1027 lines
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1027 lines
40 KiB
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<h1>[Fwd: Another mini-HOWTO]</h1>
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<ul>
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<li><em>To</em>: "<A HREF="mailto:ldp-discuss@lists.debian.org">ldp-discuss@lists.debian.org</A>" <<A HREF="mailto:ldp-discuss@lists.debian.org">ldp-discuss@lists.debian.org</A>>, "<A HREF="mailto:ldp-discuss@lists.linuxdoc.org">ldp-discuss@lists.linuxdoc.org</A>" <<A HREF="mailto:ldp-discuss@lists.linuxdoc.org">ldp-discuss@lists.linuxdoc.org</A>></li>
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<li><em>Subject</em>: [Fwd: Another mini-HOWTO]</li>
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<li><em>From</em>: Miroslav Skoric <<A HREF="mailto:m.skoric@EUnet.yu">m.skoric@EUnet.yu</A>></li>
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<li><em>Date</em>: Sun, 30 Jul 2000 09:59:08 -0400</li>
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<li><em>Resent-date</em>: Sun, 30 Jul 2000 04:03:02 -0400 (EDT)</li>
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<li><em>Resent-from</em>: <A HREF="mailto:ldp-discuss@lists.debian.org">ldp-discuss@lists.debian.org</A></li>
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<li><em>Resent-message-id</em>: <_w960C.A.K1H.oF-g5@murphy></li>
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<li><em>Resent-sender</em>: <A HREF="mailto:ldp-discuss-request@lists.debian.org">ldp-discuss-request@lists.debian.org</A></li>
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<li><em>Sender</em>: <A HREF="mailto:skoric@EUnet.yu">skoric@EUnet.yu</A></li>
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<pre>
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</pre>
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<blockquote><small>--- <i>Begin Message</i> ---</small>
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<ul>
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<li><em>To</em>: <A HREF="mailto:ldp-submit@lists.linuxdoc.org">ldp-submit@lists.linuxdoc.org</A></li>
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<li><em>Subject</em>: Another mini-HOWTO</li>
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<li><em>From</em>: Miroslav Skoric <<A HREF="mailto:m.skoric@eunet.yu">m.skoric@eunet.yu</A>></li>
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<li><em>Date</em>: Fri, 28 Jul 2000 23:43:11 -0400</li>
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</ul>
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<pre>
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Gentle folks,
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I am going to send you another mini-HOWTO. Hope it is better than
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previous one.
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Regards,
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Misko</pre>
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<article>
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<title>Linux+WindowsNT mini-HOWTO
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<author>Miroslav Skoric, <tt/m.skoric@eunet.yu/
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<date>v2.0, 26 July 2000
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<abstract>
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<nidx>windows nt</nidx>
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This mini-HOWTO covers some ways how to install both Linux and Windows NT
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on the same computer and how to boot either of them from within LILO menu.
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There is also another mini-HOWTO "Linux+NT-Loader" that covers how to boot
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either of them from within NT Loader menu.
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</abstract>
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<!---->
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<toc>
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<!---->
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<sect>Introduction
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<p>
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Bill Wohler wrote in v1.1 of The Linux+WindowsNT mini-HOWTO:
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<em>"Due to hardware or software problems or user headroom, I pulled my
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hair out for several days trying to get both NT and Linux happily
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settled on my new HP Vectra PC at work."</em>
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I could say that was true in my case too, but you <bf/really/ have
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a way to make both Linux and Windows NT co-existing on the same
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machine and to switch from one of them to another.
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<p>
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<em>"Under no circumstances run the Disk Administrator from NT 3.51 to
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format partitions. It asks if it can write a signature "which will
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cause absolutely no harm." When it did this, it hosed my partition
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table until fixed by steps 3 and 7 below. Because of these
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problems, I was limited to one FAT NT partition. Also remember that
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even if you do get the Disk Administrator to work, you'll want at
|
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least one small FAT partition to use as a staging area for
|
|
exchanging files between Linux and NT until Linux has an NTFS
|
|
filesystem."</em>
|
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Well, NT's Disk Administrator is sufficient tool to check what
|
|
situation on your hard disk(s) you have, before and after you used
|
|
an utility called Partition Magic by Power Quest. This utility
|
|
might be needed to 'shrink' your NT (either NTFS or FAT) partition,
|
|
in order to get some free space for further Linux' partitions.
|
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<em>I installed Linux first and then NT, but based on my experience,
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I might now be able to install NT first and then Linux.</em>
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Of course you all are able to install Windows NT first and after then
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Linux. We'll see how to do that and how to use <bf/LILO/ <bf/Li/nux
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<bf/Lo/ader to choose which operating system to boot.
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<sect1>Copyright
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<p>
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<em>Copyright is a source of much and continuous debate on the
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LDP mailing list. For more in depth information please consult
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the Manifesto at the </em>
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<url url="http://www.LinuxDoc.org/"
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name="LinuxDoc">
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site.
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<em>
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The purpose of having a license is to allow appropriate distribution.
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You can use any license that meets the Manifesto.
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What follows is a boilerplate licence.
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</em>
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<p>
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Copyright (c) 2000 by Miroslav Skoric.
