From cda91f69b6795cde689d9e85d31c58275b426b6e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: tille <> Date: Tue, 25 Jul 2006 09:53:37 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] updates --- LDP/guide/docbook/Intro-Linux/abook.xml | 2 +- LDP/guide/docbook/Intro-Linux/app1.xml | 15 +- LDP/guide/docbook/Intro-Linux/app4.xml | 747 ++++++++++++++--------- LDP/guide/docbook/Intro-Linux/chap10.xml | 9 +- 4 files changed, 453 insertions(+), 320 deletions(-) diff --git a/LDP/guide/docbook/Intro-Linux/abook.xml b/LDP/guide/docbook/Intro-Linux/abook.xml index 8d4f18aa..7fbb4bee 100644 --- a/LDP/guide/docbook/Intro-Linux/abook.xml +++ b/LDP/guide/docbook/Intro-Linux/abook.xml @@ -338,7 +338,7 @@ And thanks to all the readers who notified me about missing topics and who helped to pick out the last errors, unclear definitions and typos by going through the trouble of mailing me all their remarks. These are also the people who help me keep - this guide up to date, like Filipus Klutiero who did a complete review in 2005, and Alexey Eremenko who sent me the foundation for chapter 11. + this guide up to date, like Filipus Klutiero who did a complete review in 2005 and 2006, and Alexey Eremenko who sent me the foundation for chapter 11. Finally, a big thank you for the volunteers who are currently translating this document in French, Swedish, German, Farsi, Hindi and more. It is a big work that should not be underestimated; I admire your courage. diff --git a/LDP/guide/docbook/Intro-Linux/app1.xml b/LDP/guide/docbook/Intro-Linux/app1.xml index f5dc4ac1..2a21cc21 100644 --- a/LDP/guide/docbook/Intro-Linux/app1.xml +++ b/LDP/guide/docbook/Intro-Linux/app1.xml @@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ - X Windows + X Window "Gnome User's Guide" by the Gnome Community, iUniverse.Com Inc., ISBN 0595132251 @@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ - Deja: an archive of all newsgroup + Google Groups: an archive of all newsgroup postings, including the comp.os.linux hierarchy @@ -182,11 +182,6 @@ Architecture Specific References - - - Linux PPC: Linux on a Power PC - (e.g. Apple PowerPC, PowerMac, Amiga, IBM ThinkPad/PowerSeries/RS/6000, Motorola...) - AlphaLinux: Linux on Alpha @@ -288,12 +283,6 @@ Gnome: The official Gnome site - - - Ximian: Ximian Gnome, Red Carpet - package management system for StarOffice, Opera, CodeWeavers, Loki Demos, - Evolution, system packages, ... - RPM Find: all RPM packages diff --git a/LDP/guide/docbook/Intro-Linux/app4.xml b/LDP/guide/docbook/Intro-Linux/app4.xml index c6046573..f78a50b6 100644 --- a/LDP/guide/docbook/Intro-Linux/app4.xml +++ b/LDP/guide/docbook/Intro-Linux/app4.xml @@ -1,304 +1,447 @@ - GNU Free Documentation License - Version 1.1, March 2000 -
- Copyright (C) 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, - MA 02111-1307 USA Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this - license document, but changing it is not allowed. -
- - Preamble - The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other written document - "free" in the sense of freedom: to assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and - redistribute it, with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. - Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way to get credit for - their work, while not being considered responsible for modifications made by others. - This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative works of the - document must themselves be free in the same sense. It complements the GNU General - Public License, which is a copyleft license designed for free software. - We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free software, - because free software needs free documentation: a free program should come with manuals - providing the same freedoms that the software does. But this License is not limited to - software manuals; it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or - whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License principally for - works whose purpose is instruction or reference. - - - Applicability and definitions - This License applies to any manual or other work that contains a notice placed by the - copyright holder saying it can be distributed under the terms of this License. The - "Document", below, refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a - licensee, and is addressed as "you". - A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the Document or a - portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with modifications and/or translated into - another language. - A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter section of the Document - that deals exclusively with the relationship of the publishers or authors of the - Document to the Document's overall subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing - that could fall directly within that overall subject. (For example, if the Document is - in part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any mathematics.) - The relationship could be a matter of historical connection with the subject or with - related matters, or of legal, commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position - regarding them. - The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whose titles are designated, - as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice that says that the Document is - released under this License. - The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are listed, as Front-Cover - Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that the Document is released under - this License. - A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy, represented in a - format whose specification is available to the general public, whose contents can be - viewed and edited directly and straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for - images composed of pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely - available drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or for - automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input to text formatters. A - copy made in an otherwise Transparent file format whose markup has been designed to - thwart or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent. A copy that - is not "Transparent" is called "Opaque". - Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain ASCII without - markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML or XML using a publicly available - DTD, and standard-conforming simple HTML designed for human modification. Opaque formats - include PostScript, PDF, proprietary formats that can be read and edited only by - proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or processing tools are - not generally available, and the machine-generated HTML produced by some word processors - for output purposes only. - The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself, plus such following - pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material this License requires to appear in - the title page. For works in formats which do not have any title page as such, "Title - Page" means the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title, preceding - the beginning of the body of the text. - - - Verbatim copying - You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either commercially or - noncommercially, provided that this License, the copyright notices, and the license - notice saying this License applies to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and - that you add no other conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use - technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further copying of the copies - you make or distribute. However, you may accept compensation in exchange for copies. If - you distribute a large enough number of copies you must also follow the conditions in - section 3. - You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and you may publicly - display copies. - - - Copying in quantity - If you publish printed copies of the Document numbering more than 100, and the - Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the copies in covers - that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front - cover, and Back-Cover Texts on the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly - identify you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must present the full - title with all words of the title equally prominent and visible. You may add other - material on the covers in addition. Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long - as they preserve the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated - as verbatim copying in other respects. - If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit legibly, you should - put the first ones listed (as many as fit reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue - the rest onto adjacent pages. - If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering more than 100, - you must either include a machine-readable Transparent copy along with each Opaque copy, - or state in or with each Opaque copy a publicly-accessible computer-network location - containing a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material, which - the general network-using public has access to download anonymously at no charge using - public-standard network protocols. If you use the latter option, you must take - reasonably prudent steps, when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to - ensure that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated location - until at least one year after the last time you distribute an Opaque copy (directly or - through your agents or retailers) of that edition to the public. - It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the Document well - before redistributing any large number of copies, to give them a chance to provide you - with an updated version of the Document. - - - Modifications - You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under the conditions of - sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release the Modified Version under precisely - this License, with the Modified Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing - distribution and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy of it. - In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version: - - - Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct from that - of the Document, and from those of previous versions (which should, if there - were any, be listed in the History section of the Document). You may use the - same title as a previous version if the original publisher of that version gives permission. - - - List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities - responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified Version, - together with at least five of the principal authors of the Document (all of its - principal authors, if it has less than five). - - - State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the Modified Version, as - the publisher. - - - Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document. - - - Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications adjacent to the - other copyright notices. - - - Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice giving the - public permission to use the Modified Version under the terms of this License, - in the form shown in the Addendum below. - - - Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections and - required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice. - - - Include an unaltered copy of this License. - - - Preserve the section entitled "History", and its title, and add to it an item - stating at least the title, year, new authors, and publisher of the Modified - Version as given on the Title Page. If there is no section entitled "History" in - the Document, create one stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the - Document as given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified - Version as stated in the previous sentence. - - - Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for public access - to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise the network locations given - in the Document for previous versions it was based on. These may be placed in - the "History" section. You may omit a network location for a work that was - published at least four years before the Document itself, or if the original - publisher of the version it refers to gives permission. - - - In any section entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications", preserve the - section's title, and preserve in the section all the substance and tone of each - of the contributor acknowledgements and/or dedications given therein. - - - Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, unaltered in their text - and in their titles. Section numbers or the equivalent are not considered part - of the section titles. - - - Delete any section entitled "Endorsements". Such a section may not be included - in the Modified Version. - - - Do not retitle any existing section as "Endorsements" or to conflict in title - with any Invariant Section. - - - If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or appendices that qualify - as Secondary Sections and contain no material copied from the Document, you may at your - option designate some or all of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their - titles to the list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice. These - titles must be distinct from any other section titles. - You may add a section entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains nothing but - endorsements of your Modified Version by various parties--for example, statements of - peer review or that the text has been approved by an organization as the authoritative - definition of a standard. - You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a passage of up - to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list of Cover Texts in the Modified - Version. Only one passage of Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by - (or through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already includes a - cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or by arrangement made by the - same entity you are acting on behalf of, you may not add another; but you may replace - the old one, on explicit permission from the previous publisher that added the old one. - The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License give permission - to use their names for publicity for or to assert or imply endorsement of any Modified Version. - - - Combining documents - You may combine the Document with other documents released under this License, under - the terms defined in section 4 above for modified versions, provided that you include in - the combination all of the Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, - unmodified, and list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its license notice. - The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and multiple identical - Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single copy. If there are multiple Invariant - Sections with the same name but different contents, make the title of each such section - unique by adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original author or - publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number. Make the same adjustment to - the section titles in the list of Invariant Sections in the license notice of the - combined work. - In the combination, you must combine any sections entitled "History" in the various - original documents, forming one section entitled "History"; likewise combine any - sections entitled "Acknowledgements", and any sections entitled "Dedications". You must - delete all sections entitled "Endorsements." - - - Collections of documents - You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents released - under this License, and replace the individual copies of this License in the various - documents with a single copy that is included in the collection, provided that you - follow the rules of this License for verbatim copying of each of the documents in all - other respects. - You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute it - individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this License into the - extracted document, and follow this License in all other respects regarding verbatim - copying of that document. - - - Aggregation with independent works - A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate and independent - documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or distribution medium, does not as a - whole count as a Modified Version of the Document, provided no compilation copyright is - claimed for the compilation. Such a compilation is called an "aggregate", and this - License does not apply to the other self-contained works thus compiled with the - Document, on account of their being thus compiled, if they are not themselves derivative - works of the Document. - If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these copies of the - Document, then if the Document is less than one quarter of the entire aggregate, the - Document's Cover Texts may be placed on covers that surround only the Document within - the aggregate. Otherwise they must appear on covers around the whole aggregate. - - - Translation - Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may distribute translations - of the Document under the terms of section 4. Replacing Invariant Sections with - translations requires special permission from their copyright holders, but you may - include translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the original - versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a translation of this License - provided that you also include the original English version of this License. In case of - a disagreement between the translation and the original English version of this License, - the original English version will prevail. - - - Termination - You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except as expressly - provided for under this License. Any other attempt to copy, modify, sublicense or - distribute the Document is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this - License. However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this - License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance. - - - Future revisions of this license - The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of the GNU Free - Documentation License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to - the present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See - http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/. - Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. If the Document - specifies that a particular numbered version of this License "or any later version" - applies to it, you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that - specified version or of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by - the Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version number of this - License, you may choose any version ever published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. - - - How to use this License for your documents - To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of the License in - the document and put the following copyright and license notices just after the title page: -
- Copyright (c) YEAR YOUR NAME. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or - modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version - 1.1 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the - Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the Front-Cover Texts being LIST, - and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST. A copy of the license is included in the - section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License". -
- If you have no Invariant Sections, write "with no Invariant Sections" instead of - saying which ones are invariant. If you have no Front-Cover Texts, write "no Front-Cover - Texts" instead of "Front-Cover Texts being LIST"; likewise for Back-Cover Texts. - If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we recommend releasing - these examples in parallel under your choice of free software license, such as the GNU - General Public License, to permit their use in free software. - + + +GNU Free Documentation License + + Version 1.2, November 2002 + 2000,2001,2002 + Free Software Foundation, Inc. + +
Free Software Foundation, Inc. + 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, + Boston, + MA + 02110-1301 + USA +
+ Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies + of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. + + Version 1.2, November 2002 + + +GNU Free Documentation License +
PREAMBLE + +The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or +other functional and useful document "free" in the sense of freedom: to +assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with +or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. +Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way +to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible for +modifications made by others. + +This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative +works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It +complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft license +designed for free software. + +We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for +free software, because free software needs free documentation: a free +program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the +software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals; it +can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or +whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License +principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference. +
+ +
APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS + +This License applies to any manual or other work, in +any medium, that contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying +it can be distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice +grants a world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use +that work under the conditions stated herein. The "Document", below, +refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a +licensee, and is addressed as "you". You accept the license if you +copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission under +copyright law. + +A "Modified Version" of the Document means any +work containing the Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, +or with modifications and/or translated into another language. + +A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or +a front-matter section of the Document that deals exclusively with the +relationship of the publishers or authors of the Document to the +Document's overall subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing +that could fall directly within that overall subject. (Thus, if the +Document is in part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may +not explain any mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of +historical connection with the subject or with related matters, or of +legal, commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position +regarding them. + +The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary +Sections whose titles are designated, as being those of Invariant +Sections, in the notice that says that the Document is released under +this License. If a section does not fit the above definition of +Secondary then it is not allowed to be designated as Invariant. The +Document may contain zero Invariant Sections. If the Document does not +identify any Invariant Sections then there are none. + +The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of +text that are listed, as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the +notice that says that the Document is released under this License. A +Front-Cover Text may be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at +most 25 words. + +A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a +machine-readable copy, represented in a format whose specification is +available to the general public, that is suitable for revising the +document straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images +composed of pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely +available drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text +formatters or for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable +for input to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent +file format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to +thwart or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not +Transparent. An image format is not Transparent if used for any +substantial amount of text. A copy that is not "Transparent" is called +"Opaque". + +Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain +ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML or +XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple HTML, +PostScript or PDF designed for human modification. Examples of +transparent image formats include PNG, XCF and JPG. Opaque formats +include proprietary formats that can be read and edited only by +proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or +processing tools are not generally available, and the machine-generated +HTML, PostScript or PDF produced by some word processors for output +purposes only. + +The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, +the title page itself, plus such following pages as are needed to hold, +legibly, the material this License requires to appear in the title page. +For works in formats which do not have any title page as such, "Title +Page" means the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's +title, preceding the beginning of the body of the text. + +A section "Entitled XYZ" means a named subunit +of the Document whose title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in +parentheses following text that translates XYZ in another language. +(Here XYZ stands for a specific section name mentioned below, such as +"Acknowledgements", "Dedications", "Endorsements", or "History".) To +"Preserve the Title" of such a section when you modify the Document +means that it remains a section "Entitled XYZ" according to this +definition. + +The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice +which states that this License applies to the Document. These Warranty +Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this License, +but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other implication that +these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has no effect on the +meaning of this License. +
+ +
VERBATIM COPYING + +You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either +commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the +copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies to +the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other +conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use +technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further copying +of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept +compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough +number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3. + + +You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, +and you may publicly display copies. +
+ +
COPYING IN QUANTITY + +If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly +have printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the +Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the +copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover Texts: +Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on the back +cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify you as the +publisher of these copies. The front cover must present the full title +with all words of the title equally prominent and visible. You may add +other material on the covers in addition. Copying with changes limited +to the covers, as long as they preserve the title of the Document and +satisfy these conditions, can be treated as verbatim copying in other +respects. + +If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit +legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit +reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent +pages. + +If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document +numbering more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable +Transparent copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each +Opaque copy a computer-network location from which the general +network-using public has access to download using public-standard +network protocols a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of +added material. If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably +prudent steps, when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, +to ensure that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the +stated location until at least one year after the last time you +distribute an Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) +of that edition to the public. + +It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of +the Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to +give them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the +Document. +
+ +
