2002-02-05 03:50:45 +00:00
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<!--DOCTYPE section PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook V4.1//EN"-->
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2002-02-06 18:59:03 +00:00
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<!-- $Id$ -->
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2002-02-05 03:50:45 +00:00
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<section id="console">
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<title>Nastavenia konzoly</title>
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<para>T<>to kapitola by mala <20><>tavou, pou<6F>nou a z<>rove<76> z<>bavnou formou pojedn<64>va<76> o veciach medzi
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2002-02-06 18:59:03 +00:00
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prstom a okom. Z<>kladnou ot<6F>zkou nech n<>m je <quote>Zmysel <20>ivota, vesm<73>ru a v<>bec.</quote>
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</para>
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2002-02-05 03:50:45 +00:00
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<section id="console-fonts">
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<title>Sloven<65>ina na v<>stupe textovej konzoly</title>
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<section id="console-fonts-fonts">
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<title>Fonty</title>
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<para>Ke<4B> zobud<75>te o polnoci hocikoho, kto vo svojom <20>ivote videl po<70><6F>ta<74> a op<6F>tate sa ho, ako
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2002-02-06 18:59:03 +00:00
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rozbeha<68> slovensk<73> znaky, ur<75>ite spomenie nie<69>o ako fonty. Na zobrazovanie znakov na
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obrazovku -- <20>i u<> v textovom alebo grafickom re<72>ime -- sl<73><6C>ia skuto<74>ne fonty. Fonty pre
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konzolu a programy ur<75>en<65> na manipul<75>ciu s nimi sa nach<63>dzaj<61> v bal<61>ku
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2002-02-05 03:50:45 +00:00
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<application>kbd</application>. Po jeho nain<69>talovan<61> s<> s<>bory s fontami umiestnen<65> v
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adres<65>ri <filename class="directory">/usr/lib/kbd/consolefonts/</filename>.</para>
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<para>Pre n<>s s<> d<>le<6C>it<69> najm<6A> s<>bory, ktor<6F> maj<61> v mene <filename>iso02</filename>,
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<filename>lat2</filename>, <filename>latin2</filename> alebo <20><>slo <filename>852</filename>.
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2002-02-06 18:59:03 +00:00
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To nazna<6E>uje, <20>e ide o fonty s podporou <emphasis>ISO-8859-2</emphasis>
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(<emphasis>latin2</emphasis>), pr<70>padne <emphasis>DOS codepage 852</emphasis>, <20>o s<>
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<09>tandardy aj pre slovensk<73> diakritiku.</para>
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2002-02-05 03:50:45 +00:00
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<para>Pozor, p<>vodn<64> bal<61>k sa vol<6F> <application>kbd</application>, ale existuje jeho roz<6F><7A>ren<65>
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verzia, ktor<6F> sa objavuje v distrib<69>ci<63>ch -- <application>console-tools</application>.
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Rozdiely medzi nimi s<> minim<69>lne, pre <application>kbd</application> budeme pou<6F><75>va<76> pr<70>kaz
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<command>setfont</command>, pre <application>console-tools</application> zase
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<command>consolechars</command>. Taktie<69>, n<>zvy dod<6F>van<61>ch fontov sa trochu odli<6C>uj<75>, tak<61>e
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budem uv<75>dza<7A> ekvivalenty pre oba bal<61>ky.</para>
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</section> <!-- console-fonts-fonts -->
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<section id="console-fonts-theory">
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<title>Ako fonty funguj<75></title>
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<para>Existuje nieko<6B>ko s<>borov<6F>ch form<72>tov na ukladanie fontov, princ<6E>p je v<>ak rovnak<61> --
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s<>bor obsahuje 256 obr<62>zkov (<foreignphrase>glyphs</foreignphrase>), z ktor<6F>ch v<>etky maj<61>
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rovnak<61> rozmer (napr. 8x16 bodov -- ve<76>kos<6F> fontu) a ka<6B>d<EFBFBD> zobrazuje jeden znak.</para>
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<para>Aby n<>m t<>ch 256 obr<62>zkov bolo na nie<69>o dobr<62>ch, je treba font zo s<>boru zavies<65> do
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znakov<6F>ho gener<65>tora videokarty. Na to sl<73><6C>i jeden z pr<70>kazov
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><application>kbd</application>:</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>setfont</command>
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<arg choice="plain"><replaceable>meno-fontu</replaceable></arg>
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</cmdsynopsis></para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><application>console-tools</application>:</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>consolechars</command>
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<arg choice="plain">-f <replaceable>meno-fontu</replaceable></arg>
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</cmdsynopsis></para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist></para>
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<para><computeroutput>meno-fontu</computeroutput> m<><6D>e by<62> absol<6F>tna alebo relat<61>vna cesta k
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s<>boru s fontom, alebo meno s<>boru, pokia<69> sa nach<63>dza v adres<65>ri <filename
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class="directory">/usr/lib/kbd/consolefonts/</filename>, <20>i u<> s pr<70>ponou, alebo
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bez.</para>
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<para>Pre <20>ah<61>ie pochopenie t<>ch obr<62>zkov, sk<73>ste nahradi<64>
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<computeroutput>meno-fontu</computeroutput> re<72>azcom <computeroutput>t850</computeroutput> a
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sledujte v<>sledok na v<>etk<74>ch virtu<74>lnych konzol<6F>ch.</para>
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<para>Nasp<73><70> k <20>tandardn<64>mu fontu sa v<>dy dostanete jedn<64>m z pr<70>kazov
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><application>kbd</application>:</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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<screen>
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sh$ setfont
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</screen></para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><application>console-tools</application>:</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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<screen>
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sh$ consolechars -d
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</screen></para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist></para>
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<para><3E>o sa presne deje? Program <command>setfont</command>/<command>consolechars</command>
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zavedie v<>etk<74>ch 256 obr<62>zkov do znakov<6F>ho gener<65>tora
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<acronym>EGA</acronym>/<acronym>VGA</acronym> karty. Od tohto momentu sa na v<>etk<74>ch
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konzol<6F>ch bude znak s <acronym>ASCII</acronym> k<>dom napr. 65 vykreslova<76> ako <20>esdesiaty
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piaty obr<62>zok z na<6E>eho s<>boru s fontom. E<>te raz pripom<6F>nam a dvakr<6B>t pod<6F>iarkujem, <20>e font
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je v<>dy rovnak<61> pre v<>etky virtu<74>lne konzoly, na ktor<6F>ch zobrazuje znaky ten ist<73> znakov<6F>
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gener<65>tor <acronym>EGA</acronym>/<acronym>VGA</acronym> karty.</para>
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<para>D<>le<6C>it<69> je uvedomi<6D> si, <20>e interne ide naozaj len o obr<62>zky a tvar niektor<6F>ho znaku vo
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fonte nem<65> ni<6E> spolo<6C>n<EFBFBD>ho s jeho ASCII k<>dom. Ak by ste si sami vytvorili nejak<61> font (v
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dokument<6E>cii ku <application>kbd</application>/<application>console-tools</application> m<>te
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inform<72>cie o v<>etk<74>ch form<72>toch), v ktorom by mal ten <20>esdesiaty piaty obr<62>zok tvar p<>smena
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<computeroutput>z</computeroutput>, po jeho natiahnut<75> sa v<>m bude pri zadan<61>
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2002-02-06 18:59:03 +00:00
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<keycombo><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>6</keycap><keycap>5</keycap></keycombo>, <20>o je
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<acronym>ASCII</acronym> k<>d p<>smena <computeroutput>A</computeroutput>, zobrazova<76> znak
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2002-02-05 03:50:45 +00:00
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<computeroutput>z</computeroutput>. Ale ak tento znak ulo<6C><6F>te do s<>boru, v tomto sa bude
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nach<63>dza<7A> bajt s hodnotou 65, teda p<>smeno <computeroutput>A</computeroutput>.</para>
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</section> <!-- console-fonts-theory -->
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<section id="console-fonts-latin2">
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2002-02-06 18:59:03 +00:00
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<title>Fonty ISO-8859-2</title>
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2002-02-05 03:50:45 +00:00
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2002-02-06 18:59:03 +00:00
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<para>Toto vyu<79><75>va <20>tandard <emphasis>ISO-8859-2</emphasis> (a in<69>) - spolo<6C>n<EFBFBD> znaky s
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2002-02-05 03:50:45 +00:00
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<acronym>ASCII</acronym> vykresl<73> rovnako a znaky <20>pecifick<63> pre t<> ktor<6F> abecedu
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<quote>namapuje</quote> na menej pou<6F><75>van<61> znaky <acronym>ASCII</acronym> tabu<62>ky. Kam
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presne ktor<6F> norma umiest<73>uje znaky s diakritikou, n<>s zauj<75>ma<6D> nemus<75> (pokia<69> nevytv<74>rame
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vlastn<74> fonty), hlavn<76> je, <20>e napr. anglick<63> text je nezmenen<65> (angli<6C>tina m<> v<>etky znaky
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spolo<6C>n<EFBFBD> so sloven<65>inou) a slovensk<73> text u<> viac neobsahuje hl<68>pe znaky, ktor<6F> so
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sloven<65>inou nemaj<61> ni<6E> spolo<6C>n<EFBFBD>.</para>
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2002-02-06 18:59:03 +00:00
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<para>Slovensk<73> (ISO-8859-2) fonty, ktor<6F> s<> s<><73>as<61>ou bal<61>kov <application>kbd</application>
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2002-02-05 03:50:45 +00:00
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a <application>console-tools</application>:
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><application>kbd</application>:</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>lat2-{08,10,12,14,16}, lat2a-16, iso02.{08,14,16}</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><application>console-tools</application>:</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>lat2-{08,10,12,14,16}, lat2u-16, iso02.f{08,14,16}</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist></para>
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<para>Na zavedenie fontu pou<6F>ite pr<70>kaz
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><application>kbd</application>:</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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<screen>
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sh$ setfont meno-zo-zoznamu
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</screen></para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><application>console-tools</application>:</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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<screen>
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sh$ consolechars -f meno-zo-zoznamu
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</screen></para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist></para>
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<para>Odpor<6F><72>am pou<6F><75>va<76> <computeroutput>lat2a-16</computeroutput>, resp.
