mirror of https://github.com/tLDP/LDP
Updated VCR-HOWTO to include VCD creation instructions. Added some
minor corrections as well. This version is ready for publication.
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@ -15,13 +15,14 @@ Changelog:
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<author>Brian Hayward, <tt/twivel@slothmud.org/
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<date>0.03, 2001-03-10
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<date>0.04, 2001-07-30
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<abstract> <!-- the abstract: a short and precise description -->
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<nidx>VCRHOWTO</nidx> <!-- add indexing keywords as you go along -->
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<!-- nidx means the indexed word is not in output of main text, only in the index -->
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This is a guide to setting up your GNU/Linux workstation as a digital VCR using
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the video4linux driver and a supported tuner card.
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the video4linux driver and a supported tuner card. A section has been added for creating VCD's that can be
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played in any DVD/VCD player as well.
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</abstract>
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@ -114,13 +115,15 @@ linuxpe (at) uol.com.br -- Working on Portuguese Translation.
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sam (at) daemoninc.com -- Tips for expanding this document.
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HeikoL77 (at) web.de -- Links to more information.
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Henry.Kingman (at) zdnet.com -- Links to more information on supported video cards.
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aoe (at) mars.tuwien.ac.at -- Alexander provided the section on creating VCD's.
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</verb></tscreen>
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<sect1>Translations
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<p>
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Unfortunately no translations of this document currently exist. Once they become available, I
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will provide links to them here. A Portuguese translation is in the works, this will be completed by
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either Carlos Fernando Scheidecker Antunes or Marcio Montenegro.
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Marcio Montenegro was kind enough to translate this document to Portuguese. His translation is available at
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<url url="http://sites.uol.com.br/linuxpe" name="this site">. Feel free to translate this document to other
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languages. If you send me a link, I will credit you and include it in this document. Please note that for
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it to be included in the Linux Documentation Project, you will have to provide it in sgml format.
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<p>
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@ -192,11 +195,11 @@ Make sure xawtv functions for your tuner card before proceeding.
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<sect2>Sample .xawtv configuration file.
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<p>
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Here is a sample ".xawtv" configureation file. This should be placed within the
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Here is a sample ".xawtv" configuration file. This should be placed within the
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home directory for the user who will be doing the VCR recording. I suggest adding
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presets to your .xawtv file for all channels(0-NNN) (even non-existing ones) because you
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will use the "v4lctl" command to switch channels later. This command makes use
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of 'preset number' rather than 'channel number', so it's conveniant to have preset
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of 'preset number' rather than 'channel number', so it's convenient to have preset
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numbers be the same as actual channel numbers. The following configuration file
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was designed for US-cable, your mileage may vary.
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<verb>
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@ -491,27 +494,26 @@ You will need avifile-0.5x and binaries-xxxxxx.zip. You should extract the bina
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# unzip /path/to/binaries-010122.zip
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</verb>
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You will need to be root for the make install step to work.
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If you receive any errors, they were probably due to a missing dependancy during
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the configure step. Resolve any dependancies and try again. This should work
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If you receive any errors, they were probably due to a missing dependency during
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the configure step. Resolve any dependencies and try again. This should work
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smoothly on any recent distribution that was installed with 'development' tools.
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<p>
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<sect1>Installing the VCR frame-grabber program
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<p>
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You can get the latest vcr program (vcr-1.05 at the time I wrote this) from
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You can get the latest vcr program (vcr-1.07 at the time I wrote this) from
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<url url="http://www.stack.nl/~brama/vcr/" name="The VCR Homepage">.
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<p>
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<sect2>Compiling and installing vcr-1.05
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<sect2>Compiling and installing vcr-1.07
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<p>
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You will need to be root for the make install step to work.
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<verb>
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# tar xvfz vcr-1.05.tar.gz
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# cd vcr-1.05
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# tar xvfz vcr-1.07.tar.gz
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# cd vcr-1.07
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# ./configure
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# make
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# make install
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<p>
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</verb>
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<sect2>Sample .vcrrc configuration file
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@ -521,20 +523,27 @@ prefix on the ./configure line). You can now read the man page for
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vcr with: 'man -M/usr/local/man vcr'. This is where I got the initial
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.vcrrc file. I configured this one for my needs and added the same presets
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to this file as I did with the .xawtv file. If you think these files look
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similar, it's because I believe vcr was originally based on the xawtv code base.
