113 lines
4.9 KiB
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113 lines
4.9 KiB
HTML
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<TITLE>Linux Networking-HOWTO (Previously the Net-3 Howto): Glossary of Terms used in this document.</TITLE>
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<H2><A NAME="s10">10. Glossary of Terms used in this document.</A></H2>
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<P>The following is a list of some of the most important terms used in this
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document.
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<DL>
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<P>
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<DT><B>ARP</B><DD><P>This is an acronym for the <EM>Address Resolution
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Protocol</EM> and this is how a network machine associates an
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IP Address with a hardware address.
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<P>
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<DT><B>ATM</B><DD><P>This is an acronym for <EM>Asynchronous Transfer
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Mode</EM>. An ATM network packages data into standard size
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blocks which it can convey efficiently from point to
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point. ATM is a circuit switched packet network technology.
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<P>
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<DT><B>client</B><DD><P>This is usually the piece of software at the end
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of a system where the user is. There are exceptions to this,
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for example, in the X11 window system it is actually the
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server with the user and the client runs on the remote
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machine. The client is the program or end of a system that is
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receiving the service provided by the server. In the case of
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<EM>peer to peer</EM> systems such as <EM>slip</EM> or <EM>ppp</EM> the
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client is taken to be the end that initiates the connection
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and the remote end, being called, is taken to be the server.
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<P>
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<DT><B>datagram</B><DD><P>A datagram is a discrete package of data and
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headers which contain addresses, which is the basic unit of
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transmission across an IP network. You might also hear this
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called a `packet'.
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<P>
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<DT><B>DLCI</B><DD><P>The DLCI is the Data Link Connection Identifier and
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is used to identify a unique virtual point to point connection
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via a Frame Relay network. The DLCI's are normally assigned by
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the Frame Relay network provider.
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<P>
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<DT><B>Frame Relay</B><DD><P>Frame Relay is a network technology ideally
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suited to carrying traffic that is of bursty or sporadic
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nature. Network costs are reduced by having many Frame Relay
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customer sharing the same network capacity and relying on them
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wanting to make use of the network at slightly different
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times.
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<P>
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<DT><B>Hardware address</B><DD><P>This is a number that uniquely
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identifies a host in a physical network at the media access
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layer. Examples of this are <EM>Ethernet Addresses</EM> and
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<EM>AX.25 Addresses</EM>.
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<P>
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<DT><B>ISDN</B><DD><P>This is an acronym for <EM>Integrated Services
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Digital Network</EM>. ISDN provides a standardized means by
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which Telecommunications companies may deliver either voice or
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data information to a customers premises. Technically ISDN is
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a circuit switched data network.
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<P>
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<DT><B>ISP</B><DD><P>This is an acronym of Internet Service
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Provider. These are organizations or companies that provide
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people with network connectivity to the Internet.
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<P>
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<DT><B>IP address</B><DD><P>This is a number that uniquely identifies a
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TCP/IP host on the network. The address is 4 bytes long and is
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usually represented in what is called the "dotted decimal
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notation", where each byte is represented in decimal from with
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dots `.' between them.
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<P>
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<DT><B>MSS</B><DD><P>The Maximum Segment Size (<EM>MSS</EM>) is the
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largest quantity of data that can be transmitted at one
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time. If you want to prevent local fragmentation MSS would
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equal MTU-IP header.
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<P>
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<DT><B>MTU</B><DD><P>The Maximum Transmission Unit (<EM>MTU</EM>) is a
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parameter that determines the largest datagram than can be
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transmitted by an IP interface without it needing to be broken
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down into smaller units. The MTU should be larger than the
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largest datagram you wish to transmit unfragmented. Note, this
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only prevents fragmentation locally, some other link in the
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path may have a smaller MTU and the datagram will be
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fragmented there. Typical values are 1500 bytes for an
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ethernet interface, or 576 bytes for a SLIP interface.
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<P>
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<DT><B>route</B><DD><P>The <EM>route</EM> is the path that your datagrams
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take through the network to reach their destination.
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<P>
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<DT><B>server</B><DD><P>This is usually the piece of software or end of a
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system remote from the user. The server provides some service
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to one or many clients. Examples of servers include <EM>ftp</EM>,
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<EM>Networked File System</EM>, or <EM>Domain Name Server</EM>. In the
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case of <EM>peer to peer</EM> systems such as <EM>slip</EM> or
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<EM>ppp</EM> the server is taken to be the end of the link that is
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called and the end calling is taken to be the client.
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<P>
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<DT><B>window</B><DD><P>The <EM>window</EM> is the largest amount of data
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that the receiving end can accept at a given point in time.
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</DL>
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