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<computeroutput>lat2u-16</computeroutput>. Ostatn<74> fonty maj<61> bezchybn<62> zobrazovanie
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slovensk<73>ch znakov, probl<62>m v<>ak nast<73>va pri aplik<69>ci<63>ch, ktor<6F> vyu<79><75>vaj<61> znaky na kreslenie
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2002-02-06 18:59:03 +00:00
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r<>m<EFBFBD>ekov (napr. <command>mc</command>).</para>
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2002-02-05 03:50:45 +00:00
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<para><3E>o sa t<>ka fontov <computeroutput>iso02.*</computeroutput> z bal<61>ka
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<application>kbd</application>, treba pri nich pou<6F>i<EFBFBD> argument pr<70>kazu
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<command>setfont</command> <computeroutput>-m latin2u.trans</computeroutput>. Tak<61>e cel<65>
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pr<70>kaz na zavedenie niektor<6F>ho z t<>chto fontov je:
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><application>kbd</application>:</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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<screen>
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sh$ setfont iso02.16 -m latin2u.trans
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</screen></para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><application>console-tools</application>:</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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<screen>
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sh$ consoletrans -f lat2u-16 -m iso02
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</screen></para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist></para>
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<para>V s<>bore <filename>latin2u.trans</filename> (<filename>iso02.acm</filename>) sa nach<63>dza
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2002-02-06 18:59:03 +00:00
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tzv. <foreignphrase>Aplication-Charset Map</foreignphrase> (<acronym>ACM</acronym>), ak<61>si
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2002-02-05 03:50:45 +00:00
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prevodn<64> tabu<62>ka, ktor<6F> obsahuje riadok pre ka<6B>d<EFBFBD> znak fontu a jeho podobu v k<>dovan<61>
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2002-02-06 18:59:03 +00:00
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<acronym>UTF-8</acronym>.</para>
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2002-02-05 03:50:45 +00:00
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</section> <!-- console-fonts-latin2 -->
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<section id="console-fonts-autoload">
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<title>Automatick<63> zav<61>dzanie fontov</title>
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<para> Ak ste si na<6E>li svoj font, ktor<6F> chcete pou<6F><75>va<76> a ma<6D> ho automaticky zaveden<65> v<>dy pri
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<09>tarte, nie je ni<6E> <20>ah<61>ie. Inicializa<7A>n<EFBFBD> skript <filename>rc.sysinit</filename> rob<6F> asi
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toto: skontroluje, <20>i existuje s<>bor <filename>/etc/sysconfig/i18n</filename> a program
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(skript) <filename>/sbin/setsysfont</filename>. Ak <20>no, spust<73>
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<command>setsysfont</command>. Ten na<6E><61>ta <filename>/etc/sysinfo/i18n</filename> a pod<6F>a
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premenn<6E>ch definovan<61>ch v tomto s<>bore pr<70>kazom <command>consolechars</command> alebo
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<command>setfont</command> zavedie font.</para>
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<para>Tak<61>e sta<74><61> nastavi<76> spr<70>vne premenn<6E> v s<>bore <filename>/etc/sysconfig/i18n</filename>
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a skript <filename>/sbin/setsysfont</filename> urob<6F> v<>etko za n<>s. Tento skript mo<6D>no
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spusti<74> kedyko<6B>vek chcete zavies<65> font nastaven<65> ako <20>tandardn<64> pre syst<73>m.</para>
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<para>Premenn<6E> v s<>bore <filename>/etc/sysinit/i18n</filename> s<> (pou<6F><75>vajte len men<65> s<>borov
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bez cesty a bez pr<70>pony!):
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><application>kbd</application>:</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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<programlisting>
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SYSFONT=lat2a-16
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</programlisting></para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><application>console-tools</application>:</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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<programlisting>
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SYSFONT=lat2u-16
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SYSFONTACM=iso02
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</programlisting></para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist></para>
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<para>Skript<70>k <command>setsysfont</command> obsahuj<75> oba bal<61>ky a kedyko<6B>vek m<><6D>ete zavies<65>
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font nastaven<65> ako syst<73>mov<6F> v s<>bore <filename>/etc/sysinit/i18n</filename> jednoduch<63>m
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zadan<61>m
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<screen>
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sh$ /sbin/setsysfont
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</screen></para>
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<para>Pod<6F>a toho, <20>o sme si hovorili o tom, <20>e pre v<>etky virtu<74>lne konzoly m<><6D>e by<62> nastaven<65>
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len jeden spolo<6C>n<EFBFBD> font, nem<65> ve<76>k<EFBFBD> zmysel zav<61>dza<7A> nastavovanie fontu zvlṻ pre ka<6B>d<EFBFBD>ho
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u<><75>vate<74>a. S t<>m s<>vis<69> aj fakt, <20>e nastavenie fontu sa vz<76>ahuje k dan<61>mu po<70><6F>ta<74>u, pri
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ktorom pr<70>ve sed<65>te a nie k tomu, ku ktor<6F>mu ste pripojen<65> napr. cez
|
2002-02-06 18:59:03 +00:00
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<application>ssh</application>.</para>
|
2002-02-05 03:50:45 +00:00
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<para>Predsa len si viem predstavi<76> pr<70>pad, ke<6B> niektor<6F> z viacer<65>ch pou<6F><75>vate<74>ov jedn<64>ho
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po<70><6F>ta<74>a potrebuje odli<6C>n<EFBFBD> font. V tom pr<70>pade m<><6D>e vlo<6C>i<EFBFBD> pr<70>kaz na zav<61>dzanie fontov do
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svojich skriptov, ktor<6F> vykon<6F>va shell pri prihl<68>sen<65> a odhl<68>sen<65>. Pre bash by to mohlo
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vyzera<72> takto:
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><filename>~/.bash_profile</filename>:</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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<programlisting>
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if tty 2>/dev/null |grep '/dev/tty[0-9]*$' &>/dev/null && ! [ -f ~/.font ]; then
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|
setfont -o ~/.font gr928a-8x16
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fi
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</programlisting></para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><filename>~/.bash_logout</filename>:</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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<programlisting>
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if tty 2>/dev/null |grep '/dev/tty[0-9]*$' &>/dev/null && [ -f ~/.font ]; then
