839 lines
12 KiB
HTML
839 lines
12 KiB
HTML
<HTML
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><HEAD
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><TITLE
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>Making backups with dump</TITLE
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><META
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NAME="GENERATOR"
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CONTENT="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.60"><LINK
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TITLE="Securing and Optimizing Linux"
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HREF="index.html"><LINK
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REL="UP"
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TITLE="Why's and When's of Backup and Restore"
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HREF="whywhen.html"><LINK
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REL="PREVIOUS"
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TITLE="The dump backup program"
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HREF="back-dump.html"><LINK
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REL="NEXT"
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TITLE="Restoring files with dump"
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HREF="chap29sec310.html"></HEAD
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><TR
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><TH
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COLSPAN="3"
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ALIGN="center"
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>Securing and Optimizing Linux: RedHat Edition -A Hands on Guide</TH
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></TR
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><TR
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><TD
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WIDTH="10%"
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ALIGN="left"
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VALIGN="bottom"
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><A
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HREF="back-dump.html"
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>Prev</A
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></TD
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><TD
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WIDTH="80%"
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ALIGN="center"
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VALIGN="bottom"
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>Chapter 33. Why's and When's of Backup and Restore</TD
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><TD
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WIDTH="10%"
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ALIGN="right"
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VALIGN="bottom"
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><A
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HREF="chap29sec310.html"
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>Next</A
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></TD
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></TR
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></TABLE
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><HR
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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WIDTH="100%"></DIV
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><DIV
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CLASS="section"
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><H1
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CLASS="section"
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><A
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NAME="AEN23825"
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>33.6. Making backups with dump</A
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></H1
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><P
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> It's interesting to use the dump backup program if you want to take advantage of its several levels of backup procedures. Given below is a procedure to have a longer backup history and to keep both the backup and restore times to a
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minimum. In the following example, we assume that the backup is written to a tape drive named <TT
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CLASS="filename"
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>/dev/st0</TT
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> and we backup the home directory <TT
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CLASS="filename"
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>/home</TT
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> of our system.
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</P
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><P
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> It is important to always start with a level 0 backup, for example:
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</P
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><DIV
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CLASS="formalpara"
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><P
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><B
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>Friday 1. </B
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>
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use tape 1 for the first full backup.
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<TABLE
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BORDER="0"
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BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
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WIDTH="100%"
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><TR
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><TD
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><PRE
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CLASS="screen"
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> [root@deep] /# <B
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CLASS="command"
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>dump</B
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> -0u -f /dev/st0 /home
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</PRE
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></TD
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></TR
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></TABLE
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>
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<TABLE
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BORDER="0"
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BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
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WIDTH="100%"
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><TR
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><TD
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><PRE
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CLASS="literallayout"
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><TT
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CLASS="computeroutput"
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> DUMP: Date of this level 0 dump: Fri Jan 28 21:25:12 2000
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DUMP: Date of last level 0 dump: the epoch
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DUMP: Dumping /dev/sda6 (/home) to /dev/st0
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DUMP: mapping (Pass I) [regular files]
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DUMP: mapping (Pass II) [directories]
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DUMP: estimated 18582 tape blocks on 0.48 tape(s).
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DUMP: Volume 1 started at: Fri Jan 28 21:25:14 2000
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DUMP: dumping (Pass III) [directories]
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DUMP: dumping (Pass IV) [regular files]
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DUMP: DUMP: 18580 tape blocks on 1 volumes(s)
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DUMP: finished in 4 seconds, throughput 4645 KBytes/sec
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DUMP: Volume 1 completed at: Fri Jan 28 21:25:18 2000
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DUMP: Volume 1 took 0:00:04
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DUMP: Volume 1 transfer rate: 4645 KB/s
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DUMP: level 0 dump on Fri Jan 28 21:25:12 2000
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DUMP: DUMP: Date of this level 0 dump: Fri Jan 28 21:25:12 2000
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DUMP: DUMP: Date this dump completed: Fri Jan 28 21:25:18 2000
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DUMP: DUMP: Average transfer rate: 4645 KB/s
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DUMP: Closing /dev/st0
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DUMP: DUMP IS DONE
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</TT
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></PRE
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></TD
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></TR
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></TABLE
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>
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</P
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></DIV
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><DIV
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CLASS="formalpara"
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><P
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><B
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>Monday. </B
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>
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use tape 2 for the incremental backups.
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<TABLE
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BORDER="0"
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BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
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WIDTH="100%"
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><TR
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><TD
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><PRE
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CLASS="screen"
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> [root@deep] /# <B
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CLASS="command"
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>dump</B
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> -3u -f /dev/st0 /home
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</PRE
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></TD
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></TR
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></TABLE
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>
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</P
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></DIV
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><DIV
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CLASS="formalpara"
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><P
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><B
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>Tuesday. </B
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>
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use tape 3 for the incremental backups.
