mirror of https://github.com/tLDP/LDP
2003-03-08 Gregory Leblanc <gleblanc@linuxweasel.com>
* Linux-RAID-FAQ.sgml: Removed, migrated to XML * Linux-RAID-FAQ.xml: Updated with new information.
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<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook V3.1//EN">
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<article class="faq" id="index">
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<artheader>
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<title>Linux-RAID FAQ</title>
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<author>
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<firstname>Gregory</firstname>
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<surname>Leblanc</surname>
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<affiliation>
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<address>
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<email>gleblanc (at) cu-portland.edu</email>
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</address>
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</affiliation>
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</author>
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<revhistory>
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<revision>
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<revnumber>v0.0.10</revnumber>
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<date>24 April 2001</date>
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<authorinitials>gml</authorinitials>
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<revremark>
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Added a new section and question about benchmarking.</revremark>
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</revision>
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<revision>
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<revnumber>v0.0.9</revnumber>
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<date>9 October 2000</date>
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<authorinitials>gml</authorinitials>
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<revremark>
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Updates to the location of the patches, and a couple of other
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things which I can't remember.</revremark>
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</revision>
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</revhistory>
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<abstract>
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<para>This is a FAQ for the Linux-RAID mailing list, hosted on
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vger.kernel.org. vger.rutgers.edu is gone, so don't bother
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looking for it. It's intended as a supplement to the existing
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Linux-RAID HOWTO, to cover questions that keep occurring on the
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mailing list. PLEASE read this document before your post to the
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list.</para>
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</abstract>
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</artheader>
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<qandaset>
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<qandadiv>
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<title>General</title>
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<qandaentry>
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<question>
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<para>Where can I find archives for the linux-raid mailing
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list?</para>
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</question>
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<answer>
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<para>My favorite archives are at <ulink
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url="http://www.geocrawler.com/lists/3/Linux/57/0/">http://www.geocrawler.com/lists/3/Linux/57/0/</ulink>.</para>
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<para>Other archives are available at <ulink
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url="http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-raid&r=1&w=2">http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-raid&r=1&w=2</ulink></para>
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<para>Another archive site is <ulink
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url="http://www.mail-archive.com/linux-raid@vger.rutgers.edu/">http://www.mail-archive.com/linux-raid@vger.rutgers.edu/</ulink></para>
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</answer>
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</qandaentry>
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<qandaentry>
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<question>
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<para>Where can I find the latest version of this FAQ?</para>
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</question>
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<answer>
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<para>The latest version of this FAQ will be available from the
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LDP website at <ulink
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url="http://www.LinuxDoc.org/FAQ/">http://www.LinuxDoc.org/FAQ/</ulink>.
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As soon as I get my server at home fixed I'll make it available
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there as well.</para>
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</answer>
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</qandaentry>
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<qandaentry>
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<question>
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<para>What sorts of things does this list cover?</para>
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</question>
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<answer>
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<para>Well, obviously this list covers RAID in relation to
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Linux. Most of the discussions are related to the raid code
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that's been built into the Linux kernel. There are also a few
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discussions on getting hardware based RAID controllers working
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using Linux as the operating system. Any and all of these
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discussions are valid for this list.</para>
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</answer>
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</qandaentry>
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</qandadiv>
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<qandadiv>
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<title>Kernel</title>
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<qandaentry>
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<question>
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<para>I'm running <replaceable>[insert your linux distribution
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here]</replaceable>. Do I need to patch my kernel to make RAID
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work?</para>
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</question>
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<answer>
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<para>Well, the short answer is, it depends. Some distributions
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are using the RAID 0.90 patches, while others leave the kernel
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with the older md code. Unfortunately, I don't have a list of
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which distributions have which kernels. If you'd like to
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maintain such a list, please email me
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<<email>gleblanc@cu-portland.edu</email>> as well as the
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linux-raid mailing list.</para>
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<para>
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If you download a 2.2.x kernel from ftp.kernel.org, then you
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will need to patch your kernel.</para>
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</answer>
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</qandaentry>
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<qandaentry>
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<question>
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<para>How can I tell if I need to patch my kernel?</para>
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</question>
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<answer>
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<para>That depends on which kernel series you're using. If
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you're using the 2.4.x kernels, then you've already got the
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latest RAID code that's available. If you're running 2.2.x, see
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the following instructions on how to find out.</para>
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<para>The easiest way is to check what's in
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<filename>/proc/mdstat</filename>. Here's a sample from a 2.2.x
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kernel, <emphasis>with</emphasis> the RAID patches applied.
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<screen format="linespecific">
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[gleblanc@grego1 gleblanc]$ cat /proc/mdstat
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Personalities : [linear] [raid0] [raid1] [raid5] [translucent]
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read_ahead not set
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unused devices: <none>
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</screen>
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If the contents of <filename>/proc/mdstat</filename> looks like the
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above, then you don't need to patch your kernel.</para> <para>The
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"Personalities" line in your kernel may not look exactly like the
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above, if you have RAID compiled as modules. Most distributions
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will have RAID compiled as modules to save space on the boot
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diskette. If you're not using any RAID sets, then you will
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probably see a blank space at the end of the "Personalities"
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line, don't worry, that just means that the RAID modules aren't
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loaded yet.</para>
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<para>Here's a sample from a 2.2.x kernel,
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<emphasis>without</emphasis> the RAID patches applied.
