390_sthyi.2, sched_setaffinity.2, sched_setattr.2, sched_setparam.2, seccomp.2, select.2, select_tut.2, semctl.2, sendmmsg.2, set_thread_area.2, setgid.2, setns.2, setuid.2, setxattr.2, shmctl.2, sigaction.2, signalfd.2, sigsuspend.2, socket.2, socketpair.2, spu_run.2, stat.2, statx.2, subpage_prot.2, syscalls.2, sysctl.2, tee.2, timer_create.2, timerfd_create.2, truncate.2, uname.2, unshare.2, userfaultfd.2, ustat.2, vmsplice.2, write.2, CPU_SET.3, __ppc_get_timebase.3, alloca.3, argz_add.3, asprintf.3, backtrace.3, basename.3, bsd_signal.3, bstring.3, bswap.3, bzero.3, cacos.3, cacosh.3, catan.3, catanh.3, catgets.3, clock_getcpuclockid.3, cmsg.3, confstr.3, ctermid.3, ctime.3, des_crypt.3, dl_iterate_phdr.3, dlinfo.3, dlsym.3, duplocale.3, end.3, endian.3, errno.3, exec.3, exit.3, ferror.3, fgetws.3, fmemopen.3, fnmatch.3, fopencookie.3, fputws.3, frexp.3, ftw.3, get_nprocs_conf.3, get_phys_pages.3, getaddrinfo.3, getaddrinfo_a.3, getdate.3, getgrouplist.3, getifaddrs.3, getline.3, getlogin.3, getmntent.3, getnameinfo.3, getopt.3, getpass.3, getprotoent_r.3, getpwnam.3, getservent_r.3, getsubopt.3, glob.3, gnu_get_libc_version.3, hsearch.3, if_nameindex.3, index.3, inet.3, inet_net_pton.3, inet_pton.3, insque.3, isatty.3, iswblank.3, iswspace.3, lockf.3, makecontext.3, mallinfo.3, malloc.3, malloc_hook.3, malloc_info.3, mallopt.3, matherr.3, mbrtowc.3, mbsnrtowcs.3, mbsrtowcs.3, mbstowcs.3, mbtowc.3, mcheck.3, memchr.3, mq_getattr.3, mq_notify.3, newlocale.3, nl_langinfo.3, offsetof.3, perror.3, posix_spawn.3, printf.3, pthread_attr_init.3, pthread_cancel.3, pthread_cleanup_push.3, pthread_getattr_default_np.3, pthread_getattr_np.3, pthread_getcpuclockid.3, pthread_mutexattr_setrobust.3, pthread_rwlockattr_setkind_np.3, pthread_setaffinity_np.3, pthread_setname_np.3, pthread_setschedparam.3, pthread_sigmask.3, putenv.3, qsort.3, rand.3, random.3, readdir.3, regex.3, resolver.3, rpmatch.3, rtime.3, scanf.3, sem_wait.3, setaliasent.3, setbuf.3, stpcpy.3, stpncpy.3, strcat.3, strchr.3, strcmp.3, strcpy.3, strdup.3, strerror.3, strfromd.3, strfry.3, strftime.3, string.3, strlen.3, strnlen.3, strsep.3, strstr.3, strtok.3, strtol.3, strtoul.3, strverscmp.3, strxfrm.3, system.3, termios.3, trunc.3, wcpcpy.3, wcpncpy.3, wcrtomb.3, wcscat.3, wcscpy.3, wcslen.3, wcsncat.3, wcsncmp.3, wcsncpy.3, wcsnlen.3, wcsnrtombs.3, wcsrtombs.3, wcsstr.3, wcstok.3, wcstombs.3, wcwidth.3, wprintf.3, xcrypt.3, console_codes.4, dsp56k.4, full.4, initrd.4, lirc.4, loop.4, st.4, tty.4, vcs.4, charmap.5, core.5, host.conf.5, locale.5, proc.5, repertoiremap.5, resolv.conf.5, termcap.5, tmpfs.5, tzfile.5, aio.7, capabilities.7, cgroup_namespaces.7, cgroups.7, charsets.7, complex.7, epoll.7, fanotify.7, feature_test_macros.7, inotify.7, ip.7, locale.7, man-pages.7, man.7, namespaces.7, pid_namespaces.7, pkeys.7, pthreads.7, rtld-audit.7, sched.7, signal.7, sock_diag.7, socket.7, tcp.7, udp.7, unicode.7, user_namespaces.7, utf-8.7, zdump.8, zic.8: tstamp
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2019-03-06 14:11:03 +00:00
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.TH LDD 1 2019-03-06 "" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.SH NAME
|
2015-07-10 18:37:59 +00:00
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ldd \- print shared object dependencies
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.SH SYNOPSIS
|
2014-08-30 13:47:34 +00:00
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.BR ldd " [\fIoption\fP]... \fIfile\fP..."
