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LDP/howto/linuxdoc/AI-Alife-HOWTO.sgml
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@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<title>GNU/Linux AI &amp; Alife HOWTO
<author>by <htmlurl url="mailto:jae@zhar.net" name="John Eikenberry">
<date>v2.0, 17 Feb 2004
<date>v2.1, 07 Aug 2004
<!-- hhmts start -->
<!-- hhmts end -->
@ -50,6 +50,14 @@ GNU/Linux specifically in mind.
<p>
<itemize>
<item>v2.1 - In progress.
New entries: <ref id="NLTK">, <ref id="NEURObjects">, <ref id="KANREN">,
<ref id="Neural Networks at your Fingertips">, <ref id="SimWorld">,
<ref id="SimAgent">, <ref id="Fuzzy sets for Ada">, <ref id="maxent">,
<ref id="Evo">, <ref id="breve"> and <ref id="AJA">
<item>v2.0 - Ran linkchecker and for any bad links I either found a new
link or removed the item. See the new section MIA for a list of the removed
entries (please let me know if you know of a new home for them).
@ -119,7 +127,7 @@ will find this document helpful.
<sect1>Copyright/License
<p>
Copyright (c) 1996-2000 John A. Eikenberry
Copyright (c) 1996-2004 John A. Eikenberry
LICENSE
@ -168,7 +176,8 @@ LICENSE
document available in source format.
<sect>Traditional Artificial Intelligence
<sect>Traditional Artificial Intelligence
<p>
Traditional AI is based around the ideas of logic, rule
systems, linguistics, and the concept of rationality. At its
@ -187,8 +196,6 @@ LICENSE
the artificial intelligence field. They are not meant as stand alone
applications, but rather as tools for building your own applications.
<descrip>
<label id="ACL2">
@ -325,6 +332,28 @@ LICENSE
61131-7 standard.
<label id="Fuzzy sets for Ada">
<tag/Fuzzy sets for Ada/
<itemize>
<item>Web site: <htmlurl
url="http://www.dmitry-kazakov.de/ada/fuzzy.htm"
name="www.dmitry-kazakov.de/ada/fuzzy.htm">
<item>Freshmeat: <htmlurl
url="http://freshmeat.net/projects/fuzzy/"
name="freshmeat.net/projects/fuzzy/">
</itemize>
Fuzzy sets for Ada is a library providing implementations of confidence
factors with the operations not, and, or, xor, +, and *, classical
fuzzy sets with the set-theoretic operations and the operations of the
possibility theory, intuitionistic fuzzy sets with the operations on
them, fuzzy logic based on the intuitionistic fuzzy sets and the
possibility theory; fuzzy numbers, both integer and floating-point with
conventional arithmetical operations, and linguistic variables and sets
of linguistic variables with operations on them. String-oriented I/O
is supported.
<label id="HTK">
<tag/HTK/
<itemize>
@ -369,6 +398,22 @@ LICENSE
Source and documentation available from link above.
<label id="KANREN">
<tag/KANREN/
<itemize>
<item>Web site: <htmlurl
url="http://kanren.sourceforge.net/"
name="kanren.sourceforge.net">
</itemize>
KANREN is a declarative logic programming system with first-class
relations, embedded in a pure functional subset of Scheme. The system
has a set-theoretical semantics, true unions, fair scheduling,
first-class relations, lexically-scoped logical variables, depth-first
and iterative deepening strategies. The system achieves high
performance and expressivity without cuts.
<label id="LK">
<tag/LK/
<itemize>
@ -388,6 +433,24 @@ LICENSE
heuristic more robust in the face of clustered data.
<label id="maxent">
<tag/maxent/
<itemize>
<item>Python/C++ version: <htmlurl
url="http://www.nlplab.cn/zhangle/software/maxent/"
name="www.nlplab.cn/zhangle/software/maxent/">
<item>Java version: <htmlurl
url="http://maxent.sourceforge.net/"
name="maxent.sourceforge.net">
</itemize>
The Maximum Entropy Toolkit provides a set of tools and library for
constructing maximum entropy (maxent) models in either Python or C++.