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<screen format="linespecific">
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[root@serek ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
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Personalities : [1 linear] [2 raid0]
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read_ahead not set
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md0 : inactive
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md1 : inactive
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md2 : inactive
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md3 : inactive
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</screen>
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<emphasis>If your <filename>/proc/mdstat</filename> looks like this
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one, then you need to patch your kernel.</emphasis></para>
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</answer>
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</qandaentry>
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<qandaentry>
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<question>
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<para>Where can I get the latest RAID patches for my kernel?</para>
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</question>
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<answer>
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<para>The patches for the 2.2.x kernels up to, and including,
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2.2.13 are available from <ulink
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url="ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/daemons/raid/alpha/">ftp.kernel.org</ulink>.
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Use the kernel patch that most closely matches your kernel
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revision. For example, the 2.2.11 patch can also be used on
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2.2.12 and 2.2.13.</para>
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<para>The patches for 2.2.14 and later kernels are at <ulink
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url="http://people.redhat.com/mingo/raid-patches/">http://people.redhat.com/mingo/raid-patches/</ulink>.
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Use the right patch for your kernel, these patches haven't
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worked on other kernel revisions yet. Please use something like
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wget/curl/lftp to retrieve this patch, as it's easier on the
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server than using a client like Netscape. Downloading patches
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with Lynx has been unsuccessful for me; wget may be the easiest
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way.
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<note>
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<para>These patches should also be available from
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<ulink url="ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/mingo/raid-patches/">
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ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/mingo/raid-patches/</ulink>
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I could not find them on my local mirror, but please check
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yours before using the main kernel.org site. You can find a
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list of the local mirrors at <ulink
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url="http://www.kernel.org/mirrors/">http://www.kernel.org/mirrors/</ulink>.</para>
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</note>
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</para>
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</answer>
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</qandaentry>
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<qandaentry>
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<question>
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<para>How do I apply the patch to a kernel that I just
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downloaded from ftp.kernel.org?</para>
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</question>
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<answer>
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<para>First, unpack the kernel into some directory, generally
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people use <filename class="directory">/usr/src/linux</filename>.
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Change to this directory, and type <command>patch -p1 <
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/path/to/raid-version.patch</command>.
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<informalexample>
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<para>On my RedHat 6.2 system, I decompressed the 2.2.16 kernel
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into <filename
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class="directory">/usr/src/linux-2.2.16</filename>. From
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<filename class="directory">/usr/src/linux-2.2.16</filename>, I
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type in <command>patch -p1 <
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<replaceable>/home/gleblanc/raid-2.2.16-A0</replaceable></command>.
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Then I rebuild the kernel using <command>make
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menuconfig</command> and related builds.</para>
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</informalexample>
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</para>
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</answer>
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</qandaentry>
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<qandaentry>
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<question>
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<para>What kind of drives can I use RAID with? Do only SCSI or
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IDE drives work? Do I need different patches for different kinds
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of drives?</para>
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</question>
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<answer>
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<para>Software RAID works with any block device in the Linux
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kernel. This includes IDE and SCSI drives, as well as most
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harware RAID controllers. There are no different patches for IDE
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drives vs. SCSI drives.</para>
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</answer>
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</qandaentry>
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</qandadiv>
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<qandadiv>
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<title>RAIDtools</title>
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<qandaentry>
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<question>
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<para>Why are the RAIDtools at <ulink
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url="http://people.redhat.com/mingo/raid-patches/">http://people.redhat.com/mingo/raid-patches/</ulink>
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labeled <emphasis>dangerous</emphasis>, and if they're dangerous,
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should I use them?</para>
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</question>
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<answer>
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<para>The tools are labeled <emphasis>dangerous</emphasis>
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because the RAID code isn't part of the <quote>stable</quote>
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Linux kernel.</para> <para>The tools found at the above URL are
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the latest and greatest. You <emphasis>should</emphasis> use
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these tools with the kernel patches from the same
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location.</para>
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</answer>
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</qandaentry>
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<qandaentry>
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<question>
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<para>Are there any tools other than the
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<emphasis>dangerous</emphasis> ones available?</para>
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</question>
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<answer>
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<para>No, the <emphasis>dangerous</emphasis> tools available from
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<ulink
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url="http://people.redhat.com/mingo/raid-patches/">http://people.redhat.com/mingo/raid-patches/</ulink>
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are the most current tools to use. <emphasis>Everyone using
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RAID with the patches at the above location should be using
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these <emphasis>dangerous</emphasis> tools.</emphasis></para>
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</answer>
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</qandaentry>
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</qandadiv>
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<qandadiv>
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<title>Disk Failures and Recovery</title>
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<qandaentry>
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<question>
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<para>How can I tell if one of the disks in my RAID array has
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failed?</para>
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</question>
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<answer>
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<para>A couple of things should indicate when a disk has failed.
