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2
LDP/guide/docbook/Intro-Linux/abook.xml
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@ -338,7 +338,7 @@
<para>And thanks to all the readers who notified me about missing topics and who helped
to pick out the last errors, unclear definitions and typos by going through the
trouble of mailing me all their remarks. These are also the people who help me keep
this guide up to date, like Filipus Klutiero who did a complete review in 2005, and Alexey Eremenko who sent me the foundation for chapter 11.</para>
this guide up to date, like Filipus Klutiero who did a complete review in 2005 and 2006, and Alexey Eremenko who sent me the foundation for chapter 11.</para>
<para>Finally, a big thank you for the volunteers who are currently translating this
document in French, Swedish, German, Farsi, Hindi and more. It is a big work that should
not be underestimated; I admire your courage.</para>

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LDP/guide/docbook/Intro-Linux/app1.xml
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@ -73,7 +73,7 @@
</itemizedlist>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>X Windows</title>
<title>X Window</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>"Gnome User's Guide" by the Gnome Community, iUniverse.Com Inc., ISBN 0595132251</para>
@ -155,7 +155,7 @@
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<ulink url="http://www.deja.com">Deja</ulink>: an archive of all newsgroup
<ulink url="http://groups.google.com">Google Groups</ulink>: an archive of all newsgroup
postings, including the comp.os.linux hierarchy</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
@ -182,11 +182,6 @@
<sect2>
<title>Architecture Specific References</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
<ulink url="http://www.linuxppc.org">Linux PPC</ulink>: Linux on a Power PC
(e.g. Apple PowerPC, PowerMac, Amiga, IBM ThinkPad/PowerSeries/RS/6000, Motorola...)</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<ulink url="http://www.alphalinux.org">AlphaLinux</ulink>: Linux on Alpha
@ -288,12 +283,6 @@
<para>
<ulink url="http://www.gnome.org">Gnome</ulink>: The official Gnome site</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<ulink url="http://www.ximian.com">Ximian</ulink>: Ximian Gnome, Red Carpet
package management system for StarOffice, Opera, CodeWeavers, Loki Demos,
Evolution, system packages, ...</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<ulink url="http://www.rpmfind.net">RPM Find</ulink>: all RPM packages</para>

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LDP/guide/docbook/Intro-Linux/app4.xml
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@ -1,304 +1,447 @@
<appendix id="app4">
<title>GNU Free Documentation License</title>
<para>Version 1.1, March 2000</para>
<blockquote>
<para>Copyright (C) 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston,
MA 02111-1307 USA Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this
license document, but changing it is not allowed.</para>
</blockquote>
<sect1 id="gfdl-0">
<title>Preamble</title>
<para>The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other written document
"free" in the sense of freedom: to assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and
redistribute it, with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially.
Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way to get credit for
their work, while not being considered responsible for modifications made by others.</para>
<para>This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative works of the
document must themselves be free in the same sense. It complements the GNU General
Public License, which is a copyleft license designed for free software.</para>
<para>We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free software,
because free software needs free documentation: a free program should come with manuals
providing the same freedoms that the software does. But this License is not limited to
software manuals; it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or
whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License principally for
works whose purpose is instruction or reference.</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="gfdl-1">
<title>Applicability and definitions</title>
<para>This License applies to any manual or other work that contains a notice placed by the
copyright holder saying it can be distributed under the terms of this License. The
"Document", below, refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a
licensee, and is addressed as "you".</para>
<para>A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the Document or a
portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with modifications and/or translated into
another language.</para>
<para>A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter section of the Document
that deals exclusively with the relationship of the publishers or authors of the
Document to the Document's overall subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing
that could fall directly within that overall subject. (For example, if the Document is
in part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any mathematics.)
