man-pages/man2/syscalls.2

.\" Copyright (C) 1998 Andries Brouwer (aeb@cwi.nl)
.\" Modifications for 2.2 and 2.4 Copyright (C) 2002 Ian Redfern
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.TH SYSCALLS 2 2002-01-07 "Linux" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
.SH NAME
none \- list of all system calls
.SH SYNOPSIS
Linux 2.4 system calls.
.SH DESCRIPTION
The system call is the fundamental interface between an application
and the Linux kernel.
As of Linux 2.4.17, there are 1100 system calls
listed in
.IR /usr/src/linux/include/asm-*/unistd.h .
This man page lists those that are common to most platforms.

_llseek(2),
_newselect(2),
_sysctl(2),
accept(2),
access(2),
acct(2),
adjtimex(2),
afs_syscall,
alarm(2),
bdflush(2),
bind(2),
break,
brk(2),
cacheflush(2),
capget(2),
capset(2),
chdir(2),
chmod(2),
chown(2), chown32,
chroot(2),
clone(2),
close(2),
connect(2),
creat(2),
create_module(2),
delete_module(2),
dup(2),
dup2(2),
execve(2),
exit(2),
fchdir(2),
fchmod(2),
fchown(2), fchown32,
fcntl(2), fcntl64,
fdatasync(2),
flock(2),
fork(2),
fstat(2), fstat64,
fstatfs(2),
fsync(2),
ftime,
ftruncate(2), ftruncate64,
get\%_kernel\%_syms(2),
get\%cwd(2),
get\%dents(2), get\%dents64,
get\%egid(2), get\%egid32,
get\%euid(2), get\%euid32,
get\%gid(2), get\%gid32,
get\%groups(2), get\%groups32,
get\%itimer(2),
get\%pagesize(2),
get\%peername(2),
get\%pmsg,
get\%pgid(2),
get\%pgrp(2),
get\%pid(2),
get\%ppid(2),
get\%priority(2),
get\%resgid(2), get\%resgid32,
get\%resuid(2), get\%resuid32,
get\%rlimit(2),
get\%rusage(2),
get\%sid(2),
get\%sockname(2),
get\%sockopt(2),
get\%tid,
get\%timeofday(2),
get\%uid(2), get\%uid32,
gtty,
idle,
init_module(2),
ioctl(2),
io\%perm(2),
iopl(2),
ipc(2),
kill(2),
lchown(2), lchown32,
link(2),
listen(2),
lock,
lseek(2),
lstat(2), lstat64,
madvise(2),
mincore(2),
mkdir(2),
mknod(2),
mlock(2),
mlockall(2),
mmap(2),
modify_ldt(2),
mount(2),
mprotect(2),
mpx,
mremap(2),
msync(2),
munlock(2),
munlockall(2),
munmap(2),
nanosleep(2),
nfsservctl(2),
nice(2),
oldfstat, oldlstat, oldolduname, oldstat, oldumount, olduname,
open(2),
pause(2),
personality(2),
phys,
pipe(2),
pivot_root(2),
poll(2),
prctl(2),
pread(2),
prof, profil,
ptrace(2),
putpmsg,
pwrite(2),
query_module(2),
quotactl(2),
read(2),
readahead,
readdir(2),
readlink(2),
readv(2),
reboot(2),
recv(2), recvfrom(2), recvmsg(2),
rename(2),
rmdir(2),
rt_sigaction,
rt_sigpending,
rt_sigprocmask,
rt_sigqueueinfo,
rt_sigreturn,
rt_sigsuspend,
rt_sigtimedwait,
sched_\%get_\%priority_max(2),
sched_\%get_\%priority_min(2),
sched_\%get\%param(2),
sched_\%get\%scheduler(2),
sched_\%rr_\%get_\%interval(2),
sched_\%set\%param(2),
sched_\%set\%scheduler(2),
sched_\%yield(2),
security,
select(2),
sendfile(2),
send(2), sendmsg(2), sendto(2),
set\%domainname(2),
set\%fsgid(2), set\%fsgid32,
set\%fsuid(2), set\%fsuid32,
set\%gid(2), set\%gid32,
set\%groups(2), set\%groups32,
set\%hostname(2),
set\%itimer(2),
set\%pgid(2),
set\%priority(2),
set\%regid(2), set\%regid32,
set\%resgid(2), set\%resgid32,
set\%resuid(2), set\%resuid32,
set\%reuid(2), set\%reuid32,
set\%rlimit(2),
set\%sid(2),
set\%sockopt(2),
set\%timeofday(2),
set\%uid(2), set\%uid32,
setup(2),
sgetmask(2),
shutdown(2),
sigaction(2),
sigaltstack(2),
signal(2),
sigpending(2),
sigprocmask(2),
sigreturn(2),
sigsuspend(2),
socket(2),
socketcall(2),
socketpair(2),
ssetmask(2),
stat(2), stat64,
statfs(2),
stime(2),
stty,
swapoff(2),
swapon(2),
symlink(2),
sync(2),
sysfs(2),
sysinfo(2),
syslog(2),
time(2),
times(2),
truncate(2), truncate64,
ulimit,
umask(2),
umount(2),
uname(2),
unlink(2),
uselib(2),
ustat(2),
utime(2),
vfork(2),
vhangup(2),
vm86(2),
vm86old,
wait4(2),
waitpid(2),
write(2),
writev(2).