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There should be quite a few messages in
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<filename>/var/log/messages</filename> indicating errors
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accessing that device, which should be a good indication that
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something is wrong.</para> <para>You should also notice that your
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<filename>/proc/mdstat</filename> looks different. Here's a snip
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from a good /proc/mdstat
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<screen format="linespecific">
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[gleblanc@grego1 gleblanc]$ cat /proc/mdstat
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Personalities : [linear] [raid0] [raid1] [raid5] [translucent]
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read_ahead not set
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md0 : active raid1 sdb5[0] sda5[1] 32000 blocks [2/2] [UU]
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unused devices: <none>
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</screen>
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</para>
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<para>And here's one from a <filename>/proc/mdstat</filename>
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where one of the RAID sets has a missing disk.
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<screen format="linespecific">
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[gleblanc@grego1 gleblanc]$ cat /proc/mdstat
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Personalities : [linear] [raid0] [raid1] [raid5] [translucent]
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read_ahead not set
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md0 : active raid1 sdb5[0] sda5[1] 32000 blocks [2/1] [U_]
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unused devices: <none>
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</screen>
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</para>
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<para>I don't know if <filename>/proc/mdstat</filename> will
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reflect the status of a HOT SPARE. If you have set one up, you
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should be watching <filename>/var/log/messages</filename> for any
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disk failures. I'd like to get some logs of a disk failure, and
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<filename>/proc/mdstat</filename> from a system with a hot
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spare.</para>
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</answer>
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</qandaentry>
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<qandaentry>
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<question>
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<para>So my RAID set is missing a disk, what do I do now?</para>
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|
||||||
</question>
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||||||
<answer>
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|
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<para>RAID generally doesn't mark a disk as bad unless it is, so
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you probably need a new disk. Most disks have a 3 year warranty,
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|
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but some good SCSI hard drives may have a 5 year warranty. See
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|
||||||
if you can get the manufacturer to replace the failed disk for
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|
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you.</para> <para>When you get the new disk, power down the
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system, and install it, then partition the drive so that it has
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||||||
partitions the size of your missing RAID partitions. After
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you're finished partitioning the disk, use the command
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<command>raidhotadd</command> to put the new disk into the array
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and begin reconstruction. See <ulink
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|
||||||
url="http://www.LinuxDoc.org/HOWTO/Software-RAID-HOWTO-6.html">Chapter
|
|
||||||
6</ulink> of the <ulink
|
|
||||||
url="http://www.LinuxDoc.org/HOWTO/Software-RAID-HOWTO.html">Software
|
|
||||||
RAID HOWTO</ulink> for more information.</para>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
</answer>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
</qandaentry>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<qandaentry>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<question>
|
|
||||||
<para><command>dmesg</command> shows <quote>md: serializing
|
|
||||||
resync, md4 has overlapping physical units with md5</quote>.
|
|
||||||
What does this mean?</para>
|
|
||||||
</question>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<answer>
|
|
||||||
<para>In that message <quote>physical units</quote> refers to
|
|
||||||
disks, and not to blocks on the disks. Since there is more than
|
|
||||||
1 RAID array that needs resyncing on a disk, the RAID code is
|
|
||||||
going to sync md4 first, and md5 second, to avoid excessive seeks
|
|
||||||
(also called thrashing), which would drastically slow the resync
|
|
||||||
process.</para>
|
|
||||||
</answer>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
</qandaentry>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
</qandadiv>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<qandadiv>
|
|
||||||
<title>Benchmarking</title>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<qandaentry>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<question>
|
|
||||||
<para>How should I benchmark my RAID devices? Are there any
|
|
||||||
tools that work particularly well?</para>
|
|
||||||
</question>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<answer>
|
|
||||||
<para>There are really a few options for benchmarking your RAID
|
|
||||||
array, depending on what you're looking to test. RAID offers the
|
|
||||||
greatest speed increases when there are multiple threads reading
|
|
||||||
from the same RAID volume.</para>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<para>One tool specificly designed to test and show off these
|
|
||||||
performance gains is <ulink
|
|
||||||
url="http://tiobench.sourceforge.net/"
|
|
||||||
type="http"><application>tiobench</application></ulink>. It uses
|
|
||||||
multiple read and write threads on the disk, and has some pretty
|
|
||||||
good reporting.</para>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<para>Another good tool to use is <ulink
|
|
||||||
url="http://www.coker.com.au/bonnie++/"
|
|
||||||
type="http"><application>bonnie++</application></ulink>. It
|
|
||||||
seems to be more targeted at benchmarking single drives that at
|
|
||||||
RAID, but still provides useful information.</para>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<para>One tool <emphasis>NOT</emphasis> to use is
|
|
||||||
<application>hdparm</application>. It does not give useful
|
|
||||||
performance numbers for any drives that I've heard about, and has
|
|
||||||
been known to give some incredibly off-the-wall numbers as well.