MODIFICATIONS + +You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document +under the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you +release the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the +Modified Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing +distribution and modification of the Modified Version to whoever +possesses a copy of it. In addition, you must do these things in the +Modified Version: + + + GNU FDL Modification Conditions +Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a + title distinct from that of the Document, and from those of previous + versions (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History + section of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous + version if the original publisher of that version gives permission. + +List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more + persons or entities responsible for authorship of the modifications in + the Modified Version, together with at least five of the principal + authors of the Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer + than five), unless they release you from this requirement. + +State on the Title page the name of the publisher of + the Modified Version, as the publisher. +Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document. + +Add an appropriate copyright notice for your + modifications adjacent to the other copyright notices. + +Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a + license notice giving the public permission to use the Modified + Version under the terms of this License, in the form shown in the + Addendum below. + +Preserve in that license notice the full lists of + Invariant Sections and required Cover Texts given in the Document's + license notice. +Include an unaltered copy of this License. + +Preserve the section Entitled "History", Preserve its + Title, and add to it an item stating at least the title, year, new + authors, and publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title + Page. If there is no section Entitled "History" in the Document, + create one stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the + Document as given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the + Modified Version as stated in the previous sentence. + +Preserve the network location, if any, given in the + Document for public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and + likewise the network locations given in the Document for previous + versions it was based on. These may be placed in the "History" + section. You may omit a network location for a work that was + published at least four years before the Document itself, or if the + original publisher of the version it refers to gives permission. + +For any section Entitled "Acknowledgements" or + "Dedications", Preserve the Title of the section, and preserve in the + section all the substance and tone of each of the contributor + acknowledgements and/or dedications given therein. + +Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, + unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers or the + equivalent are not considered part of the section titles. + +Delete any section Entitled "Endorsements". + Such a section may not be included in the Modified Version. + +Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled + "Endorsements" or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section. + +Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers. + + + +If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or +appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material +copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all +of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the +list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice. +These titles must be distinct from any other section titles. + +You may add a section Entitled "Endorsements", provided it +contains nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various +parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text has +been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a +standard. + +You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, +and a passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the +list of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of +Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or through +arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already includes +a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or by +arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of, you may +not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit permission +from the previous publisher that added the old one. + +The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this +License give permission to use their names for publicity for or to +assert or imply endorsement of any Modified Version. +
+ +
COMBINING DOCUMENTS + +You may combine the Document with other documents released under +this License, under the terms defined in section +4 above for modified versions, provided that you include in the +combination all of the Invariant Sections of all of the original +documents, unmodified, and list them all as Invariant Sections of your +combined work in its license notice, and that you preserve all their +Warranty Disclaimers. + +The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and +multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single +copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but +different contents, make the title of each such section unique by adding +at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original author or +publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number. Make the +same adjustment to the section titles in the list of Invariant Sections +in the license notice of the combined work. + +In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled +"History" in the various original documents, forming one section +Entitled "History"; likewise combine any sections Entitled +"Acknowledgements", and any sections Entitled "Dedications". You must +delete all sections Entitled "Endorsements". +
+ +
COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS + +You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other +documents released under this License, and replace the individual copies +of this License in the various documents with a single copy that is +included in the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this +License for verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other +respects. + +You may extract a single document from such a collection, and +distribute it individually under this License, provided you insert a +copy of this License into the extracted document, and follow this +License in all other respects regarding verbatim copying of that +document. +
+ +
AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS + +A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other +separate and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a +storage or distribution medium, is called an "aggregate" if the +copyright resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal +rights of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works +permit. When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does +not apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves +derivative works of the Document. + +If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these +copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of +the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on covers +that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the electronic +equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form. Otherwise +they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole +aggregate. +
+ +
TRANSLATION + +Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may +distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4. +Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special +permission from their copyright holders, but you may include +translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the +original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a +translation of this License, and all the license notices in the +Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include +the original English version of this License and the original versions +of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a disagreement between the +translation and the original version of this License or a notice or +disclaimer, the original version will prevail. + +If a section in the Document is Entitled "Acknowledgements", +"Dedications", or "History", the requirement (section 4) to Preserve its +Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual +title. +
