#LyX 2.1 created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/
\lyxformat 474
\begin_document
\begin_header
\textclass docbook
\use_default_options false
\maintain_unincluded_children false
\language english
\language_package none
\inputencoding auto
\fontencoding default
\font_roman default
\font_sans default
\font_typewriter default
\font_math auto
\font_default_family default
\use_non_tex_fonts false
\font_sc false
\font_osf false
\font_sf_scale 100
\font_tt_scale 100
\graphics default
\default_output_format default
\output_sync 0
\bibtex_command default
\index_command default
\paperfontsize default
\spacing single
\use_hyperref false
\papersize default
\use_geometry false
\use_package amsmath 1
\use_package amssymb 0
\use_package cancel 0
\use_package esint 1
\use_package mathdots 0
\use_package mathtools 0
\use_package mhchem 0
\use_package stackrel 0
\use_package stmaryrd 0
\use_package undertilde 0
\cite_engine basic
\cite_engine_type default
\biblio_style plain
\use_bibtopic false
\use_indices false
\paperorientation portrait
\suppress_date false
\justification true
\use_refstyle 0
\index Index
\shortcut idx
\color #008000
\end_index
\secnumdepth 3
\tocdepth 3
\paragraph_separation indent
\paragraph_indentation default
\quotes_language english
\papercolumns 1
\papersides 1
\paperpagestyle default
\tracking_changes false
\output_changes false
\html_math_output 0
\html_css_as_file 0
\html_be_strict false
\end_header

\begin_body

\begin_layout Title
Package Management Basics: apt, yum, dnf, pkg
\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
Introduction
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Why was this document written?
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Most modern Unix-like operating systems offer a centralized mechanism for
 finding and installing software.
 Software is usually distributed in the form of
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

packages, kept in
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

repositories.
 Working with packages is known as
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

package management.
 Packages provide the basic components of an operating system, along with
 shared libraries, applications, services, and documentation.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
A package management system does much more than one-time installation of
 software.
 It also provides tools for upgrading already-installed packages.
 Package repositories help to ensure that code has been vetted for use on
 your system, and that the installed versions of software have been approved
 by developers and package maintainers.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
When configuring servers or development environments, it's often necessary
 look beyond official repositories.
 Packages in the stable release of a distribution may be out of date, especially
 where new or rapidly-changing software is concerned.
 Nevertheless, package management is a vital skill for system administrators
 and developers, and the wealth of packaged software for major distributions
 is a tremendous resource.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
This guide is intended as a quick reference for the fundamentals of finding,
 installing, and upgrading packages on a variety of distributions, and should
 help you translate that knowledge between systems.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Audience
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
For those new to Linux who need a basic understanding of package management.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Original version of this doc
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
The original version of this guide can be found at 
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "Digital Ocean"
target "https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/package-management-basics-apt-yum-dnf-pkg"

\end_inset

.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Revision History
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="1" columns="3">
<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
15.1.2016
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
v1.0 converted and edited for TLDP
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Jason Evans
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
</lyxtabular>

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Contributions
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "Brennen Bearnes"
target "https://www.digitalocean.com/community/users/bpb"

\end_inset

(original author).
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "Jason Evans"
target "http://wiki.tldp.org/Jason%20Evans"

\end_inset

(editor and maintainer for TLDP)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Feedback
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Missing information, missing links, missing characters? Mail it to the maintaine
r of this document: 
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "jsevans at youvegotthe.info"
target "jsevans at youvegotthe.info"
type "mailto:"

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Copyright information
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
This work is licensed under a 
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License"
target "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/"

\end_inset

.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
What do you need?
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
This guide covers Debian, Ubuntu, CentOS, Fedora, and FreeBSD and will require
 one of those distributions to be installed
\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
Package Management Systems: A Brief Overview
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Most package systems are built around collections of package files.
 A package file is usually an archive which contains compiled binaries and
 other resources making up the software, along with installation scripts.
 Packages also contain valuable metadata, including their
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

dependencies, a list of other packages required to install and run them.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
While their functionality and benefits are broadly similar, packaging formats
 and tools vary by platform:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="6" columns="3">
<features rotate="0" booktabs="true" islongtable="true" longtabularalignment="center">
<column alignment="none" valignment="top" special="@{}l">
<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
<column alignment="none" valignment="top" special="l@{}">
<row endhead="true">
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Operating System 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Format 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Tool(s)
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Debian 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
.deb 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
apt, apt-cache, apt-get, dpkg
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Ubuntu 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
.deb 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
apt, apt-cache, apt-get, dpkg
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
CentOS 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
.rpm 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
yum
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Fedora 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
.rpm 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
dnf
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
FreeBSD 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Ports,
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

