mirror of https://github.com/tLDP/LDP
Merge branch 'master' of github.com:martin-a-brown/LDP
This commit is contained in:
Martin A. Brown
commit
a9c9c5a2e9
|
|
@ -0,0 +1 @@
|
|||
*~
|
||||
|
|
@ -66,9 +66,9 @@
|
|||
<section id="intro_01">
|
||||
<title>Why this guide?</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>The primary reason for writing this document is that a lot of readers feel the existing <ulink url="http://tldp.org/HOWTO/Bash-Prog-Intro-HOWTO.html">HOWTO</ulink> to be too short and incomplete, while the <ulink url="http://tldp.org/LDP/abs/html/">Bash Scripting</ulink> guide is too much of a reference work. There is nothing in between these two extremes. I also wrote this guide on the general principal that not enough free basic courses are available, though they should be.</para>
|
||||
<para>The primary reason for writing this document is that a lot of readers feel the existing <ulink url="http://tldp.org/HOWTO/Bash-Prog-Intro-HOWTO.html">HOWTO</ulink> to be too short and incomplete, while the <ulink url="http://tldp.org/LDP/abs/html/">Bash Scripting</ulink> guide is too much of a reference work. There is nothing in between these two extremes. I also wrote this guide on the general principle that not enough free basic courses are available, though they should be.</para>
|
||||
<para>This is a practical guide which, while not always being too serious, tries to give real-life instead of theoretical examples. I partly wrote it because I don't get excited with stripped down and over-simplified examples written by people who know what they are talking about, showing some really cool Bash feature so much out of its context that you cannot ever use it in practical circumstances. You can read that sort of stuff after finishing this book, which contains exercises and examples that will help you survive in the real world.</para>
|
||||
<para>From my experience as UNIX/Linux user, system administrator and trainer, I know that people can have years of daily interaction with their systems, without having the slightest knowledge of task automation. Thus they often think that UNIX is not userfriendly, and even worse, they get the impression that it is slow and old-fashioned. This problem is another one that can be remedied by this guide.</para>
|
||||
<para>From my experience as UNIX/Linux user, system administrator and trainer, I know that people can have years of daily interaction with their systems, without having the slightest knowledge of task automation. Thus they often think that UNIX is not user-friendly, and even worse, they get the impression that it is slow and old-fashioned. This problem is another one that can be remedied by this guide.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
</section>
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -55,7 +55,7 @@
|
|||
<row><entry>[ <filename>FILE1</filename> <option>-ot</option> <filename>FILE2</filename> ]</entry><entry>True if <filename>FILE1</filename> is older than <filename>FILE2</filename>, or is <filename>FILE2</filename> exists and <filename>FILE1</filename> does not.</entry></row>
|
||||
<row><entry>[ <filename>FILE1</filename> <option>-ef</option> <filename>FILE2</filename> ]</entry><entry>True if <filename>FILE1</filename> and <filename>FILE2</filename> refer to the same device and inode numbers.</entry></row>
|
||||
<row><entry>[ <option>-o</option> OPTIONNAME ]</entry><entry>True if shell option <quote>OPTIONNAME</quote> is enabled.</entry></row>
|
||||
<row><entry><option>[ -z</option> STRING ]</entry><entry>True of the length if <quote>STRING</quote> is zero.</entry></row>
|
||||
<row><entry><option>[ -z</option> STRING ]</entry><entry>True if the length if <quote>STRING</quote> is zero.</entry></row>
|
||||
<row><entry><option>[ -n</option> STRING ] or [ STRING ]</entry><entry>True if the length of <quote>STRING</quote> is non-zero.</entry></row>
|
||||
<row><entry>[ STRING1 == STRING2 ] </entry><entry>True if the strings are equal. <quote>=</quote> may be used instead of <quote>==</quote> for strict POSIX compliance.</entry></row>
|
||||
<row><entry>[ STRING1 != STRING2 ] </entry><entry>True if the strings are not equal.</entry></row>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,532 @@
|
|||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
|
||||
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- XML file was created by LyX 2.1.4
|
||||
See http://www.lyx.org/ for more information -->
|
||||
<article lang="en_US">
|
||||
<articleinfo>
|
||||
<title>Package Management Basics: apt, yum, dnf, pkg</title>
|
||||
</articleinfo><sect1>
|
||||
<title>Introduction</title>
|
||||
<sect2>
|
||||
<title>Why was this document written?</title>
|
||||
<para>Most modern Unix-like operating systems offer a centralized mechanism for finding and installing software. Software is usually distributed in the form of;packages, kept in;repositories. Working with packages is known as;package management. Packages provide the basic components of an operating system, along with shared libraries, applications, services, and documentation.</para>
|
||||
<para>A package management system does much more than one-time installation of software. It also provides tools for upgrading already-installed packages. Package repositories help to ensure that code has been vetted for use on your system, and that the installed versions of software have been approved by developers and package maintainers.</para>
|
||||
<para>When configuring servers or development environments, it's often necessary look beyond official repositories. Packages in the stable release of a distribution may be out of date, especially where new or rapidly-changing software is concerned. Nevertheless, package management is a vital skill for system administrators and developers, and the wealth of packaged software for major distributions is a tremendous resource.</para>
|
||||
<para>This guide is intended as a quick reference for the fundamentals of finding, installing, and upgrading packages on a variety of distributions, and should help you translate that knowledge between systems.</para></sect2><sect2>
|
||||
<title>Audience</title>
|
||||
<para>For those new to Linux who need a basic understanding of package management.</para></sect2><sect2>
|
||||
<title>Original version of this doc</title>
|
||||
<para>The original version of this guide can be found at <ulink url="https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/package-management-basics-apt-yum-dnf-pkg">Digital Ocean</ulink>.</para></sect2><sect2>
|
||||
<title>Revision History</title>
|
||||
<informaltable><tgroup cols="3" colsep="1" rowsep="1">
|
||||
<colspec colname="col0" align="center"/>
|
||||
<colspec colname="col1" align="center"/>
|
||||
<colspec colname="col2" align="center"/>
|
||||
<tbody>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">15.1.2016</entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">v1.0 converted and edited for TLDP</entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Jason Evans</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
</tbody>
|
||||
</tgroup></informaltable></sect2><sect2>
|
||||
<title>Contributions</title>
|
||||
<itemizedlist>
|
||||
<listitem><para><ulink url="https://www.digitalocean.com/community/users/bpb">Brennen Bearnes</ulink> (original author).</para></listitem><listitem><para><ulink url="http://wiki.tldp.org/Jason%20Evans">Jason Evans</ulink> (editor and maintainer for TLDP)</para></listitem></itemizedlist></sect2><sect2>
|
||||
<title>Feedback</title>
|
||||
<para>Missing information, missing links, missing characters? Mail it to the maintainer of this document: <ulink url="mailto://jsevans at youvegotthe.info">jsevans at youvegotthe.info</ulink></para></sect2><sect2>
|
||||
<title>Copyright information</title>
|
||||
<para>This work is licensed under a <ulink url="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License</ulink>.</para></sect2><sect2>
|
||||
<title>What do you need?</title>
|
||||
<para>This guide covers Debian, Ubuntu, CentOS, Fedora, and FreeBSD and will require one of those distributions to be installed</para></sect2></sect1><sect1>
|
||||
<title>Package Management Systems: A Brief Overview</title>
|
||||
<para>Most package systems are built around collections of package files. A package file is usually an archive which contains compiled binaries and other resources making up the software, along with installation scripts. Packages also contain valuable metadata, including their;dependencies, a list of other packages required to install and run them.</para>
|
||||
<para>While their functionality and benefits are broadly similar, packaging formats and tools vary by platform:</para>
|
||||
<informaltable><tgroup cols="3" colsep="1" rowsep="1">
|
||||
<colspec colname="col0" align="center"/>
|
||||
<colspec colname="col1" align="left"/>
|
||||
<colspec colname="col2" align="center"/>
|
||||
<thead>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Operating System </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">Format </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Tool(s)</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
</thead>
|
||||
<tbody>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Debian </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">.deb </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">apt, apt-cache, apt-get, dpkg</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Ubuntu </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">.deb </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">apt, apt-cache, apt-get, dpkg</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">CentOS </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">.rpm </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">yum</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Fedora </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">.rpm </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">dnf</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">FreeBSD </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">Ports,;.txz </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">make, pkg</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
</tbody>
|
||||
</tgroup></informaltable>
|
||||
<para>In Debian and systems based on it, like Ubuntu, Linux Mint, and Raspbian, the package format is the;.debfile. APT, the Advanced Packaging Tool, provides commands used for most common operations: Searching repositories, installing collections of packages and their dependencies, and managing upgrades. APT commands operate as a front-end to the lower-level;dpkg;utility, which handles the installation of individual;.deb;files on the local system, and is sometimes invoked directly.</para>
|
||||
<para>CentOS, Fedora, and other members of the Red Hat family use RPM files. In CentOS,;yum;is used to interact with both individual package files and repositories.</para>
|
||||
<para>In recent versions of Fedora,;yum;has been supplanted by;dnf, a modernized fork which retains most ofyum's interface.</para>
|
||||
<para>FreeBSD's binary package system is administered with the;pkg;command. FreeBSD also offers the Ports Collection, a local directory structure and tools which allow the user to fetch, compile, and install packages directly from source using Makefiles. It's usually much more convenient to use;pkg, but occasionally a pre-compiled package is unavailable, or you may need to change compile-time options.</para><sect2>
|
||||
<title>Update Package Lists</title>
|
||||
<para>Most systems keep a local database of the packages available from remote repositories. It's best to update this database before installing or upgrading packages. As a partial exception to this pattern,;yumand;dnf;will check for updates before performing some operations, but you can ask them at any time whether updates are available.</para>
|
||||
<informaltable><tgroup cols="2" colsep="1" rowsep="1">
|
||||
<colspec colname="col0" align="center"/>
|
||||
<colspec colname="col1" align="center"/>
|
||||
<thead>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">System </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Command</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
</thead>
|
||||
<tbody>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Debian / Ubuntu </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">sudo apt-get update</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">CentOS </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">yum check-update</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Fedora </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">dnf check-update</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">FreeBSD Packages </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">sudo pkg update</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">FreeBSD Ports </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">sudo portsnap fetch update</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
</tbody>
|
||||
</tgroup></informaltable></sect2><sect2>
|
||||
<title>Upgrade Installed Packages</title>
|
||||
<para>Making sure that all of the installed software on a machine stays up to date would be an enormous undertaking without a package system. You would have to track upstream changes and security alerts for hundreds of different packages. While a package manager doesn't solve every problem you'll encounter when upgrading software, it does enable you to maintain most system components with a few commands.</para>
|
||||
<para>On FreeBSD, upgrading installed ports can introduce breaking changes or require manual configuration steps. It's best to read;/usr/ports/UPDATING;before upgrading with;portmaster.</para>
|
||||
<informaltable><tgroup cols="3" colsep="1" rowsep="1">
|
||||
<colspec colname="col0" align="center"/>
|
||||
<colspec colname="col1" align="left"/>
|
||||
<colspec colname="col2" align="center"/>
|
||||
<thead>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">System </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">Command </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Notes</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
</thead>
|
||||
<tbody>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Debian / Ubuntu </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">sudo apt-get upgrade </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Only upgrades installed packages, where possible.</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top"></entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">sudo apt-get dist-upgrade </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">May add or remove packages to satisfy new dependencies.</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">CentOS </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">sudo yum update </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top"></entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Fedora </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">sudo dnf upgrade </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top"></entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">FreeBSD Packages </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">sudo pkg upgrade </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top"></entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">FreeBSD Ports </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">less /usr/ports/UPDATING </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Uses;less;to view update notes for ports (use arrow keys to scroll, pressq;to quit).</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top"></entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">cd /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/portmaster && sudo make install && sudo portmaster -a </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Installs;portmaster;and uses it to update installed ports.</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
</tbody>
|
||||
</tgroup></informaltable></sect2><sect2>
|
||||
<title>Find a Package</title>
|
||||
<para>Most distributions offer a graphical or menu-driven front end to package collections. These can be a good way to browse by category and discover new software. Often, however, the quickest and most effective way to locate a package is to search with command-line tools.</para>
|
||||
<informaltable><tgroup cols="3" colsep="1" rowsep="1">
|
||||
<colspec colname="col0" align="center"/>
|
||||
<colspec colname="col1" align="left"/>
|
||||
<colspec colname="col2" align="center"/>
|
||||
<thead>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">System </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">Command </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Notes</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
</thead>
|
||||
<tbody>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Debian / Ubuntu </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">apt-cache search;search_string </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top"></entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">CentOS </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">yum search;search_string </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top"></entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top"></entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">yum search all;search_string </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Searches all fields, including description.</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Fedora </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">dnf search;search_string </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top"></entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top"></entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">dnf search all;search_string </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Searches all fields, including description.</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">FreeBSD Packages </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">pkg search;search_string </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Searches by name.</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top"></entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">pkg search -f;search_string </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Searches by name, returning full descriptions.</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top"></entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">pkg search -D;search_string </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Searches description.</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">FreeBSD Ports </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">cd /usr/ports && make search name=package </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Searches by name.</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top"></entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">cd /usr/ports && make search key=search_string </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Searches comments, descriptions, and dependencies.</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
</tbody>
|
||||
</tgroup></informaltable></sect2><sect2>
|
||||
<title>View Info About a Specific Package</title>
|
||||
<para>When deciding what to install, it's often helpful to read detailed descriptions of packages. Along with human-readable text, these often include metadata like version numbers and a list of the package's dependencies.</para>
|
||||
<informaltable><tgroup cols="3" colsep="1" rowsep="1">
|
||||
<colspec colname="col0" align="center"/>
|
||||
<colspec colname="col1" align="left"/>
|
||||
<colspec colname="col2" align="center"/>
|
||||
<thead>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">System </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">Command </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Notes</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
</thead>
|
||||
<tbody>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Debian / Ubuntu </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">apt-cache show;package </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Shows locally-cached info about a package.</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top"></entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">dpkg -s;package </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Shows the current installed status of a package.</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">CentOS </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">yum info;package </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top"></entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top"></entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">yum deplist;package </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Lists dependencies for a package.</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Fedora </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">dnf info;package </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top"></entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top"></entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">dnf repoquery -\/-requires;package </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Lists dependencies for a package.</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">FreeBSD Packages </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">pkg info;package </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Shows info for an installed package.</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">FreeBSD Ports </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">cd /usr/ports/category/port;&& cat pkg-descr </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top"></entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
</tbody>
|
||||
</tgroup></informaltable></sect2><sect2>
|
||||
<title>Install a Package from Repositories</title>
|
||||
<para>Once you know the name of a package, you can usually install it and its dependencies with a single command. In general, you can supply multiple packages to install simply by listing them all.</para>
|
||||
<informaltable><tgroup cols="3" colsep="1" rowsep="1">
|
||||
<colspec colname="col0" align="center"/>
|
||||
<colspec colname="col1" align="left"/>
|
||||
<colspec colname="col2" align="center"/>
|
||||
<thead>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">System </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">Command </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Notes</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
</thead>
|
||||
<tbody>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Debian / Ubuntu </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">sudo apt-get install;package </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top"></entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top"></entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">sudo apt-get install;package1 package2 ... </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Installs all listed packages.</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top"></entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">sudo apt-get install -y;package </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Assumes "yes" where;apt;would usually prompt to continue.</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">CentOS </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">sudo yum install;package </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top"></entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top"></entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">sudo yum install;package1 package2 ... </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Installs all listed packages.</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top"></entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">sudo yum install -y;package </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Assumes "yes" where;yum;would usually prompt to continue.</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Fedora </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">sudo dnf install;package </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top"></entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top"></entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">sudo dnf install;package1 package2 ... </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Installs all listed packages.</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top"></entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">sudo dnf install -y;package </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Assumes "yes" where;dnf;would usually prompt to continue.</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">FreeBSD Packages </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">sudo pkg install;package </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top"></entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top"></entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">sudo pkg install;package1 package2 ... </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Installs all listed packages.</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">FreeBSD Ports </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">cd /usr/ports/category/port;&& sudo make install </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Builds and installs a port from source.</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
</tbody>
|
||||
</tgroup></informaltable></sect2><sect2>
|
||||
<title>Install a Package from the Local Filesystem</title>
|
||||
<para>Sometimes, even though software isn't officially packaged for a given operating system, a developer or vendor will offer package files for download. You can usually retrieve these with your web browser, or viacurl;on the command line. Once a package is on the target system, it can often be installed with a single command.</para>
|
||||
<para>On Debian-derived systems,;dpkg;handles individual package files. If a package has unmet dependencies,;gdebi;can often be used to retrieve them from official repositories.</para>
|
||||
<para>On CentOS and Fedora systems,;yum;and;dnf;are used to install individual files, and will also handle needed dependencies.</para>
|
||||
<informaltable><tgroup cols="3" colsep="1" rowsep="1">
|
||||
<colspec colname="col0" align="center"/>
|
||||
<colspec colname="col1" align="left"/>
|
||||
<colspec colname="col2" align="center"/>
|
||||
<thead>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">System </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">Command </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Notes</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
</thead>
|
||||
<tbody>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Debian / Ubuntu </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">sudo dpkg -i;package.deb </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top"></entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top"></entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">sudo apt-get install -ygdebi && sudo gdebipackage.deb </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Installs and uses gdebi to install package.deb and retrieve any missing dependencies.</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">CentOS </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">sudo yum install;package.rpm </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top"></entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Fedora </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">sudo dnf install;package.rpm </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top"></entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">FreeBSD Packages </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">sudo pkg add;package.txz </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top"></entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top"></entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">sudo pkg add -f;package.txz </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Installs package even if already installed.</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
</tbody>
|
||||
</tgroup></informaltable></sect2><sect2>
|
||||
<title>Remove One or More Installed Packages</title>
|
||||
<para>Since a package manager knows what files are provided by a given package, it can usually remove them cleanly from a system if the software is no longer needed.</para>
|
||||
<informaltable><tgroup cols="3" colsep="1" rowsep="1">
|
||||
<colspec colname="col0" align="center"/>
|
||||
<colspec colname="col1" align="left"/>
|
||||
<colspec colname="col2" align="center"/>
|
||||
<thead>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">System </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">Command </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Notes</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
</thead>
|
||||
<tbody>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Debian / Ubuntu </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">sudo apt-get remove;package </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top"></entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top"></entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">sudo apt-get autoremove </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Removes unneeded packages.</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">CentOS </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">sudo yum remove;package </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top"></entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Fedora </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">sudo dnf erase;package </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top"></entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">FreeBSD Packages </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">sudo pkg delete;package </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top"></entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top"></entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">sudo pkg autoremove </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Removes unneeded packages.</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">FreeBSD Ports </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">sudo pkg delete;package </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top"></entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top"></entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">cd /usr/ports/path_to_port;&& make deinstall </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">De-installs an installed port.</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
</tbody>
|
||||
</tgroup></informaltable></sect2><sect2>
|
||||
<title>Get Help</title>
|
||||
<para>In addition to web-based documentation, keep in mind that Unix manual pages (usually referred to as;man pages) are available for most commands from the shell. To read a page, use man:</para><screen>
|
||||
<![CDATA[$ man page
|
||||
]]></screen><para>In man, you can navigate with the arrow keys. Press / to search for text within the page, and q to quit.</para>
|
||||
<informaltable><tgroup cols="3" colsep="1" rowsep="1">
|
||||
<colspec colname="col0" align="center"/>
|
||||
<colspec colname="col1" align="left"/>
|
||||
<colspec colname="col2" align="center"/>
|
||||
<thead>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">System </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">Command </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Notes</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
</thead>
|
||||
<tbody>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Debian / Ubuntu </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">man apt-get </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Updating the local package database and working with packages.</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top"></entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">man apt-cache </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Querying the local package database.</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top"></entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">man dpkg </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Working with individual package files and querying installed packages.</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">CentOS </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">man yum </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top"></entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Fedora </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">man dnf </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top"></entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">FreeBSD Packages </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">man pkg </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Working with pre-compiled binary packages.</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">FreeBSD Ports </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">man ports </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Working with the Ports Collection.</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
</tbody>
|
||||
</tgroup></informaltable></sect2></sect1><sect1>
|
||||
<title>Conclusion and Further Reading</title>
|
||||
<para>This guide provides an overview of basic operations that can be cross-referenced between systems, but only scratches the surface of a complex topic. For greater detail on a given system, you can consult the following resources:</para><orderedlist>
|
||||
<listitem><para><ulink url="https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/ubuntu-and-debian-package-management-essentials">This guide</ulink> covers Ubuntu and Debian package management in detail. </para></listitem><listitem><para>There's an <ulink url="https://www.centos.org/docs/5/html/yum/">official CentOS guide to managing software with~</ulink><ulink url="https://www.centos.org/docs/5/html/yum/">yum</ulink>. </para></listitem><listitem><para>There's a <ulink url="https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Dnf">Fedora wiki page about~</ulink><ulink url="https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Dnf">dnf</ulink>, and an <ulink url="https://dnf.readthedocs.org/en/latest/index.html">official manual for~</ulink><ulink url="https://dnf.readthedocs.org/en/latest/index.html">dnf</ulink><ulink url="https://dnf.readthedocs.org/en/latest/index.html">~itself</ulink>. </para></listitem><listitem><para><ulink url="https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-manage-packages-on-freebsd-10-1-with-pkg">This guide</ulink> covers FreeBSD package management using pkg. </para></listitem><listitem><para>The <ulink url="https://www.freebsd.org/doc/handbook/">FreeBSD Handbook</ulink>;contains a;<ulink url="https://www.freebsd.org/doc/handbook/ports-using.html">section on using the Ports Collection</ulink>. </para></listitem></orderedlist></sect1></article>
|
||||
|
|
@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ All about redirection
|
|||
<sect1>
|
||||
Sample: stdout 2 stderr
|
||||
<p> This will cause the stdout ouput of a program to be written to the same filedescriptor
|
||||
than stderr.