It features conditional maximum entropy models, L-BFGS and GIS
parameter estimation, Gaussian Prior smoothing, a C++ API, a Python
extension module, a command line utility, and good documentation.
<label id="Nyquist">
<tag/Nyquist/
<itemize>
@ -874,6 +937,30 @@ LICENSE
extending the knowledge base of NICOLE.
<label id="NLTK">
<tag/NLTK/
<itemize>
<item>Web site: <htmlurl
url="http://nltk.sourceforge.net/"
name="nltk.sourceforge.net">
</itemize>
NLTK, the Natural Language Toolkit, is a suite of Python libraries and
programs for symbolic and statistical natural language processing.
NLTK includes graphical demonstrations and sample data. It is
accompanied by extensive documentation, including tutorials that
explain the underlying concepts behind the language processing tasks
supported by the toolkit.
NLTK is ideally suited to students who are learning NLP (natural
language processing) or conducting research in NLP or closely related
areas, including empirical linguistics, cognitive science, artificial
intelligence, information retrieval, and machine learning. NLTK has
been used successfully as a teaching tool, as an individual study tool,
and as a platform for prototyping and building research systems.
<label id="Otter">
<tag/Otter: An Automated Deduction System/
<itemize>
@ -1013,7 +1100,8 @@ LICENSE
</descrip>
<sect>Connectionism
<sect>Connectionism
<p>
Connectionism is a technical term for a group of related
techniques. These techniques include areas such as Artificial
@ -1197,6 +1285,37 @@ LICENSE
neural network.
<label id="Neural Networks at your Fingertips">
<tag/Neural Networks at your Fingertips/
<itemize>
<item>Web site: <htmlurl
url="http://www.neural-networks-at-your-fingertips.com/"
name="www.neural-networks-at-your-fingertips.com">
</itemize>
A set of C packages that illustrate Adaline networks, back-propagation,
the Hopfield model, BAM, Boltzman, CPN, SOM, and ART1. Coded in
portable, self-contained ANSI C. With complete example applications
from a variety of well-known application domains.
<label id="NEURObjects">
<tag/NEURObjects/
<itemize>
<item>Web site: <htmlurl
url="http://www.disi.unige.it/person/ValentiniG/NEURObjects/"
name="www.disi.unige.it/person/ValentiniG/NEURObjects/">
</itemize>
NEURObjects is a set of C++ library classes for neural networks
development. The main goal of the library consists in supporting
researchers and practitioners in developing new neural network methods
and applications, exploiting the potentialities of object-oriented
design and programming. NEURObjects provides also general purpose
applications for classification problems and can be used for fast
prototyping of inductive machine learning applications.
<label id="Pulcinella">
<tag/Pulcinella/
<itemize>
@ -1302,13 +1421,13 @@ LICENSE
</itemize>
<label id="C++ ANNs">
<tag/Various (C++) Neural Networks/
<itemize>
<item>Web site: <htmlurl url="http://www.dontveter.com/nnsoft/nnsoft.html" name="www.dontveter.com/nnsoft/nnsoft.html">
<item>Web site: <htmlurl
url="http://www.dontveter.com/nnsoft/nnsoft.html"
name="www.dontveter.com/nnsoft/nnsoft.html">
</itemize>
Example neural net codes from the book, <htmlurl
url="http://www.dontveter.com/basisofai/basisofai.html" name="The
@ -1474,7 +1593,6 @@ LICENSE
You will need to change '-ltermlib' to '-ltermcap'.
<label id="Neureka ANS">
<tag/Neureka ANS (nn&#47;xnn)/
<itemize>
@ -1482,7 +1600,6 @@ LICENSE
url="ftp://ftp.ii.uib.no/pub/neureka/"
name="ftp.ii.uib.no/pub/neureka/">
</itemize>
nn is a high-level neural network specification language. The
current version is best suited for feed-forward nets, but
@ -1513,7 +1630,6 @@ LICENSE
some environmental variables (NNLIBDIR & NNINCLUDEDIR are
required). You can read about these (and a few other optional
variables) in appendix A of the documentation (pg 113).