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Here is the .vcrrc I use:
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similar, it's because vcr was originally based on the xawtv code base.
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Here is the .vcrrc I use: (note that the new 'audiobitrate' parameter means
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record audio in mp3 format at the specified bitrate. mp3 audio is MUCH! smaller
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than PCM audio that vcr records by default. 30 minutes = 113 megs for mp3 instead
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of 240megs for PCM!).
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<verb>
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[defaults]
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quality = 100
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quality = 95
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keyframes = 15
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codec = DivX ;-) low-motion
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attributes = BitRate=1600,Crispness=100
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attributes = BitRate=1600
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source = Television
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norm = ntsc
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verbose = 1
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freqtab = us-cable
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audiofrequency=44
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audiobitrate=64
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resolution=384
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framerate = 29.97
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grabdevice=/dev/video0
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[CH0 0]
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@ -827,6 +836,79 @@ at -f /home/username/bin/recordshow6pm.sh 18:00
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</verb>
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<p>
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<sect>Alternate Recorder - Creating VCD's for playback on DVD/VCD Players
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<p>
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<sect1>Introduction to VCD Creation
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<p>
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I must thank Alexander Oelzant for creating this portion of the VCR-HOWTO. His original version
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is located at: <url url="http://131.130.199.155/~aoe/mystuff/mpeg2_movie-avipatch/README.bttv2mpeg"
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name="README.bttv2mpeg">.
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<p>
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After recording shows on my computer for a while, I realized it was much nicer to watch
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the shows on my full-sized television set than to watch them on my computer monitor.
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There are two options for doing this: 1) Purchase a video card with TV-OUT and run a cable
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to my television. or 2) Create a VCD and play it in my DVD Player. Since CD-R and CD-RW media
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is really cheap I decided to go this route.
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<p>
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This section could theoretically be done in a different HOWTO because it uses a different
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method for recording/converting than the other sections of the VCR-HOWTO use. This is primarily
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because I haven't figured out how to create VCD compatible mpeg's using vcr. If your goal is to
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create VCD's, use this section of the HOWTO. If you don't care about VCD's, completely ignore
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this section of the howto because these procedures require MUCH MORE disk space than using vcr
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to record for playing under linux.
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<p>
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<sect1>Required Hardware for VCD Creation and Playing
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<p>
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<verb>
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1)A linux supported CD writer.
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2)A bttv compatible TV Tuner Card (WinTV is one good example)
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3)A VCD player or DVD Player
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</verb>
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<p>
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<sect1>Required Software for VCD Creation
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<p>
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This is one method for creating VCD's under linux. If you have a better method, please let me know.
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The following list of software contains the versions I found to work well for me under Red Hat 7.1.
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<p>
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<verb>
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1)NuppelVideo 0.52a (nuvrec must be setuid root)
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2)exportvideo 7e-pre4 (must be this version or later)
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3)mjpegtools 1.4.1 (installed rpm found on rpmfind.net)
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4)toolame 02h
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5)mplex 1.1
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6)vcdimager 0.6.2 (installed rpm found on rpmfind.net)
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7)cdrdao 1.1.4 (rpm from redhat 7.1)
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</verb>
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<p>
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<sect1>Procedure for creating a VCD
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<p>
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<verb>
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1)nuvrec -t _NUM_m _filename_
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_NUM_m = size. E.g. 30m = 30 minutes.
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2)nuvplay -e _filename_.nuv | toolame -b 224 -m s /dev/stdin _filename_.mp2
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3)exportvideo _filename_.nuv "|mpeg2enc -o _filename_.m1v"_
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4)mplex -f 1 -s 2324 -p 1 -o _filename_.mpg _filename_.m1v _filename_.mp2_
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5)vcdimager -l "Movie Title" -c _filename_.cue -b _filename_.bin _filename_.mpg_
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6)cdrdao write --device _your_device_ _filename_.cue_
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7)Eject the cd-r, stick it in the vcd player, press play and enjoy._
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8)File Sizes From each step for 30 minutes of data._
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Bytes Filename Created from step? Can Delete after Step?