|
||||
as stderr.
|
||||
<tscreen><verb>
|
||||
grep da * 1>&2
|
||||
</verb></tscreen>
|
||||
|
|
@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ All about redirection
|
|||
<sect1>
|
||||
Sample: stderr 2 stdout
|
||||
<p> This will cause the stderr ouput of a program to be written to the same filedescriptor
|
||||
than stdout.
|
||||
as stdout.
|
||||
<tscreen><verb>
|
||||
grep * 2>&1
|
||||
</verb></tscreen>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,309 @@
|
|||
#LyX 2.1 created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/
|
||||
\lyxformat 474
|
||||
\begin_document
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
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|
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|
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||||
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|
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
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|
||||
\shortcut idx
|
||||
\color #008000
|
||||
\end_index
|
||||
\secnumdepth 3
|
||||
\tocdepth 3
|
||||
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|
||||
\paragraph_indentation default
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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||||
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|
||||
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|
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|
||||
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|
||||
\end_header
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_body
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Section
|
||||
About this document
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Subsection
|
||||
Copyright and License
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||||
This work is licensed under the
|
||||
\begin_inset CommandInset href
|
||||
LatexCommand href
|
||||
name "Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License"
|
||||
target "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"
|
||||
|
||||
\end_inset
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Subsection
|
||||
Revision History
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Standard
|
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|
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<lyxtabular version="3" rows="1" columns="3">
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|
||||
17.1.2016
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
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|
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|
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|
||||
v1.0 First draft written
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
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\end_inset
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|
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<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
|
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\begin_inset Text
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
||||
Jason Evans
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\end_inset
|
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</cell>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
</lyxtabular>
|
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|
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\end_inset
|
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|
||||
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Subsection
|
||||
Contributions
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Itemize
|
||||
\begin_inset CommandInset href
|
||||
LatexCommand href
|
||||
name "Jason Evans"
|
||||
target "http://wiki.tldp.org/Jason%20Evans"
|
||||
|
||||
\end_inset
|
||||
|
||||
(Original author and maintainer for TLDP)
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Subsection
|
||||
Feedback
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||||
\begin_inset CommandInset label
|
||||
LatexCommand label
|
||||
name "feedback"
|
||||
|
||||
\end_inset
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||||
Find something wrong with this document? (Or perhaps something right?) I
|
||||
would love to hear from you.
|
||||
Please email me at
|
||||
\begin_inset CommandInset href
|
||||
LatexCommand href
|
||||
name "jsevans_at_youvegotthe.info"
|
||||
target "jsevans_at_youvegotthe.info"
|
||||
type "mailto:"
|
||||
|
||||
\end_inset
|
||||
|
||||
.
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Section
|
||||
About My Topic
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||||
\begin_inset CommandInset label
|
||||
LatexCommand label
|
||||
name "about"
|
||||
|
||||
\end_inset
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||||
In the past, The Linux Documentation Project used CVS as a version control
|
||||
system, however a few years ago it was moved to GitHub but there was no
|
||||
accompanying documentation for adding new material to TLDP
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Section
|
||||
Basic Terminology and Commands
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||||
Push
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||||
Pull
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||||
Commit
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||||
Branch
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||||
Repository
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||||
Fork
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||||
Clone
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||||
Diff
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||||
Fetch
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Section
|
||||
What is Git and GutHub?
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Subsection
|
||||
What is Git?
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Subsection
|
||||
What does GitHub do?
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Section
|
||||
Installing Git
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Subsection
|
||||
From Ubuntu or Debian
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Code
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install git
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Subsection
|
||||
From Fedora, CentOS, or RHEL
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Code
|
||||
$ sudo yum install git
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Subsection
|
||||
From Fedora 23 or later
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Code
|
||||
$ sudo dnf install git
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Subsection
|
||||
From OpenSuSE or SLES
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Code
|
||||
$ sudo zypper install git
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Section
|
||||
Finding TLDP on GitHub
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||||
TLDP's main GitHub url is
|
||||
\begin_inset CommandInset href
|
||||
LatexCommand href
|
||||
target "https://github.com/tLDP/LDP"
|
||||
|
||||
\end_inset
|
||||
|
||||
.
|
||||
Anyone can download the documents in TLDP anonymously, but an acount on
|
||||
github.com is required to upload
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\end_body
|
||||
\end_document
|
||||
File diff suppressed because it is too large
Load Diff
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,532 @@
|
|||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
|
||||
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- XML file was created by LyX 2.1.4
|
||||
See http://www.lyx.org/ for more information -->
|
||||
<article lang="en_US">
|
||||
<articleinfo>
|
||||
<title>Package Management Basics: apt, yum, dnf, pkg</title>
|
||||
</articleinfo><sect1>
|
||||
<title>Introduction</title>
|
||||
<sect2>
|
||||
<title>Why was this document written?</title>
|
||||
<para>Most modern Unix-like operating systems offer a centralized mechanism for finding and installing software. Software is usually distributed in the form of;packages, kept in;repositories. Working with packages is known as;package management. Packages provide the basic components of an operating system, along with shared libraries, applications, services, and documentation.</para>
|
||||
<para>A package management system does much more than one-time installation of software. It also provides tools for upgrading already-installed packages. Package repositories help to ensure that code has been vetted for use on your system, and that the installed versions of software have been approved by developers and package maintainers.</para>
|
||||
<para>When configuring servers or development environments, it's often necessary look beyond official repositories. Packages in the stable release of a distribution may be out of date, especially where new or rapidly-changing software is concerned. Nevertheless, package management is a vital skill for system administrators and developers, and the wealth of packaged software for major distributions is a tremendous resource.</para>
|
||||
<para>This guide is intended as a quick reference for the fundamentals of finding, installing, and upgrading packages on a variety of distributions, and should help you translate that knowledge between systems.</para></sect2><sect2>
|
||||
<title>Audience</title>
|
||||
<para>For those new to Linux who need a basic understanding of package management.</para></sect2><sect2>
|
||||
<title>Original version of this doc</title>
|
||||
<para>The original version of this guide can be found at <ulink url="https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/package-management-basics-apt-yum-dnf-pkg">Digital Ocean</ulink>.</para></sect2><sect2>
|
||||
<title>Revision History</title>
|
||||
<informaltable><tgroup cols="3" colsep="1" rowsep="1">
|
||||
<colspec colname="col0" align="center"/>
|
||||
<colspec colname="col1" align="center"/>
|
||||
<colspec colname="col2" align="center"/>
|
||||
<tbody>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">15.1.2016</entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">v1.0 converted and edited for TLDP</entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Jason Evans</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
</tbody>
|
||||
</tgroup></informaltable></sect2><sect2>
|
||||
<title>Contributions</title>
|
||||
<itemizedlist>
|
||||
<listitem><para><ulink url="https://www.digitalocean.com/community/users/bpb">Brennen Bearnes</ulink> (original author).</para></listitem><listitem><para><ulink url="http://wiki.tldp.org/Jason%20Evans">Jason Evans</ulink> (editor and maintainer for TLDP)</para></listitem></itemizedlist></sect2><sect2>
|
||||
<title>Feedback</title>
|
||||
<para>Missing information, missing links, missing characters? Mail it to the maintainer of this document: <ulink url="mailto://jsevans at youvegotthe.info">jsevans at youvegotthe.info</ulink></para></sect2><sect2>
|
||||
<title>Copyright information</title>
|
||||
<para>This work is licensed under a <ulink url="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License</ulink>.</para></sect2><sect2>
|
||||
<title>What do you need?</title>
|
||||
<para>This guide covers Debian, Ubuntu, CentOS, Fedora, and FreeBSD and will require one of those distributions to be installed</para></sect2></sect1><sect1>
|
||||
<title>Package Management Systems: A Brief Overview</title>
|
||||
<para>Most package systems are built around collections of package files. A package file is usually an archive which contains compiled binaries and other resources making up the software, along with installation scripts. Packages also contain valuable metadata, including their;dependencies, a list of other packages required to install and run them.</para>
|
||||
<para>While their functionality and benefits are broadly similar, packaging formats and tools vary by platform:</para>
|
||||
<informaltable><tgroup cols="3" colsep="1" rowsep="1">
|
||||
<colspec colname="col0" align="center"/>
|
||||
<colspec colname="col1" align="left"/>
|
||||
<colspec colname="col2" align="center"/>
|
||||
<thead>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Operating System </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">Format </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Tool(s)</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
</thead>
|
||||
<tbody>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Debian </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">.deb </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">apt, apt-cache, apt-get, dpkg</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Ubuntu </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">.deb </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">apt, apt-cache, apt-get, dpkg</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">CentOS </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">.rpm </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">yum</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Fedora </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">.rpm </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">dnf</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">FreeBSD </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">Ports,;.txz </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">make, pkg</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
</tbody>
|
||||
</tgroup></informaltable>
|
||||
<para>In Debian and systems based on it, like Ubuntu, Linux Mint, and Raspbian, the package format is the;.debfile. APT, the Advanced Packaging Tool, provides commands used for most common operations: Searching repositories, installing collections of packages and their dependencies, and managing upgrades. APT commands operate as a front-end to the lower-level;dpkg;utility, which handles the installation of individual;.deb;files on the local system, and is sometimes invoked directly.</para>
|
||||
<para>CentOS, Fedora, and other members of the Red Hat family use RPM files. In CentOS,;yum;is used to interact with both individual package files and repositories.</para>
|
||||
<para>In recent versions of Fedora,;yum;has been supplanted by;dnf, a modernized fork which retains most ofyum's interface.</para>
|
||||
<para>FreeBSD's binary package system is administered with the;pkg;command. FreeBSD also offers the Ports Collection, a local directory structure and tools which allow the user to fetch, compile, and install packages directly from source using Makefiles. It's usually much more convenient to use;pkg, but occasionally a pre-compiled package is unavailable, or you may need to change compile-time options.</para><sect2>
|
||||
<title>Update Package Lists</title>
|
||||
<para>Most systems keep a local database of the packages available from remote repositories. It's best to update this database before installing or upgrading packages. As a partial exception to this pattern,;yumand;dnf;will check for updates before performing some operations, but you can ask them at any time whether updates are available.</para>
|
||||
<informaltable><tgroup cols="2" colsep="1" rowsep="1">
|
||||
<colspec colname="col0" align="center"/>
|
||||
<colspec colname="col1" align="center"/>
|
||||
<thead>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">System </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Command</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
</thead>
|
||||
<tbody>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Debian / Ubuntu </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">sudo apt-get update</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">CentOS </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">yum check-update</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Fedora </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">dnf check-update</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">FreeBSD Packages </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">sudo pkg update</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">FreeBSD Ports </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">sudo portsnap fetch update</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
</tbody>
|
||||
</tgroup></informaltable></sect2><sect2>
|
||||
<title>Upgrade Installed Packages</title>
|
||||
<para>Making sure that all of the installed software on a machine stays up to date would be an enormous undertaking without a package system. You would have to track upstream changes and security alerts for hundreds of different packages. While a package manager doesn't solve every problem you'll encounter when upgrading software, it does enable you to maintain most system components with a few commands.</para>
|
||||
<para>On FreeBSD, upgrading installed ports can introduce breaking changes or require manual configuration steps. It's best to read;/usr/ports/UPDATING;before upgrading with;portmaster.</para>
|
||||
<informaltable><tgroup cols="3" colsep="1" rowsep="1">
|
||||
<colspec colname="col0" align="center"/>
|
||||
<colspec colname="col1" align="left"/>
|
||||
<colspec colname="col2" align="center"/>
|
||||
<thead>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">System </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">Command </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Notes</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
</thead>
|
||||
<tbody>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Debian / Ubuntu </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">sudo apt-get upgrade </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Only upgrades installed packages, where possible.</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top"></entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">sudo apt-get dist-upgrade </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">May add or remove packages to satisfy new dependencies.</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">CentOS </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">sudo yum update </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top"></entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Fedora </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">sudo dnf upgrade </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top"></entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">FreeBSD Packages </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">sudo pkg upgrade </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top"></entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">FreeBSD Ports </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">less /usr/ports/UPDATING </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Uses;less;to view update notes for ports (use arrow keys to scroll, pressq;to quit).</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top"></entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">cd /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/portmaster && sudo make install && sudo portmaster -a </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Installs;portmaster;and uses it to update installed ports.</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
</tbody>
|
||||
</tgroup></informaltable></sect2><sect2>
|
||||
<title>Find a Package</title>
|
||||
<para>Most distributions offer a graphical or menu-driven front end to package collections. These can be a good way to browse by category and discover new software. Often, however, the quickest and most effective way to locate a package is to search with command-line tools.</para>
|
||||
<informaltable><tgroup cols="3" colsep="1" rowsep="1">
|
||||
<colspec colname="col0" align="center"/>
|
||||
<colspec colname="col1" align="left"/>
|
||||
<colspec colname="col2" align="center"/>
|
||||
<thead>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">System </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">Command </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Notes</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
</thead>
|
||||
<tbody>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Debian / Ubuntu </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">apt-cache search;search_string </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top"></entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">CentOS </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">yum search;search_string </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top"></entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top"></entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">yum search all;search_string </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Searches all fields, including description.</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Fedora </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">dnf search;search_string </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top"></entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top"></entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">dnf search all;search_string </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Searches all fields, including description.</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">FreeBSD Packages </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">pkg search;search_string </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Searches by name.</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top"></entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">pkg search -f;search_string </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Searches by name, returning full descriptions.</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top"></entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">pkg search -D;search_string </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Searches description.</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">FreeBSD Ports </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">cd /usr/ports && make search name=package </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Searches by name.</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top"></entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">cd /usr/ports && make search key=search_string </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Searches comments, descriptions, and dependencies.</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
</tbody>
|
||||
</tgroup></informaltable></sect2><sect2>
|
||||
<title>View Info About a Specific Package</title>
|
||||
<para>When deciding what to install, it's often helpful to read detailed descriptions of packages. Along with human-readable text, these often include metadata like version numbers and a list of the package's dependencies.</para>
|
||||
<informaltable><tgroup cols="3" colsep="1" rowsep="1">
|
||||
<colspec colname="col0" align="center"/>
|
||||
<colspec colname="col1" align="left"/>
|
||||
<colspec colname="col2" align="center"/>
|
||||
<thead>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">System </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">Command </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Notes</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
</thead>
|
||||
<tbody>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Debian / Ubuntu </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">apt-cache show;package </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Shows locally-cached info about a package.</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top"></entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">dpkg -s;package </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Shows the current installed status of a package.</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">CentOS </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">yum info;package </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top"></entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top"></entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">yum deplist;package </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Lists dependencies for a package.</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Fedora </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">dnf info;package </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top"></entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top"></entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">dnf repoquery -\/-requires;package </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Lists dependencies for a package.</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">FreeBSD Packages </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">pkg info;package </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Shows info for an installed package.</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">FreeBSD Ports </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">cd /usr/ports/category/port;&& cat pkg-descr </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top"></entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
</tbody>
|
||||
</tgroup></informaltable></sect2><sect2>
|
||||
<title>Install a Package from Repositories</title>
|
||||
<para>Once you know the name of a package, you can usually install it and its dependencies with a single command. In general, you can supply multiple packages to install simply by listing them all.</para>
|
||||
<informaltable><tgroup cols="3" colsep="1" rowsep="1">
|
||||
<colspec colname="col0" align="center"/>
|
||||
<colspec colname="col1" align="left"/>
|
||||
<colspec colname="col2" align="center"/>
|
||||
<thead>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">System </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">Command </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Notes</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
