218 lines
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218 lines
12 KiB
HTML
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<title>Debian User Reference Manual (Obsolete Documentation) - Footnotes</title>
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<link href="index.html" rel="start">
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<link href=".html" rel="prev">
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<link href=".html" rel="next">
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<link href="index.html#contents" rel="contents">
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<link href="index.html#copyright" rel="copyright">
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<link href="ch1.html" rel="chapter" title="1 Introduction">
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<link href="ch-logging-in.html" rel="chapter" title="2 Overview of a Debian GNU/Linux System">
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<link href="ch-manpages.html" rel="chapter" title="3 Documentation">
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<link href="ch-files.html" rel="chapter" title="4 Files and File Systems">
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<link href="ch-shells.html" rel="chapter" title="5 Shells">
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<link href="ch6.html" rel="chapter" title="6 Basic Commands and Tools">
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<link href="ch7.html" rel="chapter" title="7 Advanced Commands and Tools">
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<link href="ch-editors.html" rel="chapter" title="8 Text Editing">
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<link href="ch9.html" rel="chapter" title="9 Text Processing">
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<link href="ch10.html" rel="chapter" title="10 Programming">
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<link href="ch11.html" rel="chapter" title="11 Science">
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<link href="ch12.html" rel="chapter" title="12 Games">
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<link href="ch13.html" rel="chapter" title="13 Sound">
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<link href="ch14.html" rel="chapter" title="14 Image Manipulation">
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<link href="ch15.html" rel="chapter" title="15 Networking">
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<link href="ch16.html" rel="chapter" title="16 Databases">
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<link href="ch-xwin.html" rel="chapter" title="17 X Windows">
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<link href="ch18.html" rel="chapter" title="18 X Windows Managers">
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<link href="ch19.html" rel="chapter" title="19 X Windows Applications">
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<link href="ch20.html" rel="chapter" title="20 Index">
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<link href="ch-files.html#s-files-basics" rel="section" title="4.1 Basic Concepts">
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<link href="ch-files.html#s-files-commands" rel="section" title="4.2 Basic file commands - a tutorial">
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<link href="ch-files.html#s-files-structure" rel="section" title="4.3 What files are on my Debian system? Where should I put my own files?">
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<link href="ch-files.html#s-files-permissions" rel="section" title="4.4 File ownership and permissions">
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<link href="ch-files.html#s-files-filesystems" rel="section" title="4.5 Filesystems">
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<link href="ch-files.html#s-files-devices" rel="section" title="4.6 How to access particular devices (including hard disk partitions and floppy drives)">
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<link href="ch-files.html#s-files-misc" rel="section" title="4.7 Miscellaneous topics">
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<link href="ch-files.html#s-files-advanced" rel="section" title="4.8 Advanced Topics">
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<link href="ch6.html#s6.1" rel="section" title="6.1 What this chapter covers">
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<link href="ch6.html#s6.2" rel="section" title="6.2 Running commands">
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<link href="ch6.html#s-regexp" rel="section" title="6.3 Regular expressions">
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<link href="ch9.html#s9.1" rel="section" title="9.1 What this chapter covers">
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<link href="ch9.html#s9.2" rel="section" title="9.2 Text processing">
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<link href="ch9.html#s9.3" rel="section" title="9.3 LaTeX">
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<link href="ch10.html#s10.1" rel="section" title="10.1 What this chapter covers">
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<link href="ch11.html#s11.1" rel="section" title="11.1 What this chapter covers">
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<link href="ch11.html#s11.2" rel="section" title="11.2 Plotting">
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<link href="ch11.html#s11.3" rel="section" title="11.3 Combining diagrams">
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<link href="ch16.html#s16.1" rel="section" title="16.1 What this chapter covers">
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<link href="ch-files.html#s-files-permissions-groups" rel="subsection" title="4.4.1 Groups">
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<link href="ch-files.html#s-files-permissions-mode" rel="subsection" title="4.4.2 Mode">
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<link href="ch-files.html#s-files-permissions-tutorial" rel="subsection" title="4.4.3 Permissions in practice">
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<link href="ch-files.html#s-files-devices-mounting" rel="subsection" title="4.6.1 Mounting a filesystem">
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<link href="ch-files.html#s-files-devices-cdromexample" rel="subsection" title="4.6.2 Example: Mounting a CD-ROM">
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<link href="ch-files.html#s-files-devices-fstab" rel="subsection" title="4.6.3 <samp>/etc/fstab</samp>: Automating the mount process">
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<link href="ch-files.html#s-files-devices-removable" rel="subsection" title="4.6.4 Removable disks (floppies, Zip disks, etc.)">
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<link href="ch-files.html#s-files-devices-preparing" rel="subsection" title="4.6.5 Preparing disks for use: formatting and creating a filesystem">
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<link href="ch-files.html#s-files-misc-viewing" rel="subsection" title="4.7.1 Viewing the contents of files">