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<P>
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Please freely copy and distribute (sell or give away) this document in
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any format. It's requested that corrections and/or comments be fowarded
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to the document maintainer. You may create a derivative work and distribute
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it provided that you:
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<itemize>
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<item>
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Send your derivative work (in the most suitable format such as
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sgml) to the LDP (Linux Documentation Project) or the like for posting
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on the Internet. If not the LDP, then let the LDP know where it is
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available.
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<item>
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License the derivative work with this same license or use GPL.
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Include a copyright notice and at least a pointer to the license used.
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<item>
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Give due credit to previous authors and major contributors.
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</itemize>
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<P>
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If you're considering making a derived work other than a translation,
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it's requested that you discuss your plans with the current maintainer.
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<sect1>Disclaimer
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<p>
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Use the information in this document at your own risk. I disavow any
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potential liability for the contents of this document. Use of the
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concepts, examples, and/or other content of this document is entirely
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at your own risk.
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All copyrights are owned by their owners, unless specifically noted
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otherwise. Use of a term in this document should not be regarded as
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affecting the validity of any trademark or service mark.
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Naming of particular products or brands should not be seen as endorsements.
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You are strongly recommended to take a backup of your system before
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major installation and backups at regular intervals.
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<sect1>News
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<p>
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<nidx>(your index root)!news on</nidx> <!---->
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This is the second release featuring more samples and an improved structure.
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Beside that, this version of Linux+WinNT mini-HOWTO is going to offer you
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another procedure to install both Linux and NT on your computer. And doing
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that on both IDE and SCSI disks.
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<em>This mini-HOWTO would be improved from time to time. If you think
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that the HOWTO on your Linux installation CD is some out-of-date, you
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may check for newest release on the Internet. It could be found within
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the main <url url="http://www.linuxdoc.org/"
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name="Linux Documentation Project">
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homepage.
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</em>
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<sect1>Credits
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<p>
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<em>This version of Linux+WinNT mini-HOWTO is based on:
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<tscreen><verb>
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The Linux+WindowsNT mini-HOWTO
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by Bill Wohler, wohler@newt.com
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v1.1, 19 February 1997
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</verb></tscreen>
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Any comments or suggestions can be mailed to my email address:
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<htmlurl url="mailto:m.skoric@eunet.yu/"
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name="m.skoric@eunet.yu">.
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<sect>Further Information
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<sect1>HOWTO
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<p>
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<nidx>disk!information resources!HOWTOs</nidx>
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These are intended as the primary starting points to
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|
get the background information as well as show you how to solve
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a specific problem.
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Some relevant HOWTOs are <tt/Bootdisk/, <tt/Installation/, <tt/SCSI/ and <tt/UMSDOS/.
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The main site for these is the
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<url url="http://metalab.unc.edu/LDP/"
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name="LDP archive">
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at Metalab (formerly known as Sunsite).
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There is a a new HOWTO out that deals with setting up a
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DPT RAID system, check out the
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|
<url url="http://www.ram.org/computing/linux/dpt_raid.html"
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name="DPT RAID HOWTO homepage">.
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<sect1>Mini-HOWTO
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<p>
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<nidx>disk!information resources!mini-HOWTOs</nidx>
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These are the smaller free text relatives to the HOWTOs.
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Some relevant mini-HOWTOs are
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<tt/Backup-With-MSDOS/, <tt/Diskless/, <tt/LILO/, <tt/Large Disk/,
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<tt/Linux+DOS+Win95+OS2/, <tt/Linux+OS2+DOS/, <tt/Linux+Win95/,
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<tt/NFS-Root/, <tt/Win95+Win+Linux/, <tt/ZIP Drive/ .
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You can find these at the same place as the HOWTOs, usually in a sub directory
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called <tt/mini/. Note that these are scheduled to be converted into SGML and
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|
become proper HOWTOs in the near future.
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The old <tt/Linux Large IDE mini-HOWTO/ is no longer valid, instead read
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<tt>/usr/src/linux/drivers/block/README.ide</tt> or
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<tt>/usr/src/linux/Documentation/ide.txt</tt>.
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<sect1>Local Resources
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<p>
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<nidx>disk!information resources!local</nidx>
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In most distributions of Linux there is a document directory installed,
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|
have a look in the
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<htmlurl url="file:///usr/doc"
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name="/usr/doc"> directory.
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where most packages store their main documentation and README files etc.
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Also you will here find the HOWTO archive (
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<htmlurl url="file:///usr/doc/HOWTO"
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name="/usr/doc/HOWTO">)
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of ready formatted HOWTOs
|
|
and also the mini-HOWTO archive (
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<url url="file:///usr/doc/HOWTO/mini"
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name="/usr/doc/HOWTO/mini">)
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of plain text documents.
|
|
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|
Many of the configuration files mentioned earlier can be found in the
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<htmlurl url="file:///etc"
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name="/etc">
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directory. In particular you will want to work with the
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<htmlurl url="file:///etc/fstab"
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name="/etc/fstab">
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file that sets up the mounting of partitions
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|
and possibly also
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<htmlurl url="file:///etc/mdtab"
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name="/etc/mdtab">
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file that is used for the <tt/md/ system to set up RAID.
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The kernel source in
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<url url="file:///usr/src/linux"
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name="/usr/src/linux">
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is, of course, the ultimate documentation. In other
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words, <em>use the source, Luke</em>.