</thead>
|
||||
<tbody>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Debian / Ubuntu </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">sudo apt-get install;package </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top"></entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top"></entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">sudo apt-get install;package1 package2 ... </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Installs all listed packages.</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top"></entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">sudo apt-get install -y;package </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Assumes "yes" where;apt;would usually prompt to continue.</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">CentOS </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">sudo yum install;package </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top"></entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top"></entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">sudo yum install;package1 package2 ... </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Installs all listed packages.</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top"></entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">sudo yum install -y;package </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Assumes "yes" where;yum;would usually prompt to continue.</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Fedora </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">sudo dnf install;package </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top"></entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top"></entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">sudo dnf install;package1 package2 ... </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Installs all listed packages.</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top"></entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">sudo dnf install -y;package </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Assumes "yes" where;dnf;would usually prompt to continue.</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">FreeBSD Packages </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">sudo pkg install;package </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top"></entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top"></entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">sudo pkg install;package1 package2 ... </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Installs all listed packages.</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">FreeBSD Ports </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">cd /usr/ports/category/port;&& sudo make install </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Builds and installs a port from source.</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
</tbody>
|
||||
</tgroup></informaltable></sect2><sect2>
|
||||
<title>Install a Package from the Local Filesystem</title>
|
||||
<para>Sometimes, even though software isn't officially packaged for a given operating system, a developer or vendor will offer package files for download. You can usually retrieve these with your web browser, or viacurl;on the command line. Once a package is on the target system, it can often be installed with a single command.</para>
|
||||
<para>On Debian-derived systems,;dpkg;handles individual package files. If a package has unmet dependencies,;gdebi;can often be used to retrieve them from official repositories.</para>
|
||||
<para>On CentOS and Fedora systems,;yum;and;dnf;are used to install individual files, and will also handle needed dependencies.</para>
|
||||
<informaltable><tgroup cols="3" colsep="1" rowsep="1">
|
||||
<colspec colname="col0" align="center"/>
|
||||
<colspec colname="col1" align="left"/>
|
||||
<colspec colname="col2" align="center"/>
|
||||
<thead>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">System </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">Command </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Notes</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
</thead>
|
||||
<tbody>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Debian / Ubuntu </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">sudo dpkg -i;package.deb </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top"></entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top"></entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">sudo apt-get install -ygdebi && sudo gdebipackage.deb </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Installs and uses gdebi to install package.deb and retrieve any missing dependencies.</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">CentOS </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">sudo yum install;package.rpm </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top"></entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Fedora </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">sudo dnf install;package.rpm </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top"></entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">FreeBSD Packages </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">sudo pkg add;package.txz </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top"></entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top"></entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">sudo pkg add -f;package.txz </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Installs package even if already installed.</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
</tbody>
|
||||
</tgroup></informaltable></sect2><sect2>
|
||||
<title>Remove One or More Installed Packages</title>
|
||||
<para>Since a package manager knows what files are provided by a given package, it can usually remove them cleanly from a system if the software is no longer needed.</para>
|
||||
<informaltable><tgroup cols="3" colsep="1" rowsep="1">
|
||||
<colspec colname="col0" align="center"/>
|
||||
<colspec colname="col1" align="left"/>
|
||||
<colspec colname="col2" align="center"/>
|
||||
<thead>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">System </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">Command </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Notes</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
</thead>
|
||||
<tbody>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Debian / Ubuntu </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">sudo apt-get remove;package </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top"></entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top"></entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">sudo apt-get autoremove </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Removes unneeded packages.</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">CentOS </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">sudo yum remove;package </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top"></entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Fedora </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">sudo dnf erase;package </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top"></entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">FreeBSD Packages </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">sudo pkg delete;package </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top"></entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top"></entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">sudo pkg autoremove </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Removes unneeded packages.</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">FreeBSD Ports </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">sudo pkg delete;package </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top"></entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top"></entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">cd /usr/ports/path_to_port;&& make deinstall </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">De-installs an installed port.</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
</tbody>
|
||||
</tgroup></informaltable></sect2><sect2>
|
||||
<title>Get Help</title>
|
||||
<para>In addition to web-based documentation, keep in mind that Unix manual pages (usually referred to as;man pages) are available for most commands from the shell. To read a page, use man:</para><screen>
|
||||
<![CDATA[$ man page
|
||||
]]></screen><para>In man, you can navigate with the arrow keys. Press / to search for text within the page, and q to quit.</para>
|
||||
<informaltable><tgroup cols="3" colsep="1" rowsep="1">
|
||||
<colspec colname="col0" align="center"/>
|
||||
<colspec colname="col1" align="left"/>
|
||||
<colspec colname="col2" align="center"/>
|
||||
<thead>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">System </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">Command </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Notes</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
</thead>
|
||||
<tbody>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Debian / Ubuntu </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">man apt-get </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Updating the local package database and working with packages.</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top"></entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">man apt-cache </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Querying the local package database.</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top"></entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">man dpkg </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Working with individual package files and querying installed packages.</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">CentOS </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">man yum </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top"></entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Fedora </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">man dnf </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top"></entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">FreeBSD Packages </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">man pkg </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Working with pre-compiled binary packages.</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">FreeBSD Ports </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="left" valign="top">man ports </entry>
|
||||
<entry align="center" valign="top">Working with the Ports Collection.</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
</tbody>
|
||||
</tgroup></informaltable></sect2></sect1><sect1>
|
||||
<title>Conclusion and Further Reading</title>
|
||||
<para>This guide provides an overview of basic operations that can be cross-referenced between systems, but only scratches the surface of a complex topic. For greater detail on a given system, you can consult the following resources:</para><orderedlist>
|
||||
<listitem><para><ulink url="https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/ubuntu-and-debian-package-management-essentials">This guide</ulink> covers Ubuntu and Debian package management in detail. </para></listitem><listitem><para>There's an <ulink url="https://www.centos.org/docs/5/html/yum/">official CentOS guide to managing software with~</ulink><ulink url="https://www.centos.org/docs/5/html/yum/">yum</ulink>. </para></listitem><listitem><para>There's a <ulink url="https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Dnf">Fedora wiki page about~</ulink><ulink url="https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Dnf">dnf</ulink>, and an <ulink url="https://dnf.readthedocs.org/en/latest/index.html">official manual for~</ulink><ulink url="https://dnf.readthedocs.org/en/latest/index.html">dnf</ulink><ulink url="https://dnf.readthedocs.org/en/latest/index.html">~itself</ulink>. </para></listitem><listitem><para><ulink url="https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-manage-packages-on-freebsd-10-1-with-pkg">This guide</ulink> covers FreeBSD package management using pkg. </para></listitem><listitem><para>The <ulink url="https://www.freebsd.org/doc/handbook/">FreeBSD Handbook</ulink>;contains a;<ulink url="https://www.freebsd.org/doc/handbook/ports-using.html">section on using the Ports Collection</ulink>. </para></listitem></orderedlist></sect1></article>
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
|
|||
The Linux Documentation Project :: FAQ DocBook Template
|
||||
-------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
The following document is provided as a template for your own FAQ.
|
||||
We hope you found it useful.
|
||||
|
||||
Please send suggestions to: feedback@tldp.org.
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
|
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|
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|
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|
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answer 1
|
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|
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|
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\begin_layout Standard
|
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|
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\series bold
|
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Q:
|
||||
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|
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question 2
|
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\end_layout
|
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|
||||
\begin_layout Standard
|
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|
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\series bold
|
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A:
|
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|
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answer 2
|
||||
\end_layout
|
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|
||||
\begin_layout Standard
|
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|
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\series bold
|
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|
||||
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|
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question 3
|
||||
\end_layout
|
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|
||||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||||
|
||||
\series bold
|
||||
A:
|
||||
\series default
|
||||
answer 3
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||||
|
||||
\series bold
|
||||
Q:
|
||||
\series default
|
||||
question 4
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||||
|
||||
\series bold
|
||||
A:
|
||||
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|
||||
answer 4
|
||||
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
|
@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
|
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|
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<article class="faq">
|
||||
<articleinfo>
|
||||
<title>XXX FAQ</title>
|
||||
<author>
|
||||
<firstname>your first name</firstname>
|
||||
<surname>your last name</surname>
|
||||
<affiliation>
|
||||
<address>
|
||||
<email>you@your.domain</email>
|
||||
</address>
|
||||
</affiliation>
|
||||
</author>
|
||||
<pubdate>date of first publication</pubdate>
|
||||
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|
||||
<revision>
|
||||
<revnumber>number</revnumber>
|
||||
<date>date</date>
|
||||
<authorinitials>initials</authorinitials>
|
||||
<revremark>updates</revremark>
|
||||
</revision>
|
||||
|
||||
<revision>
|
||||
<revnumber>1.0</revnumber>
|
||||
<date>release date</date>
|
||||
<authorinitials>your initials</authorinitials>
|
||||
<revremark>First release for TLDP</revremark>
|
||||
</revision>
|
||||
|
||||
</revhistory>
|
||||
<legalnotice id="legalnotice">
|
||||
<blockquote>
|
||||
<para>Copyright YYYY your full name. This material may be distributed only subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Open Publication License, v1.0 or later (the latest version is presently available at <ulink url="http://www.opencontent.org/openpub/"></ulink>).</para>
|
||||
</blockquote>
|
||||
</legalnotice>
|
||||
<abstract>
|
||||
<para>scope of the faq</para>
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
<qandaset defaultlabel="qanda">
|
||||
|
||||
<qandaentry>
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
<para>answer 1</para>
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
<qandaentry>
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
<qandaentry>
|
||||
<question>
|
||||
<para>question 3</para>
|
||||
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|
||||
<answer>
|
||||
<para>answer 3</para>
|
||||
</answer>
|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
<qandaentry>
|
||||
<question>
|
||||
<para>question 4</para>
|
||||
</question>
|
||||
<answer>
|
||||
<para>answer 4</para>
|
||||
</answer>
|
||||
</qandaentry>
|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
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|
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|
|
@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
|
|||
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|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
\textbf{A:} answer 2
|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
\textbf{A:} answer 4
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
|
|||
XXX FAQ
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{verbatim}
|
||||
<author>
|
||||
<firstname>your first name</firstname>
|
||||
<surname>your last name</surname>
|
||||
<affiliation>
|
||||
<address>
|
||||
\end{verbatim}
|
||||
|
||||
you@your.domain
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{verbatim}
|
||||
</affiliation>
|
||||
</author>
|
||||
<pubdate>date of first publication</pubdate>
|
||||
<revhistory>
|
||||
<revision>
|
||||
<revnumber>number</revnumber>
|
||||
<date>date</date>
|
||||
<authorinitials>initials</authorinitials>
|
||||
<revremark>updates</revremark>
|
||||
</revision>
|
||||
|
||||
<revision>
|
||||
<revnumber>1.0</revnumber>
|
||||
<date>release date</date>
|
||||
<authorinitials>your initials</authorinitials>
|
||||
<revremark>First release for TLDP</revremark>
|
||||
</revision>
|
||||
|
||||
</revhistory>
|
||||
<legalnotice id="legalnotice">
|
||||
<blockquote>
|
||||
<para>Copyright YYYY your full name. This material may be distributed only subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Open Publication License, v1.0 or later (the latest version is presently available at <ulink url="http://www.opencontent.org/openpub/"></ulink>).</para>
|
||||
</blockquote>
|
||||
</legalnotice>
|
||||
<abstract>
|
||||
<para>scope of the faq</para>
|
||||
</abstract>
|
||||
\end{verbatim}
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{verbatim}
|
||||
<qandaentry>
|
||||
<question>
|
||||
<para>question 1</para>
|
||||
</question>
|
||||
<answer>
|
||||
<para>answer 1</para>
|
||||
</answer>
|
||||
</qandaentry>
|
||||
|
||||
<qandaentry>
|
||||
<question>
|
||||
<para>question 2</para>
|
||||
</question>
|
||||
<answer>
|
||||
<para>answer 2</para>
|
||||
</answer>
|
||||
</qandaentry>
|
||||
|
||||
<qandaentry>
|
||||
<question>
|
||||
<para>question 3</para>
|
||||
</question>
|
||||
<answer>
|
||||
<para>answer 3</para>
|
||||
</answer>
|
||||
</qandaentry>
|
||||
|
||||
<qandaentry>
|
||||
<question>
|
||||
<para>question 4</para>
|
||||
</question>
|
||||
<answer>
|
||||
<para>answer 4</para>
|
||||
</answer>
|
||||
</qandaentry>
|
||||
\end{verbatim}
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
|
|||
The Linux Documentation Project :: Guide Template
|
||||
-------------------------------------------------
|
||||
The following documents are provided as templates for your own Guide
|
||||
(book-length document). You are not required to use all of the templates
|
||||
provided in this package for your document. They are only a suggestion of
|
||||
what you might need based on the many documents we have reviewed and
|
||||
accepted in our collection over the years. We hope you find them useful.
|
||||
|
||||
These files are all in DocBook XML version 4.2. If you would prefer to use
|
||||
LinuxDoc, please download the LinuxDoc templates. If you are writing your
|
||||
document in a different format, please follow the instructions in the
|
||||
Author Guide on how to transform your document into DocBook before
|
||||
submitting it to the collection.
|
||||
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/LDP-Author-Guide/html/x2docbook.html
|
||||
|
||||
Please send suggestions to: feedback@tldp.org.
|
||||
|
||||
ldp-appendix.xml
|
||||
A sample appendix. Typically used for the full text of your document's
|
||||
license and additional instructions that are not part of the "core" of
|
||||
your document.
|
||||
|
||||
ldp-bibliography.xml
|
||||
A sample bibliography with sections.
|
||||
|
||||
ldp-glossary.xml
|
||||
A sample glossary.
|
||||
|
||||
ldp-guide-chap1.xml and ldp-guide-chap2.xml
|
||||
Two sample chapters with common DocBook markup.
|
||||
|
||||
ldp-guide-main.xml
|
||||
The main file that refers to each of the additional XML files. When the
|
||||
file is transformed from XML to another format, this file is the master
|
||||
outline that informs the processing tool where each of the components
|
||||
are.
|
||||
|
||||
If you are writing a shorter HOWTO, please use the ldp-howto.zip package
|
||||
instead.
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
|
|||
<appendix id="app1">
|
||||
|
||||
<title>Appendix one title</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<abstract>
|
||||
<para>Says what this appendix is about, for instance further info on the web.</para>
|
||||
</abstract>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect1>
|
||||
<title>further info</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect2><title>about this subject</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<itemizedlist>
|
||||
<listitem><para><ulink url="http://useful.org" />: about this and that.</para></listitem>
|
||||
<listitem><para><ulink url="http://related.org" />: about other related stuff.</para></listitem>
|
||||
<listitem><para><ulink url="http://other.org" />: more stuff.</para></listitem>
|
||||
</itemizedlist>
|
||||
|
||||
</sect2>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect2><title>about other subject</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<itemizedlist>
|
||||
<listitem><para><ulink url="http://useful2.org" />: about this and that.</para></listitem>
|
||||
<listitem><para><ulink url="http://related2.org" />: about other related stuff.</para></listitem>
|
||||
<listitem><para><ulink url="http://other2.org" />: more stuff.</para></listitem> </itemizedlist>
|
||||
|
||||
</sect2>
|
||||
|
||||
</sect1>
|
||||
|
||||
</appendix>
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
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|
||||
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|
||||
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||||
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
\begin_inset CommandInset href
|
||||
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|
||||
name ""
|
||||
target "http://related.org"
|
||||
|
||||
\end_inset
|
||||
|
||||
: about other related stuff.
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
\begin_inset CommandInset href
|
||||
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|
||||
name ""
|
||||
target "http://other.org"
|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Subsection
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
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|
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
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|
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|
||||
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|
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
\end_document
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
|
|||
\section{Appendix one title}\label{app1}
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{quote}
|
||||
Says what this appendix is about, for instance further info on the web.
|
||||
\end{quote}
|
||||
|
||||
\section{further info}
|
||||
|
||||
\subsection{about this subject}
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{itemize}
|
||||
\item
|
||||
\href{http://useful.org}{}: about this and that.
|
||||
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|
||||
\href{http://related.org}{}: about other related stuff.
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
\href{http://useful2.org}{}: about this and that.
|
||||
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|
||||
\href{http://related2.org}{}: about other related stuff.
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
\end{itemize}
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
|
|||
Appendix one title
|
||||
|
||||
Says what this appendix is about, for instance further info on the web.
|
||||
|
||||
further info
|
||||
|
||||
about this subject
|
||||
|
||||
: about this and that.
|
||||
|
||||
: about other related stuff.
|
||||
|
||||
: more stuff.
|
||||
|
||||
about other subject
|
||||
|
||||
: about this and that.
|
||||
|
||||
: about other related stuff.
|
||||
|
||||
: more stuff.
