185 lines
6.8 KiB
HTML
185 lines
6.8 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2 Final//EN">
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<HTML>
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<META NAME="GENERATOR" CONTENT="SGML-Tools 1.0.9">
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<TITLE>LinuxDoc+Emacs+Ispell-HOWTO: Configuring Emacs</TITLE>
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<LINK HREF="LinuxDoc+Emacs+Ispell-HOWTO-5.html" REL=next>
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<LINK HREF="LinuxDoc+Emacs+Ispell-HOWTO-3.html" REL=previous>
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<LINK HREF="LinuxDoc+Emacs+Ispell-HOWTO.html#toc4" REL=contents>
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<A HREF="LinuxDoc+Emacs+Ispell-HOWTO-5.html">Next</A>
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<A HREF="LinuxDoc+Emacs+Ispell-HOWTO.html#toc4">Contents</A>
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<HR>
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<H2><A NAME="s4">4. Configuring <CODE>Emacs</CODE></A> </H2>
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<P>
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<H2><A NAME="ss4.1">4.1 Accented Characters</A>
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</H2>
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<P>If you want to write documents in French or in any other western
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European language, you will need 8-bit characters. This is how to set Emacs
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up to tell it to accept such characters.
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<P>
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<H3>The displaying of 8-bit characters </H3>
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<P>To let Emacs display 8-bit characters, you will need the following
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lines in your <CODE>.emacs</CODE> file:
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<PRE>
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(standard-display-european 1)
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(load-library "iso-syntax")
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</PRE>
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<P>If you are using Emacs on a terminal which has no 8-bit support, you
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can use the <CODE>iso-ascii</CODE> library (<CODE>(load-library "iso-ascii")</CODE>),
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which tells Emacs to display such characters to its best approximation.
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<P>
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<H3>The typing of 8-bit characters </H3>
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<P>If your keyboard allows you to enter accented characters, no
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problem. If not here are some remedies:
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<P>
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<H3>The <CODE>iso-acc</CODE> library </H3>
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<P>The Emacs <CODE>iso-acc</CODE> library will let you type 8-bit
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characters from a 7-bit keyboard.
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<P>To use it, insert the following in your <CODE>.emacs</CODE> file:
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<PRE>
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(load-library "iso-acc")
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</PRE>
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<P>Then, upon running Emacs and opening the file you need to edit, type
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<CODE>Meta-x iso-accents-mode</CODE>.
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<P>You can then enter the <B>é</B> of the French word <EM>café</EM>
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typing <B>'</B> then <CODE>e</CODE>. More generally, you will type an
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accented character typing the accent first, then the letter to accent
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(upper or lower case). The following are the accents you may use:
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<P>
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<LI><CODE>'</CODE> : Acute</LI>
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<LI><CODE>`</CODE> : Grave</LI>
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<LI><CODE>^</CODE> : Circumflex</LI>
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<LI><CODE>"</CODE> : Dieresis</LI>
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<LI><CODE>~</CODE> : Tilde, cedilla, and other particular
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cases (cf iso-acc.el).</LI>
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<LI><CODE>/</CODE> : To bar a letter, etc.</LI>
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<P>If you need one of these characters and not an accented letter, type
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a space next to it. For instance, to type
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<I>l'éléphant</I>, type <CODE>l ' spc ' e l ' e ...</CODE>
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<P>You will find all the possible combinations in the
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<CODE>iso-acc.el</CODE> file.
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<P>
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<H3>The Meta key </H3>
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<P>Some terminals will let you type 8-bit characters with the
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Meta (or Alt) key. For example, pressing
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<B>Meta-i</B> will get you the <B>é</B> character.
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<P>But Emacs reserved the Meta key for other uses, and I know
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of no library which lets you use it for accented characters.
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<P>This is a solution:
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<P>
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<PRE>
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(global-set-key "\ei" '(lambda () (interactive) (insert ?\351)))
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_ ___
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</PRE>
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<P>Such a line, if inserted in your
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<CODE>.emacs</CODE> file, will let you type
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<B>é</B> using the <B>Meta-i</B> keystroke.