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|
It should also be pointed out that the kernel comes not only with
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|
source code which is even commented (well, partially at least)
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but also an informative
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<url url="file:///usr/src/linux/Documentation"
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name="documentation directory">.
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If you are about to ask any questions about the kernel you should
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read this first, it will save you and many others a lot of time
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and possibly embarrassment.
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Also have a look in your system log file (
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<htmlurl url="file:///var/log/messages"
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name="/var/log/messages">)
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to see what is going on and in particular how the booting went if
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too much scrolled off your screen. Using <tt>tail -f /var/log/messages</tt>
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|
in a separate window or screen will give you a continuous update of what is
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going on in your system.
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You can also take advantage of the
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<htmlurl url="file:///proc"
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name="/proc">
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file system that is a window into the inner workings of your system.
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Use <tt/cat/ rather than <tt/more/ to view the files as they are
|
|
reported as being zero length. Reports are that <tt/less/ works well here.
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<sect1>Web Pages
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<p>
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<nidx>disk!information resources!WWW</nidx>
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<nidx>disk!information resources!web pages</nidx>
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There is a huge number of informative web pages out there and by their very
|
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nature they change quickly so don't be too surprised if these links become
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quickly outdated.
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A good starting point is of course the
|
|
<url url="http://www.linuxdoc.org/"
|
|
name="Linux Documentation Project"> home page,
|
|
an information central for documentation, project pages and much, much more.
|
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Please let me know if you have any other leads that can be of interest.
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|
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<sect>Getting Help
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<p>
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<nidx>(your index root)!assistance, obtaining</nidx>
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|
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|
In the end you might find yourself unable to solve your problems and need
|
|
help from someone else. The most efficient way is either to ask someone
|
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local or in your nearest Linux user group, search the web for the nearest
|
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one.
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|
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Another possibility is to ask on Usenet News in one of the many, many
|
|
newsgroups available. The problem is that these have such a high
|
|
volume and noise (called low signal-to-noise ratio) that your question
|
|
can easily fall through unanswered.
|
|
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No matter where you ask it is important to ask well or you will not be
|
|
taken seriously. Saying just <it/my disk does not work/ is not going
|
|
to help you and instead the noise level is increased even further and if
|
|
you are lucky someone will ask you to clarify.
|
|
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|
Instead describe your problems in some detail that
|
|
will enable people to help you. The problem could lie somewhere you did
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not expect. Therefore you are advised to list up the following information
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on your system:
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<descrip>
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<tag/Hardware/
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<itemize>
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<item>Processor
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<item>DMA
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<item>IRQ
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|
<item>Chip set (LX, BX etc)
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<item>Bus (ISA, VESA, PCI etc)
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|
<item>Expansion cards used (Disk controllers, video, IO etc)
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|
</itemize>
|
|
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<tag/Software/
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<itemize>
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<item>BIOS (On motherboard and possibly SCSI host adapters)
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<item>LILO, if used
|
|
<item>Linux kernel version as well as possible modifications and patches
|
|
<item>Kernel parameters, if any
|
|
<item>Software that shows the error (with version number or date)
|
|
</itemize>
|
|
|
|
<tag/Peripherals/
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<itemize>
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<item>Type of disk drives with manufacturer name, version and type
|
|
<item>Other relevant peripherals connected to the same busses
|
|
</itemize>
|
|
|
|
</descrip>
|
|
|
|
Remember that booting text is logged to <tt>/var/log/messages</tt> which can
|
|
answer most of the questions above. Obviously if the drives fail you might not
|
|
be able to get the log saved to disk but you can at least scroll back up the
|
|
screen using the <tt/SHIFT/ and <tt/PAGE UP/ keys. It may also be useful to
|
|
include part of this in your request for help but do not go overboard, keep
|
|
it <em/brief/ as a complete log file dumped to Usenet News is more than a
|
|
little annoying.
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
</article>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<article>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<title>Linux+WindowsNT mini-HOWTO
|
|
<author>Miroslav Skoric, <tt/m.skoric@eunet.yu/
|
|
<date>v2.0, 28 July 2000
|
|
<abstract>
|
|
<nidx>windows nt</nidx>
|
|
This mini-HOWTO covers some ways on how to install both Linux and Windows
|
|
NT on the same computer and how to boot either of them from within LILO menu.
|
|
There is also another mini-HOWTO "Linux+NT-Loader" that covers how to boot
|
|
either of them from within NT Loader menu.
|
|
</abstract>
|
|
|
|
<sect>Introduction
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
Bill Wohler wrote in v1.1 of The Linux+WindowsNT mini-HOWTO:
|
|
<p>
|
|
<em>"Due to hardware or software problems or user headroom, I pulled my
|
|
hair out for several days trying to get both NT and Linux happily
|
|
settled on my new HP Vectra PC at work."</em>
|
|
|
|
I could say that was true in my case too, but you <bf/really/ have
|
|
a way to make both Linux and Windows NT co-existing on the same
|
|
machine and to switch from one of them to another.