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,216 @@
|
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||||
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|
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||||
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||||
|
||||
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||||
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||||
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
||||
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|
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Remember to choose
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
F
|
||||
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
for full when you download your kernel source.
|
||||
|
||||
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|
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|
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|
||||
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|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
|
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<bibliography id="bibliography">
|
||||
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|
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|
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<!-- these are just examples...you do not need to use these sections. -->
|
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|
||||
<!-- A full bibliography entry would use the following template. -->
|
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|
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|
||||
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
||||
|
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<biblioentry>
|
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
<biblioentry>
|
||||
<title>Blacklist</title>
|
||||
<bibliosource><ulink url="URL 4"/></bibliosource>
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
||||
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|
||||
<bibliosource><ulink url="http://www.kernel.org" /></bibliosource>
|
||||
<abstract><para>Remember to choose "F" for full when you download your
|
||||
kernel source.</para></abstract>
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
</bibliography>
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
|
|||
\section{References and Resources}\label{bibliography}
|
||||
|
||||
\section{HOWTOs}\label{ref-howto}
|
||||
|
||||
\href{URL}{}
|
||||
|
||||
\href{URL 2}{}
|
||||
|
||||
\section{Hardware-specific Install Reports and
|
||||
Info}\label{ref-installreports}
|
||||
|
||||
\href{URL 3}{}
|
||||
|
||||
\href{URL 4}{}
|
||||
|
||||
\section{Mailing List Threads}\label{ref-mailinglist}
|
||||
|
||||
\href{URL 5}{}
|
||||
|
||||
\section{Packages and related software}\label{ref-software}
|
||||
|
||||
\href{http://www.kernel.org}{}
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{quote}
|
||||
Remember to choose "F" for full when you download your kernel source.
|
||||
\end{quote}
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
|
|||
References and Resources
|
||||
|
||||
HOWTOs
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{verbatim}
|
||||
<biblioentry>
|
||||
<title>Document Title</title>
|
||||
<bibliosource><ulink url="URL" /></bibliosource>
|
||||
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|
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|
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<biblioentry>
|
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|
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<bibliosource><ulink url="URL 2" /></bibliosource>
|
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|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
Hardware-specific Install Reports and Info
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{verbatim}
|
||||
<biblioentry>
|
||||
<title>Installation Reports</title>
|
||||
<bibliosource><ulink url="URL 3"/></bibliosource>
|
||||
</biblioentry>
|
||||
|
||||
<biblioentry>
|
||||
<title>Blacklist</title>
|
||||
<bibliosource><ulink url="URL 4"/></bibliosource>
|
||||
</biblioentry>
|
||||
\end{verbatim}
|
||||
|
||||
Mailing List Threads
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{verbatim}
|
||||
<biblioentry>
|
||||
<title>mailing_list_name thread: subject line</title>
|
||||
<bibliosource><ulink url="URL 5" /></bibliosource>
|
||||
</biblioentry>
|
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|
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|
||||
Packages and related software
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{verbatim}
|
||||
<biblioentry>
|
||||
<title>The Kernel</title>
|
||||
<bibliosource><ulink url="http://www.kernel.org" /></bibliosource>
|
||||
<abstract><para>Remember to choose "F" for full when you download your
|
||||
kernel source.</para></abstract>
|
||||
</biblioentry>
|
||||
\end{verbatim}
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
|
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<glossary id="glossary"><?dbhtml filename="gloss.html"?>
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
||||
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|
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|
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|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
<glossdef>
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
|
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|
||||
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|
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
<glossdiv><title>B</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<glossentry id="entryname">
|
||||
<glossterm>entryname</glossterm>
|
||||
<glossdef>
|
||||
<para>definition</para>
|
||||
</glossdef>
|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
<glossentry id="entryname">
|
||||
<glossterm>entryname</glossterm>
|
||||
<glossdef>
|
||||
<para>definition</para>
|
||||
</glossdef>
|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
<glossentry id="entryname">
|
||||
<glossterm>entryname</glossterm>
|
||||
<glossdef>
|
||||
<para>definition</para>
|
||||
</glossdef>
|
||||
</glossentry>
|
||||
|
||||
</glossdiv>
|
||||
|
||||
<glossdiv><title>C</title>
|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
<glossterm>entryname</glossterm>
|
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<glossdef>
|
||||
<para>definition</para>
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
<glossentry id="entryname">
|
||||
<glossterm>entryname</glossterm>
|
||||
<glossdef>
|
||||
<para>definition</para>
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
<glossentry id="entryname">
|
||||
<glossterm>entryname</glossterm>
|
||||
<glossdef>
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
</glossdiv>
|
||||
|
||||
And so on, for all the letters in the alphabet and all the items you want in the list.
|
||||
|
||||
</glossary>
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
|
|||
\section{Glossary}\label{glossary}
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{quote}
|
||||
This is a glossary.
|
||||
\end{quote}
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{description}
|
||||
\item[entryname]
|
||||
definition
|
||||
\item[entryname]
|
||||
definition
|
||||
\item[entryname]
|
||||
definition
|
||||
\end{description}
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{description}
|
||||
\item[entryname]
|
||||
definition
|
||||
\item[entryname]
|
||||
definition
|
||||
\item[entryname]
|
||||
definition
|
||||
\end{description}
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{description}
|
||||
\item[entryname]
|
||||
definition
|
||||
\item[entryname]
|
||||
definition
|
||||
\item[entryname]
|
||||
definition
|
||||
\end{description}
|
||||
|
||||
And so on, for all the letters in the alphabet and all the items you
|
||||
want in the list.
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
|
|||
Glossary
|
||||
|
||||
This is a glossary.
|
||||
|
||||
A
|
||||
|
||||
entryname
|
||||
|
||||
definition
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{verbatim}
|
||||
</glossdef>
|
||||
</glossentry>
|
||||
\end{verbatim}
|
||||
|
||||
entryname
|
||||
|
||||
definition
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{verbatim}
|
||||
</glossdef>
|
||||
</glossentry>
|
||||
|
||||
\end{verbatim}
|
||||
|
||||
entryname
|
||||
|
||||
definition
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{verbatim}
|
||||
</glossdef>
|
||||
</glossentry>
|
||||
|
||||
\end{verbatim}
|
||||
|
||||
B
|
||||
|
||||
entryname
|
||||
|
||||
definition
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{verbatim}
|
||||
</glossdef>
|
||||
</glossentry>
|
||||
\end{verbatim}
|
||||
|
||||
entryname
|
||||
|
||||
definition
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{verbatim}
|
||||
</glossdef>
|
||||
</glossentry>
|
||||
\end{verbatim}
|
||||
|
||||
entryname
|
||||
|
||||
definition
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{verbatim}
|
||||
</glossdef>
|
||||
</glossentry>
|
||||
\end{verbatim}
|
||||
|
||||
C
|
||||
|
||||
entryname
|
||||
|
||||
definition
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{verbatim}
|
||||
</glossdef>
|
||||
</glossentry>
|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
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|
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|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
And so on, for all the letters in the alphabet and all the items you
|
||||
want in the list.
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,248 @@
|
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|
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@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
|
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|
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|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
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|
||||
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
||||
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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@ -0,0 +1,255 @@
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|
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|
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|
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||||
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
|
@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
|
|||
\section{Title of first chapter}\label{chapux5f01}
|
||||
|
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|
||||
What we will do in this chapter:
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{itemize}
|
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|
||||
stuff
|
||||
\item
|
||||
more stuff
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
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play with stuff
|
||||
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|
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|
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|
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|
||||
|
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|
||||
|
||||
Usually some introduction
|
||||
|
||||
on all the aspects of stuff.
|
||||
|
||||
\subsection{Section2 title}\label{sectux5f01ux5f01ux5f02}
|
||||
|
||||
In-depth discussion
|
||||
|
||||
Explain concepts.
|
||||
|
||||
\subsection{Section2 title}\label{sectux5f01ux5f01ux5f03}
|
||||
|
||||
Maybe some examples
|
||||
|
||||
And a hint to the next section of the chapter.
|
||||
|
||||
\section{Section1 title}\label{sectux5f01ux5f02}
|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
More stuff
|
||||
|
||||
More stuff
|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
||||
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|
||||
|
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|
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|
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|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
|
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|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
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|
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|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
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|
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|
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|
||||
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|
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|
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|
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@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
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|
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|
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
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|
||||
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
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|
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|
||||
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
|
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|
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|
||||
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|
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|
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|
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
|
|||
Title of second chapter
|
||||
|
||||
What we will do in this chapter:
|
||||
|
||||
stuff
|
||||
|
||||
more stuff
|
||||
|
||||
talk about other stuff
|
||||
|
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play with stuff
|
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|
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Section1 title
|
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|
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Section2 title
|
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|
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Section3 title
|
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|
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|
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|
||||
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|
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|
||||
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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||||
|
||||
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|
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|
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|
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||||
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
||||
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|
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
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||||
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||||
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||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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||||
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||||
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||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
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|
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||||
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|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
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|
||||
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|
||||
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||||
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|
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||||
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
LatexCommand label
|
||||
name "introux5f09"
|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
The following typographic and usage conventions occur in this text:
|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
|
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|
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||||
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||||
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|
||||
Typographic and usage conventions
|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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||||
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|
||||
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||||
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||||
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|
||||
Meaning
|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
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||||
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|
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|
||||
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||||
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||||
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|
||||
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||||
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||||
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|
||||
|
||||
Quoted text
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
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|
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|
||||
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
||||
Quotes from people, quoted computer output.
|
||||
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|
||||
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||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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||||
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|
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terminal view
|
||||
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|
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|
||||
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|
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|
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Literal computer input and output captured from the terminal, usually rendered with a light grey background.
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
\family typewriter
|
||||
VARIABLE
|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
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|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||||
Name of a variable or pointer to content of a variable, as in
|
||||
\family typewriter
|
||||
$VARNAME
|
||||
\family default
|
||||
.
|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
option
|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||||
Option to a command, as in
|
||||
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
||||
\end_inset
|
||||
|
||||
the
|
||||
\family typewriter
|
||||
-a
|
||||
\family default
|
||||
option to the
|
||||
\family typewriter
|
||||
ls
|
||||
\family default
|
||||
command
|
||||
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
||||
\end_inset
|
||||
|
||||
.
|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
</cell>
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||||
|
||||
\family typewriter
|
||||
argument
|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
|
||||
\begin_inset Text
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||||
Argument to a command, as in
|
||||
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
||||
\end_inset
|
||||
|
||||
read
|
||||
\family typewriter
|
||||
man
|
||||
\begin_inset space \space{}
|
||||
|
||||
\end_inset
|
||||
|
||||
ls
|
||||
\family default
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
||||
\end_inset
|
||||
|
||||
.
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\end_inset
|
||||
</cell>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
|
||||
\begin_inset Text
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||||
|
||||
\family typewriter
|
||||
command
|
||||
\begin_inset space \space{}
|
||||
|
||||
\end_inset
|
||||
|
||||
options
|
||||
\begin_inset space \space{}
|
||||
|
||||
\end_inset
|
||||
|
||||
arguments
|
||||
\family default
|
||||
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\end_inset
|
||||
</cell>
|
||||
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
|
||||
\begin_inset Text
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||||
Command synopsis or general usage, on a separated line.
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\end_inset
|
||||
</cell>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
|
||||
\begin_inset Text
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||||
|
||||
\family typewriter
|
||||
filename
|
||||
\family default
|
||||
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\end_inset
|
||||
</cell>
|
||||
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
|
||||
\begin_inset Text
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||||
Name of a file or directory, for example
|
||||
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
||||
\end_inset
|
||||
|
||||
Change to the
|
||||
\family typewriter
|
||||
/usr/bin
|
||||
\family default
|
||||
directory.
|
||||
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
||||
\end_inset
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\end_inset
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
\begin_inset Text
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||||
Key
|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
</cell>
|
||||
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
|
||||
\begin_inset Text
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||||
Keys to hit on the keyboard, such as
|
||||
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
||||
\end_inset
|
||||
|
||||
type Q to quit
|
||||
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
||||
\end_inset
|
||||
|
||||
.
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\end_inset
|
||||
</cell>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
|
||||
\begin_inset Text
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||||
Button
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\end_inset
|
||||
</cell>
|
||||
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
|
||||
\begin_inset Text
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||||
Graphical button to click, like the OK button.
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\end_inset
|
||||
</cell>
|
||||
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|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
|
||||
\begin_inset Text
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_inset ERT
|
||||
status collapsed
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
||||
{
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\end_inset
|
||||
|
||||
Menu
|
||||
\begin_inset ERT
|
||||
status collapsed
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
||||
|
||||
\backslash
|
||||
textgreater
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\end_inset
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_inset ERT
|
||||
status collapsed
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
||||
{}
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\end_inset
|
||||
|
||||
Choice
|
||||
\begin_inset ERT
|
||||
status collapsed
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
||||
}
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\end_inset
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\end_inset
|
||||
</cell>
|
||||
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
|
||||
\begin_inset Text
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||||
Choice to select from a graphical menu, for instance:
|
||||
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
||||
\end_inset
|
||||
|
||||
Select
|
||||
\begin_inset ERT
|
||||
status collapsed
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
||||
{
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\end_inset
|
||||
|
||||
Help
|
||||
\begin_inset ERT
|
||||
status collapsed
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
||||
|
||||
\backslash
|
||||
textgreater
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\end_inset
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_inset ERT
|
||||
status collapsed
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
||||
{}
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\end_inset
|
||||
|
||||
About Mozilla
|
||||
\begin_inset ERT
|
||||
status collapsed
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
||||
}
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\end_inset
|
||||
|
||||
in your browser.
|
||||
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
||||
\end_inset
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\end_inset
|
||||
</cell>
|
||||
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|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
|
||||
\begin_inset Text
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||||
|
||||
\emph on
|
||||
Terminology
|
||||
\emph default
|
||||
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\end_inset
|
||||
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|
||||
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
|
||||
\begin_inset Text
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||||
Important term or concept:
|
||||
\begin_inset Quotes eld
|
||||
\end_inset
|
||||
|
||||
The Linux
|
||||
\emph on
|
||||
kernel
|
||||
\emph default
|
||||
is the heart of the system.
|
||||
\begin_inset Quotes erd
|
||||
\end_inset
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\end_inset
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
|
||||
\begin_inset Text
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||||
See ?
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\end_inset
|
||||
</cell>
|
||||
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" usebox="none">
|
||||
\begin_inset Text
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||||
link to related subject within this guide.
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\end_inset
|
||||
</cell>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
|
||||
\begin_inset Text
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_inset CommandInset href
|
||||
LatexCommand href
|
||||
name "The author"
|
||||
target "http://tille.soti.org"
|
||||
|
||||
\end_inset
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\end_inset
|
||||
</cell>
|
||||
<cell alignment="none" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
|
||||
\begin_inset Text
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||||
Clickable link to an external web resource.
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\end_inset
|
||||
</cell>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
</lyxtabular>
|
||||
|
||||
\end_inset
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Subsection
|
||||
Organization of this document
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_inset CommandInset label
|
||||
LatexCommand label
|
||||
name "introux5f10"
|
||||
|
||||
\end_inset
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||||
List chapters (and optionally, appendices) with a short content for each (only for longer docs).
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Itemize
|
||||
?: short description.
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Itemize
|
||||
?: short description.
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Itemize
|
||||
?: short description.
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Itemize
|
||||
?: short description.
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Itemize
|
||||
?: short description.
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||||
CHAP1 CHAP2 APP1 GLOSS
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\end_body
|
||||
\end_document
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
|
|||
\section{Introduction}
|
||||
|
||||
\subsection{Why was this document written?}\label{introux5f01}
|
||||
|
||||
Some explanations.
|
||||
|
||||
\subsection{Audience}\label{introux5f02}
|
||||
|
||||
Explain for whom it has been written.
|
||||
|
||||
\subsection{New versions of this doc}\label{introux5f03}
|
||||
|
||||
Point to \href{http://somewhere.org}{the latest version} of this
|
||||
document.
|
||||
|
||||
\subsection{Revision History}\label{introux5f04}
|
||||
|
||||
1.2 2003-02-28 MG More stuff you changed. 1.1 2003-01-22 MG Stuff you
|
||||
changed. 1.0 2002-12-29 MG Initial release for TLDP
|
||||
|
||||
\subsection{Contributions}\label{introux5f05}
|
||||
|
||||
Thank people who helped realizing this doc.
|
||||
|
||||
\subsection{Feedback}\label{introux5f06}
|
||||
|
||||
Missing information, missing links, missing characters? Mail it to the
|
||||
maintainer of this document:
|
||||
\href{mailto:you@your.domain}{\nolinkurl{you@your.domain}}
|
||||
|
||||
\subsection{Copyright information}\label{introux5f07}
|
||||
|
||||
Copyright 2002 Your\_first\_name Your\_last\_name.
|
||||
|
||||
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
|
||||
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or
|
||||
any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no
|
||||
Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts and no Back-Cover Texts. A
|
||||
copy of the license is included in ? entitled ``GNU Free Documentation
|
||||
License''.
|
||||
|
||||
Read \href{http://www.fsf.org/gnu/manifesto.html}{The GNU Manifesto} if
|
||||
you want to know why this license was chosen for this book.
|
||||
|
||||
The author and publisher have made every effort in the preparation of
|
||||
this book to ensure the accuracy of the information. However, the
|
||||
information contained in this book is offered without warranty, either
|
||||
express or implied. Neither the author nor the publisher nor any dealer
|
||||
or distributor will be held liable for any damages caused or alleged to
|
||||
be caused either directly or indirectly by this book.
|
||||
|
||||
The logos, trademarks and symbols used in this book are the properties
|
||||
of their respective owners.
|
||||
|
||||
\subsection{What do you need?}\label{introux5f08}
|
||||
|
||||
List requirements: materials, knowledge.
|
||||
|
||||
\subsection{Conventions used in this document}\label{introux5f09}
|
||||
|
||||
The following typographic and usage conventions occur in this text:
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{longtable}[c]{@{}ll@{}}
|
||||
\caption{Typographic and usage conventions}\tabularnewline
|
||||
\toprule
|
||||
Text type & Meaning\tabularnewline
|
||||
\midrule
|
||||
\endfirsthead
|
||||
\toprule
|
||||
Text type & Meaning\tabularnewline
|
||||
\midrule
|
||||
\endhead
|
||||
``Quoted text'' & Quotes from people, quoted computer
|
||||
output.\tabularnewline
|
||||
\begin{verbatim}
|
||||
terminal view
|
||||
\end{verbatim}
|
||||
& Literal computer input and output captured from the terminal, usually
|
||||
rendered with a light grey background.\tabularnewline
|
||||
\texttt{command} & Name of a command that can be entered on the command
|
||||
line.\tabularnewline
|
||||
\texttt{VARIABLE} & Name of a variable or pointer to content of a
|
||||
variable, as in \texttt{\$VARNAME}.\tabularnewline
|
||||
\texttt{option} & Option to a command, as in ``the \texttt{-a} option to
|
||||
the \texttt{ls} command''.\tabularnewline
|
||||
\texttt{argument} & Argument to a command, as in ``read
|
||||
\texttt{man\ ls}''.\tabularnewline
|
||||
\texttt{command\ options\
|
||||
arguments} & Command synopsis or general usage, on a separated
|
||||
line.\tabularnewline
|
||||
\texttt{filename} & Name of a file or directory, for example ``Change to
|
||||
the \texttt{/usr/bin} directory.''\tabularnewline
|
||||
Key & Keys to hit on the keyboard, such as ``type Q to
|
||||
quit''.\tabularnewline
|
||||
Button & Graphical button to click, like the OK button.\tabularnewline
|
||||
{Menu \textgreater{} Choice} & Choice to select from a graphical menu,
|
||||
for instance: ``Select {Help \textgreater{} About Mozilla} in your
|
||||
browser.''\tabularnewline
|
||||
\emph{Terminology} & Important term or concept: ``The Linux
|
||||
\emph{kernel} is the heart of the system.''\tabularnewline
|
||||
See ? & link to related subject within this guide.\tabularnewline
|
||||
\href{http://tille.soti.org}{The author} & Clickable link to an external
|
||||
web resource.\tabularnewline
|
||||
\bottomrule
|
||||
\end{longtable}
|
||||
|
||||
\subsection{Organization of this document}\label{introux5f10}
|
||||
|
||||
List chapters (and optionally, appendices) with a short content for each
|
||||
(only for longer docs).