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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.B ldd
|
2015-08-08 16:23:54 +00:00
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|
prints the shared objects (shared libraries) required by each program or
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2015-07-10 18:37:59 +00:00
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|
shared object specified on the command line.
|
2020-09-24 07:57:27 +00:00
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An example of its use and output
|
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(using
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|
.BR sed (1)
|
|
|
|
to trim leading white space for readability in this page)
|
|
|
|
is the following:
|
2017-08-15 13:59:25 +00:00
|
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|
.PP
|
2020-09-24 07:57:27 +00:00
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.in +4n
|
2017-08-15 13:59:25 +00:00
|
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.EX
|
2020-09-24 07:57:27 +00:00
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$ \fBldd /bin/ls | sed \(aqs/^ */ /\(aq\fP
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linux-vdso.so.1 (0x00007ffcc3563000)
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libselinux.so.1 => /lib64/libselinux.so.1 (0x00007f87e5459000)
|
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libcap.so.2 => /lib64/libcap.so.2 (0x00007f87e5254000)
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libc.so.6 => /lib64/libc.so.6 (0x00007f87e4e92000)
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libpcre.so.1 => /lib64/libpcre.so.1 (0x00007f87e4c22000)
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libdl.so.2 => /lib64/libdl.so.2 (0x00007f87e4a1e000)
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/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00005574bf12e000)
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libattr.so.1 => /lib64/libattr.so.1 (0x00007f87e4817000)
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libpthread.so.0 => /lib64/libpthread.so.0 (0x00007f87e45fa000)
|
2017-08-15 13:59:25 +00:00
|
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|
.EE
|
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|
.in
|
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|
.PP
|
2012-07-16 16:29:44 +00:00
|
|
|
In the usual case,
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.B ldd
|
|
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|
invokes the standard dynamic linker (see
|
2012-09-23 14:30:10 +00:00
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|
.BR ld.so (8))
|
2012-07-16 16:29:44 +00:00
|
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|
with the
|
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|
.B LD_TRACE_LOADED_OBJECTS
|
2016-05-10 16:32:43 +00:00
|
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|
environment variable set to 1.
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|
This causes the dynamic linker to inspect the program's dynamic dependencies,
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and find (according to the rules described in
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.BR ld.so (8))
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and load the objects that satisfy those dependencies.
|
|
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|
For each dependency,
|
getent.1, iconv.1, ldd.1, locale.1, localedef.1, memusage.1, memusagestat.1, pldd.1, sprof.1, time.1: tfix, use a one-font macro for a single argument
1) Use a single capital font macro for a genuine single argument.
The output is unchanged.
2) Remove quotation marks (") around a single argument.
The output is unchanged.
3) Change ".IR ab()" to ".IR ab ()"
A font is changed in the output.
mtk: I verified that the output is unchanged (other than fonts)
by comparing the output of:
for a in *.1; do man $a >> out.txt; done
before and after the patch.
Signed-off-by: Bjarni Ingi Gislason <bjarniig@rhi.hi.is>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2018-12-24 00:20:29 +00:00
|
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|
.B ldd
|
2016-05-10 16:32:43 +00:00
|
|
|
displays the location of the matching object
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and the (hexadecimal) address at which it is loaded.
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(The
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.I linux-vdso
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and
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.I ld-linux
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shared dependencies are special; see
|
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.BR vdso (7)
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and
|
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.BR ld.so (8).)
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.\"
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.SS Security
|
2016-07-04 15:25:03 +00:00
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|
Be aware that in some circumstances
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|
(e.g., where the program specifies an ELF interpreter other than
|
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|
.IR ld-linux.so ),
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.\" The circumstances are where the program has an interpreter
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.\" other than ld-linux.so. In this case, ldd tries to execute the
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.\" program directly with LD_TRACE_LOADED_OBJECTS=1, with the
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.\" result that the program interpreter gets control, and can do
|
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.\" what it likes, or pass control to the program itself.
|
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|
.\" Much more detail at
|
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|
|
.\" http://www.catonmat.net/blog/ldd-arbitrary-code-execution/
|
|
|
|
some versions of
|
getent.1, iconv.1, ldd.1, locale.1, localedef.1, memusage.1, memusagestat.1, pldd.1, sprof.1, time.1: tfix, use a one-font macro for a single argument
1) Use a single capital font macro for a genuine single argument.
The output is unchanged.
2) Remove quotation marks (") around a single argument.
The output is unchanged.
3) Change ".IR ab()" to ".IR ab ()"
A font is changed in the output.
mtk: I verified that the output is unchanged (other than fonts)
by comparing the output of:
for a in *.1; do man $a >> out.txt; done
before and after the patch.