Of the above, 9 are obsolete, namely
getrlimit, oldfstat, oldlstat, oldolduname, oldstat, olduname,
readdir, select and vm86old
(see also
.BR obsolete (2)),
and 15 are unimplemented in the standard kernel, namely
afs_syscall, break, ftime, getpmsg, gtty, idle, lock, mpx, phys,
prof, profil, putpmsg, security, stty and ulimit (see also
.BR unimplemented (2)).
However,
.BR ftime (3),
.BR profil (3)
and
.BR ulimit (3)
exist as library routines.
The slot for phys is in use since 2.1.116 for umount;
phys will never be implemented.
The getpmsg and putpmsg calls are for
kernels patched to support streams, and may never be in the standard
kernel.
The security call is for future use.

Roughly speaking, the code belonging to the system call
with number __NR_xxx defined in
.I /usr/include/asm/unistd.h
can be found in the kernel source in the routine
.IR sys_xxx ().
(The dispatch table for i386 can be found in
.IR /usr/src/linux/arch/i386/kernel/entry.S .)
There are many exceptions, however, mostly because
older system calls were superseded by newer ones,
and this has been treated somewhat unsystematically.
On platforms with
proprietary OS emulation, such as parisc, sparc, sparc64 and alpha,
there are many additional system calls; mips64 also contains a full
set of 32-bit system calls.
Below the details for Linux 2.4.17.

The defines __NR_oldstat and __NR_stat refer to the routines
sys_stat() and sys_newstat(), and similarly for
.I fstat
and
.IR lstat .
Similarly, the defines __NR_oldolduname, __NR_olduname and
__NR_uname refer to the routines sys_olduname(), sys_uname()
and sys_newuname().
Thus, __NR_stat and __NR_uname have always referred to the latest
version of the system call, and the older ones are for backward
compatibility.

It is different with
.I select
and
.IR mmap .
These use five or more parameters, and caused problems the way
parameter passing on the i386 used to be set up.
Thus, while
other architectures have sys_select() and sys_mmap() corresponding
to __NR_select and __NR_mmap, on i386 one finds old_select()
and old_mmap() (routines that use a pointer to a
parameter block) instead.
These days passing five parameters
is not a problem any more, and there is a __NR__newselect (used by
libc 6) that corresponds directly to sys_select() and similarly __NR_mmap2.

Two other system call numbers, __NR__llseek and __NR__sysctl
have an additional underscore absent in sys_llseek() and sys_sysctl().

Then there is __NR_readdir corresponding to old_readdir(),
which will read at most one directory entry at a time, and is
superseded by sys_getdents().

On many platforms, including i386, socket calls are all multiplexed
through socketcall() and System V IPC calls through ipc().

On newer platforms that only have 64-bit file access and 32-bit uids
(e.g., alpha, ia64, s390x) there are no *64 or *32 calls.
Where the *64
and *32 calls exist, the other versions are obsolete.

The chown and lchown system calls were swapped in 2.1.81.
The *64 and
*32 calls were added for kernel 2.4, as were the new versions of
getrlimit and mmap, and the new calls pivot_root, mincore, madvise,
security, gettid and readahead.