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{itemize}
|
||||
\item
|
||||
?: short description.
|
||||
\item
|
||||
?: short description.
|
||||
\item
|
||||
?: short description.
|
||||
\item
|
||||
?: short description.
|
||||
\item
|
||||
?: short description.
|
||||
\end{itemize}
|
||||
|
||||
CHAP1 CHAP2 APP1 GLOSS
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
|
|||
{]}\textgreater{}
|
||||
|
||||
Your title
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{verbatim}
|
||||
<subtitle>An optional subtitle</subtitle>
|
||||
\end{verbatim}
|
||||
|
||||
Your given name Your last name Your organization
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{verbatim}
|
||||
<email>you@your.domain</email>
|
||||
</address>
|
||||
</affiliation>
|
||||
\end{verbatim}
|
||||
|
||||
Optional version information
|
||||
|
||||
Add as many keywords as you want .
|
||||
|
||||
Introduction
|
||||
|
||||
Why was this document written?
|
||||
|
||||
Some explanations.
|
||||
|
||||
Audience
|
||||
|
||||
Explain for whom it has been written.
|
||||
|
||||
New versions of this doc
|
||||
|
||||
Point to the latest version of this document.
|
||||
|
||||
Revision History
|
||||
|
||||
1.2 2003-02-28 MG More stuff you changed. 1.1 2003-01-22 MG Stuff you
|
||||
changed. 1.0 2002-12-29 MG Initial release for TLDP
|
||||
|
||||
Contributions
|
||||
|
||||
Thank people who helped realizing this doc.
|
||||
|
||||
Feedback
|
||||
|
||||
Missing information, missing links, missing characters? Mail it to the
|
||||
maintainer of this document:
|
||||
|
||||
you@your.domain
|
||||
|
||||
Copyright information
|
||||
|
||||
Copyright 2002 Your\_first\_name Your\_last\_name.
|
||||
|
||||
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
|
||||
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or
|
||||
any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no
|
||||
Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts and no Back-Cover Texts. A
|
||||
copy of the license is included in entitled GNU Free Documentation
|
||||
License.
|
||||
|
||||
Read The GNU Manifesto if you want to know why this license was chosen
|
||||
for this book.
|
||||
|
||||
The author and publisher have made every effort in the preparation of
|
||||
this book to ensure the accuracy of the information. However, the
|
||||
information contained in this book is offered without warranty, either
|
||||
express or implied. Neither the author nor the publisher nor any dealer
|
||||
or distributor will be held liable for any damages caused or alleged to
|
||||
be caused either directly or indirectly by this book.
|
||||
|
||||
The logos, trademarks and symbols used in this book are the properties
|
||||
of their respective owners.
|
||||
|
||||
What do you need?
|
||||
|
||||
List requirements: materials, knowledge.
|
||||
|
||||
Conventions used in this document
|
||||
|
||||
The following typographic and usage conventions occur in this text:
|
||||
|
||||
Typographic and usage conventions
|
||||
|
||||
Text typeMeaning
|
||||
|
||||
Quoted text Quotes from people, quoted computer output.
|
||||
|
||||
terminal view
|
||||
|
||||
Literal computer input and output captured from the terminal, usually
|
||||
rendered with a light grey background. command Name of a command that
|
||||
can be entered on the command line. VARIABLE Name of a variable or
|
||||
pointer to content of a variable, as in \$VARNAME. option Option to a
|
||||
command, as in the -a option to the ls command. argument Argument to a
|
||||
command, as in read man ls.
|
||||
|
||||
command options arguments
|
||||
|
||||
Command synopsis or general usage, on a separated line. filename Name
|
||||
of a file or directory, for example Change to the /usr/bin directory.
|
||||
Key Keys to hit on the keyboard, such as type Q to quit. Button
|
||||
Graphical button to click, like the OK button. MenuChoice Choice to
|
||||
select from a graphical menu, for instance: Select HelpAbout Mozilla in
|
||||
your browser. Terminology Important term or concept: The Linux kernel is
|
||||
the heart of the system. See link to related subject within this guide.
|
||||
The author Clickable link to an external web resource.
|
||||
|
||||
Organization of this document
|
||||
|
||||
List chapters (and optionally, appendices) with a short content for each
|
||||
(only for longer docs).
|
||||
|
||||
: short description.
|
||||
|
||||
: short description.
|
||||
|
||||
: short description.
|
||||
|
||||
: short description.
|
||||
|
||||
: short description.
|
||||
|
||||
\&chap1; \&chap2; \&app1; \&gloss;
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
|
|||
<appendix id="app1">
|
||||
|
||||
<title>Appendix one title</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<abstract>
|
||||
<para>Says what this appendix is about, for instance further info on the web.</para>
|
||||
</abstract>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect1>
|
||||
<title>further info</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect2><title>about this subject</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<itemizedlist>
|
||||
<listitem><para><ulink url="http://useful.org" />: about this and that.</para></listitem>
|
||||
<listitem><para><ulink url="http://related.org" />: about other related stuff.</para></listitem>
|
||||
<listitem><para><ulink url="http://other.org" />: more stuff.</para></listitem>
|
||||
</itemizedlist>
|
||||
|
||||
</sect2>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect2><title>about other subject</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<itemizedlist>
|
||||
<listitem><para><ulink url="http://useful2.org" />: about this and that.</para></listitem>
|
||||
<listitem><para><ulink url="http://related2.org" />: about other related stuff.</para></listitem>
|
||||
<listitem><para><ulink url="http://other2.org" />: more stuff.</para></listitem> </itemizedlist>
|
||||
|
||||
</sect2>
|
||||
|
||||
</sect1>
|
||||
|
||||
</appendix>
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
|
|||
\section{Appendix one title}\label{app1}
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{quote}
|
||||
Says what this appendix is about, for instance further info on the web.
|
||||
\end{quote}
|
||||
|
||||
\section{further info}
|
||||
|
||||
\subsection{about this subject}
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{itemize}
|
||||
\item
|
||||
\href{http://useful.org}{}: about this and that.
|
||||
\item
|
||||
\href{http://related.org}{}: about other related stuff.
|
||||
\item
|
||||
\href{http://other.org}{}: more stuff.
|
||||
\end{itemize}
|
||||
|
||||
\subsection{about other subject}
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{itemize}
|
||||
\item
|
||||
\href{http://useful2.org}{}: about this and that.
|
||||
\item
|
||||
\href{http://related2.org}{}: about other related stuff.
|
||||
\item
|
||||
\href{http://other2.org}{}: more stuff.
|
||||
\end{itemize}
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
|
|||
Appendix one title
|
||||
|
||||
Says what this appendix is about, for instance further info on the web.
|
||||
|
||||
further info
|
||||
|
||||
about this subject
|
||||
|
||||
: about this and that.
|
||||
|
||||
: about other related stuff.
|
||||
|
||||
: more stuff.
|
||||
|
||||
about other subject
|
||||
|
||||
: about this and that.
|
||||
|
||||
: about other related stuff.
|
||||
|
||||
: more stuff.
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
|
|||
<bibliography id="bibliography">
|
||||
<?dbhtml filename="bibliography.html"?>
|
||||
<title>References and Resources</title>
|
||||
<!-- these are just examples...you do not need to use these sections. -->
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- A full bibliography entry would use the following template. -->
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
<biblioentry>
|
||||
<title>
|
||||
</title>
|
||||
<bibliosource><ulink url="" /></bibliosource>
|
||||
<author><firstname></firstname><surname></surname></author>
|
||||
<copyright><year></year>
|
||||
<holder></holder></copyright>
|
||||
<editor><firstname></firstname><surname></surname></editor>
|
||||
<isbn></isbn>
|
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<publisher>
|
||||
<publishername></publishername>
|
||||
</publisher>
|
||||
</biblioentry>
|
||||
-->
|
||||
|
||||
<bibliodiv id="ref-howto" xreflabel="HOWTOs">
|
||||
<title>HOWTOs</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<biblioentry>
|
||||
<title>Document Title</title>
|
||||
<bibliosource><ulink url="URL" /></bibliosource>
|
||||
</biblioentry>
|
||||
|
||||
<biblioentry>
|
||||
<title>Document Title 2</title>
|
||||
<bibliosource><ulink url="URL 2" /></bibliosource>
|
||||
</biblioentry>
|
||||
</bibliodiv>
|
||||
|
||||
<bibliodiv id="ref-installreports" xreflabel="Hardware-specific Install Reports and Info">
|
||||
<title>Hardware-specific Install Reports and Info</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<biblioentry>
|
||||
<title>Installation Reports</title>
|
||||
<bibliosource><ulink url="URL 3"/></bibliosource>
|
||||
</biblioentry>
|
||||
|
||||
<biblioentry>
|
||||
<title>Blacklist</title>
|
||||
<bibliosource><ulink url="URL 4"/></bibliosource>
|
||||
</biblioentry>
|
||||
</bibliodiv>
|
||||
|
||||
<bibliodiv id="ref-mailinglist" xreflabel="Mailing List Threads">
|
||||
<title>Mailing List Threads</title>
|
||||
<biblioentry>
|
||||
<title>mailing_list_name thread: subject line</title>
|
||||
<bibliosource><ulink url="URL 5" /></bibliosource>
|
||||
</biblioentry>
|
||||
|
||||
<bibliodiv id="ref-software" xreflabel="Packages and related software">
|
||||
<title>Packages and related software</title>
|
||||
<biblioentry>
|
||||
<title>The Kernel</title>
|
||||
<bibliosource><ulink url="http://www.kernel.org" /></bibliosource>
|
||||
<abstract><para>Remember to choose "F" for full when you download your
|
||||
kernel source.</para></abstract>
|
||||
</biblioentry>
|
||||
</bibliodiv>
|
||||
|
||||
</bibliography>
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
|
|||
\section{References and Resources}\label{bibliography}
|
||||
|
||||
\section{HOWTOs}\label{ref-howto}
|
||||
|
||||
\href{URL}{}
|
||||
|
||||
\href{URL 2}{}
|
||||
|
||||
\section{Hardware-specific Install Reports and
|
||||
Info}\label{ref-installreports}
|
||||
|
||||
\href{URL 3}{}
|
||||
|
||||
\href{URL 4}{}
|
||||
|
||||
\section{Mailing List Threads}\label{ref-mailinglist}
|
||||
|
||||
\href{URL 5}{}
|
||||
|
||||
\section{Packages and related software}\label{ref-software}
|
||||
|
||||
\href{http://www.kernel.org}{}
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{quote}
|
||||
Remember to choose "F" for full when you download your kernel source.
|
||||
\end{quote}
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
|
|||
References and Resources
|
||||
|
||||
HOWTOs
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{verbatim}
|
||||
<biblioentry>
|
||||
<title>Document Title</title>
|
||||
<bibliosource><ulink url="URL" /></bibliosource>
|
||||
</biblioentry>
|
||||
|
||||
<biblioentry>
|
||||
<title>Document Title 2</title>
|
||||
<bibliosource><ulink url="URL 2" /></bibliosource>
|
||||
</biblioentry>
|
||||
\end{verbatim}
|
||||
|
||||
Hardware-specific Install Reports and Info
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{verbatim}
|
||||
<biblioentry>
|
||||
<title>Installation Reports</title>
|
||||
<bibliosource><ulink url="URL 3"/></bibliosource>
|
||||
</biblioentry>
|
||||
|
||||
<biblioentry>
|
||||
<title>Blacklist</title>
|
||||
<bibliosource><ulink url="URL 4"/></bibliosource>
|
||||
</biblioentry>
|
||||
\end{verbatim}
|
||||
|
||||
Mailing List Threads
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{verbatim}
|
||||
<biblioentry>
|
||||
<title>mailing_list_name thread: subject line</title>
|
||||
<bibliosource><ulink url="URL 5" /></bibliosource>
|
||||
</biblioentry>
|
||||
\end{verbatim}
|
||||
|
||||
Packages and related software
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{verbatim}
|
||||
<biblioentry>
|
||||
<title>The Kernel</title>
|
||||
<bibliosource><ulink url="http://www.kernel.org" /></bibliosource>
|
||||
<abstract><para>Remember to choose "F" for full when you download your
|
||||
kernel source.</para></abstract>
|
||||
</biblioentry>
|
||||
\end{verbatim}
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
|
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#LyX 2.1 created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
||||
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||||
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|
||||
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|
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||||
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|
||||
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||||
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<glossdiv><title>C</title>
|
||||
|
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||||
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|
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||||
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||||
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||||
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||||
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||||
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|
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||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
And so on, for all the letters in the alphabet and all the items you want in the list.
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
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||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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||||
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||||
\begin_layout Description
|
||||
entryname definition
|
||||
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|
||||
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||||
\begin_layout Description
|
||||
entryname definition
|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
And so on, for all the letters in the alphabet and all the items you want in the list.
|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
|
|||
\section{Glossary}\label{glossary}
|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
This is a glossary.
|
||||
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||||
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||||
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|
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|
||||
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|
||||
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||||
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||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
\begin{description}
|
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
definition
|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
definition
|
||||
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|
||||
definition
|
||||
\item[entryname]
|
||||
definition
|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
And so on, for all the letters in the alphabet and all the items you
|
||||
want in the list.
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
|
|||
Glossary
|
||||
|
||||
This is a glossary.
|
||||
|
||||
A
|
||||
|
||||
entryname
|
||||
|
||||
definition
|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
||||
definition
|
||||
|
||||
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|
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|
||||
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|
||||
|
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|
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B
|
||||
|
||||
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|
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|
||||
definition
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{verbatim}
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
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|
||||
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||||
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||||
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||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
entryname
|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
|
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C
|
||||
|
||||
entryname
|
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|
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definition
|
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|
||||
\begin{verbatim}
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
entryname
|
||||
|
||||
definition
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{verbatim}
|
||||
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|
||||
</glossentry>
|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
entryname
|
||||
|
||||
definition
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{verbatim}
|
||||
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|
||||
</glossentry>
|
||||
|
||||
\end{verbatim}
|
||||
|
||||
And so on, for all the letters in the alphabet and all the items you
|
||||
want in the list.
|
||||
File diff suppressed because it is too large
Load Diff
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,722 @@
|
|||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
|
||||
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||||
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|
||||
[
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
]>
|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
<articleinfo>
|
||||
<title>Sample XML HOWTO</title>
|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
<firstname>Your Given Name</firstname>
|
||||
<surname>Your Family Name (Surname)</surname>
|
||||
<authorblurb><para>A short sentence about who you are.</para></authorblurb>
|
||||
<affiliation>
|
||||
<!-- The name of your organization is optional. -->
|
||||
<orgname>
|
||||
<ulink url="http://www.URL.com">company name</ulink>
|
||||
</orgname>
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- A valid email is required. You may add a spam blocker, or get a Yahoo/Gmail/etc account. -->
|
||||
<address>
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
<date>2005-03-04</date>
|
||||
<authorinitials>ME</authorinitials>
|
||||
<revremark>A short note about what you have changed.</revremark>
|
||||
</revision>
|
||||
<revision>
|
||||
<revnumber>1.0</revnumber>
|
||||
<date>YYYY-MM-DD</date>
|
||||
<authorinitials>ME</authorinitials>
|
||||
<revremark>First official release.</revremark>
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
</articleinfo>
|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
A little about file names...
|
||||
If you would like, you can add an "id" to each of your sections.
|
||||
The id will be used as the file name when output to HTML. Make sure
|
||||
it is:
|
||||
1) all one word
|
||||
2) contains no spaces
|
||||
As of March 2005, the LDP is using DSSSL processing tools. The
|
||||
<?dbhtml filename="file.html" ?>
|
||||
should match the id so that the file names are the same regardless of
|
||||
processing tools.
|
||||
-->
|
||||
<sect1 id="about">
|
||||
<?dbhtml filename="about.html"?>
|
||||
<title>About this document</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect2 id="copyright">
|
||||
<?dbhtml filename="copyright.html"?>
|
||||
<title>Copyright and License</title>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
Copyright (c) YEAR by YOUR NAME.</para>
|
||||
<para>Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
|
||||
document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version
|
||||
1.1 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
|
||||
with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover
|
||||
Texts.
|
||||
A copy of the license is included in <xref linkend="gfdl"/>.
|
||||
<!-- The LDP requires you to include the full text of the license. -->
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</sect2>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect2 id="translations">
|
||||
<?dbhtml filename="translations.html"?>
|
||||
<title>Translations</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
Probably your document will not have a translation to start.
|
||||
Uncomment the following section when there are translations ready.
|
||||
-->
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
<para>This document is also available in the following languages:</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<itemizedlist>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para><ulink url="URL">LANGUAGE</ulink>. Include a note of thanks to your translation team.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
</itemizedlist>
|
||||
-->
|
||||
|
||||
<para>If you know of any translations for this document, or you are interested in translating it, please email me <email>YOUR EMAIL</email>.</para>
|
||||
</sect2>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect2 id="preface">
|
||||
<title>Preface</title>
|
||||
<para>Tell us why you decided to write this document.</para>
|
||||
</sect2>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect2 id="thanks">
|
||||
<title>Acknowledgments</title>
|
||||
<para>No one ever writes documentation by themselves. Please take the time to thank the people who have helped you.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- If it is a long list of people, you may want to use a bullet list: -->
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
<itemizedlist>
|
||||
<listitem><para></para></listitem>
|
||||
<listitem><para></para></listitem>
|
||||
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|
||||
</itemizedlist>
|
||||
-->
|
||||
|
||||
</sect2>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect2 id="feedback">
|
||||
<title>Feedback</title>
|
||||
<para>Find something wrong with this document? (Or perhaps something right?) I would love to hear from you. Please email me at <email>YOUR EMAIL</email>.</para>
|
||||
</sect2>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect2 id="conventions">
|
||||
<title>Conventions used in this document</title>
|
||||
<!--
|
||||
This section was provided by Machtelt Garrels.
|
||||
You do not need to include it in your document, especially if your HOWTO is
|
||||
very short.
