mirror of https://github.com/tLDP/LDP
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<!DOCTYPE linuxdoc system
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[ <!ENTITY CurrentVer "1.1">
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[ <!ENTITY CurrentVer "1.1.1">
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<!ENTITY mdstat "<TT>/proc/mdstat</TT>">
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<!ENTITY ftpkernel "<TT>ftp://ftp.fi.kernel.org/pub/linux</TT>">
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<!ENTITY fstab "<TT>/etc/fstab</TT>">
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@ -19,9 +19,12 @@
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<TITLE>The Software-RAID HOWTO</TITLE>
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<AUTHOR>Jakob Østergaard <TT><htmlurl name="jakob@unthought.net" url="mailto:jakob@unthought.net"></TT>
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and Emilio Bueso <TT><htmlurl name="bueso@vives.org" url="mailto:bueso@vives.org"></TT>
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<DATE>v. &CurrentVer; 3rd of June 2004</DATE>
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<DATE>v.&CurrentVer; 2010-03-06</DATE>
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<ABSTRACT>
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<BF>This HOWTO is deprecated; the Linux RAID HOWTO is maintained as a wiki by the
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linux-raid community at <htmlurl name="http://raid.wiki.kernel.org/" url="http://raid.wiki.kernel.org/"></BF>
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<P>
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This HOWTO describes how to use Software RAID under Linux. It
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addresses a specific version of the Software RAID layer, namely the
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0.90 RAID layer made by Ingo Molnar and others. This is the RAID layer
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@ -37,6 +40,9 @@ those kernels.
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<SECT>Introduction
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<P>
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<BF>This HOWTO is deprecated; the Linux RAID HOWTO is maintained as a wiki by the
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linux-raid community at <htmlurl name="http://raid.wiki.kernel.org/" url="http://raid.wiki.kernel.org/"></BF>
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<P>
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This HOWTO describes the "new-style" RAID present in the 2.4 and 2.6
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kernel series only. It does <EM>not</EM> describe the "old-style" RAID
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functionality present in 2.0 and 2.2 kernels.
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@ -277,6 +283,9 @@ the raidtools for your kernel.
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<SECT>Why RAID?
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<P>
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<BF>This HOWTO is deprecated; the Linux RAID HOWTO is maintained as a wiki by the
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linux-raid community at <htmlurl name="http://raid.wiki.kernel.org/" url="http://raid.wiki.kernel.org/"></BF>
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<P>
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There can be many good reasons for using RAID. A few are; the ability
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to combine several physical disks into one larger "virtual" device,
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performance improvements, and redundancy.
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@ -394,6 +403,9 @@ management of it's contents</ITEM>
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<SECT>Devices
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<P>
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<BF>This HOWTO is deprecated; the Linux RAID HOWTO is maintained as a wiki by the
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linux-raid community at <htmlurl name="http://raid.wiki.kernel.org/" url="http://raid.wiki.kernel.org/"></BF>
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<P>
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Software RAID devices are so-called "block" devices, like ordinary
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disks or disk partitions. A RAID device is "built" from a number of
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other block devices - for example, a RAID-1 could be built from two
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@ -465,6 +477,9 @@ layer just treats crashed devices as inactive parts of the filesystem.
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<SECT>Hardware issues
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<P>
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<BF>This HOWTO is deprecated; the Linux RAID HOWTO is maintained as a wiki by the
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linux-raid community at <htmlurl name="http://raid.wiki.kernel.org/" url="http://raid.wiki.kernel.org/"></BF>
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<P>
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This section will mention some of the hardware concerns involved when
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running software RAID.
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<P>
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@ -627,7 +642,9 @@ mailing list.
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<SECT>RAID setup
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<P>
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<BF>This HOWTO is deprecated; the Linux RAID HOWTO is maintained as a wiki by the
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linux-raid community at <htmlurl name="http://raid.wiki.kernel.org/" url="http://raid.wiki.kernel.org/"></BF>
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<P>
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<SECT1>General setup
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<P>
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This is what you need for any of the RAID levels:
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@ -1162,6 +1179,9 @@ number of very small files on it.
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<SECT>Detecting, querying and testing
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<P>
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<BF>This HOWTO is deprecated; the Linux RAID HOWTO is maintained as a wiki by the
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linux-raid community at <htmlurl name="http://raid.wiki.kernel.org/" url="http://raid.wiki.kernel.org/"></BF>
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<P>
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This section is about life with a software RAID system, that's
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communicating with the arrays and tinkertoying them.
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<P>
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@ -1426,6 +1446,9 @@ name="FreshMeat"> should return a good number of matches.
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<SECT>Tweaking, tuning and troubleshooting
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<P>
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<BF>This HOWTO is deprecated; the Linux RAID HOWTO is maintained as a wiki by the
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linux-raid community at <htmlurl name="http://raid.wiki.kernel.org/" url="http://raid.wiki.kernel.org/"></BF>
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<P>
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<SECT1><TT>raid-level</TT> and <TT>raidtab</TT>
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<P>
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Some GNU/Linux distributions, like RedHat 8.0 and possibly others,
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@ -2046,6 +2069,9 @@ pair to the bottom of the array description in the raidtab file.
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<SECT>Reconstruction
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<P>
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<BF>This HOWTO is deprecated; the Linux RAID HOWTO is maintained as a wiki by the
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linux-raid community at <htmlurl name="http://raid.wiki.kernel.org/" url="http://raid.wiki.kernel.org/"></BF>
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<P>
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If you have read the rest of this HOWTO, you should already have a pretty
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good idea about what reconstruction of a degraded RAID involves. Let us
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summarize:
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@ -2116,6 +2142,9 @@ contact with.
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<SECT>Performance
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<P>
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<BF>This HOWTO is deprecated; the Linux RAID HOWTO is maintained as a wiki by the
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linux-raid community at <htmlurl name="http://raid.wiki.kernel.org/" url="http://raid.wiki.kernel.org/"></BF>
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<P>
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This section contains a number of benchmarks from a real-world system
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using software RAID. There is some general information about benchmarking
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software too.
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@ -2284,6 +2313,9 @@ for file <TT>creat, stat, unlink</TT> operations.
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<SECT>Related tools
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<P>
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<BF>This HOWTO is deprecated; the Linux RAID HOWTO is maintained as a wiki by the
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linux-raid community at <htmlurl name="http://raid.wiki.kernel.org/" url="http://raid.wiki.kernel.org/"></BF>
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<P>
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While not described in this HOWTO, some useful tools for Software-RAID
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systems have been developed.
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<P>
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@ -2319,6 +2351,9 @@ backup system.
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<SECT>Partitioning RAID / LVM on RAID
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<P>
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<BF>This HOWTO is deprecated; the Linux RAID HOWTO is maintained as a wiki by the
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linux-raid community at <htmlurl name="http://raid.wiki.kernel.org/" url="http://raid.wiki.kernel.org/"></BF>
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<P>
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RAID devices cannot be partitioned, like ordinary disks can. This can
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be a real annoyance on systems where one wants to run, for example,
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two disks in a RAID-1, but divide the system onto multiple different
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@ -2415,10 +2450,11 @@ definitely a <EM>fairly simple</EM> solution which should be
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considered for use on top of Software RAID. Read on in the LVM HOWTO
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if you want to learn more about LVM.
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<SECT>Credits
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<P>
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<BF>This HOWTO is deprecated; the Linux RAID HOWTO is maintained as a wiki by the
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linux-raid community at <htmlurl name="http://raid.wiki.kernel.org/" url="http://raid.wiki.kernel.org/"></BF>
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<P>
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The following people contributed to the creation of this
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documentation:
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<ITEMIZE>
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@ -2446,8 +2482,10 @@ documentation:
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Please submit corrections, suggestions etc. to the author. It's the
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only way this HOWTO can improve.
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<SECT>Changelog
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<P>
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<BF>This HOWTO is deprecated; the Linux RAID HOWTO is maintained as a wiki by the
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linux-raid community at <htmlurl name="http://raid.wiki.kernel.org/" url="http://raid.wiki.kernel.org/"></BF>
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<SECT1>Version 1.1
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<P>
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<ITEMIZE>
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@ -2458,4 +2496,4 @@ only way this HOWTO can improve.
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</ITEMIZE>
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</ARTICLE>
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</ARTICLE>
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