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setfont ~/.font
|
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|
rm -f ~/.font
|
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fi
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|
</programlisting></para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist></para>
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<para>Vonkoncom to nie je ide<64>lne rie<69>enie, ale svoj <20><>el spln<6C> (minim<69>lne po moment prv<72>ho
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odhl<68>senia). Trochu sa s t<>m pozab<61>vajte, aby sa font (a rozlo<6C>enie kl<6B>ves) menilo len pri
|
2002-02-06 18:59:03 +00:00
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prvom prihl<68>sen<65> a poslednom odhl<68>sen<65>, tie<69> setfont pod iXami nem<65> ve<76>mi zmysel a tak... V
|
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Tips-HOWTO je uveden<65> sp<73>sob, ako zisti<74>, na ko<6B>k<EFBFBD>ch virtu<74>lnych konzol<6F>ch je e<>te u<><75>vate<74>
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prihl<68>sen<65>.</para>
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<para>In<49><6E>, aby bolo jasn<73>, toto v<>m bude fungova<76> len na lok<6F>lnom stroji - zamyslite sa,
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pre<72>o asi <command>setfont</command> (aj <command>loadkeys</command>) nefunguje cez
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vzdialen<65> termin<69>l a <20>i by ste z toho nie<69>o mali, keby to tak nebolo.</para>
|
2002-02-05 03:50:45 +00:00
|
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<para>Ak to s tak<61>mto rie<69>en<65>m mysl<73>te v<><76>ne, tak sk<73>r uva<76>ujte nad modifik<69>ciou skriptu
|
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|
<filename>/etc/profile.d/lang.sh</filename>, kde by sa kontroloval aj obsah u<><75>vate<74>sk<73>ho
|
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|
s<>boru <filename>~/.i18n</filename> a pod<6F>a toho by sa zaviedol skript, popis rozlo<6C>enia
|
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|
kl<6B>ves, pr<70>padne nejak<61> premenn<6E>...</para>
|
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|
|
</section> <!-- console-fonts-autoload -->
|
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|
|
</section> <!-- console-fonts -->
|
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|
<section id="console-kbd">
|
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|
<title>Slovensk<73> kl<6B>vesnica na textovej konzole</title>
|
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|
<para>Ke<4B> je slovensk<73> font na konzole rozbehan<61> a na<6E>e n<>rodn<64> znaky sa zobrazuj<75> spr<70>vne, m<>me
|
2002-02-06 18:59:03 +00:00
|
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|
so sloven<65>inou probl<62>m <20><>slo dva - ako tam tie znaky dosta<74>? Keby ste si chceli tento s<>bor
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|
len pre<72><65>ta<74> bez potreby n<>slednej nav<61>tevy psychiatra, sta<74>ilo by zavies<65> nejak<61> font so
|
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|
slovenskou podporou. Ale ke<6B><65>e ste uvedomel<65> linux<75>k / uvedomel<65> linux<75><78>ka, hne<6E>
|
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|
|
chcete do <citetitle>Slovak-HOWTO</citetitle> prispie<69> a pomocou kl<6B>vesnice p<>sa<73> slovensk<73>
|
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|
|
|
text. Na to potrebujete s tou kl<6B>vesnicou nie<69>o urobi<62>.</para>
|
2002-02-05 03:50:45 +00:00
|
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|
<section id="console-kbd-kmap">
|
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|
|
<title>Popis rozlo<6C>enia kl<6B>ves (keymap)</title>
|
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|
<para>Adres<65>re <filename class="directory">/usr/lib/kbd/keymaps/i386/qwertz/</filename> a
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|
|
<filename class="directory">qwerty/</filename> obsahuj<75>
|
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|
|
po nain<69>talovan<61> bal<61>ka
|
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|
|
|
<application>kbd</application>/<application>console-tools</application> aj popisy
|
|
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|
|
slovensk<73>ho rozlo<6C>enia kl<6B>ves. Pre n<>s s<> zauj<75>mav<61> s<>bory
|
|
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|
|
<simplelist>
|
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|
|
<member><filename>sk-prog-qwerty.map.gz</filename></member>
|
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|
|
<member><filename>sk-qwerty.map.gz</filename></member>
|
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|
|
<member><filename>sk-prog-qwertz.map.gz</filename></member>
|
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|
|
|
|
<member><filename>sk-qwertz.map.gz</filename></member>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</simplelist></para>
|
|
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|
|
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|
<para>Tieto s<>bory obsahuj<75> defin<69>cie rozlo<6C>enia kl<6B>ves pre slovensk<73> jazyk, pri<72>om rozdiely
|
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|
medzi nimi s<> v umiestnen<65> kl<6B>ves <keycap>Y</keycap> a <keycap>Z</keycap> a po<70>te
|
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|
|
slovensk<73>ch znakov, ktor<6F> pomocou nich mo<6D>no nap<61>sa<73> priamo (bez m<>tvych kl<6B>ves). Najviac sa
|
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|
|
na slovensk<73> p<>sac<61> stroj podob<6F> <computeroutput>sk-qwertz</computeroutput>, najmen<65>ie zmeny
|
2002-02-06 18:59:03 +00:00
|
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|
|
oproti americkej kl<6B>vesnici s<> zase v <computeroutput>sk-prog-qwerty</computeroutput>.
|
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|
|
</para>
|
2002-02-05 03:50:45 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
<para>S<>bory v adres<65>ri <filename class="directory">/usr/lib/kbd/keymaps/i386/include/
|
|
|
|
|
|
</filename> obsahuj<75> popis z<>kladn<64>ch rozlo<6C>en<65> kl<6B>ves (<computeroutput>azerty
|
|
|
|
|
|
</computeroutput>, <computeroutput>qwerty</computeroutput>, <computeroutput>qwertz
|
|
|
|
|
|
</computeroutput>), pr<70>davn<76>ch kl<6B>ves (<computeroutput>keypad</computeroutput>,
|
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|
|
<computeroutput>windowkeys</computeroutput>), pr<70>padne probl<62>mov<6F>ch kl<6B>ves (<computeroutput>
|
|
|
|
|
|
delete</computeroutput>, <computeroutput>backspace</computeroutput>, <computeroutput>ctrl
|
|
|
|
|
|
</computeroutput>). S<>bory <filename>linux-*.inc.gz</filename> s<> <20>pecifick<63> pre linux
|
|
|
|
|
|
(teda nie pre jazyk). S<> to napr. k<><6B><EFBFBD>e (<keycap>F1</keycap>-<keycap>F12</keycap>,
|
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|
|
|
kombinovan<61>m s <keycap>Ctrl</keycap> a <keycap>Shift</keycap> a<> po <keycap>F48</keycap>),
|
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|
|
|
<keycombo><keycap>Shift</keycap> <keycap>PgUp</keycap></keycombo> a <keycombo><keycap>Shift
|
|
|
|
|
|
</keycap> <keycap>PgDown</keycap></keycombo>, at<61>.</para>
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<para>Keymapy <filename>*.inc.gz</filename> nepopisuj<75> kompletn<74> rozlo<6C>enie kl<6B>vesnice, ale
|
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|
|
|
len niektor<6F>ch jej <20>ast<73>. Vyu<79><75>vaj<61> sa pri prip<69>jan<61>
|
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|
|
|
(<foreignphrase>include</foreignphrase>) zo s<>borov <filename>*.map.gz</filename>, <20>o je
|
2002-02-06 18:59:03 +00:00
|
|
|
|
v<>hodn<64> z d<>vodu jednoduch<63>ej konfigur<75>cie kl<6B>vesnice. Napr<70>klad zmenou jedn<64>ho riadku v
|
|
|
|
|
|
s<>bore s rozlo<6C>en<65>m <computeroutput>sk-qwerty</computeroutput> m<><6D>me dosta<74> rozlo<6C>enie
|
|
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|
|
qwertz, pr<70>padne (to asi vyu<79>ijete) jednoducho odstavi<76> znaky <keycap>euro</keycap> a
|
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|
|
<keycap>cent</keycap>, ktor<6F> (zatia<69>?) nepotrebujeme a zbyto<74>ne n<>m zaberaj<61> znaky
|
|
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|
|