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<link href="ch-files.html#s-files-misc-dotfiles" rel="subsection" title="4.7.2 Hidden files beginning with <samp>.</samp>">
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<link href="ch-files.html#s-files-misc-find" rel="subsection" title="4.7.3 Finding a file on the system">
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<link href="ch-files.html#s-files-misc-compression" rel="subsection" title="4.7.4 Compressing files with <samp>gzip</samp>">
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<link href="ch-files.html#s-files-misc-split" rel="subsection" title="4.7.5 Splitting files into smaller parts">
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<link href="ch-files.html#s-files-misc-diskspace" rel="subsection" title="4.7.6 Managing disk space">
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<link href="ch-files.html#s-files-misc-tar" rel="subsection" title="4.7.7 Backups and large-scale file copying">
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<link href="ch-files.html#s-files-misc-guessing" rel="subsection" title="4.7.8 Guessing a file's contents">
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<link href="ch-files.html#s-files-misc-umask" rel="subsection" title="4.7.9 Defining default permissions with <samp>umask</samp>">
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<link href="ch-files.html#s-files-advanced-hardlinks" rel="subsection" title="4.8.1 The real nature of files: hard links and inodes">
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<link href="ch-files.html#s-files-advanced-types" rel="subsection" title="4.8.2 Types of files">
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<link href="ch-files.html#s-files-advanced-types-symlinks" rel="subsection" title="4.8.2.1 Symbolic links">
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<link href="ch-files.html#s-files-misc-types-devices" rel="subsection" title="4.8.2.2 Device files">
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<link href="ch-files.html#s-files-advanced-types-devices-creating" rel="subsection" title="4.8.2.2.1 How to create device files.">
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<link href="ch-files.html#s-files-advanced-types-devices-null" rel="subsection" title="4.8.2.2.2 <samp>/dev/null</samp>">
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<link href="ch-files.html#s-files-advanced-types-pipes" rel="subsection" title="4.8.2.3 Named pipes (FIFOs)">
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<link href="ch-files.html#s-files-advanced-types-sockets" rel="subsection" title="4.8.2.4 Sockets">
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<link href="ch-files.html#s-files-advanced-proc" rel="subsection" title="4.8.3 The <samp>proc</samp> filesystem">
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<link href="ch-files.html#s-files-advanced-permissions" rel="subsection" title="4.8.4 Advanced aspects of file permissions">
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<link href="ch-files.html#s-files-advanced-permissions-absolute" rel="subsection" title="4.8.4.1 Using numeric arguments with <samp>chmod</samp>">
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<link href="ch-files.html#s-files-advanced-permissions-suid" rel="subsection" title="4.8.4.2 Making files suid/sgid">
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<link href="ch-files.html#s-files-advanced-permissions-sticky" rel="subsection" title="4.8.4.3 Setting the sticky bit">
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<link href="ch-files.html#s-files-advanced-undocumented" rel="subsection" title="4.8.5 Other concepts not yet covered, but should be">
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<link href="ch6.html#s6.2.1" rel="subsection" title="6.2.1 How to enter commands">
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<link href="ch6.html#s6.2.2" rel="subsection" title="6.2.2 How Linux finds commands">
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<link href="ch6.html#s6.2.3" rel="subsection" title="6.2.3 Command options">
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<link href="ch6.html#s6.2.4" rel="subsection" title="6.2.4 Essential commands">
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<link href="ch6.html#s6.2.4.1" rel="subsection" title="6.2.4.1 Commands for reading documentation">
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<link href="ch6.html#s6.2.4.2" rel="subsection" title="6.2.4.2 Commands for basic file-handling">
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<link href="ch6.html#s6.2.4.3" rel="subsection" title="6.2.4.3 These commands are used for managing file-systems">
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<link href="ch6.html#s6.2.4.4" rel="subsection" title="6.2.4.4 Looking at files">
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<link href="ch6.html#s-rmacs" rel="subsection" title="6.2.4.5 Managing your screen">
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<link href="ch6.html#s6.2.4.6" rel="subsection" title="6.2.4.6 Compressed files">
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<link href="ch6.html#s6.2.4.7" rel="subsection" title="6.2.4.7 Commands for backup">
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<link href="ch6.html#s6.2.4.8" rel="subsection" title="6.2.4.8 Printing files">
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<link href="ch6.html#s6.2.4.9" rel="subsection" title="6.2.4.9 Changing files">
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<link href="ch6.html#s6.2.4.10" rel="subsection" title="6.2.4.10 Session management">
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<link href="ch6.html#s6.2.4.11" rel="subsection" title="6.2.4.11 Identity">
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<link href="ch6.html#s6.2.4.12" rel="subsection" title="6.2.4.12 Turning off the computer">
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<link href="ch6.html#s6.2.5" rel="subsection" title="6.2.5 Special characters in commands">
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<link href="ch6.html#s6.2.6" rel="subsection" title="6.2.6 Filters">
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<link href="ch6.html#s6.2.7" rel="subsection" title="6.2.7 Standard input, standard output and standard error">
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<link href="ch6.html#s6.2.8" rel="subsection" title="6.2.8 Redirection">
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<link href="ch6.html#s6.2.9" rel="subsection" title="6.2.9 Shell programs">
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<link href="ch6.html#s6.2.10" rel="subsection" title="6.2.10 Errors">
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<link href="ch9.html#s9.3.1" rel="subsection" title="9.3.1 Invoking LaTeX">
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<link href="ch9.html#s9.3.2" rel="subsection" title="9.3.2 Printing dvi-files">
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<link href="ch9.html#s9.3.3" rel="subsection" title="9.3.3 Documentation on LaTeX">
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</head>
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<body>
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<hr>
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<h1>