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You can redefine in such a way the combinations you need
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if you replace <B>i</B> with the right key and
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<B>351</B> with the right code (the code being taken from the
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ISO-8859-1 character set).
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<P><B>Warning!</B> Some local modes may redefine such key
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combinations.
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<P>
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<H3>The displaying of 8-bit SGML characters </H3>
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<P>Under SGML, you can type accented characters with macros. For
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example, the <B>é</B> key is <B>&eacute;</B>. Generally, the applications
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that need to read SGML can read 8-bit characters and there is no need to
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use these macros. But some may not be able to do so. Given that there is a
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way to solve this problem, it would be a waste to let these crash.
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<P>The <CODE>iso-sgml</CODE> library will let you type accented characters
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under Emacs, like always, but upon saving your file to the disk, it will
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turn these 8-bit characters into their SGML equivalent.
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<P>It is therefore easy, thanks to this library, to type and reread
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your document under Emacs, and you can be sure a non 8-bit clean
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application will accept you document.
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<P>To use this library, you just need to add the following lines to your
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<CODE>.emacs</CODE> file:
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<P>
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<PRE>
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(setq sgml-mode-hook
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'(lambda () "Defaults for SGML mode."
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(load-library "iso-sgml")))
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</PRE>
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<P>
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<H2><A NAME="ss4.2">4.2 SGML mode</A>
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</H2>
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<P>Upon loading a file with the <B>.sgml</B> extension,
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Emacs enters the <B>sgml mode</B> automatically. If it doesn't, you
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can tell it to do so manually by typing <CODE>Meta-x sgml-mode</CODE>, or
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automatically by adding the following lines to your <CODE>.emacs</CODE> file:
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<P>
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<PRE>
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(setq auto-mode-alist
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(append '(("\.sgml$" . sgml-mode))
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auto-mode-alist))
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</PRE>
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<P>This mode will let you choose how to insert 8-bit characters for
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example. With <CODE>Meta-x sgml-name-8bit-mode</CODE> (or the menu item
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<I>SGML/Toggle 8-bit insertion</I>), you can choose to type 8-bit
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characters as is, or in SGML form, i.e. in the form <B>&...;</B>.
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<P>It will as well let you hide or show SGML tags, with <CODE>Meta-x
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sgml-tags-invisible</CODE> (or the menu item <I>SGML/Toggle Tag
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Visibility</I>).
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<P>
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<P>
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<H2><A NAME="ss4.3">4.3 PSGML mode</A>
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</H2>
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<P>PSGML mode helps a lot to edit SGML documents with Emacs.
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<P>The
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<A HREF="http://www.linux-france.com/article/psgml-linuxdoc">psgml-linuxdoc</A>
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documentation explains how to install this mode and use it with
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<I>LinuxDoc</I>.
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<P>
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<H2><A NAME="ss4.4">4.4 Miscellaneous</A>
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</H2>
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<P>
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<H3>auto-fill mode </H3>
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<P>In the normal mode, when you type a paragraph and get to the end of
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the line, you must use the
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Return key yourself to get to the next line, or else your line
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goes on through the whole paragraph. When you use
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Return to get to the next line, you get a paragraph
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with ragged right margins.
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<P>If you let some lines go beyond a
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reasonable width, you won't be able to see them with some editors.
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<P>The <B>auto-fill</B> mode automates this boring task: when you go
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further than a certain column (the 70th by default), you are automatically
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taken to the next line.
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<P>This is how to use this mode, and set the width of your lines to 80:
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<P>
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<PRE>
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(setq sgml-mode-hook
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'(lambda () "Defaults for SGML mode."
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(auto-fill-mode)
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(setq fill-column 80)))
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</PRE>
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<P>
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<HR>
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<A HREF="LinuxDoc+Emacs+Ispell-HOWTO-5.html">Next</A>
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<A HREF="LinuxDoc+Emacs+Ispell-HOWTO-3.html">Previous</A>
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