<keycap>E</keycap> a <keycap>C</keycap>.</para>
|
2002-02-05 03:50:45 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<para>Na zavedenie s<>boru s popisom rozlo<6C>enia kl<6B>ves sl<73><6C>i nasledovn<76> pr<70>kaz:
|
|
|
|
|
|
<cmdsynopsis>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<command>loadkeys</command>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<arg choice="plain"><replaceable>nazov</replaceable></arg>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</cmdsynopsis>
|
|
|
|
|
|
kde <computeroutput>nazov</computeroutput> m<><6D>e by<62> absol<6F>tna alebo relat<61>vna cesta ku
|
|
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|
|
|
keymap s<>boru, alebo meno s<>boru, pokia<69> sa nach<63>dza v adres<65>ri <filename class="directory">
|
|
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|
|
|
/usr/lib/kbd/keymaps/</filename>, <20>i u<> s pr<70>ponou, alebo bez.</para>
|
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|
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|
|
<para><3E>tandardn<64> slovensk<73> popisy rozlo<6C>enia kl<6B>ves n<>jdeme vo vy<76><79>ie spom<6F>nan<61>ch
|
|
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|
|
<filename>*.map.gz</filename> s<>boroch. Ak sa chcete vr<76>ti<74> k <20>tandardn<64>mu rozlo<6C>eniu,
|
|
|
|
|
|
pr<70>kaz
|
|
|
|
|
|
<screen>
|
|
|
|
|
|
sh$ loadkeys -d
|
|
|
|
|
|
</screen>
|
|
|
|
|
|
zavedie p<>vodn<64>, ktor<6F> je ulo<6C>en<65> v s<>bore <filename>defkeymap.map.gz</filename> niekde
|
|
|
|
|
|
medzi ostatn<74>mi keymap s<>bormi. Predt<64>m ale nikdy nezabudnite zmeni<6E> re<72>im slovenskej
|
|
|
|
|
|
kl<6B>vesnice na <acronym>US</acronym> znaky, tzn. <keycap>1</keycap> d<>va
|
2002-02-06 18:59:03 +00:00
|
|
|
|
<computeroutput>1</computeroutput> a nie <computeroutput>+</computeroutput> at<61>. Ak by ste
|
2002-02-05 03:50:45 +00:00
|
|
|
|
predsa zabudli, je mo<6D>n<EFBFBD>, <20>e kl<6B>vesy, kde sa nach<63>dzali slovensk<73> znaky, nebud<75> fungova<76>
|
|
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|
|
|
spr<70>vne (v skuto<74>nosti bud<75> fungova<76> spr<70>vne, ale v<>m sa to nebude p<><70>i<EFBFBD>). Vtedy znovu
|
2002-02-06 18:59:03 +00:00
|
|
|
|
zave<76>te predchadz<64>j<EFBFBD>cu keymapu (na nefunk<6E>n<EFBFBD> kl<6B>vesy pou<6F>ite <keycap>AltGr</keycap> - prav<61>
|
2002-02-05 03:50:45 +00:00
|
|
|
|
<keycap>Alt</keycap>) a kl<6B>vesou <keycap>Pause/Break</keycap> v<>etko naprav<61>te. Potom m<><6D>ete
|
2002-02-06 18:59:03 +00:00
|
|
|
|
znova zavies<65> defkeymap.</para>
|
2002-02-05 03:50:45 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<para>Pokia<69> sa v<>m nep<65><70>i ani jeden zo <20>tandardn<64>ch keymap s<>borov pre sloven<65>inu, <20>o je
|
|
|
|
|
|
pravdepodobn<62> v<>aka riadku
|
|
|
|
|
|
<programlisting>
|
|
|
|
|
|
include "euro"
|
|
|
|
|
|
</programlisting>
|
|
|
|
|
|
v include s<>boroch <filename>qwerty-layout.inc.gz</filename> aj
|
|
|
|
|
|
<filename>qwertz-layout.inc.gz</filename>, m<><6D>ete k<>udne pozmeni<6E> existuj<75>ci s<>bor s popisom
|
|
|
|
|
|
rozlo<6C>enia kl<6B>ves, pr<70>padne vytvori<72> nov<6F>. Nebojte sa, je to zlo<6C>it<69>! Nebudem to tu
|
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|
rozpisova<76> v<>etko, prezrite si zop<6F>r kmap s<>borov, pre<72><65>tajte manu<6E>lov<6F> str<74>nku keymaps(5) a
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mali by ste to <20>ahko pochopi<70>.</para>
|
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|
2002-02-06 18:59:03 +00:00
|
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<para>My si povieme len o z<>kladn<64>ch veciach, ktor<6F> n<>m pom<6F><6D>u pozmeni<6E> existuj<75>ce kmap s<>bory
|
2002-02-05 03:50:45 +00:00
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s popismi slovensk<73>ch kl<6B>vesn<73>c, aby ste si poradili s (mne zn<7A>mymi) komplik<69>ciami, alebo
|
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upravili rozlo<6C>enie kl<6B>ves pod<6F>a svojho gusta.</para>
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|
</section> <!-- console-kbd-kmap -->
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<section id="console-kbd-include">
|
2002-02-06 18:59:03 +00:00
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<title>Include a nespr<70>vna funkcia kl<6B>ves <keycap>E</keycap> a <keycap>C</keycap></title>
|
2002-02-05 03:50:45 +00:00
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<para>Probl<62>m s <keycap>E</keycap> a <keycap>C</keycap> je sp<73>soben<65> zaveden<65>m jednotnej meny
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v eur<75>pskej <20>nii. Na vine nie je ani tak <acronym>EU</acronym>, ale niekto, kto symboly pre
|
2002-02-06 18:59:03 +00:00
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<keycap>euro</keycap> a <keycap>cent</keycap> umiestnil na <keycombo><keycap>AltGr</keycap>
|
2002-02-05 03:50:45 +00:00
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<keycap>E</keycap></keycombo> a <keycombo><keycap>AltGr</keycap><keycap>C</keycap>
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</keycombo>, <20>o s<> na<6E>e oby<62>ajn<6A> <keycap>E</keycap> a <keycap>C</keycap>. Toti<74>, n<>rodn<64>
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kl<6B>vesnice s<> v<><76><EFBFBD>inou rie<69>en<65> tak, <20>e po zaveden<65> s<>boru na<6E>alej funguje americk<63>
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rozlo<6C>enie a na prep<65>nanie do n<>rodn<64>ho re<72>imu sa pou<6F><75>va kl<6B>vesa <keycap>Pause</keycap>,
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alebo m<><6D>me zad<61>va<76> n<>rodn<64> kl<6B>vesy pri s<><73>asnom dr<64>an<61> kl<6B>vesy <keycap>AltGr</keycap>
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(prav<61> <keycap>Alt</keycap>). S<>bor <filename>euro.inc</filename>, ktor<6F> definuje tieto dva
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probl<62>mov<6F> symboly, je pripojen<65> zo s<>boru <filename>qwerty-layout.inc</filename>, ktor<6F>
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zase prip<69>jaj<61> samotn<74> slovensk<73> keymapy (<filename>sk-qwerty</filename>,
|
2002-02-06 18:59:03 +00:00
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<filename>sk-prog-qwertz</filename>, …).</para>
|
2002-02-05 03:50:45 +00:00
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|
2002-02-06 18:59:03 +00:00
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<para>Rie<69>enie je ve<76>mi jednoduch<63> - zeditujete <filename>qwerty-layout.inc</filename> (alebo
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<filename>qwertz-layout.inc</filename>) a odkomentujete znakom
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<computeroutput>#</computeroutput> riadok
|
2002-02-05 03:50:45 +00:00
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<programlisting>
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include "euro"
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</programlisting></para>
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</section> <!-- console-kbd-include -->
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<section id="console-kbd-keycode">
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<title>Keycode a definovanie kl<6B>ves</title>
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<para>Predch<63>dzaj<61>ci probl<62>m s eurom mo<6D>no vyrie<69>i<EFBFBD> aj definovan<61>m znakov <keycap>E</keycap> a
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<keycap>C</keycap> v samotnom s<>bore <filename>sk-qwerty.kmap.gz</filename> (alebo inom,
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ktor<6F> pou<6F><75>vate) pomocou slova <computeroutput>keycode</computeroutput>:
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<programlisting>
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keycode 18 = e
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keycode 46 = c
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</programlisting></para>
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<para>V keymap s<>boroch je pre ka<6B>d<EFBFBD> kl<6B>vesu (alebo aspo<70> pre ka<6B>d<EFBFBD>, ktor<6F> chceme
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predefinova<76>) jeden riadok pribli<6C>ne tohto razenia:
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<programlisting>
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keycode 3 = two at lcaron two nul nul nul nul Meta_two Meta_two...