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Debian User Reference Manual (Obsolete Documentation)
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<br>Footnotes</h1>
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<h2><a href="ch-files.html#fr1" name="f1">1</a></h2>
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<p>
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While you <em>can</em> use almost anything in a file name, in practice it's a
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bad idea. You want to avoid any characters that often have special meanings,
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including: <samp>{ } ( ) [ ] ' ` " \ / > < | ; ! # & ^ * %
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@</samp>
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</p>
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<p>
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Also avoid putting spaces in filenames. If you want to separate words in a
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name, good choices are the period, hyphen, and underscore. You can also
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capitalize each word, <samp>LikeThis</samp>.
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</p>
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<h2><a href="ch-files.html#fr2" name="f2">2</a></h2>
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<p>
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Some people spell it as two words, i.e. "file system". A quick poll
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of man pages (<samp>man -k filesystem</samp>, <samp>man -k 'file
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system'</samp>) reveals about an even split. So I'm spelling it as one word.
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You can do it however you like. :)
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</p>
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<h2><a href="ch6.html#fr3" name="f3">3</a></h2>
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<p>
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There are exceptions: see the chapter on shells.
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</p>
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<h2><a href="ch6.html#fr4" name="f4">4</a></h2>
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<p>
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This is why system directories should be put first in the path; this ensures
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that the system commands will be run in preference to ones of the same name in
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user bin directories or in the current directory. If non-system programs are
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searched first, there is a security risk, because there may be non-standard
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programs with commonly-used names, and you cannot tell what they might do.
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</p>
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<h2><a href="ch6.html#fr5" name="f5">5</a></h2>
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<p>
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Many people recommend that the current directory should never be included in
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your path. You can run commands in the current directory by using
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<samp>./<var>command</var></samp>
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</p>
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<h2><a href="ch6.html#fr6" name="f6">6</a></h2>
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<p>
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The syntax given is for Bourne shell and its descendants. The syntax for C
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shell and its descendants is <samp>setenv PATH
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$PATH:<var>new_directory</var></samp>
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</p>
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<h2><a href="ch6.html#fr7" name="f7">7</a></h2>
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<p>
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The alert user may have noticed that each two bytes of the hexadecimal
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representation is reversed with respect to the characters they represent. That
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is because this example was run on a PC, which uses little-endian architecture.
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The results would be the opposite way round on a big-endian architecture.
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</p>
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<h2><a href="ch6.html#fr8" name="f8">8</a></h2>
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<p>
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Successful means terminating with an exit status of 0.
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</p>
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<hr>
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<p>
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Debian User Reference Manual (Obsolete Documentation)
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</p>
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<address>
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version 0.1, 29 Dezember 2009<br>
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<br>
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Ardo van Rangelrooij <code><a href="mailto:ardo@debian.org">ardo@debian.org</a></code><br>
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Jason D. Waterman <code><a href="mailto:jwaterma@bbn.com">jwaterma@bbn.com</a></code><br>
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Thalia L. Hooker <code><a href="mailto:th@visi.com">th@visi.com</a></code><br>
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Havoc Pennington <code><a href="mailto:rhpennin@midway.uchicago.edu">rhpennin@midway.uchicago.edu</a></code><br>
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Oliver Elphick - Maintainer <code><a href="mailto:Oliver.Elphick@lfix.co.uk">Oliver.Elphick@lfix.co.uk</a></code><br>
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Bruce Evry <code><a href="mailto:bruce@fantek.org">bruce@fantek.org</a></code><br>
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Karl-Heinz Zimmer <code><a href="mailto:khz@snafu.de">khz@snafu.de</a></code><br>
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Andreas Franzen <code><a href="mailto:anfra@debian.org">anfra@debian.org</a></code><br>
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<br>
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</address>
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<hr>
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</body>
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</html>
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