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=====================================================================
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1391756119 finefilm.nuv 1) nuvrec 2) toolame and 3) mpeg2enc
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50401280 finefilm.mp2 2) toolame 4) mplex
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259097824 finefilm.m1v 3) mpeg2enc 4) mplex
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313793452 finefilm.mpg 4) mplex 5) vcdimager
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120 finefilm.cue 5) vcdimager 6) cdrdao
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318808896 finefilm.bin 5) vcdimager 6) cdrdao
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---------------------------------------------------------------------
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Total approx 2.3g for 30 minutes of sample data.
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If you delete previous files after the appropriate steps, max used space
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for 30 minutes of data was 1.7gb.
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</verb>
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<sect>Further Information
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<p>
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<nidx>VCRHOWTO!information resources</nidx>
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@ -841,7 +923,7 @@ We need a wrapper program that provides us with the ability to do the following
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<item>Archive recorded shows to CDR/CDRW/DVDRAM
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<item>Play Recorded shows (From hard disk or prompt for the media!)
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<item>Set record times for recording shows - use tvguide.com as a source for showtimes. A program
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that accesses tvguide.com for showtimes is: <url url="http://http://www.cherrynebula.net/tvguide.php" name="tvguide.com perl program">
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that accesses tvguide.com for showtimes is: <url url="http://http://www.cherrynebula.net/projects/tvguide/tvguide.php" name="tvguide.com perl program">
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<item>Be fully configurable to used preferred recorder/player.
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<item>See <url url="http://www.s.netic.de/gfiala/" name="Kvdr"> as a possible place to start.
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</itemize>
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<itemize>
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<item>Serge Wroclawski - 200mhz CPU is not fast enough.
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<item>Brian Hayward - 900mhz Duron is fast enough.
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<item>Brian Hayward - 875mhz Duron is fast enough.
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<item>Stephen Moore - 500mhz Celeron CPU is not fast enough.
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</itemize>
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<p>
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<item>Cable Descramblers: <url url="http://fscktv.fortyoz.org/" name="fscktv"> and
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<url url="http://linux.davecentral.com/cgi-bin/homepage.pl?6158" name="CableTV">.
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<item>Figure out how to implement <url url="http://www.righto.com/papers/vcr.html" name="VCR+">
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<item>Encode audio as mp3 instead of PCM. This is reported to shrink 1hr of video from 420mb to
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about 140mb! remenyi (at) ace-net.com.au suggested <url url="http://www186.pair.com/vdub" name="Virtual Dub">
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Unfortunately this is a windows program, if anyone can provide instructions on how to do this under
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linux, I will include it.
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<item>Check out the <url url="http://www.cadsoft.de/people/kls/vdr/index.htm" name="Video Disk Recorder Project"> -
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build your own digital satellite receiver.
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<item>Check out the <url url="http://linuxtv.org/" name="LinuxTV project">.
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You must also use the mixer to enable the line-in on the sound card (if you hear
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sound while recording the show, it is probably enabled). I used to have my tuner
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card sound sent to my stereo receiver instead of the sound card, which was why I
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didn't get sound. Finally, it may be that the sound was recored properly, but your
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didn't get sound. Finally, it may be that the sound was record properly, but your
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sound device is in use by another program (esd, licq, xmms, etc).
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<item>Q: Why is my video very jumpy?
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A: This may be due to a slow CPU. I currently haven't determined the exact
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requirements for recording with this method, I'm hoping user feedback will help
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me figure out what CPU is indeed required. I have a Duron 700 that seems to work
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fine, but I've heard that people with a 200-300mhz processor are unable to get
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fine, but I've heard that people with a 200-500mhz processor are unable to get
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smooth video.
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<item>Q: Why is the audio/video out of sync?
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<p>
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A: This may be due to an incorrect FPS setting for your video type. For NTSC
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you will want to use 29.97. For PAL you will want to use 25. I still don't
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get perfect audio/video syncronization - but I can live with it. Hopefully this
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get perfect audio/video synchronization - but I can live with it. Hopefully this
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will improve over time.
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</itemize>
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