|
||||
-->
|
||||
<para>The following typographic and usage conventions occur in this text:
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<table id="table-conventions" frame="all">
|
||||
<title>Typographic and usage conventions</title>
|
||||
<tgroup cols="2" align="left" colsep="1" rowsep="1">
|
||||
|
||||
<thead>
|
||||
<row><entry>Text type</entry><entry>Meaning</entry></row>
|
||||
</thead>
|
||||
|
||||
<tbody>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry><quote>Quoted text</quote></entry>
|
||||
<entry>Quotes from people, quoted computer output.</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry><screen>terminal view</screen></entry>
|
||||
<entry>Literal computer input and output captured from the terminal.</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry><command>command</command></entry>
|
||||
<entry>Name of a command that can be entered on the command line.</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry><option>option</option></entry>
|
||||
<entry>Option to a command, as in <quote>the <option>-a</option> option to the
|
||||
<command>ls</command> command</quote>.</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry><parameter>parameter</parameter></entry>
|
||||
<entry>Parameter to a command, as in <quote>read
|
||||
<command>man <parameter>ls</parameter></command></quote>.</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry><cmdsynopsis><command>command <option>options</option>
|
||||
<parameter>arguments</parameter></command></cmdsynopsis></entry>
|
||||
<entry>Command synopsis or general usage, on a separated line.</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry><filename>filename</filename></entry>
|
||||
<entry>Name of a file or directory, for example <quote>Change to the
|
||||
<filename class="directory">/usr/bin</filename> directory.</quote></entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry><menuchoice><guimenu>Menu</guimenu><guimenuitem>Choice</guimenuitem>
|
||||
</menuchoice></entry>
|
||||
<entry>Choice to select from a graphical menu, for instance: <quote>Select
|
||||
<menuchoice><guimenu>Help</guimenu><guimenuitem>About Mozilla</guimenuitem>
|
||||
</menuchoice> in your browser.</quote></entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry><ulink url="http://www.xtrinsic.com">The author</ulink></entry>
|
||||
<entry>Click-able link to an external web resource.</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
</tbody>
|
||||
|
||||
</tgroup>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>Thanks to Machtelt <quote>Tille</quote> Garrels for this list of conventions.</para>
|
||||
</sect2>
|
||||
</sect1>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect1 id="about">
|
||||
<?dbhtml filename="about.html"?>
|
||||
<title>About My Topic</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>Start by explaining the basics of your topic. Is a brief history lesson in order?</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect2 id="distro-news">
|
||||
<title>Distribution News</title>
|
||||
<para>If there is any news specific to each of the distrobutions of Linux, you can include it here.</para>
|
||||
</sect2>
|
||||
</sect1>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect1 id="install">
|
||||
<?dbhtml filename="install.html"?>
|
||||
<title>Installing from scratch</title>
|
||||
<para>Write down each of the steps on how to install any necessary packages/software/etc. Do you need to recompile the kernel to activate new options?</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>If there are any step-by-step instructions, you may want to include them in an example so that they can be easily referred to later.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<example id="ex-install" xreflabel="Installation Instructions">
|
||||
<title>Installation Instructions</title>
|
||||
<orderedlist>
|
||||
<listitem><para>Step One.</para></listitem>
|
||||
<listitem><para>Step Two.</para></listitem>
|
||||
<listitem><para>Step Three.</para></listitem>
|
||||
</orderedlist>
|
||||
</example>
|
||||
</sect1>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<sect1 id="using-softwarepackage" xreflabel="Using SOFTWARE">
|
||||
<?dbhtml filename="using-softwarepackage.html"?>
|
||||
<title>Using SOFTWARE</title>
|
||||
<para>Finally! Now you can describe how to use your system/software/package.</para>
|
||||
</sect1>
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- If you had a second appendix in an external file, you would call it
|
||||
here with the following: -->
|
||||
&appendix;
|
||||
<!-- This exactly matches the word you used at the very top of the
|
||||
document. Use whatever word makes sense to you so long as it only uses
|
||||
letters, underscores and hyphens. -->
|
||||
|
||||
<appendix id="gfdl">
|
||||
<title>GNU Free Documentation License</title>
|
||||
<!-- - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF) -->
|
||||
<!-- LINK REV="made" HREF="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org" -->
|
||||
<!-- http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html -->
|
||||
|
||||
<sect1>
|
||||
<title>GNU Free Documentation License</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>Version 1.1, March 2000</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<blockquote>
|
||||
<para>Copyright (C) 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
|
||||
59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
|
||||
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
|
||||
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.</para>
|
||||
</blockquote>
|
||||
</sect1>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect1 id="gfdl-0">
|
||||
<title>PREAMBLE</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook,
|
||||
or other written document "free" in the sense of freedom: to
|
||||
assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it,
|
||||
with or without modifying it, either commercially or
|
||||
noncommercially. Secondarily, this License preserves for the
|
||||
author and publisher a way to get credit for their work, while not
|
||||
being considered responsible for modifications made by
|
||||
others.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that
|
||||
derivative works of the document must themselves be free in the
|
||||
same sense. It complements the GNU General Public License, which
|
||||
is a copyleft license designed for free software.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals
|
||||
for free software, because free software needs free documentation:
|
||||
a free program should come with manuals providing the same
|
||||
freedoms that the software does. But this License is not limited
|
||||
to software manuals; it can be used for any textual work,
|
||||
regardless of subject matter or whether it is published as a
|
||||
printed book. We recommend this License principally for works
|
||||
whose purpose is instruction or reference.</para>
|
||||
</sect1>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect1 id="gfdl-1">
|
||||
<title>APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>This License applies to any manual or other work that
|
||||
contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be
|
||||
distributed under the terms of this License. The "Document",
|
||||
below, refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the
|
||||
public is a licensee, and is addressed as "you".</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work
|
||||
containing the Document or a portion of it, either copied
|
||||
verbatim, or with modifications and/or translated into another
|
||||
language.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter
|
||||
section of the Document that deals exclusively with the
|
||||
relationship of the publishers or authors of the Document to the
|
||||
Document's overall subject (or to related matters) and contains
|
||||
nothing that could fall directly within that overall subject.
|
||||
(For example, if the Document is in part a textbook of
|
||||
mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any mathematics.)
|
||||
The relationship could be a matter of historical connection with
|
||||
the subject or with related matters, or of legal, commercial,
|
||||
philosophical, ethical or political position regarding
|
||||
them.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections
|
||||
whose titles are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections,
|
||||
in the notice that says that the Document is released under this
|
||||
License.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that
|
||||
are listed, as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the
|
||||
notice that says that the Document is released under this
|
||||
License.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a
|
||||
machine-readable copy, represented in a format whose specification
|
||||
is available to the general public, whose contents can be viewed
|
||||
and edited directly and straightforwardly with generic text
|
||||
editors or (for images composed of pixels) generic paint programs
|
||||
or (for drawings) some widely available drawing editor, and that
|
||||
is suitable for input to text formatters or for automatic
|
||||
translation to a variety of formats suitable for input to text
|
||||
formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file format
|
||||
whose markup has been designed to thwart or discourage subsequent
|
||||
modification by readers is not Transparent. A copy that is not
|
||||
"Transparent" is called "Opaque".</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include
|
||||
plain ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input
|
||||
format, SGML or XML using a publicly available DTD, and
|
||||
standard-conforming simple HTML designed for human modification.
|
||||
Opaque formats include PostScript, PDF, proprietary formats that
|
||||
can be read and edited only by proprietary word processors, SGML
|
||||
or XML for which the DTD and/or processing tools are not generally
|
||||
available, and the machine-generated HTML produced by some word
|
||||
processors for output purposes only.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page
|
||||
itself, plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly,
|
||||
the material this License requires to appear in the title page.
|
||||
For works in formats which do not have any title page as such,
|
||||
"Title Page" means the text near the most prominent appearance of
|
||||
the work's title, preceding the beginning of the body of the
|
||||
text.</para>
|
||||
</sect1>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect1 id="gfdl-2">
|
||||
<title>VERBATIM COPYING</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium,
|
||||
either commercially or noncommercially, provided that this
|
||||
License, the copyright notices, and the license notice saying this
|
||||
License applies to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and
|
||||
that you add no other conditions whatsoever to those of this
|
||||
License. You may not use technical measures to obstruct or
|
||||
control the reading or further copying of the copies you make or
|
||||
distribute. However, you may accept compensation in exchange for
|
||||
copies. If you distribute a large enough number of copies you
|
||||
must also follow the conditions in section 3.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated
|
||||
above, and you may publicly display copies.</para>
|
||||
</sect1>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect1 id="gfdl-3">
|
||||
<title>COPYING IN QUANTITY</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>If you publish printed copies of the Document numbering more
|
||||
than 100, and the Document's license notice requires Cover Texts,
|
||||
you must enclose the copies in covers that carry, clearly and
|
||||
legibly, all these Cover Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front
|
||||
cover, and Back-Cover Texts on the back cover. Both covers must
|
||||
also clearly and legibly identify you as the publisher of these
|
||||
copies. The front cover must present the full title with all
|
||||
words of the title equally prominent and visible. You may add
|
||||
other material on the covers in addition. Copying with changes
|
||||
limited to the covers, as long as they preserve the title of the
|
||||
Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated as verbatim
|
||||
copying in other respects.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to
|
||||
fit legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
|
||||
reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto
|
||||
adjacent pages.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document
|
||||
numbering more than 100, you must either include a
|
||||
machine-readable Transparent copy along with each Opaque copy, or
|
||||
state in or with each Opaque copy a publicly-accessible
|
||||
computer-network location containing a complete Transparent copy
|
||||
of the Document, free of added material, which the general
|
||||
network-using public has access to download anonymously at no
|
||||
charge using public-standard network protocols. If you use the
|
||||
latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, when you
|
||||
begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that
|
||||
this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated
|
||||
location until at least one year after the last time you
|
||||
distribute an Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or
|
||||
retailers) of that edition to the public.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>It is requested, but not required, that you contact the
|
||||
authors of the Document well before redistributing any large
|
||||
number of copies, to give them a chance to provide you with an
|
||||
updated version of the Document.</para>
|
||||
</sect1>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect1 id="gfdl-4">
|
||||
<title>MODIFICATIONS</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the
|
||||
Document under the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided
|
||||
that you release the Modified Version under precisely this
|
||||
License, with the Modified Version filling the role of the
|
||||
Document, thus licensing distribution and modification of the
|
||||
Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy of it. In addition,
|
||||
you must do these things in the Modified Version:</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<orderedlist numeration="upperalpha">
|
||||
<listitem><para>Use in the Title Page
|
||||
(and on the covers, if any) a title distinct from that of the
|
||||
Document, and from those of previous versions (which should, if
|
||||
there were any, be listed in the History section of the
|
||||
Document). You may use the same title as a previous version if
|
||||
the original publisher of that version gives permission.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<listitem><para>List on the Title Page,
|
||||
as authors, one or more persons or entities responsible for
|
||||
authorship of the modifications in the Modified Version,
|
||||
together with at least five of the principal authors of the
|
||||
Document (all of its principal authors, if it has less than
|
||||
five).</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<listitem><para>State on the Title page
|
||||
the name of the publisher of the Modified Version, as the
|
||||
publisher.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<listitem><para>Preserve all the
|
||||
copyright notices of the Document.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<listitem><para>Add an appropriate
|
||||
copyright notice for your modifications adjacent to the other
|
||||
copyright notices.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<listitem><para>Include, immediately
|
||||
after the copyright notices, a license notice giving the public
|
||||
permission to use the Modified Version under the terms of this
|
||||
License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<listitem><para>Preserve in that license
|
||||
notice the full lists of Invariant Sections and required Cover
|
||||
Texts given in the Document's license notice.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<listitem><para>Include an unaltered
|
||||
copy of this License.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<listitem><para>Preserve the section
|
||||
entitled "History", and its title, and add to it an item stating
|
||||
at least the title, year, new authors, and publisher of the
|
||||
Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If there is no
|
||||
section entitled "History" in the Document, create one stating
|
||||
the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as given
|
||||
on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified
|
||||
Version as stated in the previous sentence.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<listitem><para>Preserve the network
|
||||
location, if any, given in the Document for public access to a
|
||||
Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise the network
|
||||
locations given in the Document for previous versions it was
|
||||
based on. These may be placed in the "History" section. You
|
||||
may omit a network location for a work that was published at
|
||||
least four years before the Document itself, or if the original
|
||||
publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<listitem><para>In any section entitled
|
||||
"Acknowledgements" or "Dedications", preserve the section's
|
||||
title, and preserve in the section all the substance and tone of
|
||||
each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or dedications
|
||||
given therein.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<listitem><para>Preserve all the
|
||||
Invariant Sections of the Document, unaltered in their text and
|
||||
in their titles. Section numbers or the equivalent are not
|
||||
considered part of the section titles.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<listitem><para>Delete any section
|
||||
entitled "Endorsements". Such a section may not be included in
|
||||
the Modified Version.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<listitem><para>Do not retitle any
|
||||
existing section as "Endorsements" or to conflict in title with
|
||||
any Invariant Section.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
</orderedlist>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections
|
||||
or appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no
|
||||
material copied from the Document, you may at your option
|
||||
designate some or all of these sections as invariant. To do this,
|
||||
add their titles to the list of Invariant Sections in the Modified
|
||||
Version's license notice. These titles must be distinct from any
|
||||
other section titles.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>You may add a section entitled "Endorsements", provided it
|
||||
contains nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by
|
||||
various parties--for example, statements of peer review or that
|
||||
the text has been approved by an organization as the authoritative
|
||||
definition of a standard.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover
|
||||
Text, and a passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the
|
||||
end of the list of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one
|
||||
passage of Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be
|
||||
added by (or through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the
|
||||
Document already includes a cover text for the same cover,
|
||||
previously added by you or by arrangement made by the same entity
|
||||
you are acting on behalf of, you may not add another; but you may
|
||||
replace the old one, on explicit permission from the previous
|
||||
publisher that added the old one.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by
|
||||
this License give permission to use their names for publicity for
|
||||
or to assert or imply endorsement of any Modified Version.</para>
|
||||
</sect1>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect1 id="gfdl-5">
|
||||
<title>COMBINING DOCUMENTS</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>You may combine the Document with other documents released
|
||||
under this License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for
|
||||
modified versions, provided that you include in the combination
|
||||
all of the Invariant Sections of all of the original documents,
|
||||
unmodified, and list them all as Invariant Sections of your
|
||||
combined work in its license notice.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>The combined work need only contain one copy of this
|
||||
License, and multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced
|
||||
with a single copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with
|
||||
the same name but different contents, make the title of each such
|
||||
section unique by adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the
|
||||
name of the original author or publisher of that section if known,
|
||||
or else a unique number. Make the same adjustment to the section
|
||||
titles in the list of Invariant Sections in the license notice of
|
||||
the combined work.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>In the combination, you must combine any sections entitled
|
||||
"History" in the various original documents, forming one section
|
||||
entitled "History"; likewise combine any sections entitled
|
||||
"Acknowledgements", and any sections entitled "Dedications". You
|
||||
must delete all sections entitled "Endorsements."</para>
|
||||
</sect1>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect1 id="gfdl-6">
|
||||
<title>COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>You may make a collection consisting of the Document and
|
||||
other documents released under this License, and replace the
|
||||
individual copies of this License in the various documents with a
|
||||
single copy that is included in the collection, provided that you
|
||||
follow the rules of this License for verbatim copying of each of
|
||||
the documents in all other respects.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>You may extract a single document from such a collection,
|
||||
and distribute it individually under this License, provided you
|
||||
insert a copy of this License into the extracted document, and
|
||||
follow this License in all other respects regarding verbatim
|
||||
copying of that document.</para>
|
||||
</sect1>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect1 id="gfdl-7">
|
||||
<title>AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other
|
||||
separate and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of
|
||||
a storage or distribution medium, does not as a whole count as a
|
||||
Modified Version of the Document, provided no compilation
|
||||
copyright is claimed for the compilation. Such a compilation is
|
||||
called an "aggregate", and this License does not apply to the
|
||||
other self-contained works thus compiled with the Document, on
|
||||
account of their being thus compiled, if they are not themselves
|
||||
derivative works of the Document.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to
|
||||
these copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than
|
||||
one quarter of the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts
|
||||
may be placed on covers that surround only the Document within the
|
||||
aggregate. Otherwise they must appear on covers around the whole
|
||||
aggregate.</para>
|
||||
</sect1>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect1 id="gfdl-8">
|
||||
<title>TRANSLATION</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
|
||||
distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section
|
||||
4. Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires
|
||||
special permission from their copyright holders, but you may
|
||||
include translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition
|
||||
to the original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may
|
||||
include a translation of this License provided that you also
|
||||
include the original English version of this License. In case of
|
||||
a disagreement between the translation and the original English
|
||||
version of this License, the original English version will
|
||||
prevail.</para>
|
||||
</sect1>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect1 id="gfdl-9">
|
||||
<title>TERMINATION</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the
|
||||
Document except as expressly provided for under this License. Any
|
||||
other attempt to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the
|
||||
Document is void, and will automatically terminate your rights
|
||||
under this License. However, parties who have received copies, or
|
||||
rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses
|
||||
terminated so long as such parties remain in full
|
||||
compliance.</para>
|
||||
</sect1>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect1 id="gfdl-10">
|
||||
<title>FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised
|
||||
versions of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time.
|
||||
Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present
|
||||
version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or
|
||||
concerns. See <ulink
|
||||
url="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/">http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/</ulink>.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>Each version of the License is given a distinguishing
|
||||
version number. If the Document specifies that a particular
|
||||
numbered version of this License "or any later version" applies to
|
||||
it, you have the option of following the terms and conditions
|
||||
either of that specified version or of any later version that has
|
||||
been published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.
|
||||
If the Document does not specify a version number of this License,
|
||||
you may choose any version ever published (not as a draft) by the
|
||||
Free Software Foundation.</para>
|
||||
</sect1>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect1 id="gfdl-11">
|
||||
<title>How to use this License for your documents</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>To use this License in a document you have written, include
|
||||
a copy of the License in the document and put the following
|
||||
copyright and license notices just after the title page:</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<blockquote><para>
|
||||
Copyright (c) YEAR YOUR NAME.
|
||||
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
|
||||
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1
|
||||
or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
|
||||
with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the
|
||||
Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST.
|
||||
A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU
|
||||
Free Documentation License".
|
||||
</para></blockquote>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>If you have no Invariant Sections, write "with no Invariant
|
||||
Sections" instead of saying which ones are invariant. If you have
|
||||
no Front-Cover Texts, write "no Front-Cover Texts" instead of
|
||||
"Front-Cover Texts being LIST"; likewise for Back-Cover
|
||||
Texts.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>If your document contains nontrivial examples of program
|
||||
code, we recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your
|
||||
choice of free software license, such as the GNU General Public
|
||||
License, to permit their use in free software.</para>
|
||||
</sect1>
|
||||
</appendix>
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- Uncomment the following line if you are using an external file for
|
||||
your glossary. You may also paste the contents of that file into the
|
||||
template at this point if you prefer having a single, longer file. -->
|
||||
<!-- &glossary; -->
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- Uncomment the following line if you are using an external file for
|
||||
your bibliography. You may also paste the contents of that file into the
|
||||
template at this point if you prefer having a single, longer file. -->
|
||||
<!-- &bibliography; -->
|
||||
|
||||
</article>
|
||||
File diff suppressed because it is too large
Load Diff
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,473 @@
|
|||
\section{About this document}\label{about}
|
||||
|
||||
\subsection{Copyright and License}\label{copyright}
|
||||
|
||||
Copyright (c) YEAR by YOUR NAME.