The relationship could be a matter of historical connection with the subject or with
related matters, or of legal, commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position
regarding them.</para>
<para>The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whose titles are designated,
as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice that says that the Document is
released under this License.</para>
<para>The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are listed, as Front-Cover
Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that the Document is released under
this License.</para>
<para>A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy, represented in a
format whose specification is available to the general public, whose contents can be
viewed and edited directly and straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for
images composed of pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely
available drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or for
automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input to text formatters. A
copy made in an otherwise Transparent file format whose markup has been designed to
thwart or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent. A copy that
is not "Transparent" is called "Opaque".</para>
<para>Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain ASCII without
markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML or XML using a publicly available
DTD, and standard-conforming simple HTML designed for human modification. Opaque formats
include PostScript, PDF, proprietary formats that can be read and edited only by
proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or processing tools are
not generally available, and the machine-generated HTML produced by some word processors
for output purposes only.</para>
<para>The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself, plus such following
pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material this License requires to appear in
the title page. For works in formats which do not have any title page as such, "Title
Page" means the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title, preceding
the beginning of the body of the text.</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="gfdl-2">
<title>Verbatim copying</title>
<para>You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either commercially or
noncommercially, provided that this License, the copyright notices, and the license
notice saying this License applies to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and
that you add no other conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use
technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further copying of the copies
you make or distribute. However, you may accept compensation in exchange for copies. If
you distribute a large enough number of copies you must also follow the conditions in
section 3.</para>
<para>You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and you may publicly
display copies.</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="gfdl-3">
<title>Copying in quantity</title>
<para>If you publish printed copies of the Document numbering more than 100, and the
Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the copies in covers
that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front
cover, and Back-Cover Texts on the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly
identify you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must present the full
title with all words of the title equally prominent and visible. You may add other
material on the covers in addition. Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long
as they preserve the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated
as verbatim copying in other respects.</para>
<para>If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit legibly, you should
put the first ones listed (as many as fit reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue
the rest onto adjacent pages.</para>
<para>If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering more than 100,
you must either include a machine-readable Transparent copy along with each Opaque copy,
or state in or with each Opaque copy a publicly-accessible computer-network location
containing a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material, which
the general network-using public has access to download anonymously at no charge using
public-standard network protocols. If you use the latter option, you must take
reasonably prudent steps, when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to
ensure that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated location
until at least one year after the last time you distribute an Opaque copy (directly or
through your agents or retailers) of that edition to the public.</para>
<para>It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the Document well
before redistributing any large number of copies, to give them a chance to provide you
with an updated version of the Document.</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="gfdl-4">
<title>Modifications</title>
<para>You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under the conditions of
sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release the Modified Version under precisely
this License, with the Modified Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing
distribution and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy of it.
In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:</para>
<orderedlist numeration="upperalpha">
<listitem>
<para>Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct from that
of the Document, and from those of previous versions (which should, if there
were any, be listed in the History section of the Document). You may use the
same title as a previous version if the original publisher of that version gives permission.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities
responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified Version,
together with at least five of the principal authors of the Document (all of its
principal authors, if it has less than five).</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the Modified Version, as
the publisher.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications adjacent to the
other copyright notices.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice giving the
public permission to use the Modified Version under the terms of this License,
in the form shown in the Addendum below.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections and
required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Include an unaltered copy of this License.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Preserve the section entitled "History", and its title, and add to it an item
stating at least the title, year, new authors, and publisher of the Modified
Version as given on the Title Page. If there is no section entitled "History" in
the Document, create one stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the
Document as given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified
Version as stated in the previous sentence.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for public access
to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise the network locations given
in the Document for previous versions it was based on. These may be placed in
the "History" section. You may omit a network location for a work that was
published at least four years before the Document itself, or if the original
publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>In any section entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications", preserve the
section's title, and preserve in the section all the substance and tone of each
of the contributor acknowledgements and/or dedications given therein.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, unaltered in their text
and in their titles. Section numbers or the equivalent are not considered part
of the section titles.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Delete any section entitled "Endorsements". Such a section may not be included
in the Modified Version.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Do not retitle any existing section as "Endorsements" or to conflict in title