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
<em>"Under no circumstances run the Disk Administrator from NT 3.51 to
|
|
format partitions. It asks if it can write a signature "which will
|
|
cause absolutely no harm." When it did this, it hosed my partition
|
|
table until fixed by steps 3 and 7 below. Because of these
|
|
problems, I was limited to one FAT NT partition. Also remember that
|
|
even if you do get the Disk Administrator to work, you'll want at
|
|
least one small FAT partition to use as a staging area for
|
|
exchanging files between Linux and NT until Linux has an NTFS
|
|
filesystem."</em>
|
|
|
|
Well, NT's Disk Administrator is sufficient tool to check what
|
|
situation on your hard disk(s) you have, before and after you used
|
|
an utility called Partition Magic by Power Quest. This utility
|
|
might be needed to 'shrink' your NT (either NTFS or FAT) partition,
|
|
in order to get some free space for your further Linux' partitions.
|
|
|
|
<em>"I installed Linux first and then NT, but based on my experience, I
|
|
might now be able to install NT first and then Linux."</em>
|
|
|
|
Of course you all are able to install Windows NT first and after that
|
|
Linux. We'll see how to do that and how to use <bf/LILO/ <bf/Li/nux
|
|
<bf/Lo/ader to choose which operating system to boot. But, before that
|
|
we'll see the procedure that the previous maintainer of this mini-HOWTO
|
|
has been using:
|
|
|
|
<sect1>Linux first, NT after
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
1. Install a minimal Linux (hold off on installing the rest until
|
|
you win the Linux/NT battle). Do all your disk partitioning in
|
|
Linux, including your NT partition (make it FAT). I was not
|
|
successful at making more than one NT partition. I also made it the
|
|
first partition, but I don't know if that is essential or not.
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
2. Edit /etc/lilo.conf and use boot=/dev/sda (I was not successful
|
|
at installing LILO on the Linux partition--/dev/sda3 in my case) and
|
|
run "lilo". You'll have to use the editor ae. You'll live.
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
3. Save the MBR with this: dd if=/dev/sda of=/dev/fd0 bs=512 count=1
|
|
Use a floppy. Trust me. Also do this each time you change the disk
|
|
partition table.
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
4. Install NT, part 1. When it goes to reboot halfway through the
|
|
process you'll boot into Linux.
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
5. Add NT stanza to /etc/lilo.conf, e.g.:
|
|
|
|
other=/dev/sda1
|
|
label=NT
|
|
table=/dev/sda
|
|
|
|
and run lilo. If lilo complains about this (I forget the message),
|
|
add the "linear" flag to /etc/lilo.conf near the "compact" keyword.
|
|
Furthermore, if your partition table is screwed up by NT you'll
|
|
either need to use "ignore-table" or follow the directions in Step 7.
|
|
See also "fix-table". The LILO HOWTO is your friend.
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
6. Reboot, select NT from LILO, and finish NT install. You'll need
|
|
the "Boot Disk XU, HP Vectra AIC 7880 Driver A.01.02" floppy to
|
|
install the ethernet drivers and the "XU/VT Drivers and
|
|
Documentation" CD (directory video/disk4 if I recall correctly) to
|
|
install the video drivers for the Matrox MGA Millennium.
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
7. Back to Linux, run fdisk and ensure you don't get "partition
|
|
doesn't end on cylinder boundary" on your Linux partitions. You'll
|
|
still have this error on the NT partition though, but this seems to
|
|
be OK.
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
/dev/sda1 1 1 322 329301 6 DOS 16-bit >=32M
|
|
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary:
|
|
phys=(321, 39, 9) should be (321, 63, 32)
|
|
|
|
Cfdisk reports strangeness, but it seems OK:
|
|
|
|
Unusable 0.04*
|
|
/dev/sda1 Primary DOS 16-bit >=32Mb 321.59*
|
|
Unusable 0.39*
|
|
<p>
|
|
If you do get the cylinder boundary warning on your Linux
|
|
partitions, it is sufficient to use cfdisk to do something innocuous
|
|
like changing the boot sector.
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
If, however, NT has really screwed you over and cfdisk can't even
|
|
run, complaining that it cannot open /dev/sda, then you'll need to
|
|
take more extreme action. You'll need that MBR you saved
|
|
previously. Clear and restore the MBR (but not the signature) with:
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sda bs=512 count=1
|
|
dd if=/dev/fd0 of=/dev/sda bs=510 count=1
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
8. Install the rest of Linux. Easy, huh?
|
|
|
|
If you prefer to have NT write the MBR instead of LILO, you may have
|
|
to resort to the following to clear the MBR first:
|
|
|
|
<itemize>
|
|
|
|
<item>dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sda bs=446 count=1 (in Linux) or perform
|
|
a low-level format with the SCSI utilities. I've heard that a
|
|
low-level format of an IDE disk is fatal, so don't do it.
|
|
|
|
<item>fdisk /mbr (you've obviously already created a DOS boot disk that
|
|
contains fdisk).
|
|
|
|
<item>delete NT partition and create it again in NT install.
|
|
|
|
<item>continue with NT install.
|
|
|
|
</itemize>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
Epilogue: After first posting this message, I heard from several
|
|
folks that they had no problems with NT's Disk Administrator, and
|
|
were able to install either NT or Linux first without any problems.
|
|
Hopefully, you'll be in this camp, but if not, perhaps this campfire
|
|
story will be of some use.
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
Since the first edition of this mini-HOWTO, others have written
|
|
similar documents as well. Please be sure to consult them. If your
|
|
experience differs from any presented, then you should submit your
|
|
own mini-HOWTO or submit a revised version of this document to the
|
|
HOWTO maintainer (reference this sentence) and send a carbon copy to
|
|
me as I don't have the time to maintain this document. Someone
|
|
should eventually combine all of these documents into a single
|
|
coherent HOWTO.