<label id="NEURON">
@ -1552,7 +1668,6 @@ LICENSE
url="ftp://unix.hensa.ac.uk/mirrors/pdp++/"
name="unix.hensa.ac.uk/mirrors/pdp++/">
</itemize>
As the field of Connectionist modeling has grown, so has the need
for a comprehensive simulation environment for the development and
@ -1592,10 +1707,11 @@ LICENSE
or CPU constraints
<item>delayed links for recurrent networks
<item>fixed values or thresholds can be specified for weights
<item>(recurrent) back-propagation, Hebb, differential Hebb, simulated
annealing and more
<item>patterns can be specified with bits, floats, characters, numbers,
and random bit patterns with Hamming distances can be chosen for you
<item>(recurrent) back-propagation, Hebb, differential Hebb,
simulated annealing and more
<item>patterns can be specified with bits, floats, characters,
numbers, and random bit patterns with Hamming distances can
be chosen for you
<item>user definable error functions
<item>output results can be used without modification as input
</itemize>
@ -1609,7 +1725,6 @@ LICENSE
url="http://www.amk.ca/python/unmaintained/"
name="http://www.amk.ca/python/unmaintained/">
</itemize>
Simple neural network code, which implements a class for 3-level
networks (input, hidden, and output layers). The only learning
@ -1628,7 +1743,6 @@ LICENSE
url="http://www.uni-frankfurt.de/fb13/iap/e_ag_rt/SCNN/"
name="www.uni-frankfurt.de/fb13/iap/e_ag_rt/SCNN/">
</itemize>
SCNN is an universal simulating system for Cellular Neural
Networks (CNN). CNN are analog processing neural networks
@ -1950,6 +2064,9 @@ LICENSE
<item>Web site: <htmlurl
url="http://gaul.sourceforge.net/"
name="gaul.sourceforge.net">
<item>SF project site: <htmlurl
url="http://sourceforge.net/projects/gaul/"
name="sourceforge.net/projects/gaul/">
</itemize>
The Genetic Algorithm Utility Library (GAUL) is a flexible programming
@ -2369,7 +2486,8 @@ LICENSE
<sect>Alife &amp; Complex Systems
<sect>Alife &amp; Complex Systems
<p>
Alife takes yet another approach to exploring the mysteries of
@ -2483,6 +2601,21 @@ LICENSE
designed to support individual-oriented modelling and simulation
of ecological systems.
<label id="Evo">
<tag/Evo/
<itemize>
<item>Web site: <htmlurl
url="http://omicrongroup.org/evo/"
name="omicrongroup.org/evo/">
</itemize>
Evo is a software development framework that allows developers to build
complex alife simulations. Using Evo, researchers can easily build
systems of independent agents interacting with one another and with
their environment. Evo implements biological operators such as genetic
recombination and mutation to evolve the behavior of agents so that
they are more adapted to their environment.
<label id="Integrating Modelling Toolkit">
<tag/Integrating Modelling Toolkit/
@ -2524,6 +2657,22 @@ LICENSE
into a swarm application.
<label id="SimWorld">
<tag/SimWorld/
<itemize>
<item>Web site: <htmlurl
url="http://www.nd.edu/~airolab/simworld/"
name="www.nd.edu/~airolab/simworld/">
</itemize>
SimWorld is a free artificial life simulation (based on the free
<ref id="SimAgent"> toolkit developed by Aaron Sloman), which provides
functionality for running different interacting agents and objects in a
simulated, continuous environment. The agents are controlled by rules
written in the powerful rule interpreter. New behaviors of agents can
be defined without any programming knowledge.