with any Invariant Section.</para>
</listitem>
</orderedlist>
<para>If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or appendices that qualify
as Secondary Sections and contain no material copied from the Document, you may at your
option designate some or all of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their
titles to the list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice. These
titles must be distinct from any other section titles.</para>
<para>You may add a section entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains nothing but
endorsements of your Modified Version by various parties--for example, statements of
peer review or that the text has been approved by an organization as the authoritative
definition of a standard.</para>
<para>You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a passage of up
to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list of Cover Texts in the Modified
Version. Only one passage of Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by
(or through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already includes a
cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or by arrangement made by the
same entity you are acting on behalf of, you may not add another; but you may replace
the old one, on explicit permission from the previous publisher that added the old one.</para>
<para>The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License give permission
to use their names for publicity for or to assert or imply endorsement of any Modified Version.</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="gfdl-5">
<title>Combining documents</title>
<para>You may combine the Document with other documents released under this License, under
the terms defined in section 4 above for modified versions, provided that you include in
the combination all of the Invariant Sections of all of the original documents,
unmodified, and list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its license notice.</para>
<para>The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and multiple identical
Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single copy. If there are multiple Invariant
Sections with the same name but different contents, make the title of each such section
unique by adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original author or
publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number. Make the same adjustment to
the section titles in the list of Invariant Sections in the license notice of the
combined work.</para>
<para>In the combination, you must combine any sections entitled "History" in the various
original documents, forming one section entitled "History"; likewise combine any
sections entitled "Acknowledgements", and any sections entitled "Dedications". You must
delete all sections entitled "Endorsements."</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="gfdl-6">
<title>Collections of documents</title>
<para>You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents released
under this License, and replace the individual copies of this License in the various
documents with a single copy that is included in the collection, provided that you
follow the rules of this License for verbatim copying of each of the documents in all
other respects.</para>
<para>You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute it
individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this License into the
extracted document, and follow this License in all other respects regarding verbatim
copying of that document.</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="gfdl-7">
<title>Aggregation with independent works</title>
<para>A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate and independent
documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or distribution medium, does not as a
whole count as a Modified Version of the Document, provided no compilation copyright is
claimed for the compilation. Such a compilation is called an "aggregate", and this
License does not apply to the other self-contained works thus compiled with the
Document, on account of their being thus compiled, if they are not themselves derivative
works of the Document.</para>
<para>If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these copies of the
Document, then if the Document is less than one quarter of the entire aggregate, the
Document's Cover Texts may be placed on covers that surround only the Document within
the aggregate. Otherwise they must appear on covers around the whole aggregate.</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="gfdl-8">
<title>Translation</title>
<para>Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may distribute translations
of the Document under the terms of section 4. Replacing Invariant Sections with
translations requires special permission from their copyright holders, but you may
include translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the original
versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a translation of this License
provided that you also include the original English version of this License. In case of
a disagreement between the translation and the original English version of this License,
the original English version will prevail.</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="gfdl-9">
<title>Termination</title>
<para>You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except as expressly
provided for under this License. Any other attempt to copy, modify, sublicense or
distribute the Document is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this
License. However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this
License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance.</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="gfdl-10">
<title>Future revisions of this license</title>
<para>The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of the GNU Free
Documentation License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to
the present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See
<ulink url="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/">http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/</ulink>.</para>
<para>Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. If the Document
specifies that a particular numbered version of this License "or any later version"
applies to it, you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that
specified version or of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by
the Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version number of this
License, you may choose any version ever published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="gfdl-11">
<title>How to use this License for your documents</title>
<para>To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of the License in
the document and put the following copyright and license notices just after the title page:</para>
<blockquote>
<para> Copyright (c) YEAR YOUR NAME. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or
modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version
1.1 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the
Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the Front-Cover Texts being LIST,
and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST. A copy of the license is included in the
section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License".</para>
</blockquote>
<para>If you have no Invariant Sections, write "with no Invariant Sections" instead of
saying which ones are invariant. If you have no Front-Cover Texts, write "no Front-Cover
Texts" instead of "Front-Cover Texts being LIST"; likewise for Back-Cover Texts.</para>
<para>If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we recommend releasing
these examples in parallel under your choice of free software license, such as the GNU
General Public License, to permit their use in free software.</para>
</sect1>
<appendixinfo>
<title>GNU Free Documentation License</title>
<pubdate>Version 1.2, November 2002</pubdate>
<copyright><year>2000,2001,2002</year>
<holder>Free Software Foundation, Inc.</holder></copyright>
<legalnotice id="gfdl-legalnotice">
<para><address>Free Software Foundation, Inc.
<street>51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor</street>,
<city>Boston</city>,
<state>MA</state>
<postcode>02110-1301</postcode>
<country>USA</country>
</address></para>
<para>Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.</para>
</legalnotice>
<releaseinfo>Version 1.2, November 2002</releaseinfo>
</appendixinfo>
<title>GNU Free Documentation License</title>
<section id="gfdl-0"><title>PREAMBLE</title>
<para>The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or
other functional and useful document "free" in the sense of freedom: to
assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with
or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially.
Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way
to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible for
modifications made by others.</para>
<para>This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative
works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It
complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft license
designed for free software.</para>
<para>We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for
free software, because free software needs free documentation: a free
program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the
software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals; it
can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or
whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License
principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.</para>
</section>
<section id="gfdl-1"><title>APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS</title>
<para id="gfdl-doc">This License applies to any manual or other work, in
any medium, that contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying
it can be distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice
grants a world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use
that work under the conditions stated herein. The "Document", below,
refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a
licensee, and is addressed as "you". You accept the license if you
copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission under
copyright law.</para>
<para id="gfdl-mod-ver">A "Modified Version" of the Document means any
work containing the Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim,
or with modifications and/or translated into another language.</para>
<para id="gfdl-secnd-sect">A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or
a front-matter section of the Document that deals exclusively with the
relationship of the publishers or authors of the Document to the
Document's overall subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing
that could fall directly within that overall subject. (Thus, if the
Document is in part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may
not explain any mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of
historical connection with the subject or with related matters, or of
legal, commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position
regarding them.</para>
<para id="gfdl-inv-sect">The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary
Sections whose titles are designated, as being those of Invariant
Sections, in the notice that says that the Document is released under
this License. If a section does not fit the above definition of
Secondary then it is not allowed to be designated as Invariant. The
Document may contain zero Invariant Sections. If the Document does not
identify any Invariant Sections then there are none.</para>
<para id="gfdl-cov-text">The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of
text that are listed, as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the
notice that says that the Document is released under this License. A
Front-Cover Text may be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at
most 25 words.</para>
<para id="gfdl-transparent">A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a
machine-readable copy, represented in a format whose specification is
available to the general public, that is suitable for revising the
document straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images
composed of pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely
available drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text
formatters or for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable
for input to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent
file format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to
thwart or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not
Transparent. An image format is not Transparent if used for any
substantial amount of text. A copy that is not "Transparent" is called
"Opaque".</para>
<para>Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain
ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML or
XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple HTML,
PostScript or PDF designed for human modification. Examples of
transparent image formats include PNG, XCF and JPG. Opaque formats
include proprietary formats that can be read and edited only by
proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or
processing tools are not generally available, and the machine-generated
HTML, PostScript or PDF produced by some word processors for output
purposes only.</para>
<para id="gfdl-title-page">The "Title Page" means, for a printed book,
the title page itself, plus such following pages as are needed to hold,
legibly, the material this License requires to appear in the title page.
For works in formats which do not have any title page as such, "Title
Page" means the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's
title, preceding the beginning of the body of the text.</para>
<para id="gfdl-entitled">A section "Entitled XYZ" means a named subunit
of the Document whose title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in
parentheses following text that translates XYZ in another language.
(Here XYZ stands for a specific section name mentioned below, such as
"Acknowledgements", "Dedications", "Endorsements", or "History".) To
"Preserve the Title" of such a section when you modify the Document
means that it remains a section "Entitled XYZ" according to this
definition.</para>
<para>The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice
which states that this License applies to the Document. These Warranty
Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this License,
but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other implication that
these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has no effect on the
meaning of this License.</para>
</section>
<section id="gfdl-2"><title>VERBATIM COPYING</title>
<para>You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the
copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies to
the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other
conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use
technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further copying
of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept
compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough
number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3.
</para>
<para>You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above,
and you may publicly display copies.</para>
</section>
<section id="gfdl-3"><title>COPYING IN QUANTITY</title>
<para>If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly
have printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the
Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the
copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover Texts:
Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on the back
cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify you as the
publisher of these copies. The front cover must present the full title
with all words of the title equally prominent and visible. You may add
other material on the covers in addition. Copying with changes limited
to the covers, as long as they preserve the title of the Document and
satisfy these conditions, can be treated as verbatim copying in other
respects.</para>
<para>If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit
legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent
pages.</para>
<para>If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document
numbering more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable
Transparent copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each
Opaque copy a computer-network location from which the general
network-using public has access to download using public-standard
network protocols a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of
added material. If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably
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<section id="gfdl-4"><title>MODIFICATIONS</title>
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<title>GNU FDL Modification Conditions</title>
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</section>
<section id="gfdl-5"><title>COMBINING DOCUMENTS</title>
<para>You may combine the Document with other documents released under
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delete all sections Entitled "Endorsements".</para>
</section>
<section id="gfdl-6"><title>COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS</title>
<para>You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other
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</section>
<section id="gfdl-7"><title>AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS</title>
<para>A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other
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</section>
<section id="gfdl-8"><title>TRANSLATION</title>
<para>Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
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<para>If a section in the Document is Entitled "Acknowledgements",
"Dedications", or "History", the requirement (section 4) to Preserve its
Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual
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</section>
<section id="gfdl-9"><title>TERMINATION</title>
<para>You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document
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will not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain
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</section>
<section id="gfdl-10"><title>FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE</title>
<para>The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of
the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new versions
will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in
detail to address new problems or concerns. See
http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/.</para>
<para>Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version
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Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version
number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not
as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.</para>
</section>
<section id="gfdl-addendum"><title>ADDENDUM: How to use this License for
your documents</title>
<para>To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy
of the License in the document and put the following copyright and
license notices just after the title page:</para>
<blockquote id="copyright-sample">
<title>Sample Invariant Sections list</title><para>
Copyright (c) YEAR YOUR NAME.
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2
or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.
A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU
Free Documentation License".
</para></blockquote>
<para>If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover
Texts, replace the "with...Texts." line with this:</para>
<blockquote id="inv-cover-sample">
<title>Sample Invariant Sections list</title>
<para>
with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the
Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST.
</para></blockquote>
<para>If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other
combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the
situation.</para>
<para>If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of free
software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to permit
their use in free software.</para>
</section>
</appendix>

9
LDP/guide/docbook/Intro-Linux/chap10.xml
View File

@ -181,6 +181,7 @@ eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:50:70:31:2C:14
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>The IP address is marked with <quote>inet addr</quote>.</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>The hardware address follows the <quote>HWaddr</quote> tag.</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>Both <command>ifconfig</command> and <command>ip</command> display more detailed configuration information and a number of statistics about each interface and, maybe most important, whether it is <quote>UP</quote> and <quote>RUNNING</quote>.</para>
<para>On your laptop which you usually connect to the company network using the onboard Ethernet connection, but which you are now to configure for dial-in at home or in a hotel, you might need to activate the PCMCIA card. This is done using the <command>cardctl</command> control utility. However, a good distribution should provide PCMCIA support in the network configuration tools, preventing users from having to execute PCMCIA commands manually.</para>
@ -212,7 +213,7 @@ Destination Gateway Genmask Flags MSS Window irtt Iface
<para>This is a typical client machine in an IP network. It only has one network device, <emphasis>eth0</emphasis>. The <emphasis>lo</emphasis> interface is the local loop.</para>
<para>When this machine tries to contact a host that is on another network than its own, indicated by the line starting with 0.0.0.0, it will send the connection requests to the machine (router) with IP address 192.168.42.1, and it will use its primary interface, eth0, to do this.</para>
<para>Hosts that are on the same network, the line starting with 192.168.42.0, will also be contacted through the primary network interface, but no router is necessary, the data are just put on the network.</para>
<para>Machines can have much more complicated routing tables than this one, with lots of different <quote>Destination-Gateway<quote> pairs to connect to different networks. If you have the occasion to connect to an application server, for instance at work, it is most educating to check the routing information.</para>
<para>Machines can have much more complicated routing tables than this one, with lots of different <quote>Destination-Gateway</quote> pairs to connect to different networks. If you have the occasion to connect to an application server, for instance at work, it is most educating to check the routing information.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="sect_10_01_02_06"><title>Other hosts</title>
<para>An impressive amount of tools is focused on network management and remote administration of Linux machines. Your local Linux software mirror will offer plenty of those. It would lead us too far to discuss them in this document, so please refer to the program-specific documentation.</para>
@ -407,7 +408,7 @@ localhost.localdomain: anonymous/bob@his.server.com: IDLE
</mediaobject>
</figure>
<para>There are also tens of web mail applications available, such as <application>Squirrelmail</application>, <application>Yahoo!</application> mail, <application>gmail</application from Google and <application>Hotmail</application>.</para>
<para>There are also tens of web mail applications available, such as <application>Squirrelmail</application>, <application>Yahoo!</application> mail, <application>gmail</application> from Google and <application>Hotmail</application>.</para>
<para>An overview is available via the <ulink url="http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/Mail-User-HOWTO/index.html">Linux Mail User HOWTO</ulink>.</para>
<para>Most Linux distributions include <command>fetchmail</command>, a mail-retrieval and forwarding utility. It fetches mail from remote mail servers (POP, IMAP and some others) and forwards it to your local delivery system. You can then handle the retrieved mail using normal mail clients. It can be run in daemon mode to repeatedly poll one or more systems at a specified interval. Information and usage examples can be found in the Info pages; the directory <filename>/usr/share/doc/fetchmail-&lt;version&gt;</filename> contains a full list of features and a FAQ for beginners.</para>
@ -423,7 +424,7 @@ localhost.localdomain: anonymous/bob@his.server.com: IDLE
<para>On Linux systems, the server configuration is usually done in the <filename>/etc/httpd</filename> directory. The most important configuration file is <filename>httpd.conf</filename>; it is rather self-explanatory. Should you need help, you can find it in the <command>httpd</command> man page or on the <ulink url="http://www.apache.org">Apache website</ulink>.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="sect_10_02_03_02"><title>Web browsers</title>
<para>A number of web browsers, both free and commercial, exist for the Linux platform. Netscape Navigator as the only decent option has long been a thing of the past, as Mozilla/Firefox offers a competitive alternative running on many other operating systems, like MS Windows and MacOS X as well.</para>
<para>A number of web browsers, both free and commercial, exist for the Linux platform. <application>Netscape Navigator</application> as the only decent option has long been a thing of the past, as <application>Mozilla/Firefox</application> offers a competitive alternative running on many other operating systems, like MS Windows and MacOS X as well.</para>
<para>Amaya is the W3C browser. Opera is a commercial browser, compact and fast. Many desktop managers offer web browsing features in their file manager, like <command>nautilus</command>.</para>
<para>Among the popular text based browsers are <command>lynx</command> and <command>links</command>. You may need to define proxy servers in your shell, by setting the appropriate variables. Text browsers are fast and handy when no graphical environment is available, such as when used in scripts.</para>
</sect3>
@ -761,7 +762,7 @@ Fetching /var/tmp/Schedule.sdc.gz to Schedule.sdc.gz
<cmdsynopsis><command>/usr/X11R6/bin/XWin.exe <option>-query</option> <parameter>your_linux_machine_name_or_IP</parameter></command></cmdsynopsis>
<para>The connection is by default denied. You need to change the X Display Manager (XDM) configuration and possibly the X Font Server (XFS) configuration to enable this type of connection, where you get a login screen on the remote machine. Depending on your desktop manager (Gnome, KDE, other), you might have to change some configurations there, too.</para>
<para>If you do not need to display the entire desktop, you can use SSH in Cygwin, just like explained in <xref linkend="sect_10_03_03_02" />. without all the fuss of editing configuration files.</para>
</sect2>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="sect_10_05"><title>Security</title>