Signed-off-by: Bjarni Ingi Gislason <bjarniig@rhi.hi.is>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2018-12-24 00:20:29 +00:00
|
|
|
.B ldd
|
2012-07-16 16:29:44 +00:00
|
|
|
may attempt to obtain the dependency information
|
2017-08-24 22:36:27 +00:00
|
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|
by attempting to directly execute the program,
|
|
|
|
which may lead to the execution of whatever code is defined
|
2016-07-04 15:25:03 +00:00
|
|
|
in the program's ELF interpreter,
|
2017-08-24 22:36:27 +00:00
|
|
|
and perhaps to execution of the program itself.
|
2012-07-16 16:29:44 +00:00
|
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|
.\" Mainline glibc's ldd allows this possibility (the line
|
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|
|
.\" try_trace "$file"
|
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|
|
.\" in glibc 2.15, for example), but many distro versions of
|
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|
|
.\" ldd seem to remove that code path from the script.
|
2017-11-30 09:58:02 +00:00
|
|
|
(In glibc versions before 2.27,
|
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|
|
.\" glibc commit eedca9772e99c72ab4c3c34e43cc764250aa3e3c
|
2017-08-24 22:36:27 +00:00
|
|
|
the upstream
|
|
|
|
.B ldd
|
|
|
|
implementation did this for example,
|
|
|
|
although most distributions provided a modified version that did not.)
|
|
|
|
.PP
|
2012-07-16 16:29:44 +00:00
|
|
|
Thus, you should
|
|
|
|
.I never
|
|
|
|
employ
|
|
|
|
.B ldd
|
|
|
|
on an untrusted executable,
|
|
|
|
since this may result in the execution of arbitrary code.
|
|
|
|
A safer alternative when dealing with untrusted executables is:
|
2017-08-15 13:59:25 +00:00
|
|
|
.PP
|
|
|
|
.in +4n
|
|
|
|
.EX
|
|
|
|
$ \fBobjdump \-p /path/to/program | grep NEEDED\fP
|
|
|
|
.EE
|
|
|
|
.in
|
|
|
|
.PP
|
2017-05-13 18:39:16 +00:00
|
|
|
Note, however, that this alternative shows only the direct dependencies
|
|
|
|
of the executable, while
|
|
|
|
.B ldd
|
|
|
|
shows the entire dependency tree of the executable.
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.SH OPTIONS
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
2005-10-04 12:49:58 +00:00
|
|
|
.B \-\-version
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
Print the version number of
|
|
|
|
.BR ldd .
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
2015-04-18 12:47:33 +00:00
|
|
|
.BR \-v ", " \-\-verbose
|
2007-06-08 11:56:22 +00:00
|
|
|
Print all information, including, for example,
|
|
|
|
symbol versioning information.
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.TP
|
2015-04-18 12:47:33 +00:00
|
|
|
.BR \-u ", " \-\-unused
|
2006-07-12 10:41:40 +00:00
|
|
|
Print unused direct dependencies.
|
2006-09-18 11:46:25 +00:00
|
|
|
(Since glibc 2.3.4.)
|
2006-07-12 10:41:40 +00:00
|
|
|
.TP
|
2015-04-18 12:47:33 +00:00
|
|
|
.BR \-d ", " \-\-data\-relocs
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
Perform relocations and report any missing objects (ELF only).
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
2015-04-18 12:47:33 +00:00
|
|
|
.BR \-r ", " \-\-function\-relocs
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
Perform relocations for both data objects and functions, and
|
|
|
|
report any missing objects or functions (ELF only).
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.B \-\-help
|
|
|
|
Usage information.
|
2014-06-29 08:01:17 +00:00
|
|
|
.\" .SH NOTES
|
|
|
|
.\" The standard version of
|
|
|
|
.\" .B ldd
|
|
|
|
.\" comes with glibc2.
|
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|
|
.\" Libc5 came with an older version, still present
|
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|
.\" on some systems.
|
|
|
|
.\" The long options are not supported by the libc5 version.
|
|
|
|
.\" On the other hand, the glibc2 version does not support
|
|
|
|
.\" .B \-V
|
|
|
|
.\" and only has the equivalent
|
|
|
|
.\" .BR \-\-version .
|
|
|
|
.\" .LP
|
|
|
|
.\" The libc5 version of this program will use the name of a library given
|
|
|
|
.\" on the command line as-is when it contains a \(aq/\(aq; otherwise it
|
|
|
|
.\" searches for the library in the standard locations.
|
|
|
|
.\" To run it
|
|
|
|
.\" on a shared library in the current directory, prefix the name with "./".
|
2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
|
|
|
.SH BUGS
|
|
|
|
.B ldd
|
|
|
|
does not work on a.out shared libraries.
|
|
|
|
.PP
|
|
|
|
.B ldd
|
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does not work with some extremely old a.out programs which were
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built before
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.B ldd
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support was added to the compiler releases.
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If you use
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.B ldd
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on one of these programs, the program will attempt to run with
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2013-06-08 04:48:01 +00:00
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.I argc
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= 0 and the results will be unpredictable.
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.\" .SH AUTHOR
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.\" David Engel.
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.\" Roland McGrath and Ulrich Drepper.
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.SH SEE ALSO
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2014-06-09 10:19:42 +00:00
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.BR pldd (1),
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2015-03-08 02:19:54 +00:00
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.BR sprof (1),
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2004-11-03 13:51:07 +00:00
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.BR ld.so (8),
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.BR ldconfig (8)
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