.txz 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
make, pkg
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
</lyxtabular>

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
In Debian and systems based on it, like Ubuntu, Linux Mint, and Raspbian,
 the package format is the
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

.debfile.
 APT, the Advanced Packaging Tool, provides commands used for most common
 operations: Searching repositories, installing collections of packages
 and their dependencies, and managing upgrades.
 APT commands operate as a front-end to the lower-level
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

dpkg
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

utility, which handles the installation of individual
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

.deb
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

files on the local system, and is sometimes invoked directly.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
CentOS, Fedora, and other members of the Red Hat family use RPM files.
 In CentOS,
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

yum
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

is used to interact with both individual package files and repositories.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
In recent versions of Fedora,
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

yum
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

has been supplanted by
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

dnf, a modernized fork which retains most ofyum's interface.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
FreeBSD's binary package system is administered with the
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

pkg
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

command.
 FreeBSD also offers the Ports Collection, a local directory structure and
 tools which allow the user to fetch, compile, and install packages directly
 from source using Makefiles.
 It's usually much more convenient to use
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

pkg, but occasionally a pre-compiled package is unavailable, or you may
 need to change compile-time options.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Update Package Lists
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Most systems keep a local database of the packages available from remote
 repositories.
 It's best to update this database before installing or upgrading packages.
 As a partial exception to this pattern,
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

yumand
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

dnf
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

will check for updates before performing some operations, but you can ask
 them at any time whether updates are available.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="6" columns="2">
<features rotate="0" booktabs="true" islongtable="true" longtabularalignment="center">
<column alignment="none" valignment="top" special="@{}l">
<column alignment="none" valignment="top" special="l@{}">
<row endhead="true">
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
System 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Command
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Debian / Ubuntu 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
sudo apt-get update
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
CentOS 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
yum check-update
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Fedora 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
dnf check-update
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
FreeBSD Packages 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
sudo pkg update
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
FreeBSD Ports 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
sudo portsnap fetch update
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
</lyxtabular>

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Upgrade Installed Packages
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Making sure that all of the installed software on a machine stays up to
 date would be an enormous undertaking without a package system.
 You would have to track upstream changes and security alerts for hundreds
 of different packages.
 While a package manager doesn't solve every problem you'll encounter when
 upgrading software, it does enable you to maintain most system components
 with a few commands.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
On FreeBSD, upgrading installed ports can introduce breaking changes or
 require manual configuration steps.
 It's best to read
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

/usr/ports/UPDATING
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

before upgrading with
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

portmaster.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="8" columns="3">
<features rotate="0" booktabs="true" islongtable="true" longtabularalignment="center">
<column alignment="none" valignment="top" special="@{}l">
<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
<column alignment="none" valignment="top" special="l@{}">
<row endhead="true">
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
System 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Command 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Notes
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Debian / Ubuntu 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
sudo apt-get upgrade 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Only upgrades installed packages, where possible.
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
May add or remove packages to satisfy new dependencies.
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
CentOS 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
sudo yum update 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Fedora 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
sudo dnf upgrade 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
FreeBSD Packages 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
sudo pkg upgrade 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
FreeBSD Ports 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
less /usr/ports/UPDATING 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Uses
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

less
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

to view update notes for ports (use arrow keys to scroll, pressq
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

to quit).
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
cd /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/portmaster && sudo make install && sudo portmaster
 -a 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Installs
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

portmaster
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

and uses it to update installed ports.
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
</lyxtabular>