|
|
||||||
If you want to do <emphasis>real</emphasis> benchmarking, use
|
|
||||||
one of the tools listed above.</para>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
</answer>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
</qandaentry>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
</qandadiv>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
</qandaset>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
</article>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<!-- Keep this comment at the end of the file
|
|
||||||
Local variables:
|
|
||||||
mode: sgml
|
|
||||||
sgml-omittag:t
|
|
||||||
sgml-shorttag:t
|
|
||||||
sgml-namecase-general:t
|
|
||||||
sgml-general-insert-case:lower
|
|
||||||
sgml-minimize-attributes:nil
|
|
||||||
sgml-always-quote-attributes:t
|
|
||||||
sgml-indent-step:1
|
|
||||||
sgml-indent-data:1
|
|
||||||
sgml-parent-document:nil
|
|
||||||
sgml-exposed-tags:nil
|
|
||||||
sgml-local-catalogs:nil
|
|
||||||
sgml-local-ecat-files:nil
|
|
||||||
End:
|
|
||||||
-->
|
|
|
@ -1,22 +1,36 @@
|
||||||
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook V3.1//EN">
|
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<article class="faq" id="index">
|
<article class="faq" id="index">
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<artheader>
|
<articleinfo>
|
||||||
<title>Linux-RAID FAQ</title>
|
<title>Linux-RAID FAQ</title>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<author>
|
<author>
|
||||||
<firstname>Gregory</firstname>
|
<firstname>Gregory</firstname>
|
||||||
<surname>Leblanc</surname>
|
<surname>Leblanc</surname>
|
||||||
<affiliation>
|
<email>gleblanc@linuxweasel.com</email>
|
||||||
<address>
|
|
||||||
<email>gleblanc (at) cu-portland.edu</email>
|
|
||||||
</address>
|
|
||||||
</affiliation>
|
|
||||||
</author>
|
</author>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<revhistory>
|
<revhistory>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<revision>
|
||||||
|
<revnumber>v0.0.12</revnumber>
|
||||||
|
<date>2003-03-05</date>
|
||||||
|
<authorinitials>gml</authorinitials>
|
||||||
|
<revremark>Fleshed out questions that cover using mdadm, small formatting
|
||||||
|
changes</revremark>
|
||||||
|
</revision>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<revision>
|
||||||
|
<revnumber>v0.0.11</revnumber>
|
||||||
|
<date>2003-01-08</date>
|
||||||
|
<authorinitials>gml</authorinitials>
|
||||||
|
<revremark>Updated Archive Locations, information on when to patch, added
|
||||||
|
a note about old patches being missing, removed question about the
|
||||||
|
raidtools being dangerous (since they don't appear to be so labeled any
|
||||||
|
longer). </revremark>
|
||||||
|
</revision>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<revision>
|
<revision>
|
||||||
<revnumber>v0.0.10</revnumber>
|
<revnumber>v0.0.10</revnumber>
|
||||||
<date>24 April 2001</date>
|
<date>24 April 2001</date>
|
||||||
|
@ -25,15 +39,6 @@
|
||||||
Added a new section and question about benchmarking.</revremark>
|
Added a new section and question about benchmarking.</revremark>
|
||||||
</revision>
|
</revision>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<revision>
|
|
||||||
<revnumber>v0.0.9</revnumber>
|
|
||||||
<date>9 October 2000</date>
|
|
||||||
<authorinitials>gml</authorinitials>
|
|
||||||
<revremark>
|
|
||||||
Updates to the location of the patches, and a couple of other
|
|
||||||
things which I can't remember.</revremark>
|
|
||||||
</revision>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
</revhistory>
|
</revhistory>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@ -47,29 +52,71 @@
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
</abstract>
|
</abstract>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
</artheader>
|
<legalnotice>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<qandaset>
|
<title>Linux RAID FAQ Copyright</title>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<qandadiv>
|
<para>This documentation was developed for the Linux Documentation Project
|
||||||
<title>General</title>
|
by Gregory Leblanc.</para>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<qandaentry>
|
<para>Redistribution and use in source (XML DocBook) and 'compiled' forms
|
||||||
<question>
|
(XML, HTML, PDF, PostScript, RTF and so forth) with or without
|
||||||
|
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
|
||||||
|
met:</para>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<orderedlist>
|
||||||
|
<listitem>
|
||||||
|
<para>Redistributions of source code (XML DocBook) must
|
||||||
|
retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions
|
||||||
|
and the following disclaimer as the first lines of this file
|
||||||
|
unmodified.</para>
|
||||||
|
</listitem>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<listitem>
|
||||||
|
<para>Redistributions in compiled form (transformed to other
|
||||||
|
DTDs, converted to PDF, PostScript, RTF and other formats)
|
||||||
|
must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of
|
||||||
|
conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
|
||||||
|
and/or other materials provided with the
|
||||||
|
distribution.</para>
|
||||||
|
</listitem>
|
||||||
|
</orderedlist>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<important>
|
||||||
|
<para>THIS DOCUMENTATION IS PROVIDED BY THE GREGORY LEBLANC "AS IS" AND
|
||||||
|
ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
|
||||||
|
IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
|
||||||
|
PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL NETWORKS ASSOCIATES
|
||||||
|
TECHNOLOGY, INC BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
|
||||||
|
EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
|
||||||
|
PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
|
||||||
|
PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
|
||||||
|
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
|
||||||
|
NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
