Changed authorlist to reflect that Hema no longer maintains the HOWTO.

Made some small cleanup changes, corrected some typos.
This commit is contained in:
starcom 2002-10-03 06:19:40 +00:00
parent df7e9434f5
commit cdd443e94c
4 changed files with 26 additions and 29 deletions

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@ -23,11 +23,6 @@
<author>
<firstname>Shuvam Misra</firstname>
<othername>
</othername>
</author>
<author>
<firstname>Hema Kariyappa</firstname>
<othername>
(usenet at starcomsoftware dot com)
</othername>
</author>
@ -58,6 +53,7 @@
</revision>
</revhistory>
</articleinfo>
#<toc></toc>
&what;
&pop;
&software;

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@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ systems would have remained very fragmented and superficial. Our insight
into Unix came from our ``Village Elders'' in the Department of Computer
Science of the IIT (Indian Institute of Technology) at Mumbai, specially
from ``Hattu,'' ``Sathe,'' and ``Sapre,'' none of whom are with the IIT
today, and from Professor D.B.Phatak and others, many of whom, luckily
today, and from Professor D. B. Phatak and others, many of whom, luckily
are still with the Institute.</para>
<para>Coming to Starcom, all the members of Starcom Software who
@ -28,6 +28,9 @@ have worked on various problems with networking, Linux, and Usenet news
installations have helped the authors in understanding what works and
what doesn't. Without their work, this HOWTO would have been a dry text
book.</para>
<para>Hema Kariyappa co-authored the first couple of versions of this
HOWTO, starting with v2.0.</para>
</section>
<section><title>Comments invited</title>

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@ -27,40 +27,38 @@ opinion than detail, are discussed here.
<listitem><para>
<emphasis>Ping-pong protocol</emphasis>: NNTP is unsuitable for
bulk streaming data transfer.
bulk streaming data transfer because the TCP sliding window feature
is unusable with NNTP.
</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>
A word of explanation on the ping-pong issue is perhaps
needed here. TCP uses a sliding window mechanism to pump out
data in one direction very rapidly, and can achieve near
wire speeds under most circumstances. However, this only
works if the application layer protocol can aggregate a
large amount of data and pump it out without having to stop
every so often, waiting for an ack or a response from the
other end's application layer. This is precisely why sending
one file of 100~Mbytes by FTP takes so much less clock time
than 10,000 files of 10~Kbytes each, all other parameters
remaining unchanged. The trick is to keep the sliding window
sliding smoothly over the outgoing data, blasting packets
out as fast as the wire will carry it, without ever
allowing the window to empty out while you wait for an ack.
Protocols which require short bursts of data from either end
constantly, <emphasis>e.g.</emphasis> in the case of remote
procedure calls, are called ``ping pong protocols'' because they
remind you of a table-tennis ball.
What is a ping-pong protocol? TCP uses a sliding window mechanism to
pump out data in one direction very rapidly, and can achieve near
wire speeds under most circumstances. However, this only works if
the application layer protocol can aggregate a large amount of data
and pump it out without having to stop every so often, waiting for
an ack or a response from the other end's application layer. This is
precisely why sending one file of 100 Mbytes by FTP takes so much less
clock time than 10,000 files of 10 Kbytes each, all other parameters
remaining unchanged. The trick is to keep the sliding window sliding
smoothly over the outgoing data, blasting packets out as fast as the
wire will carry it, without ever allowing the window to empty out
while you wait for an ack. Protocols which require short bursts of
data from either end constantly, <emphasis>e.g.</emphasis> in the
case of remote procedure calls, are called ``ping pong protocols''
because they remind you of a table-tennis ball.
</para>
<para>
With NNTP, this is precisely the problem. The average size
of Usenet news messages, including header and body, is
3 Kbytes. When thousands of such articles are sent out by
NNTP, the sending server has to send the message~ID of the
NNTP, the sending server has to send the message ID of the
first article, then wait for the receiving server to respond
with a ``yes'' or ``no.'' Once the sendiing server gets the
with a ``yes'' or ``no.'' Once the sending server gets the
``yes'', it sends out that article, and waits for an ``ok''
from the receiving server. Then it sends out the message~ID
from the receiving server. Then it sends out the message ID
of the second article, and waits for another ``yes'' or
``no.'' And so on. The TCP sliding window never gets to do
its job.

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@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ business or occupation.</para>
<section><title>Generic server vulnerabilities</title>
<para>Foremost among these vulnerabilities are those which render
<emphasis>any</emphasis>server vulnerable to intrusion attempts.
<emphasis>any</emphasis> server vulnerable to intrusion attempts.
Most of these vulnerabilities are unrelated to Usenet news itself. For
instance, if you have the Telnet service active on a server exposed to
the Internet, then it is likely that systematic attempts by intruders