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Find a Package
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Most distributions offer a graphical or menu-driven front end to package
 collections.
 These can be a good way to browse by category and discover new software.
 Often, however, the quickest and most effective way to locate a package
 is to search with command-line tools.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="11" columns="3">
<features rotate="0" booktabs="true" islongtable="true" longtabularalignment="center">
<column alignment="none" valignment="top" special="@{}l">
<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
<column alignment="none" valignment="top" special="l@{}">
<row endhead="true">
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
System 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Command 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Notes
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Debian / Ubuntu 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
apt-cache search
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

search_string 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
CentOS 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
yum search
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

search_string 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
yum search all
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

search_string 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Searches all fields, including description.
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Fedora 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
dnf search
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

search_string 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
dnf search all
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

search_string 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Searches all fields, including description.
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
FreeBSD Packages 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
pkg search
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

search_string 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Searches by name.
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
pkg search -f
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

search_string 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Searches by name, returning full descriptions.
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
pkg search -D
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

search_string 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Searches description.
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
FreeBSD Ports 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
cd /usr/ports && make search name=package 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Searches by name.
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
cd /usr/ports && make search key=search_string 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Searches comments, descriptions, and dependencies.
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
</lyxtabular>

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
View Info About a Specific Package
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
When deciding what to install, it's often helpful to read detailed descriptions
 of packages.
 Along with human-readable text, these often include metadata like version
 numbers and a list of the package's dependencies.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="9" columns="3">
<features rotate="0" booktabs="true" islongtable="true" longtabularalignment="center">
<column alignment="none" valignment="top" special="@{}l">
<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
<column alignment="none" valignment="top" special="l@{}">
<row endhead="true">
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
System 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Command 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Notes
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Debian / Ubuntu 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
apt-cache show
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

package 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Shows locally-cached info about a package.
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
dpkg -s
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

package 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Shows the current installed status of a package.
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
CentOS 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
yum info
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

package 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
yum deplist
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

package 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Lists dependencies for a package.
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Fedora 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
dnf info
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

package 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
dnf repoquery -
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed

\begin_layout Plain Layout


\backslash
/
\end_layout

\end_inset

-requires
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

package 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Lists dependencies for a package.
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
FreeBSD Packages 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
pkg info
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

package 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Shows info for an installed package.
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
FreeBSD Ports 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
cd /usr/ports/category/port
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

&& cat pkg-descr 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
</lyxtabular>

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Install a Package from Repositories
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Once you know the name of a package, you can usually install it and its
 dependencies with a single command.
 In general, you can supply multiple packages to install simply by listing
 them all.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="13" columns="3">
<features rotate="0" booktabs="true" islongtable="true" longtabularalignment="center">
<column alignment="none" valignment="top" special="@{}l">
<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
<column alignment="none" valignment="top" special="l@{}">
<row endhead="true">
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
System 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Command 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Notes
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Debian / Ubuntu 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
sudo apt-get install
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

package 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
sudo apt-get install
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

package1 package2 ...
 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Installs all listed packages.
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
sudo apt-get install -y
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

package 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Assumes "yes" where
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

apt
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

would usually prompt to continue.
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
CentOS 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
sudo yum install
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

package 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
sudo yum install
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

package1 package2 ...
 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Installs all listed packages.
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
sudo yum install -y
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

package 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Assumes "yes" where
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

yum
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

would usually prompt to continue.
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Fedora 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
sudo dnf install
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

package 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
sudo dnf install
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

package1 package2 ...
 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Installs all listed packages.
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
sudo dnf install -y
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

package 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Assumes "yes" where
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

dnf
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

would usually prompt to continue.
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
FreeBSD Packages 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
sudo pkg install
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

package 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
sudo pkg install
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

package1 package2 ...
 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Installs all listed packages.
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
FreeBSD Ports 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
cd /usr/ports/category/port
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

&& sudo make install 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Builds and installs a port from source.
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
</lyxtabular>

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Install a Package from the Local Filesystem
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Sometimes, even though software isn't officially packaged for a given operating
 system, a developer or vendor will offer package files for download.
 You can usually retrieve these with your web browser, or viacurl
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

on the command line.
 Once a package is on the target system, it can often be installed with
 a single command.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
On Debian-derived systems,
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

dpkg
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

handles individual package files.
 If a package has unmet dependencies,
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

gdebi
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

can often be used to retrieve them from official repositories.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
On CentOS and Fedora systems,
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

yum
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

and
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

dnf
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

are used to install individual files, and will also handle needed dependencies.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="7" columns="3">
<features rotate="0" booktabs="true" islongtable="true" longtabularalignment="center">
<column alignment="none" valignment="top" special="@{}l">
<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
<column alignment="none" valignment="top" special="l@{}">
<row endhead="true">
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
System 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Command 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Notes
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Debian / Ubuntu 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
sudo dpkg -i
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

package.deb 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
sudo apt-get install -ygdebi && sudo gdebipackage.deb 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Installs and uses gdebi to install package.deb and retrieve any missing dependenc
ies.
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
CentOS 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
sudo yum install
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

package.rpm 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Fedora 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
sudo dnf install
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

package.rpm 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
FreeBSD Packages 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
sudo pkg add
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

package.txz 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
sudo pkg add -f
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

package.txz 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Installs package even if already installed.
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
</lyxtabular>