|
||||
|
||||
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
|
||||
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or
|
||||
any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no
|
||||
Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover Texts.
|
||||
A copy of the license is included in ?.
|
||||
|
||||
\subsection{Translations}\label{translations}
|
||||
|
||||
If you know of any translations for this document, or you are interested
|
||||
in translating it, please email me \href{mailto:YOUR EMAIL}{YOUR EMAIL}.
|
||||
|
||||
\subsection{Preface}\label{preface}
|
||||
|
||||
Tell us why you decided to write this document.
|
||||
|
||||
\subsection{Acknowledgments}\label{thanks}
|
||||
|
||||
No one ever writes documentation by themselves. Please take the time to
|
||||
thank the people who have helped you.
|
||||
|
||||
\subsection{Feedback}\label{feedback}
|
||||
|
||||
Find something wrong with this document? (Or perhaps something right?) I
|
||||
would love to hear from you. Please email me at
|
||||
\href{mailto:YOUR EMAIL}{YOUR EMAIL}.
|
||||
|
||||
\subsection{Conventions used in this document}\label{conventions}
|
||||
|
||||
The following typographic and usage conventions occur in this text:
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{longtable}[c]{@{}ll@{}}
|
||||
\caption{Typographic and usage conventions}\tabularnewline
|
||||
\toprule
|
||||
Text type & Meaning\tabularnewline
|
||||
\midrule
|
||||
\endfirsthead
|
||||
\toprule
|
||||
Text type & Meaning\tabularnewline
|
||||
\midrule
|
||||
\endhead
|
||||
``Quoted text'' & Quotes from people, quoted computer
|
||||
output.\tabularnewline
|
||||
\begin{verbatim}
|
||||
terminal view
|
||||
\end{verbatim}
|
||||
& Literal computer input and output captured from the
|
||||
terminal.\tabularnewline
|
||||
\texttt{command} & Name of a command that can be entered on the command
|
||||
line.\tabularnewline
|
||||
\texttt{option} & Option to a command, as in ``the \texttt{-a} option to
|
||||
the \texttt{ls} command''.\tabularnewline
|
||||
\texttt{parameter} & Parameter to a command, as in ``read
|
||||
\texttt{man\ ls}''.\tabularnewline
|
||||
\texttt{command\ options\
|
||||
arguments} & Command synopsis or general usage, on a separated
|
||||
line.\tabularnewline
|
||||
\texttt{filename} & Name of a file or directory, for example ``Change to
|
||||
the \texttt{/usr/bin} directory.''\tabularnewline
|
||||
{Menu \textgreater{} Choice} & Choice to select from a graphical menu,
|
||||
for instance: ``Select {Help \textgreater{} About Mozilla} in your
|
||||
browser.''\tabularnewline
|
||||
\href{http://www.xtrinsic.com}{The author} & Click-able link to an
|
||||
external web resource.\tabularnewline
|
||||
\bottomrule
|
||||
\end{longtable}
|
||||
|
||||
Thanks to Machtelt ``Tille'' Garrels for this list of conventions.
|
||||
|
||||
\section{About My Topic}\label{about}
|
||||
|
||||
Start by explaining the basics of your topic. Is a brief history lesson
|
||||
in order?
|
||||
|
||||
\subsection{Distribution News}\label{distro-news}
|
||||
|
||||
If there is any news specific to each of the distrobutions of Linux, you
|
||||
can include it here.
|
||||
|
||||
\section{Installing from scratch}\label{install}
|
||||
|
||||
Write down each of the steps on how to install any necessary
|
||||
packages/software/etc. Do you need to recompile the kernel to activate
|
||||
new options?
|
||||
|
||||
If there are any step-by-step instructions, you may want to include them
|
||||
in an example so that they can be easily referred to later.
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{enumerate}
|
||||
\def\labelenumi{\arabic{enumi}.}
|
||||
\item
|
||||
Step One.
|
||||
\item
|
||||
Step Two.
|
||||
\item
|
||||
Step Three.
|
||||
\end{enumerate}
|
||||
|
||||
\section{Using SOFTWARE}\label{using-softwarepackage}
|
||||
|
||||
Finally! Now you can describe how to use your system/software/package.
|
||||
|
||||
APPENDIX
|
||||
|
||||
\section{GNU Free Documentation License}\label{gfdl}
|
||||
|
||||
\section{GNU Free Documentation License}
|
||||
|
||||
Version 1.1, March 2000
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{quote}
|
||||
Copyright (C) 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 59 Temple Place, Suite
|
||||
330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA Everyone is permitted to copy and
|
||||
distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is
|
||||
not allowed.
|
||||
\end{quote}
|
||||
|
||||
\section{PREAMBLE}\label{gfdl-0}
|
||||
|
||||
The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
|
||||
written document "free" in the sense of freedom: to assure everyone the
|
||||
effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or without modifying
|
||||
it, either commercially or noncommercially. Secondarily, this License
|
||||
preserves for the author and publisher a way to get credit for their
|
||||
work, while not being considered responsible for modifications made by
|
||||
others.
|
||||
|
||||
This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative works
|
||||
of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It
|
||||
complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft license
|
||||
designed for free software.
|
||||
|
||||
We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free
|
||||
software, because free software needs free documentation: a free program
|
||||
should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the software
|
||||
does. But this License is not limited to software manuals; it can be
|
||||
used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or whether it is
|
||||
published as a printed book. We recommend this License principally for
|
||||
works whose purpose is instruction or reference.
|
||||
|
||||
\section{APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS}\label{gfdl-1}
|
||||
|
||||
This License applies to any manual or other work that contains a notice
|
||||
placed by the copyright holder saying it can be distributed under the
|
||||
terms of this License. The "Document", below, refers to any such manual
|
||||
or work. Any member of the public is a licensee, and is addressed as
|
||||
"you".
|
||||
|
||||
A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the
|
||||
Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with
|
||||
modifications and/or translated into another language.
|
||||
|
||||
A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter section of
|
||||
the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the
|
||||
publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall subject
|
||||
(or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall directly
|
||||
within that overall subject. (For example, if the Document is in part a
|
||||
textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any
|
||||
mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical
|
||||
connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal,
|
||||
commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding them.
|
||||
|
||||
The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whose titles are
|
||||
designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice that
|
||||
says that the Document is released under this License.
|
||||
|
||||
The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are listed, as
|
||||
Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that the
|
||||
Document is released under this License.
|
||||
|
||||
A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,
|
||||
represented in a format whose specification is available to the general
|
||||
public, whose contents can be viewed and edited directly and
|
||||
straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of
|
||||
pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available
|
||||
drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or for
|
||||
automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input to text
|
||||
formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file format whose
|
||||
markup has been designed to thwart or discourage subsequent modification
|
||||
by readers is not Transparent. A copy that is not "Transparent" is
|
||||
called "Opaque".
|
||||
|
||||
Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain ASCII
|
||||
without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML or XML
|
||||
using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple HTML
|
||||
designed for human modification. Opaque formats include PostScript, PDF,
|
||||
proprietary formats that can be read and edited only by proprietary word
|
||||
processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or processing tools are
|
||||
not generally available, and the machine-generated HTML produced by some
|
||||
word processors for output purposes only.
|
||||
|
||||
The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself, plus
|
||||
such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material this
|
||||
License requires to appear in the title page. For works in formats which
|
||||
do not have any title page as such, "Title Page" means the text near the
|
||||
most prominent appearance of the work's title, preceding the beginning
|
||||
of the body of the text.
|
||||
|
||||
\section{VERBATIM COPYING}\label{gfdl-2}
|
||||
|
||||
You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
|
||||
commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the
|
||||
copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies to
|
||||
the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other
|
||||
conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use
|
||||
technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further copying
|
||||
of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept
|
||||
compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough
|
||||
number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3.
|
||||
|
||||
You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and
|
||||
you may publicly display copies.
|
||||
|
||||
\section{COPYING IN QUANTITY}\label{gfdl-3}
|
||||
|
||||
If you publish printed copies of the Document numbering more than 100,
|
||||
and the Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose
|
||||
the copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover
|
||||
Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on the
|
||||
back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify you as
|
||||
the publisher of these copies. The front cover must present the full
|
||||
title with all words of the title equally prominent and visible. You may
|
||||
add other material on the covers in addition. Copying with changes
|
||||
limited to the covers, as long as they preserve the title of the
|
||||
Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated as verbatim
|
||||
copying in other respects.
|
||||
|
||||
If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit
|
||||
legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
|
||||
reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent
|
||||
pages.
|
||||
|
||||
If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering
|
||||
more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent
|
||||
copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy a
|
||||
publicly-accessible computer-network location containing a complete
|
||||
Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material, which the
|
||||
general network-using public has access to download anonymously at no
|
||||
charge using public-standard network protocols. If you use the latter
|
||||
option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, when you begin
|
||||
distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that this
|
||||
Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated location
|
||||
until at least one year after the last time you distribute an Opaque
|
||||
copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that edition to
|
||||
the public.
|
||||
|
||||
It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the
|
||||
Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give
|
||||
them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document.
|
||||
|
||||
\section{MODIFICATIONS}\label{gfdl-4}
|
||||
|
||||
You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under the
|
||||
conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release the
|
||||
Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified Version
|
||||
filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution and
|
||||
modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy of it.
|
||||
In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{enumerate}
|
||||
\def\labelenumi{\Alph{enumi}.}
|
||||
\item
|
||||
Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct
|
||||
from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions (which
|
||||
should, if there were any, be listed in the History section of the
|
||||
Document). You may use the same title as a previous version if the
|
||||
original publisher of that version gives permission.
|
||||
\item
|
||||
List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities
|
||||
responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified
|
||||
Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the
|
||||
Document (all of its principal authors, if it has less than five).
|
||||
\item
|
||||
State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the Modified
|
||||
Version, as the publisher.
|
||||
\item
|
||||
Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
|
||||
\item
|
||||
Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications adjacent to
|
||||
the other copyright notices.
|
||||
\item
|
||||
Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice
|
||||
giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the
|
||||
terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.
|
||||
\item
|
||||
Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections
|
||||
and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice.
|
||||
\item
|
||||
Include an unaltered copy of this License.
|
||||
\item
|
||||
Preserve the section entitled "History", and its title, and add to it
|
||||
an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and publisher
|
||||
of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If there is no
|
||||
section entitled "History" in the Document, create one stating the
|
||||
title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as given on its
|
||||
Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified Version as stated
|
||||
in the previous sentence.
|
||||
\item
|
||||
Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for
|
||||
public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise the
|
||||
network locations given in the Document for previous versions it was
|
||||
based on. These may be placed in the "History" section. You may omit a
|
||||
network location for a work that was published at least four years
|
||||
before the Document itself, or if the original publisher of the
|
||||
version it refers to gives permission.
|
||||
\item
|
||||
In any section entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications", preserve
|
||||
the section's title, and preserve in the section all the substance and
|
||||
tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or dedications
|
||||
given therein.
|
||||
\item
|
||||
Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, unaltered in
|
||||
their text and in their titles. Section numbers or the equivalent are
|
||||
not considered part of the section titles.
|
||||
\item
|
||||
Delete any section entitled "Endorsements". Such a section may not be
|
||||
included in the Modified Version.
|
||||
\item
|
||||
Do not retitle any existing section as "Endorsements" or to conflict
|
||||
in title with any Invariant Section.
|
||||
\end{enumerate}
|
||||
|
||||
If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or appendices
|
||||
that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material copied from
|
||||
the Document, you may at your option designate some or all of these
|
||||
sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the list of
|
||||
Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice. These
|
||||
titles must be distinct from any other section titles.
|
||||
|
||||
You may add a section entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains
|
||||
nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various
|
||||
parties-\/-for example, statements of peer review or that the text has
|
||||
been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a
|
||||
standard.
|
||||
|
||||
You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a
|
||||
passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list
|
||||
of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of Front-Cover
|
||||
Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or through arrangements
|
||||
made by) any one entity. If the Document already includes a cover text
|
||||
for the same cover, previously added by you or by arrangement made by
|
||||
the same entity you are acting on behalf of, you may not add another;
|
||||
but you may replace the old one, on explicit permission from the
|
||||
previous publisher that added the old one.
|
||||
|
||||
The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License
|
||||
give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or
|
||||
imply endorsement of any Modified Version.
|
||||
|
||||
\section{COMBINING DOCUMENTS}\label{gfdl-5}
|
||||
|
||||
You may combine the Document with other documents released under this
|
||||
License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified
|
||||
versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the
|
||||
Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and
|
||||
list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its license
|
||||
notice.
|
||||
|
||||
The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
|
||||
multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single
|
||||
copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but
|
||||
different contents, make the title of each such section unique by adding
|
||||
at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original author or
|
||||
publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number. Make the
|
||||
same adjustment to the section titles in the list of Invariant Sections
|
||||
in the license notice of the combined work.
|
||||
|
||||
In the combination, you must combine any sections entitled "History" in
|
||||
the various original documents, forming one section entitled "History";
|
||||
likewise combine any sections entitled "Acknowledgements", and any
|
||||
sections entitled "Dedications". You must delete all sections entitled
|
||||
"Endorsements."
|
||||
|
||||
\section{COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS}\label{gfdl-6}
|
||||
|
||||
You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents
|
||||
released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this
|
||||
License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in
|
||||
the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for
|
||||
verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects.
|
||||
|
||||
You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute
|
||||
it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this
|
||||
License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all
|
||||
other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.
|
||||
|
||||
\section{AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS}\label{gfdl-7}
|
||||
|
||||
A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate and
|
||||
independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or
|
||||
distribution medium, does not as a whole count as a Modified Version of
|
||||
the Document, provided no compilation copyright is claimed for the
|
||||
compilation. Such a compilation is called an "aggregate", and this
|
||||
License does not apply to the other self-contained works thus compiled
|
||||
with the Document, on account of their being thus compiled, if they are
|
||||
not themselves derivative works of the Document.
|
||||
|
||||
If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these copies
|
||||
of the Document, then if the Document is less than one quarter of the
|
||||
entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on covers
|
||||
that surround only the Document within the aggregate. Otherwise they
|
||||
must appear on covers around the whole aggregate.
|
||||
|
||||
\section{TRANSLATION}\label{gfdl-8}
|
||||
|
||||
Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may distribute
|
||||
translations of the Document under the terms of section 4. Replacing
|
||||
Invariant Sections with translations requires special permission from
|
||||
their copyright holders, but you may include translations of some or all
|
||||
Invariant Sections in addition to the original versions of these
|
||||
Invariant Sections. You may include a translation of this License
|
||||
provided that you also include the original English version of this
|
||||
License. In case of a disagreement between the translation and the
|
||||
original English version of this License, the original English version
|
||||
will prevail.
|
||||
|
||||
\section{TERMINATION}\label{gfdl-9}
|
||||
|
||||
You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except
|
||||
as expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt to copy,
|
||||
modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will
|
||||
automatically terminate your rights under this License. However, parties
|
||||
who have received copies, or rights, from you under this License will
|
||||
not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in
|
||||
full compliance.
|
||||
|
||||
\section{FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE}\label{gfdl-10}
|
||||
|
||||
The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of the
|
||||
GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new versions will
|
||||
be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
|
||||
address new problems or concerns. See
|
||||
\url{http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/}.
|
||||
|
||||
Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. If
|
||||
the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this
|
||||
License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option of
|
||||
following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or
|
||||
of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the
|
||||
Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version
|
||||
number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not
|
||||
as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.
|
||||
|
||||
\section{How to use this License for your documents}\label{gfdl-11}
|
||||
|
||||
To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
|
||||
the License in the document and put the following copyright and license
|
||||
notices just after the title page:
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{quote}
|
||||
Copyright (c) YEAR YOUR NAME. Permission is granted to copy, distribute
|
||||
and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free
|
||||
Documentation License, Version 1.1 or any later version published by the
|
||||
Free Software Foundation; with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR
|
||||
TITLES, with the Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover
|
||||
Texts being LIST. A copy of the license is included in the section
|
||||
entitled "GNU Free Documentation License".
|
||||
\end{quote}
|
||||
|
||||
If you have no Invariant Sections, write "with no Invariant Sections"
|
||||
instead of saying which ones are invariant. If you have no Front-Cover
|
||||
Texts, write "no Front-Cover Texts" instead of "Front-Cover Texts being
|
||||
LIST"; likewise for Back-Cover Texts.
|
||||
|
||||
If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
|
||||
recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of free
|
||||
software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to permit
|
||||
their use in free software.