|
||||||
|
DOCUMENTATION, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.</para>
|
||||||
|
</important>
|
||||||
|
</legalnotice>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
</articleinfo>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<qandaset>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<qandadiv id="general">
|
||||||
|
<title>General</title>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<qandaentry id="archives">
|
||||||
|
<question>
|
||||||
<para>Where can I find archives for the linux-raid mailing
|
<para>Where can I find archives for the linux-raid mailing
|
||||||
list?</para>
|
list?</para>
|
||||||
</question>
|
</question>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<answer>
|
<answer>
|
||||||
<para>My favorite archives are at <ulink
|
<para>The only archives left seem to be available at <ulink
|
||||||
url="http://www.geocrawler.com/lists/3/Linux/57/0/">http://www.geocrawler.com/lists/3/Linux/57/0/</ulink>.</para>
|
|
||||||
<para>Other archives are available at <ulink
|
|
||||||
url="http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-raid&r=1&w=2">http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-raid&r=1&w=2</ulink></para>
|
url="http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-raid&r=1&w=2">http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-raid&r=1&w=2</ulink></para>
|
||||||
<para>Another archive site is <ulink
|
|
||||||
url="http://www.mail-archive.com/linux-raid@vger.rutgers.edu/">http://www.mail-archive.com/linux-raid@vger.rutgers.edu/</ulink></para>
|
|
||||||
</answer>
|
</answer>
|
||||||
</qandaentry>
|
</qandaentry>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<qandaentry>
|
<qandaentry id="wherefaq">
|
||||||
<question>
|
<question>
|
||||||
<para>Where can I find the latest version of this FAQ?</para>
|
<para>Where can I find the latest version of this FAQ?</para>
|
||||||
</question>
|
</question>
|
||||||
|
@ -77,14 +124,12 @@
|
||||||
<answer>
|
<answer>
|
||||||
<para>The latest version of this FAQ will be available from the
|
<para>The latest version of this FAQ will be available from the
|
||||||
LDP website at <ulink
|
LDP website at <ulink
|
||||||
url="http://www.LinuxDoc.org/FAQ/">http://www.LinuxDoc.org/FAQ/</ulink>.
|
url="http://www.tldp.org/FAQ/">http://www.tldp.org/FAQ/</ulink>.</para>
|
||||||
As soon as I get my server at home fixed I'll make it available
|
|
||||||
there as well.</para>
|
|
||||||
</answer>
|
</answer>
|
||||||
</qandaentry>
|
</qandaentry>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<qandaentry>
|
<qandaentry id="listcovers">
|
||||||
<question>
|
<question>
|
||||||
<para>What sorts of things does this list cover?</para>
|
<para>What sorts of things does this list cover?</para>
|
||||||
</question>
|
</question>
|
||||||
|
@ -102,12 +147,10 @@
|
||||||
</qandadiv>
|
</qandadiv>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<qandadiv id="kernel">
|
||||||
<qandadiv>
|
|
||||||
<title>Kernel</title>
|
<title>Kernel</title>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<qandaentry>
|
<qandaentry id="whoneedstopatch">
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<question>
|
<question>
|
||||||
<para>I'm running <replaceable>[insert your linux distribution
|
<para>I'm running <replaceable>[insert your linux distribution
|
||||||
here]</replaceable>. Do I need to patch my kernel to make RAID
|
here]</replaceable>. Do I need to patch my kernel to make RAID
|
||||||
|
@ -115,21 +158,16 @@
|
||||||
</question>
|
</question>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<answer>
|
<answer>
|
||||||
<para>Well, the short answer is, it depends. Some distributions
|
<para>At this point, most major distributions are shipping with a 2.4
|
||||||
are using the RAID 0.90 patches, while others leave the kernel
|
based kernel, which already includes the necessary patches. If your
|
||||||
with the older md code. Unfortunately, I don't have a list of
|
distribution is still using a 2.2.x kernel, upgrade!</para>
|
||||||
which distributions have which kernels. If you'd like to
|
|
||||||
maintain such a list, please email me
|
|
||||||
<<email>gleblanc@cu-portland.edu</email>> as well as the
|
|
||||||
linux-raid mailing list.</para>
|
|
||||||
<para>
|
<para>
|
||||||
If you download a 2.2.x kernel from ftp.kernel.org, then you
|
If you download a 2.2.x kernel from ftp.kernel.org, then you
|
||||||
will need to patch your kernel.</para>
|
will need to patch your kernel.</para>
|
||||||
</answer>
|
</answer>
|
||||||
</qandaentry>
|
</qandaentry>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<qandaentry>
|
<qandaentry id="needtopatch">
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<question>
|
<question>
|
||||||
<para>How can I tell if I need to patch my kernel?</para>
|
<para>How can I tell if I need to patch my kernel?</para>
|
||||||
</question>
|
</question>
|
||||||
|
@ -179,13 +217,10 @@ md3 : inactive
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<emphasis>If your <filename>/proc/mdstat</filename> looks like this
|
<emphasis>If your <filename>/proc/mdstat</filename> looks like this
|
||||||
one, then you need to patch your kernel.</emphasis></para>
|
one, then you need to patch your kernel.</emphasis></para>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
</answer>
|
</answer>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
</qandaentry>
|
</qandaentry>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<qandaentry>
|
<qandaentry id="wherepatches">
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<question>
|
<question>
|
||||||
<para>Where can I get the latest RAID patches for my kernel?</para>
|
<para>Where can I get the latest RAID patches for my kernel?</para>
|
||||||
</question>
|
</question>
|
||||||
|
@ -196,46 +231,37 @@ one, then you need to patch your kernel.</emphasis></para>
|
||||||
url="ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/daemons/raid/alpha/">ftp.kernel.org</ulink>.