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
Finally, I'm afraid this document details all I know about this
|
|
subject. I should point you to an appropriate Linux newsgroup for
|
|
further information. I use NT about one day a year. Under duress.
|
|
|
|
<sect1>NT first, Linux after
|
|
|
|
<sect2>If you have one IDE hard disk
|
|
|
|
<itemize>
|
|
|
|
<item>First of all, I would suggest you to install a fresh copy of
|
|
Windows NT 4.0 on your hard disk. I suppose that you already
|
|
made a backup of your important data, so the NT installation
|
|
shouldn't be a problem. During the NT installation, setup is
|
|
not going to ask you where to place NT's boot loader, so it
|
|
would be placed into the MBR (Master Boot Record) of your hard
|
|
disk. But, there is a possibility for a previous content of
|
|
the MBR to remain within the MBR (especially any previous
|
|
Lilo), so I would suggest you (before installation of NT) to
|
|
boot the computer with a DOS floppy diskette having DOS version
|
|
of FDISK. At the prompt a:\ just enter the command: fdisk /mbr
|
|
and restart the computer again (without that floppy).
|
|
|
|
<item>After you have successfully installed your NT, you will see that
|
|
it uses the whole hard disk or a specific partition of the hard
|
|
disk (depending on what you decided during the setup process).
|
|
So, it is advisible to 'shrink' the partition where NT resides
|
|
in order to make some free space on the disk. Onto that free space
|
|
you will install your Linux. After you have your NT configured
|
|
and running, you have to boot your computer using a floppy
|
|
diskette with Partition Magic utility by Power Quest. It is a
|
|
graphical tool able to see all partitions on all hard disks you
|
|
have. The best thing is that you can make some changes with your
|
|
partitions but not to destroy your existing data. One of the
|
|
available changes is to make your existing partition(s) smaller,
|
|
so to get some free space on the disk(s) for other purposes.
|
|
Although you are advised to make a backup before you make any
|
|
changes to the partitions, I usually practise to 'shrink' NT's
|
|
partition before I installed anything but NT itself (so, if
|
|
needed, a repetitive re-installation wouldn't be a problem).
|
|
Well, Partition Magic (or any other similar utility you are
|
|
familiar with) will shrink your NT's partition (either NTFS or
|
|
FAT) to a smaller measure and place it to either the beginning
|
|
or to the end of the previous measure. It means that you may
|
|
choose to have your 'shrinked' NT partition at the beginning
|
|
or at the end of your disk (I usually choose NT to be at the
|
|
beginning, so the ending part of the disk will become a 'free
|
|
space'). After the 'shrinkin' is finished, you may re-boot your
|
|
NT in order to check the new situation: you may use Windows
|
|
Explorer or Disk Administrator for that.
|
|
|
|
<item>So far so good. Next step is to install your Linux. Case you
|
|
are familiar with RedHat distribution (I hope with other distros
|
|
is the same or similar), you start by putting your installation
|
|
CD in the drive and re-boot the computer). Well, when you are about
|
|
to choose what type of installation it will be (Gnome or KDE
|
|
Workstation, Custom, etc.) you may choose whatever you planned
|
|
before, but I would suggest to install a Workstation at first.
|
|
This is good because Linux setup will find automatically the
|
|
free space on the (first) hard disk, make all partitions needed
|
|
for Linux, format them properly, make majority of options by
|
|
default so you won't have much pain during the setup (later, if
|
|
you want, you may either add missing components or re-install
|
|
Linux as Custom over the existing linux partitions). Lilo should
|
|
go to the MBR.
|
|
|
|
<item>After it looks that Linux installation is finished, you are going
|
|
to re-start the computer and there you will only see Lilo
|
|
with one Linux entry to boot (or maybe more than one Linux
|
|
entry, in case your hardware is multi-processor one). But, don't
|
|
panic! Your Windows NT is still there where you had installed it
|
|
before Linux. You should become some familiar with Linux as soon
|
|
as possible, in order to be able to find and edit your new
|
|
/etc/lilo.conf file. When you open this file for the first time,
|
|
you'll see that there is only one (or more) Linux entry. Well,
|
|
you should know the exact position (read: a partition) where
|
|
Windows NT has been installed, so you could add an appropriate
|
|
entry into /etc/lilo.conf file. After you do that, restart Lilo
|
|
and, after the next re-boot, you will have both 'linux' and 'nt'
|
|
entries under Lilo menu. My added NT entry is:
|
|
|
|
other=/dev/hda1
|
|
label=nt
|
|
|
|
<sect2>If you have more than one (SCSI) hard disk
|
|
<p>
|
|
<em>Notice: Folks, you see, at my place, one of computers has several
|
|
SCSI disks. That's why I put the word 'SCSI' in parentheses. There I
|
|
have several SCSI controllers, SCSI CD ROM drive and SCSI Tape drive.
|
|
So, it doesn't mean that *you* will be using SCSI parts at all.
|
|
You'd rather handle more than one IDE disks, but I hope that install
|
|
process shouldn't change too much, if any.