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Remove One or More Installed Packages
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Since a package manager knows what files are provided by a given package,
 it can usually remove them cleanly from a system if the software is no
 longer needed.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="9" columns="3">
<features rotate="0" booktabs="true" islongtable="true" longtabularalignment="center">
<column alignment="none" valignment="top" special="@{}l">
<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
<column alignment="none" valignment="top" special="l@{}">
<row endhead="true">
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
System 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Command 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Notes
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Debian / Ubuntu 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
sudo apt-get remove
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

package 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
sudo apt-get autoremove 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Removes unneeded packages.
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
CentOS 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
sudo yum remove
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

package 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Fedora 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
sudo dnf erase
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

package 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
FreeBSD Packages 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
sudo pkg delete
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

package 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
sudo pkg autoremove 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Removes unneeded packages.
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
FreeBSD Ports 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
sudo pkg delete
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

package 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
cd /usr/ports/path_to_port
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

&& make deinstall 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
De-installs an installed port.
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
</lyxtabular>

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Get Help
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
In addition to web-based documentation, keep in mind that Unix manual pages
 (usually referred to as
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

man pages) are available for most commands from the shell.
 To read a page, use man:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Code
$ man page
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
In
\begin_inset space \space{}
\end_inset

man, you can navigate with the arrow keys.
 Press / to search for text within the page, and q to quit.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="8" columns="3">
<features rotate="0" booktabs="true" islongtable="true" longtabularalignment="center">
<column alignment="none" valignment="top" special="@{}l">
<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
<column alignment="none" valignment="top" special="l@{}">
<row endhead="true">
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
System 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Command 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Notes
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Debian / Ubuntu 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
man apt-get 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Updating the local package database and working with packages.
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
man apt-cache 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Querying the local package database.
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
man dpkg 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Working with individual package files and querying installed packages.
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
CentOS 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
man yum 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Fedora 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
man dnf 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout

\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
FreeBSD Packages 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
man pkg 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Working with pre-compiled binary packages.
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
FreeBSD Ports 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
man ports 
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Working with the Ports Collection.
\end_layout

\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
</lyxtabular>

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
Conclusion and Further Reading
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
This guide provides an overview of basic operations that can be cross-referenced
 between systems, but only scratches the surface of a complex topic.
 For greater detail on a given system, you can consult the following resources:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "This   guide"
target "https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/ubuntu-and-debian-package-management-essentials"

\end_inset

 covers Ubuntu and Debian package management in detail.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
There's an 
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "official   CentOS guide to managing software   with~"
target "https://www.centos.org/docs/5/html/yum/"

\end_inset


\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "yum"
target "https://www.centos.org/docs/5/html/yum/"

\end_inset

.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
There's a 
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "Fedora wiki page   about~"
target "https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Dnf"

\end_inset


\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "dnf"
target "https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Dnf"

\end_inset

, and an 
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "official   manual   for~"
target "https://dnf.readthedocs.org/en/latest/index.html"

\end_inset


\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "dnf"
target "https://dnf.readthedocs.org/en/latest/index.html"

\end_inset


\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "~itself"
target "https://dnf.readthedocs.org/en/latest/index.html"

\end_inset

.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "This   guide"
target "https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-manage-packages-on-freebsd-10-1-with-pkg"

\end_inset

 covers FreeBSD package management using pkg.
 
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
The 
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "FreeBSD   Handbook"
target "https://www.freebsd.org/doc/handbook/"

\end_inset


\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset

contains a
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset


\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "section   on using the Ports Collection"
target "https://www.freebsd.org/doc/handbook/ports-using.html"

\end_inset

.
 
\end_layout

\end_body
\end_document