|
url="ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/daemons/raid/alpha/">ftp.kernel.org</ulink>.
|
||||||
Use the kernel patch that most closely matches your kernel
|
Use the kernel patch that most closely matches your kernel
|
||||||
revision. For example, the 2.2.11 patch can also be used on
|
revision. For example, the 2.2.11 patch can also be used on
|
||||||
2.2.12 and 2.2.13.</para>
|
2.2.12 and 2.2.13. <important>
|
||||||
|
<para>These patches are no longer available
|
||||||
|
from this location! I haven't been able to find the new location for
|
||||||
|
them, please email me if you know where they've gone.</para>
|
||||||
|
</important>
|
||||||
|
</para>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<para>The patches for 2.2.14 and later kernels are at <ulink
|
<para>The patches for 2.2.14 and later kernels are at <ulink
|
||||||
url="http://people.redhat.com/mingo/raid-patches/">http://people.redhat.com/mingo/raid-patches/</ulink>.
|
url="http://people.redhat.com/mingo/raid-patches/">http://people.redhat.com/mingo/raid-patches/</ulink>.
|
||||||
Use the right patch for your kernel, these patches haven't
|
Use the right patch for your kernel, these patches haven't
|
||||||
worked on other kernel revisions yet. Please use something like
|
worked on other kernel revisions. Please use something like
|
||||||
wget/curl/lftp to retrieve this patch, as it's easier on the
|
wget/curl/lftp to retrieve this patch, as it's easier on the
|
||||||
server than using a client like Netscape. Downloading patches
|
server than using a client like Netscape. Downloading patches
|
||||||
with Lynx has been unsuccessful for me; wget may be the easiest
|
with Lynx has been unsuccessful for me; wget may be the easiest
|
||||||
way.
|
way.</para>
|
||||||
<note>
|
|
||||||
<para>These patches should also be available from
|
|
||||||
<ulink url="ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/mingo/raid-patches/">
|
|
||||||
ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/mingo/raid-patches/</ulink>
|
|
||||||
I could not find them on my local mirror, but please check
|
|
||||||
yours before using the main kernel.org site. You can find a
|
|
||||||
list of the local mirrors at <ulink
|
|
||||||
url="http://www.kernel.org/mirrors/">http://www.kernel.org/mirrors/</ulink>.</para>
|
|
||||||
</note>
|
|
||||||
</para>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
</answer>
|
</answer>
|
||||||
</qandaentry>
|
</qandaentry>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<qandaentry>
|
<qandaentry id="howtopatch">
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<question>
|
<question>
|
||||||
<para>How do I apply the patch to a kernel that I just
|
<para>How do I apply the patch to a kernel that I just
|
||||||
downloaded from ftp.kernel.org?</para>
|
downloaded from ftp.kernel.org?</para>
|
||||||
</question>
|
</question>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<answer>
|
<answer>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<para>First, unpack the kernel into some directory, generally
|
<para>First, unpack the kernel into some directory, generally
|
||||||
people use <filename class="directory">/usr/src/linux</filename>.
|
people use <filename class="directory">/usr/src/linux</filename>.
|
||||||
Change to this directory, and type <command>patch -p1 <
|
Change to this directory, and type <command>patch -p1 <
|
||||||
/path/to/raid-version.patch</command>.