|
|
<p>
|
|
<itemize>
|
|
|
|
<item>First of all, I would suggest you to install a fresh copy of
|
|
Windows NT 4.0 on your <bf/first/ hard disk. I suppose that you already
|
|
made a backup of your important data, so the NT installation
|
|
shouldn't be a problem. You can easily copy your data on your
|
|
second hard disk or so. During the NT installation, setup is
|
|
not going to ask you where to place NT's boot loader, so it
|
|
would be placed into the MBR (Master Boot Record) of your <bf/first/ hard
|
|
disk. But, there is a possibility for a previous content of
|
|
the MBR to remain within the MBR (especially any previous
|
|
Lilo), so I would suggest you (before installation of NT) to
|
|
boot the computer with a DOS floppy diskette having DOS version
|
|
of FDISK. At the prompt a:\ just enter the command: fdisk /mbr
|
|
and restart the computer again (without that floppy). If you
|
|
want to be sure about your machine is 'clean', you may also
|
|
delete any existing partition(s) on your <em>other</em> disks, during the
|
|
Windows NT Setup <bf/in case you have *not* made any backup on
|
|
other disks/.
|
|
|
|
<item>After you have successfully installed your NT, you will see that
|
|
it uses the whole hard disk or a specific partition of the hard
|
|
disk (depending on what you decided during the setup process).
|
|
So, it is advisible to 'shrink' the partition where NT resides
|
|
in order to make some free space on the disk. Onto that free space
|
|
you will install your Linux. Well, you may also think of using
|
|
some other disk(s) you have for Linux (so did I). That case, you
|
|
would start your linux installation and try to use, for example,
|
|
/dev/sdb (or sdc, or sdd, or else in case of SCSI system) or
|
|
/dev/hdb (or hdc, or hdd, or else in case of IDE system). Looks
|
|
like Linux installation accepts whatever you choose, but somehow
|
|
after all was finished when I did that, LILO was no able to
|
|
do anything. Actually, it always stopped after 'LI' so it was
|
|
possible to start Linux at all. Finally, after pulling my hair
|
|
out, I decided to make it all on the <bf/first/ disk. So, after
|
|
I had NT configured and running, I had to boot my computer using
|
|
a floppy diskette with Partition Magic utility by Power Quest.
|
|
It is a graphical tool able to see all partitions on all hard disks you
|
|
have. The best thing is that you can make some changes with your
|
|
partitions but not to destroy your existing data. One of the
|
|
available changes is to make your existing partition(s) smaller,
|
|
so to get some free space on the disk(s) for other purposes.
|
|
Although you are advised to make a backup before you make any
|
|
changes to the partitions, I usually practise to 'shrink' NT's
|
|
partition before I installed anything but NT itself (so, if
|
|
needed, a repetitive re-installation wouldn't be a problem).
|
|
Well, Partition Magic (or any other similar utility you are
|
|
familiar with) will shrink your NT's partition (either NTFS or
|
|
FAT) to a smaller measure and place it to either the beginning
|
|
or to the end of the previous measure. It means that you may
|
|
choose to have your 'shrinked' NT partition at the beginning
|
|
or at the end of your disk (I usually choose NT to be at the
|
|
beginning, so the ending part of the disk will become a 'free
|
|
space'). After the 'shrinkin' is finished, you may re-boot your
|
|
NT in order to check the new situation: you may use Windows
|
|
Explorer or Disk Administrator for that. You will note that
|
|
NT 'sees' all other disks you have in your machine (either
|
|
partitioned or as 'free space' areas).
|
|
|
|
<item>So far so good. Next step is to install your Linux. Case you
|
|
are familiar with RedHat distribution (I hope with other distros
|
|
is the same or similar), you start by putting your installation
|
|
CD in the drive and re-boot the computer). Well, when you are about
|
|
to choose what type of installation it will be (Gnome or KDE
|
|
Workstation, Custom, etc.) you may choose whatever you planned
|
|
before, but I would suggest to install a Workstation at first.
|
|
This is good because Linux setup will find automatically the
|
|
free space on the <bf/first/ hard disk, make all partitions needed
|
|
for Linux, format them properly, make majority of options by
|
|
default so you won't have much pain during the setup (later, if
|
|
you want, you may either add missing components or re-install
|
|
Linux as Custom over the existing linux partitions). Lilo should
|
|
go to the MBR of your <bf/first/ disk.
|
|
|
|
<item>After it looks that Linux installation is finished, you are going
|
|
to re-start the computer and there you will only see Lilo
|
|
with one Linux entry to boot (or maybe more than one Linux
|
|
entry, in case your hardware is multi-processor one). But, don't
|
|
panic! Your Windows NT is still there where you had installed it
|
|
before Linux. You should become some familiar with Linux as soon
|
|
as possible, in order to be able to find and edit your new
|
|
/etc/lilo.conf file. When you open this file for the first time,
|
|
you'll see that there is only one (or more) Linux entry. Well,
|
|
you should know the exact position (read: a partition) where
|
|
Windows NT has been installed, so you could add an appropriate
|
|
entry into /etc/lilo.conf file. After you do that, restart Lilo
|
|
and, after the next re-boot, you will have both 'linux' and 'nt'
|
|
entries under Lilo menu. My added NT entry is:
|
|
|
|
other=/dev/sda1
|
|
label=nt
|
|
|
|
<sect1>Copyright
|
|
<p>
|
|
<em>Copyright is a source of much and continuous debate on the
|
|
LDP mailing list. For more in depth information please consult
|
|
the Manifesto at the </em>
|
|
<url url="http://www.LinuxDoc.org/"
|
|
name="LinuxDoc">
|
|
site.