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</programlisting></para>
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<para><3E><>slo za <computeroutput>keycode</computeroutput> ozna<6E>uje ur<75>it<69> kl<6B>vesu a re<72>azce za
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<computeroutput>=</computeroutput> hovoria o tom, ak<61> znak m<> ovl<76>da<64> kl<6B>vesnice generova<76>
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pri stla<6C>en<65> tejto kl<6B>vesy, a to bu<62> samotnej, alebo v kombin<69>cii so <20>peci<63>lnymi kl<6B>vesmi
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<keycap>Shift</keycap>, <keycap>AltGr</keycap>, <keycap>Control</keycap>,
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<keycap>Alt</keycap>, <keycap>ShiftL</keycap>, <keycap>ShiftR</keycap>,
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<keycap>Ctrl</keycap> a <keycap>CtrlR</keycap>. To n<>m d<>va 256 mo<6D>n<EFBFBD>ch znakov na ka<6B>d<EFBFBD>
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kl<6B>vesu.</para>
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<para>V<><56><EFBFBD>inou sa pozme<6D>uje len prv<72>ch 16 kombin<69>ci<63> modifik<69>torov. To je v<>znam riadku
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<programlisting>
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keymaps 0-15
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</programlisting>
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na za<7A>iatku kmap s<>borov.</para>
|
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|
2002-02-06 18:59:03 +00:00
|
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|
<para>V nasleduj<75>com zozname je t<>chto 16 kombin<69>ci<63> (po riadkoch):
|
2002-02-05 03:50:45 +00:00
|
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|
<simplelist columns="4" type="horiz">
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<member><3E>iadny</member>
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<member><keycap>Shift</keycap></member>
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<member><keycap>AltGr</keycap></member>
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<member><keycombo><keycap>Shift</keycap><keycap>AltGr</keycap></keycombo></member>
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<member><keycap>Control</keycap></member>
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<member><keycombo><keycap>Shift</keycap><keycap>Control</keycap></keycombo></member>
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<member><keycombo><keycap>AltGr</keycap><keycap>Control</keycap></keycombo></member>
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<member><keycombo><keycap>Shift</keycap><keycap>AltGr</keycap><keycap>Control</keycap>
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</keycombo></member>
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<member><keycap>Alt</keycap></member>
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<member><keycombo><keycap>Shift</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap></keycombo></member>
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<member><keycombo><keycap>AltGr</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap></keycombo></member>
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<member><keycombo><keycap>Shift</keycap><keycap>AltGr</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap>
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|
</keycombo></member>
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<member><keycombo><keycap>Control</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap></keycombo></member>
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<member><keycombo><keycap>Shift</keycap><keycap>Control</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap>
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|
</keycombo></member>
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|
<member><keycombo><keycap>AltGr</keycap><keycap>Control</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap>
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|
</keycombo></member>
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|
<member><keycombo><keycap>Shift</keycap><keycap>AltGr</keycap><keycap>Control</keycap>
|
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|
<keycap>Alt</keycap></keycombo></member>
|
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|
</simplelist></para>
|
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|
<para>Z h<>adiska slovenskej kl<6B>vesnice s<> d<>le<6C>it<69> len prv<72> <20>tyri - prv<72> dva s<> zvy<76>ajne
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|
nezmenen<65> americk<63> znaky, napr. <computeroutput>two at</computeroutput>, <20>o je
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|
<keycap>2</keycap> <keycap>@</keycap>, a druh<75> dva s<> znaky slovenskej abecedy, ktor<6F> bude
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|
|
ovl<76>da<64> kl<6B>vesnice posiela<6C> aplik<69>ci<63>m ak pri stla<6C>en<65> tejto kl<6B>vesy budeme s<><73>asne dr<64>a<EFBFBD>
|
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|
kl<6B>vesu <keycap>AltGr</keycap> (prav<61> <keycap>Alt</keycap>), napr. <computeroutput>lcaron
|
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|
two</computeroutput>, <20>o je na<6E>e <keycap><3E></keycap> <keycap>2</keycap>.</para>
|
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|
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|
<para>Aby ste mohli vklada<64> slovensk<73> znaky, nemus<75>te cel<65> <20>as pridr<64>iava<76>
|
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|
|
<keycap>AltGr</keycap> nosom, ale m<><6D>ete pou<6F>i<EFBFBD> <keycap>Pause/Break</keycap>, ktor<6F> v
|
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|
|
kontexte s n<>rodn<64>mi kl<6B>vesnicami funguje ako <keycap>AltGr Lock</keycap>. Ch<43>pte to tak, <20>e
|
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|
|
ke<6B> sa prepnete do slovensk<73>ho re<72>imu stla<6C>en<65>m <keycap>Pause/Break</keycap>, prv<72> a druh<75>
|
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|
dva re<72>azce v ka<6B>dom riadku keycode sa vymenia, napr.
|
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|
|
<programlisting>
|
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|
two at lcaron two -> lcaron two two at
|
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|
|
|
</programlisting></para>
|
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|
|
|
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|
|
<para>Vtedy m<><6D>ete pou<6F>i<EFBFBD> <keycap>AltGr</keycap> na zad<61>vanie znakov americkej kl<6B>vesnice,
|
2002-02-06 18:59:03 +00:00
|
|
|
|
alebo sa op<6F>tovn<76>m stla<6C>en<65>m <keycap>Pause/Break</keycap> prepn<70><6E> sp<73>t do
|
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|
|
<acronym>US</acronym> re<72>imu.</para>
|
2002-02-05 03:50:45 +00:00
|
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|
<para>Riadok pre kl<6B>vesu s k<>dom 41 (znaky <keycap>`</keycap> a <keycap>~</keycap>), m<> v
|
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|
|
s<>bore <filename>sk-qwerty.map.gz</filename> nasledovn<76> tvar:
|
|
|
|
|
|
<programlisting>
|
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|
|
|
keycode 41 = grave asciitilde dead_diaeresis dead_circumflex ...
|
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|
|
|
|
</programlisting></para>
|
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|
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|
|
<para>Mne osobne sa nep<65><70>i, <20>e s<> tu umiestnen<65> m<>tve kl<6B>vesy <keycap>dead_diaeresis</keycap>
|
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|
(dve bodky nad znakom) a <keycap>dead_circumflex</keycap> (m<>k<EFBFBD>e<EFBFBD>), preto<74>e ich nepotrebujem
|
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|
|
--- <keycap><3E></keycap> aj <keycap><3E></keycap> na slovenskej kl<6B>vesnici predsa je. A keby aj
|
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|
|
nebolo, na ich p<>sanie m<><6D>em k<>udne pou<6F>i<EFBFBD> m<>tvy kl<6B>ves m<>k<EFBFBD>e<EFBFBD>. O tom si bli<6C><69>ie povieme v
|
2002-02-06 18:59:03 +00:00
|
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|
<09>asti o compose sekvenci<63>ch. Teraz chcem ma<6D> na tomto mieste znaky <keycap>;</keycap>
|
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|
(semicolon) a <keycap><3E></keycap> (degree) tak, ako je to na popiske mojej kl<6B>vesnice. Zmen<65>m
|
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|
|
teda riadok takto:
|
2002-02-05 03:50:45 +00:00
|
|
|
|
<programlisting>
|
|
|
|
|
|
keycode 41 = grave asciitilde semicolon degree ...
|
|
|
|
|
|
</programlisting></para>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2002-02-06 18:59:03 +00:00
|
|
|
|
<para>In<49><6E>, ten stupe<70> asi nie je stupe<70>, ale m<>tvy znak kr<6B><72>ku nad p<>smenom, napr. v <20>e<EFBFBD>tine
|
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|
nad u, ale tak<61> kl<6B>ves je n<>m fakt nani<6E>. Rad<61>ej budeme p<>sa<73> stupne.</para>
|
2002-02-05 03:50:45 +00:00
|
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|
|
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|
<para>N<>zvy znakov, ktor<6F> sa pou<6F><75>vaj<61> pri definovan<61> jednotliv<69>ch kl<6B>ves si m<><6D>ete pre znaky
|
|
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|
|
|
<acronym>ASCII</acronym> zisti<74> v s<>bore <filename>us.map.gz</filename>. <20><>seln<6C> k<>dy
|
|
|
|
|
|
v<>etk<74>ch kl<6B>ves v<>m vyp<79>uje program
|
|
|
|
|
|
<cmdsynopsis>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<command>showkey</command>
|
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|
|
|
|
</cmdsynopsis></para>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<para>Pravidl<64> pre n<>zvy znakov <20>pecifick<63>ch pre sloven<65>inu v kmap s<>boroch:
|
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|
|
|
|
<orderedlist>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
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|
|
|
<para>Prv<72> p<>smeno v n<>zve ur<75>uje <acronym>ASCII</acronym> znak, pre ktor<6F> chceme pou<6F>i<EFBFBD>
|
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|
|
diakritiku.</para>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<para>K nemu prid<69>me identifik<69>tor diakritick<63>ho znamienka:
|
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|
|
|
|
<simplelist>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<member>caron --- m<>k<EFBFBD>e<EFBFBD></member>
|
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|
|
|
|
<member>acute --- d<><64>e<EFBFBD></member>
|
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|
|
|
|
<member>diaeresis --- dve bodky nad</member>
|
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|
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|
|
<member>circumflex --- vok<6F><6B></member>
|
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|
|
|
|
</simplelist></para>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<para>Napr<70>klad:
|
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|
|
|
|
<simplelist>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<member>scaron = <keycap><3E></keycap></member>
|
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|
|
|
|
<member>uacute = <keycap><3E></keycap></member>
|
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|
|
|
<member>Ocircumflex = <keycap><3E></keycap></member>
|
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|
|
|
|
</simplelist></para>
|
|
|
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|
|
</listitem>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</orderedlist></para>
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<para>N<>zvy <20>al<61><6C>ch znakov <20>pecifick<63>ch pre sloven<65>inu:
|
|
|
|
|
|
<simplelist>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<member>0xa7 --- <keycap><3E></keycap> (paragraf)</member>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<member>degree --- <keycap><3E></keycap> stupe<70></member>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</simplelist></para>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<para>Pre spr<70>vnu interpret<65>ciu identifik<69>torov znakov s diakritikou je nutn<74> na za<7A>iatku kmap
|
|
|
|
|
|
s<>boru ur<75>i<EFBFBD> k<>dov<6F> str<74>nku, pre ktor<6F> bude ur<75>en<65> tento popis rozlo<6C>enia kl<6B>ves. Ide o to,
|
|
|
|
|
|
<09>e ten ist<73> znak m<><6D>e ma<6D> v r<>znych k<>dov<6F>ch str<74>nkach in<69> <acronym>ASCII</acronym> k<>d.
|
2002-02-06 18:59:03 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Implicitn<74> hodnota je <constant>iso-8859-1</constant>, teda pre slovensk<73> keymapy je nutn<74>
|
|
|
|
|
|
vlo<6C>i<EFBFBD> riadok:
|
2002-02-05 03:50:45 +00:00
|
|
|
|
<programlisting>
|
|
|
|
|
|
charset "iso-8859-2"
|
|
|
|
|
|
</programlisting></para>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<para>E<>te jeden pr<70>klad: ak chcete pou<6F><75>va<76> slovensk<73> rozlo<6C>enie
|
|
|
|
|
|
<computeroutput>qwertz</computeroutput> a americk<63> rozlo<6C>enie
|
|
|
|
|
|
<computeroutput>qwerty</computeroutput>, potrebujete vymeni<6E> znaky <keycap>Y</keycap> a
|
|
|
|
|
|
<keycap>Z</keycap>:
|
|
|
|
|
|
<programlisting>
|
|
|
|
|
|
keycode 21 = y Y z Z
|
|
|
|
|
|
keycode 44 = z Z y Y
|
|
|
|
|
|
</programlisting></para>
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<para>Na prv<72> poh<6F>ad to m<><6D>e fungova<76> dobre, ale probl<62>m sa prejav<61> pri zapnutom <keycap>Caps
|
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|
|
Lock</keycap> - znaky <keycap>Y</keycap> a <keycap>Z</keycap> sa st<73>le p<><70>u mal<61>mi
|
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|
|
p<>smenami. Pri p<>san<61> popisov rozlo<6C>en<65> znakov mo<6D>no tak<61>to probl<62>m o<>etri<72> pridan<61>m p<>smena
|
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|
|
<computeroutput>+</computeroutput> pred ka<6B>d<EFBFBD> p<>smeno v keycode riadku danej kl<6B>vesy.
|
|
|
|
|
|
P<>smeno <computeroutput>+</computeroutput> ur<75>uje nasledovn<76>mu p<>smenu atrib<69>t
|
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|
|
|
|
<foreignphrase>letter</foreignphrase>, teda sa bude pri stla<6C>enom <keycap>Caps Lock</keycap>
|
2002-02-06 18:59:03 +00:00
|
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|
|
p<>sa<73> ve<76>k<EFBFBD> p<>smeno. V<>etky p<>smen<65> <keycap>a</keycap>-<keycap>z</keycap>,
|
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|
|
|
<keycap>A</keycap>-<keycap>Z</keycap> maj<61> tento atrib<69>t priraden<65> automaticky, ale to len v
|
|
|
|
|
|
pr<70>pade, <20>e maj<61> keycode riadok tvaru:
|
2002-02-05 03:50:45 +00:00
|
|
|
|
<programlisting>
|
|
|
|
|
|
keycode 21 = y
|
|
|
|
|
|
</programlisting></para>
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
<para>V na<6E>om pr<70>pade teda mus<75>me priradi<64> tento atrib<69>t v<>etk<74>m znakom explicitne. Tak<61>e,
|
|
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|
|
|
kone<6E>n<EFBFBD> <20>prava keymapy bude:
|
|
|
|
|
|
<programlisting>
|
|
|
|
|
|
keycode 21 = +y +Y +z +Z
|
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|
|
|
|
keycode 44 = +z +Z +y +Y
|
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|
|
|
</programlisting></para>
|
|
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|
<para>Pre v<>menu p<>smen toto rie<69>enie funguje spo<70>ahlivo, bohu<68>ia<69>, e<>te st<73>le neexistuje
|
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sp<73>sob, ktor<6F>m by sa dalo dosiahnu<6E> napr<70>klad p<>sanie ve<76>k<EFBFBD>ch p<>smen s diakritikou pri
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|
zapnutom <keycap>Caps Lock</keycap> jednoduch<63>m stl<74><6C>an<61>m ich kl<6B>ves, ako je to v slovenskom
|
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|
popise rozlo<6C>enia kl<6B>ves pre <application>X Window System</application>.</para>
|
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|
|
|
</section> <!-- console-kbd-keycode -->
|
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|
|
<section id="console-kbd-dead">
|
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|
<title>M<>tve kl<6B>vesy a sekvencie compose</title>
|
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|
<para>S m<>tvymi kl<6B>vesami s<>visia v kmap s<>boroch riadky tvaru
|
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|
|
<programlisting>
|
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|
|
|
|
compose 'c1' 'c2' to 'c3'
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|
|
|
</programlisting></para>
|
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|
<para>Predstavme si m<>tve znaky ako <20>plne oby<62>ajn<6A> znaky s t<>m rozdielom, <20>e ovl<76>da<64>
|
2002-02-06 18:59:03 +00:00
|
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|
kl<6B>vesnice ich neposiela aplik<69>ci<63>m, ale zostan<61> niekde <quote>visie<69></quote>, k<>m z
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|
|
kl<6B>vesnice nepr<70>de <20>al<61><6C> znak. Ovl<76>da<64> kl<6B>vesnice nepo<70>le ani tento, ale pok<6F>si sa spoji<6A> ho
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s predch<63>dzaj<61>cim m<>tvym znakom a a<> v<>sledok spojenia pust<73> <20>alej. No, a ako m<> to spojenie
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|
uskuto<74>ni<6E>, to mu presne hovoria riadky <computeroutput>compose</computeroutput> v keymap
|
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|
|
s<>boroch.</para>
|
2002-02-05 03:50:45 +00:00
|
|
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|
|
2002-02-06 18:59:03 +00:00
|
|
|
|
<para>V nasleduj<75>cej tabu<62>ke je zoznam m<>tvych znakov pou<6F><75>van<61>ch v sloven<65>ine, spolu s
|
2002-02-05 03:50:45 +00:00
|
|
|
|
v<>znamom a znakom, ktor<6F>m sa ozna<6E>uj<75> v compose sekvenci<63>ch.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table id="console-kbd-dead.tables.dead">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<title id="console-kbd-dead.tables.dead.title">M<>tve kl<6B>vesy</title>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<tgroup cols="3">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<thead>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<row>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<entry>N<>zov</entry>
|
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|
|
|
<entry>V<>znam</entry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<entry>Compose</entry>
|
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|
|
</row>
|
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|
|
</thead>
|
|
|
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|
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|
|
<tbody>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<row>
|
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|
|
<entry>dead_acute</entry>
|
|
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|
|
<entry>d<><64>e<EFBFBD></entry>
|
|
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|
|
<entry>\'</entry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</row>
|
|
|
|
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|
|
<row>
|
|
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|
|
<entry>dead_circumflex</entry>
|
|
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|
|
<entry>m<>k<EFBFBD>e<EFBFBD></entry>
|
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|
|
<entry>^</entry>
|
|
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|
|
</row>
|
|
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|
|
<row>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<entry>dead_diaeresis</entry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<entry>dve bodky nad</entry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<entry>"</entry>
|
|
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|
|
|
</row>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</tbody>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</tgroup>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</table></para>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<procedure>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<title>Postup pri p<>sani compose sekvenci<63></title>
|
|
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|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<step>
|
2002-02-06 18:59:03 +00:00
|
|
|
|
<para>Ka<4B>d<EFBFBD> compose sekvencia sa za<7A><61>na k<><6B><EFBFBD>ov<6F>m slovom
|
2002-02-05 03:50:45 +00:00
|
|
|
|
<computeroutput>compose</computeroutput>.</para>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</step>
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<step>
|
2002-02-06 18:59:03 +00:00
|
|
|
|
<para>Nasleduje compose znak m<>tvej kl<6B>vesy (pod<6F>a tabu<62>ky <xref
|
2002-02-05 03:50:45 +00:00
|
|
|
|
linkend="console-kbd-dead.tables.dead" endterm="console-kbd-dead.tables.dead.title">),
|
|
|
|
|
|
napr<70>klad <computeroutput>\'</computeroutput>.
|
|
|
|
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2002-02-06 18:59:03 +00:00
|
|
|
|
<para>Druh<75> je znak, s ktor<6F>m chceme m<>tvu kl<6B>vesu kombinova<76>, napr<70>klad
|
2002-02-05 03:50:45 +00:00
|
|
|
|
<computeroutput>A</computeroutput>.</para>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<para>Za k<><6B><EFBFBD>ov<6F>m slovom <computeroutput>to</computeroutput> nasleduje v<>sledok spojenia
|
|
|
|
|
|
m<>tvej kl<6B>vesy a znaku bez diakritiky, teda <computeroutput><3E></computeroutput>.</para>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</step>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</procedure>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<para>Je praktick<63> ma<6D> pri vytv<74>ran<61> compose sekvenci<63> zaveden<65> slovensk<73> font, aby ste
|
|
|
|
|
|
v<>sledok mohli hne<6E> kontrolova<76>. Ve<56>kou pomocou je tie<69> mo<6D>nos<6F> pr<70>kazu
|
|
|
|
|
|
<command>loadkeys</command> <20><>ta<74> zo <20>tandardn<64>ho vstupu. Napr<70>klad:
|
|
|
|
|
|
<screen>
|
|
|
|
|
|
sh$ loadkeys
|
|
|
|
|
|
include "/usr/lib/kbd/keymaps/i386/include/windowkeys.map.gz"
|
|
|
|
|
|
keycode 41 = grave asciitilde semicolon dead_diaeresis
|
|
|
|
|
|
compose '"' 'a' to '<27>'
|
|
|
|
|
|
# ukon<6F>enie zad<61>vania: EOF - Ctrl-D
|
|
|
|
|
|
sh$
|
|
|
|
|
|
</screen></para>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<para>Popis aktu<74>lneho rozlo<6C>enia kl<6B>ves m<><6D>ete ulo<6C>i<EFBFBD> do s<>boru pr<70>kazom
|
|
|
|
|
|
<screen>
|
|
|
|
|
|
sh$ dumpkeys > subor
|
|
|
|
|
|
</screen></para>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2002-02-06 18:59:03 +00:00
|
|
|
|
<para>Ak nem<65>te zaveden<65> slovensk<73> popis rozlo<6C>enia kl<6B>ves, mus<75>te zad<61>va<76> tieto znaky ako
|
|
|
|
|
|
<keycap>Alt</keycap> sekvencie, popr<70>pade vklada<64> ich hex k<>dy v tvare
|
|
|
|
|
|
<keycode>0xed</keycode> pre <keycap><3E></keycap>. V<>pis znakov aktu<74>lneho fontu spolu s ich
|
|
|
|
|
|
hex k<>dmi v<>m urob<6F> program
|
2002-02-05 03:50:45 +00:00
|
|
|
|
<variablelist>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<term><application>kbd</application>:</term>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<cmdsynopsis>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<command>showfont</command>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</cmdsynopsis></para>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<term><application>console-tools</application>:</term>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<cmdsynopsis>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<command>showcfont</command>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</cmdsynopsis></para>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</variablelist></para>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<para>E<>te raz na<6E>a compose sekvencia a nejak<61> navy<76>e:
|
|
|
|
|
|
<programlisting>
|
2002-02-06 18:59:03 +00:00
|
|
|
|
compose '\'' 'A' to '<27>' # dlh<6C> A cez d<><64>e<EFBFBD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
compose '^' 'O' to '<27>' # O s vok<6F><6B>om cez m<>k<EFBFBD>e<EFBFBD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
compose '^' 'a' to '<27>' # <20>irok<6F> a cez m<>k<EFBFBD>e<EFBFBD>,
|
2002-02-05 03:50:45 +00:00
|
|
|
|
compose '^' 'A' to 0x84 # ...preto nepotrebujeme dead_diaeresis
|
|
|
|
|
|
</programlisting></para>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<para>Mimochodom, v s<>bore <filename>/usr/lib/kbd/keymaps/compose/compose.latin2</filename>
|
2002-02-06 18:59:03 +00:00
|
|
|
|
m<>te zoznam compose sekvenci<63> pre normu <acronym>ISO-8859-2</acronym>.</para>
|
2002-02-05 03:50:45 +00:00
|
|
|
|
</section> <!-- console-kbd-dead -->
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<section id="console-kbd-autoload">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<title>Automatick<63> zav<61>dzanie keymap s<>boru</title>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<para>Na nastavenie rozlo<6C>enia kl<6B>vesnice, ktor<6F> chceme zavies<65> pri <20>tarte syst<73>mu, n<>m sl<73><6C>i
|
|
|
|
|
|
s<>bor <filename>/etc/sysconfig/keyboard</filename>. Pre Slov<6F>ka ako repa by mal vyzera<72>
|
|
|
|
|
|
minim<69>lne takto:
|
|
|
|
|
|
<programlisting>
|
|
|
|
|
|
KEYTABLE=sk-qwerty # zavedie rozlo<6C>enie kl<6B>ves sk-qwerty
|
|
|
|
|
|
KBCHARSET=iso-8859-2 # ...a spom<6F>nan<61> s<>bor compose.latin2
|
|
|
|
|
|
</programlisting></para>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2002-02-06 18:59:03 +00:00
|
|
|
|
<para>Nastavenie kl<6B>vesnice pri <20>tarte m<> na starosti skript <command>keytable</command>,
|
|
|
|
|
|
ktor<6F> je volan<61> priamo z <filename>rc.sysinit</filename>, tak<61>e netreba vytv<74>ra<72> linky v
|
|
|
|
|
|
adres<65>roch pre runlevel <constant>3/multiuser</constant>, pr<70>padne <constant>5/X</constant>.
|
|
|
|
|
|
</para>
|
2002-02-05 03:50:45 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<para>V dokument<6E>cii k <application>initscripts</application> sa p<><70>e: <quote>Ak ulo<6C><6F>te popis
|
|
|
|
|
|
rozlo<6C>enia kl<6B>ves (pou<6F>it<69>m <command>dumpkeys</command>) do s<>boru
|
|
|
|
|
|
<filename>/etc/sysconfig/console/default.kmap</filename>, zavedie sa pri <20>tarte syst<73>mu e<>te
|
2002-02-06 18:59:03 +00:00
|
|
|
|
pred prip<69>jan<61>m/kontrolou s<>borov<6F>ch syst<73>mov. To m<><6D>e by<62> u<>ito<74>n<EFBFBD>, ak potrebujete zada<64>
|
2002-02-05 03:50:45 +00:00
|
|
|
|
heslo roota v pr<70>pade probl<62>mov. Mus<75> to by<62> <quote>dumpnut<75></quote> popis rozlo<6C>enia kl<6B>ves
|
|
|
|
|
|
a nie skop<6F>rovan<61> s<>bor z <filename class="directory">/usr/lib/kbd/keytables/</filename>,
|
2002-02-06 18:59:03 +00:00
|
|
|
|
preto<74>e tie <20>asto e<>te vkladaj<61> (include) in<69> popisy z tejto adres<65>rovej
|
|
|
|
|
|
<09>trukt<6B>ry.</quote></para>
|
2002-02-05 03:50:45 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2002-02-06 18:59:03 +00:00
|
|
|
|
<para>Po pripojen<65> s<>borov<6F>ch syst<73>mov, v pr<70>pade, <20>e existuje spustite<74>n<EFBFBD> s<>bor
|
2002-02-05 03:50:45 +00:00
|
|
|
|
<filename>/etc/rc.d/init.d/keytable</filename> a adres<65>r
|
|
|
|
|
|
<filename class="directory">/usr/lib/kbd/keymaps/</filename>, vykon<6F> sa pr<70>kaz
|
|
|
|
|
|
<screen>
|
|
|
|
|
|
sh# /etc/rc.d/init.d/keytable start
|
|
|
|
|
|
</screen></para>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<para>Tento u<> zavedie popis rozlo<6C>enia kl<6B>ves tak, ako to m<>te ur<75>en<65> premenn<6E>mi v s<>bore
|
|
|
|
|
|
<filename>/etc/sysconfig/keyboard</filename>, preto nemus<75>te vytv<74>ra<72> odkazy v jednotliv<69>ch
|
|
|
|
|
|
<filename class="directory">rc[1-5].d/</filename> adres<65>roch.</para>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<para>To, <20>o sme si hovorili o zmene fontu pri prihl<68>sen<65> nejak<61>ho u<><75>vate<74>a na virtu<74>lnej
|
|
|
|
|
|
konzole, sa d<> aplikova<76> aj na rozlo<6C>enie kl<6B>ves. <20>plne najjednoduch<63>ie rie<69>enie (ktor<6F> sa
|
|
|
|
|
|
pri prvom odhl<68>sen<65> po<70>le do kr<6B>kov) je asi tak<61>to:
|
|
|
|
|
|
<variablelist>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<term><filename>~/.bash_profile</filename>:</term>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<programlisting>
|
|
|
|
|
|
if tty 2>/dev/null |grep '/dev/tty[0-9]*$' &>/dev/null && ! [ -f ~/.keymap ]; then
|
|
|
|
|
|
dumpkeys > ~/.keymap
|
|
|
|
|
|
loadkeys gr.map
|
|
|
|
|
|
fi
|
|
|
|
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|
</programlisting></para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><filename>~/.bash_logout</filename>:</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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<programlisting>
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if tty 2>/dev/null |grep '/dev/tty[0-9]*$' &>/dev/null && [ -f ~/.keymap ]; then
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loadkeys ~/.keymap
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rm -f ~/.keymap
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fi
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</programlisting></para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist></para>
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</section> <!-- console-kbd-autoload -->
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</section> <!-- console-kbd -->
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<section id="console-summary">
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<title>Zhrnutie nastaven<65> konzoly</title>
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|
2002-02-06 18:59:03 +00:00
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<para>Pokia<69> som sa niekde nesekol, tak minim<69>lne v distrib<69>ci<63>ch
|
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<systemitem class="osname">RedHat</systemitem> a
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<systemitem class="osname">Mandrake</systemitem> by po t<>chto zmen<65>ch mala do pohody za<7A>lapa<70>
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slovensk<73> podpora (fonty + kl<6B>vesnica).
|
2002-02-05 03:50:45 +00:00
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|
<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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|
<term><filename>/etc/sysconfig/i18n</filename>:</term>
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<listitem>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><application>kbd</application>:</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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<programlisting>
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|
SYSFONT=lat2a-16
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|
</programlisting></para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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|
<varlistentry>
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|
<term><application>console-tools</application>:</term>
|
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|
|
<listitem>
|
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|
<para>
|
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|
<programlisting>
|
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|
|
|
|
SYSFONT=lat2u-16
|
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|
|
SYSFONTACM=iso02
|
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|
|
</programlisting></para>
|
|
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|
</listitem>
|
|
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|
</varlistentry>
|
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|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
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|
|
</listitem>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
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|
|
<term><filename>/etc/sysconfig/keyboard</filename>:</term>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<programlisting>
|
|
|
|
|
|
KEYTABLE=sk-qwertz
|
|
|
|
|
|
KBCHARSET=iso-8859-2
|
|
|
|
|
|
</programlisting></para>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</variablelist></para>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<para>Tie<69>, ak zad<61>vate rootovsk<73> heslo s pou<6F>it<69>m in<69>ho rozlo<6C>enia kl<6B>ves ako je <20>tandardn<64>
|
|
|
|
|
|
(<computeroutput>us</computeroutput>), vlo<6C>te si jeho popis do s<>boru
|
|
|
|
|
|
<filename>/etc/sysconfig/console/default.kmap</filename>. Pozor, nesmiete len tak skop<6F>rova<76>
|
|
|
|
|
|
s<>bor, alebo vytvori<72> link! Ak chcete pou<6F>i<EFBFBD> napr<70>klad rozlo<6C>enie
|
|
|
|
|
|
<computeroutput>sk-qwertz</computeroutput>, urobte to takto:
|
|
|
|
|
|
<screen>
|
|
|
|
|
|
sh$ loadkeys sk-qwertz
|
|
|
|
|
|
sh# dumpkeys >/etc/sysconfig/console/default.kmap
|
|
|
|
|
|
</screen></para>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<para>Ak chcete nastavi<76> slovensk<73> font a kl<6B>vesnicu len jednorazovo, tieto pr<70>kazy by to mali
|
|
|
|
|
|
dok<6F>za<7A>:
|
|
|
|
|
|
<variablelist>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<term><application>kbd</application>:</term>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<screen>
|
|
|
|
|
|
sh$ setfont lat2a-16
|
|
|
|
|
|
sh$ loadkeys sk-qwertz
|
|
|
|
|
|
</screen></para>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<term><application>console-tools</application>:</term>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<screen>
|
|
|
|
|
|
sh$ consolechars -f lat2u-16 -m iso02
|
|
|
|
|
|
sh$ loadkeys sk-qwertz
|
|
|
|
|
|
</screen></para>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</variablelist></para>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<para>...a nasp<73><70> na <20>tandardn<64> nastavenia:
|
|
|
|
|
|
<variablelist>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<term><application>kbd</application>:</term>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<screen>
|
|
|
|
|
|
sh$ setfont
|
|
|
|
|
|
sh$ loadkeys -d
|
|
|
|
|
|
</screen></para>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<term><application>console-tools</application>:</term>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<screen>
|
|
|
|
|
|
sh$ consolechars -d
|
|
|
|
|
|
sh$ loadkeys -d
|
|
|
|
|
|
</screen></para>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</variablelist></para>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</section> <!-- console-summary -->
|
|
|
|
|
|
</section> <!-- console -->
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