|
/path/to/raid-version.patch</command>.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<informalexample>
|
<informalexample>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<para>On my RedHat 6.2 system, I decompressed the 2.2.16 kernel
|
<para>On my RedHat 6.2 system, I decompressed the 2.2.16 kernel
|
||||||
into <filename
|
into <filename
|
||||||
class="directory">/usr/src/linux-2.2.16</filename>. From
|
class="directory">/usr/src/linux-2.2.16</filename>. From
|
||||||
|
@ -247,13 +273,10 @@ one, then you need to patch your kernel.</emphasis></para>
|
||||||
</informalexample>
|
</informalexample>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
</para>
|
</para>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
</answer>
|
</answer>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
</qandaentry>
|
</qandaentry>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<qandaentry>
|
<qandaentry id="whichdrives">
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<question>
|
<question>
|
||||||
<para>What kind of drives can I use RAID with? Do only SCSI or
|
<para>What kind of drives can I use RAID with? Do only SCSI or
|
||||||
IDE drives work? Do I need different patches for different kinds
|
IDE drives work? Do I need different patches for different kinds
|
||||||
|
@ -270,54 +293,45 @@ one, then you need to patch your kernel.</emphasis></para>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
</qandadiv>
|
</qandadiv>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<qandadiv>
|
<qandadiv id="tools">
|
||||||
<title>RAIDtools</title>
|
<title>RAID tools</title>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<qandaentry>
|
<qandaentry id="whattools">
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<question>
|
<question>
|
||||||
<para>Why are the RAIDtools at <ulink
|
<para>What tools are available for dealing with my Linux Software RAID
|
||||||
url="http://people.redhat.com/mingo/raid-patches/">http://people.redhat.com/mingo/raid-patches/</ulink>
|
arrays?</para>
|
||||||
labeled <emphasis>dangerous</emphasis>, and if they're dangerous,
|
|
||||||
should I use them?</para>
|
|
||||||
</question>
|
</question>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<answer>
|
<answer>
|
||||||
<para>The tools are labeled <emphasis>dangerous</emphasis>
|
<para>There are currently two sets of tools available. Both sets work
|
||||||
because the RAID code isn't part of the <quote>stable</quote>
|
quite well, and have essentially the same functionalty. I recommend the
|
||||||
Linux kernel.</para> <para>The tools found at the above URL are
|
newer set of tools, because they're much easier to use, but I'll mention
|
||||||
the latest and greatest. You <emphasis>should</emphasis> use
|
where to get the older tools as well.</para>
|
||||||
these tools with the kernel patches from the same
|
|
||||||
location.</para>
|
<para>The new set of tools is called <application>mdadm</application>.
|
||||||
|
It doesn't have much of a homepage, but you can download tarballs and
|
||||||
|
RPMs from <ulink
|
||||||
|
url="http://www.cse.unsw.edu.au/~neilb/source/mdadm/">http://www.cse.unsw.edu.au/~neilb/source/mdadm/</ulink>.
|
||||||
|
I suggest that anyone who isn't already familar with the 'raidtools'
|
||||||
|
package use these (and in fact, I suggest that folks who already know the
|
||||||
|
raidtools package switch over to these).</para>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<para>The older set of tools is called
|
||||||
|
<application>raidtools</application>. They're available from <ulink
|
||||||
|
url="http://people.redhat.com/mingo/raidtools/">http://people.redhat.com/mingo/raidtools/</ulink>.
|
||||||
|
I believe there are other locations available, since Red Hat Linux is
|
||||||
|
shipping based on a tarball numbered 1.00.3, which I can't find online.
|
||||||
|
If anybody knows where these are, please let me know.</para>
|
||||||
</answer>
|
</answer>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
</qandaentry>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<qandaentry>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<question>
|
|
||||||
<para>Are there any tools other than the
|
|
||||||
<emphasis>dangerous</emphasis> ones available?</para>
|
|
||||||
</question>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<answer>
|
|
||||||
<para>No, the <emphasis>dangerous</emphasis> tools available from
|
|
||||||
<ulink
|
|
||||||
url="http://people.redhat.com/mingo/raid-patches/">http://people.redhat.com/mingo/raid-patches/</ulink>
|
|
||||||
are the most current tools to use. <emphasis>Everyone using
|
|
||||||
RAID with the patches at the above location should be using
|
|
||||||
these <emphasis>dangerous</emphasis> tools.</emphasis></para>
|
|
||||||
</answer>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
</qandaentry>
|
</qandaentry>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
</qandadiv>
|
</qandadiv>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<qandadiv>
|
<qandadiv id="failrecover">
|
||||||
<title>Disk Failures and Recovery</title>
|
<title>Disk Failures and Recovery</title>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<qandaentry>
|
<qandaentry id="hasfailed">
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<question>
|
<question>
|
||||||
<para>How can I tell if one of the disks in my RAID array has
|
<para>How can I tell if one of the disks in my RAID array has
|
||||||
failed?</para>
|
failed?</para>
|
||||||
|
@ -365,58 +379,69 @@ unused devices: <none>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
</qandaentry>
|
</qandaentry>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<qandaentry>
|
<qandaentry id="missingdisk">
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<question>
|
<question>
|
||||||
<para>So my RAID set is missing a disk, what do I do now?</para>
|
<para>So my RAID set is missing a disk, what do I do now?</para>
|
||||||
</question>
|
</question>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<answer>
|
<answer>
|
||||||
<para>RAID generally doesn't mark a disk as bad unless it is, so
|
<para>Software-RAID generally doesn't mark a disk as bad unless it is, so
|
||||||
you probably need a new disk. Most disks have a 3 year warranty,
|
you probably need a new disk. Most decent quality disks have a 3 year
|
||||||
but some good SCSI hard drives may have a 5 year warranty. See
|
warranty, but some exceptional (and expensive) SCSI hard drives may have
|
||||||
if you can get the manufacturer to replace the failed disk for
|
wararnties as long as 5 years, or even longer. More and more hard drive
|
||||||
you.</para> <para>When you get the new disk, power down the
|
vendors are giving a 1 year warranty on their "consumer" drives. I
|
||||||
system, and install it, then partition the drive so that it has
|
suggest avoiding any drive with a 1 year warranty if at all possible.