<label id="Swarm">
<tag/Swarm/
<itemize>
@ -2594,6 +2743,22 @@ LICENSE
living systems (such as self-organization), and other issues pertaining
to theoretical or evolutionary biology and dynamic systems.
<label id="breve">
<tag/breve/
<itemize>
<item>Web site: <htmlurl
url="http://www.spiderland.org/breve/"
name="www.spiderland.org/breve/">
</itemize>
breve is a free software package which makes it easy to build 3D
simulations of decentralized systems and artificial life. Users define
the behaviors of agents in a 3D world and observe how they interact.
breve includes physical simulation and collision detection so you can
simulate realistic creatures, and an OpenGL display engine so you can
visualize your simulated worlds.
<label id="BugsX">
<tag/BugsX/
@ -2943,7 +3108,8 @@ LICENSE
<sect>Agents
<sect>Agents
<p>
Also known as intelligent software agents or just agents, this
area of AI research deals with simple applications of small
@ -3016,6 +3182,22 @@ LICENSE
supports J-AAPI.
<label id="AJA">
<tag/AJA/
<itemize>
<item>Web site: <htmlurl
url="http://home.arcor.de/michal.badonsky/AJA/"
name="home.arcor.de/michal.badonsky/AJA/">
</itemize>
AJA (Adaptable Java Agents) consists of two programming languages.
HADL (Higher Agent Definition Language) is a higher-level language used
for the description of the main agent parts. Java+ is the lower-level
language used for the programming of the agent parts defined in HADL.
It is actually Java enriched with the constructs for accessing
higher-level agent parts defined in HADL.
<label id="A.L.I.C.E.">
<tag/A.L.I.C.E./
<itemize>
@ -3728,6 +3910,24 @@ name="www.boswa.com/boswabits/">
variety of board elements.
<label id="SimAgent">
<tag/SimAgent/
<itemize>
<item>Web site: <htmlurl
url="http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/~axs/cogaff/simagent.html"
name="www.cs.bham.ac.uk/~axs/cogaff/simagent.html">
</itemize>
The SimAgent toolkit provides a range of resources for research and
teaching related to the development of interacting agents in
environments of various degrees and kinds of complexity. It can be run
as a pure simulation tool, or installed in a robot with a sufficiently
powerful on-board computer, e.g. running linux. It was originally
developed to support exploratory research on human-like intelligent
agents, but has also been used for student projects developing a
variety of interactive games and simulations.
<label id="SimRobot">
<tag/SimRobot/
<itemize>
@ -3984,7 +4184,8 @@ name="www.csee.umbc.edu/tkqml/">
</descrip>
<sect>Programming languages
<sect>Programming languages
<p>
While any programming language can be used for artificial

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LDP/howto/linuxdoc/LILO.sgml
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@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
<title>LILO mini-HOWTO
<author>Miroslav "Misko" Skoric,
<tt/skoric at eunet dot yu/
<date>v3.20, 2004-06-21
<date>v3.20, 2004-08-09
<abstract>
<nidx>linux loader windows nt 2000 boot laptop hp</nidx>
LILO is the most used <bf/Li/nux <bf/Lo/ader for the x86 flavor of
@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ This version of Lilo mini-HOWTO is based on work of Cameron Spitzer
(<tt>cls@truffula.sj.ca.us</tt>) and Alessandro Rubini
(<tt>rubini@linux.it</tt>). There are also contributions from Tony Harris
(<tt>tony@nmr.mgh.harvard.edu</tt>) and Marc Tanguy
(<tt>tanguy@ens.uvsq.fr</tt>). Well, I have used materials from
(<tt>mtanguy@ens.uvsq.fr</tt>). Well, I have used materials from
the authors mentioned - <bf>without changes</bf> - and added some pointers
related to configuring LILO for using with Windows NT and Windows 2000.
More detailed information about the activation of Windows NT/2000 from LILO
@ -1610,3 +1610,22 @@ it <em/brief/ as a complete log file dumped to Usenet News is more than a
little annoying.
</article>