|
|
<em>
|
|
The purpose of having a license is to allow appropriate distribution.
|
|
You can use any license that meets the Manifesto.
|
|
What follows is a boilerplate licence.
|
|
</em>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Copyright (c) 2000 by Miroslav Skoric.
|
|
<P>
|
|
Please freely copy and distribute (sell or give away) this document in
|
|
any format. It's requested that corrections and/or comments be fowarded
|
|
to the document maintainer. You may create a derivative work and distribute
|
|
it provided that you:
|
|
|
|
<itemize>
|
|
<item>
|
|
Send your derivative work (in the most suitable format such as
|
|
sgml) to the LDP (Linux Documentation Project) or the like for posting
|
|
on the Internet. If not the LDP, then let the LDP know where it is
|
|
available.
|
|
<item>
|
|
License the derivative work with this same license or use GPL.
|
|
Include a copyright notice and at least a pointer to the license used.
|
|
<item>
|
|
Give due credit to previous authors and major contributors.
|
|
</itemize>
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
If you're considering making a derived work other than a translation,
|
|
it's requested that you discuss your plans with the current maintainer.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<sect1>Disclaimer
|
|
<p>
|
|
|
|
Use the information in this document at your own risk. I disavow any
|
|
potential liability for the contents of this document. Use of the
|
|
concepts, examples, and/or other content of this document is entirely
|
|
at your own risk.
|
|
|
|
All copyrights are owned by their owners, unless specifically noted
|
|
otherwise. Use of a term in this document should not be regarded as
|
|
affecting the validity of any trademark or service mark.
|
|
|
|
Naming of particular products or brands should not be seen as endorsements.
|
|
|
|
You are strongly recommended to take a backup of your system before
|
|
major installation and backups at regular intervals.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<sect1>News
|
|
<p>
|
|
<nidx>(your index root)!news on</nidx> <!---->
|
|
|
|
This is the second release featuring more samples and an improved structure.
|
|
Beside that, this version of Linux+WinNT mini-HOWTO is going to offer you
|
|
another procedure to install both Linux and NT on your computer. And doing
|
|
that on both IDE and SCSI disks.
|
|
|
|
<em>This mini-HOWTO would be improved from time to time. If you think
|
|
that the HOWTO on your Linux installation CD is some out-of-date, you
|
|
may check for newest release on the Internet. It could be found within
|
|
the main <url url="http://www.linuxdoc.org/"
|
|
name="Linux Documentation Project">
|
|
homepage.
|
|
</em>
|
|
|
|
<sect1>Credits
|
|
<p>
|
|
<em>This version of Linux+WinNT mini-HOWTO is based on:
|
|
|
|
<tscreen><verb>
|
|
The Linux+WindowsNT mini-HOWTO
|
|
by Bill Wohler, wohler@newt.com
|
|
v1.1, 19 February 1997
|
|
</verb></tscreen>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Any comments or suggestions can be mailed to my email address:
|
|
<htmlurl url="mailto:m.skoric@eunet.yu/"
|
|
name="m.skoric@eunet.yu">.
|
|
|
|
<sect>Further Information
|
|
<sect1>HOWTO
|
|
<p>
|
|
<nidx>disk!information resources!HOWTOs</nidx>
|
|
These are intended as the primary starting points to
|
|
get the background information as well as show you how to solve
|
|
a specific problem.
|
|
Some relevant HOWTOs are <tt/Bootdisk/, <tt/Installation/, <tt/SCSI/ and <tt/UMSDOS/.
|
|
The main site for these is the
|
|
<url url="http://metalab.unc.edu/LDP/"
|
|
name="LDP archive">
|
|
at Metalab (formerly known as Sunsite).
|
|
|
|
<sect1>Mini-HOWTO
|
|
<p>
|
|
<nidx>disk!information resources!mini-HOWTOs</nidx>
|
|
These are the smaller free text relatives to the HOWTOs.
|
|
Some relevant mini-HOWTOs are
|
|
<tt/Backup-With-MSDOS/, <tt/Diskless/, <tt/LILO/, <tt/Large Disk/,
|
|
<tt/Linux+DOS+Win95+OS2/, <tt/Linux+OS2+DOS/, <tt/Linux+Win95/,
|
|
<tt/Linux+WinNT/,<tt/NFS-Root/, <tt/Win95+Win+Linux/, <tt/ZIP Drive/ .
|
|
You can find these at the same place as the HOWTOs, usually in a sub directory
|
|
called <tt/mini/. Note that these are scheduled to be converted into SGML and
|
|
become proper HOWTOs in the near future.
|
|
|
|
<sect1>Local Resources
|
|
<p>
|
|
<nidx>disk!information resources!local</nidx>
|
|
In most distributions of Linux there is a document directory installed,
|
|
have a look in the
|
|
<htmlurl url="file:///usr/doc"
|
|
name="/usr/doc"> directory.
|
|
where most packages store their main documentation and README files etc.