|
||||||
partitions the size of your missing RAID partitions. After
|
Try to have the manufacturer replace the failed disk if it's still under
|
||||||
you're finished partitioning the disk, use the command
|
warranty.</para>
|
||||||
<command>raidhotadd</command> to put the new disk into the array
|
|
||||||
and begin reconstruction. See <ulink
|
<para>When you get the new disk, power down the system, and install it,
|
||||||
|
then partition the drive so that it has partitions the size of your
|
||||||
|
missing RAID partitions. Once you have the partitions set up properly,
|
||||||
|
just run <command>mdadm --add <replaceable>/dev/md0</replaceable>
|
||||||
|
<replaceable>/dev/hdc1</replaceable></command>, where
|
||||||
|
<replaceable>/dev/md0</replaceable> is the RAID array you're adding the
|
||||||
|
partition to, and <replaceable>/dev/hdc1</replaceable> is the partition
|
||||||
|
that you're trying to add. Reconstruction should start
|
||||||
|
immediately.</para>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<para>If you would prefer to use the RAIDtools suite, you can use the
|
||||||
|
command <command>raidhotadd</command> to put the new disk into the array
|
||||||
|
and begin reconstruction. See <ulink
|
||||||
url="http://www.LinuxDoc.org/HOWTO/Software-RAID-HOWTO-6.html">Chapter
|
url="http://www.LinuxDoc.org/HOWTO/Software-RAID-HOWTO-6.html">Chapter
|
||||||
6</ulink> of the <ulink
|
6</ulink> of the <ulink
|
||||||
url="http://www.LinuxDoc.org/HOWTO/Software-RAID-HOWTO.html">Software
|
url="http://www.LinuxDoc.org/HOWTO/Software-RAID-HOWTO.html">Software
|
||||||
RAID HOWTO</ulink> for more information.</para>
|
RAID HOWTO</ulink> for more information.</para>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
</answer>
|
</answer>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
</qandaentry>
|
</qandaentry>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<qandaentry>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<qandaentry id="overlap">
|
||||||
<question>
|
<question>
|
||||||
<para><command>dmesg</command> shows <quote>md: serializing
|
<para><command>dmesg</command> shows <quote>md: serializing resync,
|
||||||
resync, md4 has overlapping physical units with md5</quote>.
|
<replaceable>md4</replaceable> has overlapping physical units
|
||||||
What does this mean?</para>
|
with <replaceable>md5</replaceable></quote> (where md4 and md5 are two
|
||||||
|
of your software RAID devices). What does this mean?</para>
|
||||||
</question>
|
</question>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<answer>
|
<answer>
|
||||||
<para>In that message <quote>physical units</quote> refers to
|
<para>In that message <quote>physical units</quote> refers to
|
||||||
disks, and not to blocks on the disks. Since there is more than
|
disks, and not to blocks on the disks. Since there is more than
|
||||||
1 RAID array that needs resyncing on a disk, the RAID code is
|
one RAID array that needs resyncing on one of the disks in use for your
|
||||||
going to sync md4 first, and md5 second, to avoid excessive seeks
|
RAID arrays, the RAID code is going to sync md4 first, and md5 second, to
|
||||||
(also called thrashing), which would drastically slow the resync
|
avoid excessive seeks (also called thrashing), which would drastically
|
||||||
process.</para>
|
slow the resync process.</para>
|
||||||
</answer>
|
</answer>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
</qandaentry>
|
</qandaentry>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
</qandadiv>
|
</qandadiv>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<qandadiv>
|
|
||||||
|
<qandadiv id="benchmarking">
|
||||||
<title>Benchmarking</title>
|
<title>Benchmarking</title>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<qandaentry>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<qandaentry id="howbenchmark">
|
||||||
<question>
|
<question>
|
||||||
<para>How should I benchmark my RAID devices? Are there any
|
<para>How should I benchmark my RAID devices? Are there any
|
||||||
tools that work particularly well?</para>
|
tools that work particularly well?</para>
|
||||||
|
@ -447,9 +472,7 @@ unused devices: <none>
|
||||||
been known to give some incredibly off-the-wall numbers as well.
|
been known to give some incredibly off-the-wall numbers as well.
|
||||||
If you want to do <emphasis>real</emphasis> benchmarking, use
|
If you want to do <emphasis>real</emphasis> benchmarking, use
|
||||||
one of the tools listed above.</para>
|
one of the tools listed above.</para>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
</answer>
|
</answer>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
</qandaentry>
|
</qandaentry>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
</qandadiv>
|
</qandadiv>
|
||||||
|
@ -461,7 +484,7 @@ unused devices: <none>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<!-- Keep this comment at the end of the file
|
<!-- Keep this comment at the end of the file
|
||||||
Local variables:
|
Local variables:
|
||||||
mode: sgml
|
mode: xml
|
||||||
sgml-omittag:t
|
sgml-omittag:t
|
||||||
sgml-shorttag:t
|
sgml-shorttag:t
|
||||||
sgml-namecase-general:t
|
sgml-namecase-general:t
|
||||||
|
|
Loading…
Reference in New Issue