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,591 @@
|
|||
\begin{verbatim}
|
||||
<!-- Appendix -->
|
||||
<!-- <!ENTITY appendix SYSTEM "ldp-appendix.xml"> -->
|
||||
<!-- Remember to uncomment &appendix; in the document body as well. -->
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- Glossary -->
|
||||
<!-- <!ENTITY glossary SYSTEM "ldp-glossary.xml"> -->
|
||||
<!-- Remember to uncomment &glossary; in the document body as well. -->
|
||||
|
||||
<!-- Bibliography -->
|
||||
<!-- <!ENTITY bibliography SYSTEM "ldp-bibliography.xml"> -->
|
||||
<!-- Remember to uncomment &bibliography; in the document body as well. -->
|
||||
\end{verbatim}
|
||||
|
||||
{]}\textgreater{}
|
||||
|
||||
Sample XML HOWTO
|
||||
|
||||
Your Given Name Your Family Name (Surname)
|
||||
|
||||
A short sentence about who you are.
|
||||
|
||||
company name
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{verbatim}
|
||||
<!-- A valid email is required. You may add a spam blocker, or get a Yahoo/Gmail/etc account. -->
|
||||
<address>
|
||||
<email>youremail@domain.NOSPAM.org</email>
|
||||
</address>
|
||||
</affiliation>
|
||||
\end{verbatim}
|
||||
|
||||
YYYY-MM-DD
|
||||
|
||||
This is a sample DocBook XML HOWTO which you may use as a document
|
||||
template.
|
||||
|
||||
1.1 2005-03-04 ME A short note about what you have changed. 1.0
|
||||
YYYY-MM-DD ME First official release.
|
||||
|
||||
About this document
|
||||
|
||||
Copyright and License
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{verbatim}
|
||||
Copyright (c) YEAR by YOUR NAME.</para>
|
||||
<para>Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
|
||||
document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version
|
||||
1.1 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
|
||||
with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover
|
||||
Texts.
|
||||
A copy of the license is included in <xref linkend="gfdl"/>.
|
||||
<!-- The LDP requires you to include the full text of the license. -->
|
||||
\end{verbatim}
|
||||
|
||||
Translations
|
||||
|
||||
If you know of any translations for this document, or you are interested
|
||||
in translating it, please email me YOUR EMAIL.
|
||||
|
||||
Preface
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{verbatim}
|
||||
<para>Tell us why you decided to write this document.</para>
|
||||
\end{verbatim}
|
||||
|
||||
Acknowledgments
|
||||
|
||||
No one ever writes documentation by themselves. Please take the time to
|
||||
thank the people who have helped you.
|
||||
|
||||
Feedback
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{verbatim}
|
||||
<para>Find something wrong with this document? (Or perhaps something right?) I would love to hear from you. Please email me at <email>YOUR EMAIL</email>.</para>
|
||||
\end{verbatim}
|
||||
|
||||
Conventions used in this document
|
||||
|
||||
The following typographic and usage conventions occur in this text:
|
||||
|
||||
Typographic and usage conventions
|
||||
|
||||
Text typeMeaning
|
||||
|
||||
Quoted text Quotes from people, quoted computer output.
|
||||
|
||||
terminal view
|
||||
|
||||
Literal computer input and output captured from the terminal. command
|
||||
Name of a command that can be entered on the command line. option Option
|
||||
to a command, as in the -a option to the ls command. parameter Parameter
|
||||
to a command, as in read man ls.
|
||||
|
||||
command options arguments
|
||||
|
||||
Command synopsis or general usage, on a separated line. filename Name
|
||||
of a file or directory, for example Change to the /usr/bin directory.
|
||||
MenuChoice Choice to select from a graphical menu, for instance: Select
|
||||
HelpAbout Mozilla in your browser. The author Click-able link to an
|
||||
external web resource.
|
||||
|
||||
Thanks to Machtelt Tille Garrels for this list of conventions.
|
||||
|
||||
About My Topic
|
||||
|
||||
Start by explaining the basics of your topic. Is a brief history lesson
|
||||
in order?
|
||||
|
||||
Distribution News
|
||||
|
||||
If there is any news specific to each of the distrobutions of Linux, you
|
||||
can include it here.
|
||||
|
||||
Installing from scratch
|
||||
|
||||
Write down each of the steps on how to install any necessary
|
||||
packages/software/etc. Do you need to recompile the kernel to activate
|
||||
new options?
|
||||
|
||||
If there are any step-by-step instructions, you may want to include them
|
||||
in an example so that they can be easily referred to later.
|
||||
|
||||
Installation Instructions
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{verbatim}
|
||||
<listitem><para>Step One.</para></listitem>
|
||||
<listitem><para>Step Two.</para></listitem>
|
||||
<listitem><para>Step Three.</para></listitem>
|
||||
\end{verbatim}
|
||||
|
||||
Using SOFTWARE
|
||||
|
||||
Finally! Now you can describe how to use your system/software/package.
|
||||
|
||||
\&appendix;
|
||||
|
||||
GNU Free Documentation License
|
||||
|
||||
GNU Free Documentation License
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{verbatim}
|
||||
<para>Version 1.1, March 2000</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<blockquote>
|
||||
<para>Copyright (C) 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
|
||||
\end{verbatim}
|
||||
|
||||
59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA Everyone is
|
||||
permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license
|
||||
document, but changing it is not allowed.
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{verbatim}
|
||||
</blockquote>
|
||||
</sect1>
|
||||
\end{verbatim}
|
||||
|
||||
PREAMBLE
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{verbatim}
|
||||
<para>The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook,
|
||||
or other written document "free" in the sense of freedom: to
|
||||
assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it,
|
||||
with or without modifying it, either commercially or
|
||||
noncommercially. Secondarily, this License preserves for the
|
||||
author and publisher a way to get credit for their work, while not
|
||||
being considered responsible for modifications made by
|
||||
others.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that
|
||||
derivative works of the document must themselves be free in the
|
||||
same sense. It complements the GNU General Public License, which
|
||||
is a copyleft license designed for free software.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals
|
||||
for free software, because free software needs free documentation:
|
||||
a free program should come with manuals providing the same
|
||||
freedoms that the software does. But this License is not limited
|
||||
to software manuals; it can be used for any textual work,
|
||||
regardless of subject matter or whether it is published as a
|
||||
printed book. We recommend this License principally for works
|
||||
whose purpose is instruction or reference.</para>
|
||||
\end{verbatim}
|
||||
|
||||
APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{verbatim}
|
||||
<para>This License applies to any manual or other work that
|
||||
contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be
|
||||
distributed under the terms of this License. The "Document",
|
||||
below, refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the
|
||||
public is a licensee, and is addressed as "you".</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work
|
||||
containing the Document or a portion of it, either copied
|
||||
verbatim, or with modifications and/or translated into another
|
||||
language.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter
|
||||
section of the Document that deals exclusively with the
|
||||
relationship of the publishers or authors of the Document to the
|
||||
Document's overall subject (or to related matters) and contains
|
||||
nothing that could fall directly within that overall subject.
|
||||
(For example, if the Document is in part a textbook of
|
||||
mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any mathematics.)
|
||||
The relationship could be a matter of historical connection with
|
||||
the subject or with related matters, or of legal, commercial,
|
||||
philosophical, ethical or political position regarding
|
||||
them.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections
|
||||
whose titles are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections,
|
||||
in the notice that says that the Document is released under this
|
||||
License.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that
|
||||
are listed, as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the
|
||||
notice that says that the Document is released under this
|
||||
License.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a
|
||||
machine-readable copy, represented in a format whose specification
|
||||
is available to the general public, whose contents can be viewed
|
||||
and edited directly and straightforwardly with generic text
|
||||
editors or (for images composed of pixels) generic paint programs
|
||||
or (for drawings) some widely available drawing editor, and that
|
||||
is suitable for input to text formatters or for automatic
|
||||
translation to a variety of formats suitable for input to text
|
||||
formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file format
|
||||
whose markup has been designed to thwart or discourage subsequent
|
||||
modification by readers is not Transparent. A copy that is not
|
||||
"Transparent" is called "Opaque".</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include
|
||||
plain ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input
|
||||
format, SGML or XML using a publicly available DTD, and
|
||||
standard-conforming simple HTML designed for human modification.
|
||||
Opaque formats include PostScript, PDF, proprietary formats that
|
||||
can be read and edited only by proprietary word processors, SGML
|
||||
or XML for which the DTD and/or processing tools are not generally
|
||||
available, and the machine-generated HTML produced by some word
|
||||
processors for output purposes only.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page
|
||||
itself, plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly,
|
||||
the material this License requires to appear in the title page.
|
||||
For works in formats which do not have any title page as such,
|
||||
"Title Page" means the text near the most prominent appearance of
|
||||
the work's title, preceding the beginning of the body of the
|
||||
text.</para>
|
||||
\end{verbatim}
|
||||
|
||||
VERBATIM COPYING
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{verbatim}
|
||||
<para>You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium,
|
||||
either commercially or noncommercially, provided that this
|
||||
License, the copyright notices, and the license notice saying this
|
||||
License applies to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and
|
||||
that you add no other conditions whatsoever to those of this
|
||||
License. You may not use technical measures to obstruct or
|
||||
control the reading or further copying of the copies you make or
|
||||
distribute. However, you may accept compensation in exchange for
|
||||
copies. If you distribute a large enough number of copies you
|
||||
must also follow the conditions in section 3.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated
|
||||
above, and you may publicly display copies.</para>
|
||||
\end{verbatim}
|
||||
|
||||
COPYING IN QUANTITY
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{verbatim}
|
||||
<para>If you publish printed copies of the Document numbering more
|
||||
than 100, and the Document's license notice requires Cover Texts,
|
||||
you must enclose the copies in covers that carry, clearly and
|
||||
legibly, all these Cover Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front
|
||||
cover, and Back-Cover Texts on the back cover. Both covers must
|
||||
also clearly and legibly identify you as the publisher of these
|
||||
copies. The front cover must present the full title with all
|
||||
words of the title equally prominent and visible. You may add
|
||||
other material on the covers in addition. Copying with changes
|
||||
limited to the covers, as long as they preserve the title of the
|
||||
Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated as verbatim
|
||||
copying in other respects.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to
|
||||
fit legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
|
||||
reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto
|
||||
adjacent pages.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document
|
||||
numbering more than 100, you must either include a
|
||||
machine-readable Transparent copy along with each Opaque copy, or
|
||||
state in or with each Opaque copy a publicly-accessible
|
||||
computer-network location containing a complete Transparent copy
|
||||
of the Document, free of added material, which the general
|
||||
network-using public has access to download anonymously at no
|
||||
charge using public-standard network protocols. If you use the
|
||||
latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, when you
|
||||
begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that
|
||||
this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated
|
||||
location until at least one year after the last time you
|
||||
distribute an Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or
|
||||
retailers) of that edition to the public.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>It is requested, but not required, that you contact the
|
||||
authors of the Document well before redistributing any large
|
||||
number of copies, to give them a chance to provide you with an
|
||||
updated version of the Document.</para>
|
||||
\end{verbatim}
|
||||
|
||||
MODIFICATIONS
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{verbatim}
|
||||
<para>You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the
|
||||
Document under the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided
|
||||
that you release the Modified Version under precisely this
|
||||
License, with the Modified Version filling the role of the
|
||||
Document, thus licensing distribution and modification of the
|
||||
Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy of it. In addition,
|
||||
you must do these things in the Modified Version:</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<orderedlist numeration="upperalpha">
|
||||
<listitem><para>Use in the Title Page
|
||||
(and on the covers, if any) a title distinct from that of the
|
||||
Document, and from those of previous versions (which should, if
|
||||
there were any, be listed in the History section of the
|
||||
Document). You may use the same title as a previous version if
|
||||
the original publisher of that version gives permission.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<listitem><para>List on the Title Page,
|
||||
as authors, one or more persons or entities responsible for
|
||||
authorship of the modifications in the Modified Version,
|
||||
together with at least five of the principal authors of the
|
||||
Document (all of its principal authors, if it has less than
|
||||
five).</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<listitem><para>State on the Title page
|
||||
the name of the publisher of the Modified Version, as the
|
||||
publisher.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<listitem><para>Preserve all the
|
||||
copyright notices of the Document.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<listitem><para>Add an appropriate
|
||||
copyright notice for your modifications adjacent to the other
|
||||
copyright notices.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<listitem><para>Include, immediately
|
||||
after the copyright notices, a license notice giving the public
|
||||
permission to use the Modified Version under the terms of this
|
||||
License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<listitem><para>Preserve in that license
|
||||
notice the full lists of Invariant Sections and required Cover
|
||||
Texts given in the Document's license notice.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<listitem><para>Include an unaltered
|
||||
copy of this License.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<listitem><para>Preserve the section
|
||||
entitled "History", and its title, and add to it an item stating
|
||||
at least the title, year, new authors, and publisher of the
|
||||
Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If there is no
|
||||
section entitled "History" in the Document, create one stating
|
||||
the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as given
|
||||
on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified
|
||||
Version as stated in the previous sentence.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<listitem><para>Preserve the network
|
||||
location, if any, given in the Document for public access to a
|
||||
Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise the network
|
||||
locations given in the Document for previous versions it was
|
||||
based on. These may be placed in the "History" section. You
|
||||
may omit a network location for a work that was published at
|
||||
least four years before the Document itself, or if the original
|
||||
publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<listitem><para>In any section entitled
|
||||
"Acknowledgements" or "Dedications", preserve the section's
|
||||
title, and preserve in the section all the substance and tone of
|
||||
each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or dedications
|
||||
given therein.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<listitem><para>Preserve all the
|
||||
Invariant Sections of the Document, unaltered in their text and
|
||||
in their titles. Section numbers or the equivalent are not
|
||||
considered part of the section titles.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<listitem><para>Delete any section
|
||||
entitled "Endorsements". Such a section may not be included in
|
||||
the Modified Version.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<listitem><para>Do not retitle any
|
||||
existing section as "Endorsements" or to conflict in title with
|
||||
any Invariant Section.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
</orderedlist>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections
|
||||
or appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no
|
||||
material copied from the Document, you may at your option
|
||||
designate some or all of these sections as invariant. To do this,
|
||||
add their titles to the list of Invariant Sections in the Modified
|
||||
Version's license notice. These titles must be distinct from any
|
||||
other section titles.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>You may add a section entitled "Endorsements", provided it
|
||||
contains nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by
|
||||
various parties--for example, statements of peer review or that
|
||||
the text has been approved by an organization as the authoritative
|
||||
definition of a standard.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover
|
||||
Text, and a passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the
|
||||
end of the list of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one
|
||||
passage of Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be
|
||||
added by (or through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the
|
||||
Document already includes a cover text for the same cover,
|
||||
previously added by you or by arrangement made by the same entity
|
||||
you are acting on behalf of, you may not add another; but you may
|
||||
replace the old one, on explicit permission from the previous
|
||||
publisher that added the old one.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by
|
||||
this License give permission to use their names for publicity for
|
||||
or to assert or imply endorsement of any Modified Version.</para>
|
||||
\end{verbatim}
|
||||
|
||||
COMBINING DOCUMENTS
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{verbatim}
|
||||
<para>You may combine the Document with other documents released
|
||||
under this License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for
|
||||
modified versions, provided that you include in the combination
|
||||
all of the Invariant Sections of all of the original documents,
|
||||
unmodified, and list them all as Invariant Sections of your
|
||||
combined work in its license notice.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>The combined work need only contain one copy of this
|
||||
License, and multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced
|
||||
with a single copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with
|
||||
the same name but different contents, make the title of each such
|
||||
section unique by adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the
|
||||
name of the original author or publisher of that section if known,
|
||||
or else a unique number. Make the same adjustment to the section
|
||||
titles in the list of Invariant Sections in the license notice of
|
||||
the combined work.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>In the combination, you must combine any sections entitled
|
||||
"History" in the various original documents, forming one section
|
||||
entitled "History"; likewise combine any sections entitled
|
||||
"Acknowledgements", and any sections entitled "Dedications". You
|
||||
must delete all sections entitled "Endorsements."</para>
|
||||
\end{verbatim}
|
||||
|
||||
COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{verbatim}
|
||||
<para>You may make a collection consisting of the Document and
|
||||
other documents released under this License, and replace the
|
||||
individual copies of this License in the various documents with a
|
||||
single copy that is included in the collection, provided that you
|
||||
follow the rules of this License for verbatim copying of each of
|
||||
the documents in all other respects.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>You may extract a single document from such a collection,
|
||||
and distribute it individually under this License, provided you
|
||||
insert a copy of this License into the extracted document, and
|
||||
follow this License in all other respects regarding verbatim
|
||||
copying of that document.</para>
|
||||
\end{verbatim}
|
||||
|
||||
AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{verbatim}
|
||||
<para>A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other
|
||||
separate and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of
|
||||
a storage or distribution medium, does not as a whole count as a
|
||||
Modified Version of the Document, provided no compilation
|
||||
copyright is claimed for the compilation. Such a compilation is
|
||||
called an "aggregate", and this License does not apply to the
|
||||
other self-contained works thus compiled with the Document, on
|
||||
account of their being thus compiled, if they are not themselves
|
||||
derivative works of the Document.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to
|
||||
these copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than
|
||||
one quarter of the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts
|
||||
may be placed on covers that surround only the Document within the
|
||||
aggregate. Otherwise they must appear on covers around the whole
|
||||
aggregate.</para>
|
||||
\end{verbatim}
|
||||
|
||||
TRANSLATION
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{verbatim}
|
||||
<para>Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
|
||||
distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section
|
||||
4. Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires
|
||||
special permission from their copyright holders, but you may
|
||||
include translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition
|
||||
to the original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may
|
||||
include a translation of this License provided that you also
|
||||
include the original English version of this License. In case of
|
||||
a disagreement between the translation and the original English
|
||||
version of this License, the original English version will
|
||||
prevail.</para>
|
||||
\end{verbatim}
|
||||
|
||||
TERMINATION
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{verbatim}
|
||||
<para>You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the
|
||||
Document except as expressly provided for under this License. Any
|
||||
other attempt to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the
|
||||
Document is void, and will automatically terminate your rights
|
||||
under this License. However, parties who have received copies, or
|
||||
rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses
|
||||
terminated so long as such parties remain in full
|
||||
compliance.</para>
|
||||
\end{verbatim}
|
||||
|
||||
FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{verbatim}
|
||||
<para>The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised
|
||||
versions of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time.
|
||||
Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present
|
||||
version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or
|
||||
concerns. See <ulink
|
||||
url="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/">http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/</ulink>.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>Each version of the License is given a distinguishing
|
||||
version number. If the Document specifies that a particular
|
||||
numbered version of this License "or any later version" applies to
|
||||
it, you have the option of following the terms and conditions
|
||||
either of that specified version or of any later version that has
|
||||
been published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.
|
||||
If the Document does not specify a version number of this License,
|
||||
you may choose any version ever published (not as a draft) by the
|
||||
Free Software Foundation.</para>
|
||||
\end{verbatim}
|
||||
|
||||
How to use this License for your documents
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{verbatim}
|
||||
<para>To use this License in a document you have written, include
|
||||
a copy of the License in the document and put the following
|
||||
copyright and license notices just after the title page:</para>
|
||||
\end{verbatim}
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{verbatim}
|
||||
Copyright (c) YEAR YOUR NAME.
|
||||
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
|
||||
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1
|
||||
or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
|
||||
with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the
|
||||
Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST.
|
||||
A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU
|
||||
Free Documentation License".
|
||||
\end{verbatim}
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{verbatim}
|
||||
<para>If you have no Invariant Sections, write "with no Invariant
|
||||
Sections" instead of saying which ones are invariant. If you have
|
||||
no Front-Cover Texts, write "no Front-Cover Texts" instead of
|
||||
"Front-Cover Texts being LIST"; likewise for Back-Cover
|
||||
Texts.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>If your document contains nontrivial examples of program
|
||||
code, we recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your
|
||||
choice of free software license, such as the GNU General Public
|
||||
License, to permit their use in free software.</para>
|
||||
\end{verbatim}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue