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#LyX 2.1 created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/
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\begin_layout Title
Package Management Basics: apt, yum, dnf, pkg
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\begin_layout Section
Introduction
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Why was this document written?
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Most modern Unix-like operating systems offer a centralized mechanism for
finding and installing software.
Software is usually distributed in the form of
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\end_inset
packages, kept in
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\end_inset
repositories.
Working with packages is known as
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
package management.
Packages provide the basic components of an operating system, along with
shared libraries, applications, services, and documentation.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
A package management system does much more than one-time installation of
software.
It also provides tools for upgrading already-installed packages.
Package repositories help to ensure that code has been vetted for use on
your system, and that the installed versions of software have been approved
by developers and package maintainers.
\end_layout
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When configuring servers or development environments, it's often necessary
look beyond official repositories.
Packages in the stable release of a distribution may be out of date, especially
where new or rapidly-changing software is concerned.
Nevertheless, package management is a vital skill for system administrators
and developers, and the wealth of packaged software for major distributions
is a tremendous resource.
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This guide is intended as a quick reference for the fundamentals of finding,
installing, and upgrading packages on a variety of distributions, and should
help you translate that knowledge between systems.
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\begin_layout Subsection
Audience
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For those new to Linux who need a basic understanding of package management.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
Original version of this doc
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The original version of this guide can be found at
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name "Digital Ocean"
target "https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/package-management-basics-apt-yum-dnf-pkg"
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.
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Revision History
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15.1.2016
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v1.0 converted and edited for TLDP
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Jason Evans
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Contributions
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(original author).
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(editor and maintainer for TLDP)
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Feedback
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Copyright information
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This work is licensed under a
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What do you need?
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This guide covers Debian, Ubuntu, CentOS, Fedora, and FreeBSD and will require
one of those distributions to be installed
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Package Management Systems: A Brief Overview
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Most package systems are built around collections of package files.
A package file is usually an archive which contains compiled binaries and
other resources making up the software, along with installation scripts.
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dependencies, a list of other packages required to install and run them.
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While their functionality and benefits are broadly similar, packaging formats
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.deb
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apt, apt-cache, apt-get, dpkg
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dpkg
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pkg
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pkg, but occasionally a pre-compiled package is unavailable, or you may
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Update Package Lists
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Upgrade Installed Packages
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/usr/ports/UPDATING
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before upgrading with
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portmaster.
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Only upgrades installed packages, where possible.
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May add or remove packages to satisfy new dependencies.
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CentOS
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sudo yum update
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Fedora
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sudo dnf upgrade
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FreeBSD Packages
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sudo pkg upgrade
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FreeBSD Ports
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less /usr/ports/UPDATING
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Uses
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\end_inset
less
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
to view update notes for ports (use arrow keys to scroll, pressq
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\end_inset
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cd /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/portmaster && sudo make install && sudo portmaster
-a
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Installs
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portmaster
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and uses it to update installed ports.
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Find a Package
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Most distributions offer a graphical or menu-driven front end to package
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dnf search
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
dnf search all
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
search_string
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Searches all fields, including description.
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
FreeBSD Packages
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
pkg search
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
search_string
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Searches by name.
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
pkg search -f
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
search_string
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Searches by name, returning full descriptions.
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
pkg search -D
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
search_string
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Searches description.
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
FreeBSD Ports
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
cd /usr/ports && make search name=package
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Searches by name.
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
cd /usr/ports && make search key=search_string
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Searches comments, descriptions, and dependencies.
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
</lyxtabular>
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
View Info About a Specific Package
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
When deciding what to install, it's often helpful to read detailed descriptions
of packages.
Along with human-readable text, these often include metadata like version
numbers and a list of the package's dependencies.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="9" columns="3">
<features rotate="0" booktabs="true" islongtable="true" longtabularalignment="center">
<column alignment="none" valignment="top" special="@{}l">
<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
<column alignment="none" valignment="top" special="l@{}">
<row endhead="true">
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
System
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Command
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Notes
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Debian / Ubuntu
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
apt-cache show
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
package
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Shows locally-cached info about a package.
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
dpkg -s
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
package
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Shows the current installed status of a package.
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
CentOS
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
yum info
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
package
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
yum deplist
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
package
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Lists dependencies for a package.
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Fedora
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
dnf info
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
package
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
dnf repoquery -
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
/
\end_layout
\end_inset
-requires
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
package
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Lists dependencies for a package.
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
FreeBSD Packages
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
pkg info
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
package
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Shows info for an installed package.
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
FreeBSD Ports
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
cd /usr/ports/category/port
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
&& cat pkg-descr
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
</lyxtabular>
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
Install a Package from Repositories
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
Once you know the name of a package, you can usually install it and its
dependencies with a single command.
In general, you can supply multiple packages to install simply by listing
them all.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="13" columns="3">
<features rotate="0" booktabs="true" islongtable="true" longtabularalignment="center">
<column alignment="none" valignment="top" special="@{}l">
<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
<column alignment="none" valignment="top" special="l@{}">
<row endhead="true">
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
System
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Command
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Notes
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Debian / Ubuntu
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
sudo apt-get install
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
package
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
sudo apt-get install
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
package1 package2 ...
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Installs all listed packages.
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
sudo apt-get install -y
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
package
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Assumes "yes" where
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
apt
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
would usually prompt to continue.
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
CentOS
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
sudo yum install
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
package
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
sudo yum install
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
package1 package2 ...
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Installs all listed packages.
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
sudo yum install -y
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
package
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Assumes "yes" where
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
yum
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
would usually prompt to continue.
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Fedora
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
sudo dnf install
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
package
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
sudo dnf install
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
package1 package2 ...
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Installs all listed packages.
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
sudo dnf install -y
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
package
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Assumes "yes" where
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
dnf
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
would usually prompt to continue.
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
FreeBSD Packages
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
sudo pkg install
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
package
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
sudo pkg install
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
package1 package2 ...
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Installs all listed packages.
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
FreeBSD Ports
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
cd /usr/ports/category/port
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
&& sudo make install
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Builds and installs a port from source.
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
</lyxtabular>
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
Install a Package from the Local Filesystem
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
Sometimes, even though software isn't officially packaged for a given operating
system, a developer or vendor will offer package files for download.
You can usually retrieve these with your web browser, or viacurl
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
on the command line.
Once a package is on the target system, it can often be installed with
a single command.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
On Debian-derived systems,
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
dpkg
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
handles individual package files.
If a package has unmet dependencies,
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
gdebi
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
can often be used to retrieve them from official repositories.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
On CentOS and Fedora systems,
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
yum
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
and
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
dnf
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
are used to install individual files, and will also handle needed dependencies.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="7" columns="3">
<features rotate="0" booktabs="true" islongtable="true" longtabularalignment="center">
<column alignment="none" valignment="top" special="@{}l">
<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
<column alignment="none" valignment="top" special="l@{}">
<row endhead="true">
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
System
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Command
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Notes
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Debian / Ubuntu
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
sudo dpkg -i
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
package.deb
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
sudo apt-get install -ygdebi && sudo gdebipackage.deb
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Installs and uses gdebi to install package.deb and retrieve any missing dependenc
ies.
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
CentOS
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
sudo yum install
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
package.rpm
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Fedora
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
sudo dnf install
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
package.rpm
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
FreeBSD Packages
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
sudo pkg add
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
package.txz
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
sudo pkg add -f
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
package.txz
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Installs package even if already installed.
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
</lyxtabular>
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
Remove One or More Installed Packages
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
Since a package manager knows what files are provided by a given package,
it can usually remove them cleanly from a system if the software is no
longer needed.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="9" columns="3">
<features rotate="0" booktabs="true" islongtable="true" longtabularalignment="center">
<column alignment="none" valignment="top" special="@{}l">
<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
<column alignment="none" valignment="top" special="l@{}">
<row endhead="true">
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
System
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Command
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Notes
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Debian / Ubuntu
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
sudo apt-get remove
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
package
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
sudo apt-get autoremove
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Removes unneeded packages.
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
CentOS
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
sudo yum remove
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
package
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Fedora
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
sudo dnf erase
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
package
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
FreeBSD Packages
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
sudo pkg delete
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
package
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
sudo pkg autoremove
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Removes unneeded packages.
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
FreeBSD Ports
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
sudo pkg delete
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
package
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
cd /usr/ports/path_to_port
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
&& make deinstall
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
De-installs an installed port.
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
</lyxtabular>
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
Get Help
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
In addition to web-based documentation, keep in mind that Unix manual pages
(usually referred to as
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
man pages) are available for most commands from the shell.
To read a page, use man:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Code
$ man page
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
In
\begin_inset space \space{}
\end_inset
man, you can navigate with the arrow keys.
Press / to search for text within the page, and q to quit.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="8" columns="3">
<features rotate="0" booktabs="true" islongtable="true" longtabularalignment="center">
<column alignment="none" valignment="top" special="@{}l">
<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
<column alignment="none" valignment="top" special="l@{}">
<row endhead="true">
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
System
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Command
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Notes
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Debian / Ubuntu
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
man apt-get
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Updating the local package database and working with packages.
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
man apt-cache
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Querying the local package database.
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
man dpkg
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Working with individual package files and querying installed packages.
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
CentOS
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
man yum
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Fedora
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
man dnf
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
FreeBSD Packages
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
man pkg
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Working with pre-compiled binary packages.
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
FreeBSD Ports
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
man ports
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Working with the Ports Collection.
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
</lyxtabular>
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
Conclusion and Further Reading
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
This guide provides an overview of basic operations that can be cross-referenced
between systems, but only scratches the surface of a complex topic.
For greater detail on a given system, you can consult the following resources:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "This guide"
target "https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/ubuntu-and-debian-package-management-essentials"
\end_inset
covers Ubuntu and Debian package management in detail.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
There's an
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "official CentOS guide to managing software with~"
target "https://www.centos.org/docs/5/html/yum/"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "yum"
target "https://www.centos.org/docs/5/html/yum/"
\end_inset
.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
There's a
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "Fedora wiki page about~"
target "https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Dnf"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "dnf"
target "https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Dnf"
\end_inset
, and an
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "official manual for~"
target "https://dnf.readthedocs.org/en/latest/index.html"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "dnf"
target "https://dnf.readthedocs.org/en/latest/index.html"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "~itself"
target "https://dnf.readthedocs.org/en/latest/index.html"
\end_inset
.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "This guide"
target "https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-manage-packages-on-freebsd-10-1-with-pkg"
\end_inset
covers FreeBSD package management using pkg.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
The
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "FreeBSD Handbook"
target "https://www.freebsd.org/doc/handbook/"
\end_inset
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
contains a
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "section on using the Ports Collection"
target "https://www.freebsd.org/doc/handbook/ports-using.html"
\end_inset
.
\end_layout
\end_body
\end_document
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