+ +
TERMINATION + +You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document +except as expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt +to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will +automatically terminate your rights under this License. However, +parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this License +will not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain +in full compliance. +
+ +
FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE + +The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of +the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new versions +will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in +detail to address new problems or concerns. See +http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/. + +Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version +number. If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of +this License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option +of following the terms and conditions either of that specified version +or of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the +Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version +number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not +as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. +
+ +
ADDENDUM: How to use this License for + your documents + +To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy +of the License in the document and put the following copyright and +license notices just after the title page: + + + +If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover +Texts, replace the "with...Texts." line with this: + +
+ Sample Invariant Sections list + + with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the + Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST. +
+ +If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other +combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the +situation. + +If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we +recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of free +software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to permit +their use in free software. +
 diff --git a/LDP/guide/docbook/Intro-Linux/chap10.xml b/LDP/guide/docbook/Intro-Linux/chap10.xml index 744b1639..1ae845f1 100644 --- a/LDP/guide/docbook/Intro-Linux/chap10.xml +++ b/LDP/guide/docbook/Intro-Linux/chap10.xml @@ -181,6 +181,7 @@ eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:50:70:31:2C:14 The IP address is marked with inet addr. The hardware address follows the HWaddr tag. + Both ifconfig and ip display more detailed configuration information and a number of statistics about each interface and, maybe most important, whether it is UP and RUNNING. On your laptop which you usually connect to the company network using the onboard Ethernet connection, but which you are now to configure for dial-in at home or in a hotel, you might need to activate the PCMCIA card. This is done using the cardctl control utility. However, a good distribution should provide PCMCIA support in the network configuration tools, preventing users from having to execute PCMCIA commands manually. @@ -212,7 +213,7 @@ Destination Gateway Genmask Flags MSS Window irtt Iface This is a typical client machine in an IP network. It only has one network device, eth0. The lo interface is the local loop. When this machine tries to contact a host that is on another network than its own, indicated by the line starting with 0.0.0.0, it will send the connection requests to the machine (router) with IP address 192.168.42.1, and it will use its primary interface, eth0, to do this. Hosts that are on the same network, the line starting with 192.168.42.0, will also be contacted through the primary network interface, but no router is necessary, the data are just put on the network. -Machines can have much more complicated routing tables than this one, with lots of different Destination-Gateway pairs to connect to different networks. If you have the occasion to connect to an application server, for instance at work, it is most educating to check the routing information. +Machines can have much more complicated routing tables than this one, with lots of different Destination-Gateway pairs to connect to different networks. If you have the occasion to connect to an application server, for instance at work, it is most educating to check the routing information. Other hosts An impressive amount of tools is focused on network management and remote administration of Linux machines. Your local Linux software mirror will offer plenty of those. It would lead us too far to discuss them in this document, so please refer to the program-specific documentation. @@ -407,7 +408,7 @@ localhost.localdomain: anonymous/bob@his.server.com: IDLE -There are also tens of web mail applications available, such as Squirrelmail, Yahoo! mail, gmailHotmail. +There are also tens of web mail applications available, such as Squirrelmail, Yahoo! mail, gmail from Google and Hotmail. An overview is available via the Linux Mail User HOWTO. Most Linux distributions include fetchmail, a mail-retrieval and forwarding utility. It fetches mail from remote mail servers (POP, IMAP and some others) and forwards it to your local delivery system. You can then handle the retrieved mail using normal mail clients. It can be run in daemon mode to repeatedly poll one or more systems at a specified interval. Information and usage examples can be found in the Info pages; the directory /usr/share/doc/fetchmail-<version> contains a full list of features and a FAQ for beginners. @@ -423,7 +424,7 @@ localhost.localdomain: anonymous/bob@his.server.com: IDLE On Linux systems, the server configuration is usually done in the /etc/httpd directory. The most important configuration file is httpd.conf; it is rather self-explanatory. Should you need help, you can find it in the httpd man page or on the Apache website. Web browsers -A number of web browsers, both free and commercial, exist for the Linux platform. Netscape Navigator as the only decent option has long been a thing of the past, as Mozilla/Firefox offers a competitive alternative running on many other operating systems, like MS Windows and MacOS X as well. +A number of web browsers, both free and commercial, exist for the Linux platform. Netscape Navigator as the only decent option has long been a thing of the past, as Mozilla/Firefox offers a competitive alternative running on many other operating systems, like MS Windows and MacOS X as well. Amaya is the W3C browser. Opera is a commercial browser, compact and fast. Many desktop managers offer web browsing features in their file manager, like nautilus. Among the popular text based browsers are lynx and links. You may need to define proxy servers in your shell, by setting the appropriate variables. Text browsers are fast and handy when no graphical environment is available, such as when used in scripts. @@ -761,7 +762,7 @@ Fetching /var/tmp/Schedule.sdc.gz to Schedule.sdc.gz /usr/X11R6/bin/XWin.exe your_linux_machine_name_or_IP The connection is by default denied. You need to change the X Display Manager (XDM) configuration and possibly the X Font Server (XFS) configuration to enable this type of connection, where you get a login screen on the remote machine. Depending on your desktop manager (Gnome, KDE, other), you might have to change some configurations there, too. If you do not need to display the entire desktop, you can use SSH in Cygwin, just like explained in . without all the fuss of editing configuration files. - + Security