|
|
Also you will here find the HOWTO archive (
|
|
<htmlurl url="file:///usr/doc/HOWTO"
|
|
name="/usr/doc/HOWTO">)
|
|
of ready formatted HOWTOs
|
|
and also the mini-HOWTO archive (
|
|
<url url="file:///usr/doc/HOWTO/mini"
|
|
name="/usr/doc/HOWTO/mini">)
|
|
of plain text documents.
|
|
|
|
Many of the configuration files mentioned earlier can be found in the
|
|
<htmlurl url="file:///etc"
|
|
name="/etc">
|
|
directory. In particular you will want to work with the
|
|
<htmlurl url="file:///etc/fstab"
|
|
name="/etc/fstab">
|
|
file that sets up the mounting of partitions
|
|
and possibly also
|
|
<htmlurl url="file:///etc/mdtab"
|
|
name="/etc/mdtab">
|
|
file that is used for the <tt/md/ system to set up RAID.
|
|
|
|
The kernel source in
|
|
<url url="file:///usr/src/linux"
|
|
name="/usr/src/linux">
|
|
is, of course, the ultimate documentation. In other
|
|
words, <em>use the source, Luke</em>.
|
|
It should also be pointed out that the kernel comes not only with
|
|
source code which is even commented (well, partially at least)
|
|
but also an informative
|
|
<url url="file:///usr/src/linux/Documentation"
|
|
name="documentation directory">.
|
|
If you are about to ask any questions about the kernel you should
|
|
read this first, it will save you and many others a lot of time
|
|
and possibly embarrassment.
|
|
|
|
Also have a look in your system log file (
|
|
<htmlurl url="file:///var/log/messages"
|
|
name="/var/log/messages">)
|
|
to see what is going on and in particular how the booting went if
|
|
too much scrolled off your screen. Using <tt>tail -f /var/log/messages</tt>
|
|
in a separate window or screen will give you a continuous update of what is
|
|
going on in your system.
|
|
|
|
You can also take advantage of the
|
|
<htmlurl url="file:///proc"
|
|
name="/proc">
|
|
file system that is a window into the inner workings of your system.
|
|
Use <tt/cat/ rather than <tt/more/ to view the files as they are
|
|
reported as being zero length. Reports are that <tt/less/ works well here.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<sect1>Web Pages
|
|
<p>
|
|
<nidx>disk!information resources!WWW</nidx>
|
|
<nidx>disk!information resources!web pages</nidx>
|
|
There is a huge number of informative web pages out there and by their very
|
|
nature they change quickly so don't be too surprised if these links become
|
|
quickly outdated.
|
|
|
|
A good starting point is of course the
|
|
<url url="http://www.linuxdoc.org/"
|
|
name="Linux Documentation Project"> home page,
|
|
an information central for documentation, project pages and much, much more.
|
|
|
|
Please let me know if you have any other leads that can be of interest.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<sect>Getting Help
|
|
<p>
|
|
<nidx>(your index root)!assistance, obtaining</nidx>
|
|
|
|
In the end you might find yourself unable to solve your problems and need
|
|
help from someone else. The most efficient way is either to ask someone
|
|
local or in your nearest Linux user group, search the web for the nearest
|
|
one.
|
|
|
|
Another possibility is to ask on Usenet News in one of the many, many
|
|
newsgroups available. The problem is that these have such a high
|
|
volume and noise (called low signal-to-noise ratio) that your question
|
|
can easily fall through unanswered.
|
|
|
|
No matter where you ask it is important to ask well or you will not be
|
|
taken seriously. Saying just <it/my disk does not work/ is not going
|
|
to help you and instead the noise level is increased even further and if
|
|
you are lucky someone will ask you to clarify.
|
|
|
|
Instead describe your problems in some detail that
|
|
will enable people to help you. The problem could lie somewhere you did
|
|
not expect. Therefore you are advised to list up the following information
|
|
on your system:
|
|
|
|
<descrip>
|
|
<tag/Hardware/
|
|
<itemize>
|
|
<item>Processor
|
|
<item>DMA
|
|
<item>IRQ
|
|
<item>Chip set (LX, BX etc)
|
|
<item>Bus (ISA, VESA, PCI etc)
|
|
<item>Expansion cards used (Disk controllers, video, IO etc)
|
|
</itemize>
|
|
|
|
<tag/Software/
|
|
<itemize>
|
|
<item>BIOS (On motherboard and possibly SCSI host adapters)
|
|
<item>LILO, if used
|
|
<item>Linux kernel version as well as possible modifications and patches
|
|
<item>Kernel parameters, if any
|
|
<item>Software that shows the error (with version number or date)
|
|
</itemize>
|
|
|
|
<tag/Peripherals/
|
|
<itemize>
|
|
<item>Type of disk drives with manufacturer name, version and type
|
|
<item>Other relevant peripherals connected to the same busses
|
|
</itemize>
|
|
|
|
</descrip>
|
|
|
|
Remember that booting text is logged to <tt>/var/log/messages</tt> which can
|
|
answer most of the questions above. Obviously if the drives fail you might not
|
|
be able to get the log saved to disk but you can at least scroll back up the
|
|
screen using the <tt/SHIFT/ and <tt/PAGE UP/ keys. It may also be useful to
|
|
include part of this in your request for help but do not go overboard, keep
|
|
it <em/brief/ as a complete log file dumped to Usenet News is more than a
|
|
little annoying.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</article>
|
|
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|
<small>--- <i>End Message</i> ---</small></blockquote>
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