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<TABLE
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BORDER="0"
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BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
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WIDTH="100%"
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><TR
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><TD
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><PRE
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CLASS="screen"
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> [root@deep] /# <B
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CLASS="command"
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>dump</B
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> -2u -f /dev/st0 /home
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</PRE
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></TD
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></TR
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></TABLE
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>
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</P
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></DIV
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><DIV
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CLASS="formalpara"
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><P
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><B
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>Wednesday. </B
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>
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use tape 4 for the incremental backups.
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<TABLE
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BORDER="0"
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BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
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WIDTH="100%"
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><TR
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><TD
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><PRE
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CLASS="screen"
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> [root@deep] /# <B
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CLASS="command"
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>dump</B
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> -5u -f /dev/st0 /home
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</PRE
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></TD
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></TR
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></TABLE
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>
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</P
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></DIV
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><DIV
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CLASS="formalpara"
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><P
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><B
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>Thursday. </B
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>
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use tape 5 for the incremental backups.
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<TABLE
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BORDER="0"
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BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
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WIDTH="100%"
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><TR
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><TD
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><PRE
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CLASS="screen"
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> [root@deep] /# <B
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CLASS="command"
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>dump</B
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> -4u -f /dev/st0 /home
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</PRE
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></TD
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></TR
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></TABLE
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>
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</P
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></DIV
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><DIV
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CLASS="formalpara"
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><P
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><B
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>Friday 2. </B
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>
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use tape 6 for the incremental backups.
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<TABLE
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BORDER="0"
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BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
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WIDTH="100%"
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><TR
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><TD
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><PRE
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CLASS="screen"
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> [root@deep] /# <B
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CLASS="command"
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>dump</B
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> -7u -f /dev/st0 /home
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</PRE
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></TD
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></TR
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></TABLE
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>
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</P
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></DIV
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><DIV
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CLASS="formalpara"
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><P
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><B
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>Monday. </B
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>
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use tape 2 for the incremental backups.
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<TABLE
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BORDER="0"
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BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
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WIDTH="100%"
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><TR
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><TD
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><PRE
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CLASS="screen"
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> [root@deep] /# <B
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CLASS="command"
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>dump</B
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> -3u -f /dev/st0 /home
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</PRE
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></TD
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></TR
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></TABLE
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>
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</P
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></DIV
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><DIV
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CLASS="formalpara"
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><P
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><B
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>Tuesday. </B
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>
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use tape 3 for the incremental backups.
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<TABLE
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BORDER="0"
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BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
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WIDTH="100%"
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><TR
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><TD
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><PRE
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CLASS="screen"
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> [root@deep] /# <B
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CLASS="command"
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>dump</B
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> -2u -f /dev/st0 /home
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</PRE
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></TD
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></TR
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></TABLE
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>
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</P
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></DIV
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><DIV
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CLASS="formalpara"
|
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><P
|
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><B
|
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>Wednesday. </B
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>
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use tape 4 for the incremental backups.
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<TABLE
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BORDER="0"
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BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
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WIDTH="100%"
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><TR
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><TD
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><PRE
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CLASS="screen"
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> [root@deep] /# <B
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CLASS="command"
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>dump</B
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> -5u -f /dev/st0 /home
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</PRE
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></TD
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></TR
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></TABLE
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>
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</P
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></DIV
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><DIV
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CLASS="formalpara"
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><P
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><B
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>Thursday. </B
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>
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use tape 5 for the incremental backups.
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<TABLE
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BORDER="0"
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BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
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WIDTH="100%"
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><TR
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><TD
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><PRE
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CLASS="screen"
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> [root@deep] /# <B
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CLASS="command"
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>dump</B
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> -4u -f /dev/st0 /home
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</PRE
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></TD
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></TR
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></TABLE
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>
|
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</P
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></DIV
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><DIV
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CLASS="formalpara"
|
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><P
|
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><B
|
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>Friday 3. </B
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>
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use tape 7 for the incremental backups.
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<TABLE
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BORDER="0"
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BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
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WIDTH="100%"
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><TR
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><TD
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><PRE
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CLASS="screen"
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> [root@deep] /# <B
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CLASS="command"
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>dump</B
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> -6u -f /dev/st0 /home
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</PRE
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></TD
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></TR
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></TABLE
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>
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</P
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></DIV
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><DIV
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CLASS="formalpara"
|
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><P
|
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><B
|
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>Monday. </B
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>
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use tape 2 for the incremental backups.
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<TABLE
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BORDER="0"
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BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
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WIDTH="100%"
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><TR
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><TD
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><PRE
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CLASS="screen"
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> [root@deep] /# <B
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CLASS="command"
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>dump</B
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> -3u -f /dev/st0 /home
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</PRE
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></TD
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></TR
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></TABLE
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>
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</P
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></DIV
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><DIV
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CLASS="formalpara"
|
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><P
|
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><B
|
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>Tuesday. </B
|
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>
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use tape 3 for the incremental backups.
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<TABLE
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BORDER="0"
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BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
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WIDTH="100%"
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><TR
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><TD
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><PRE
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CLASS="screen"
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> [root@deep] /# <B
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CLASS="command"
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>dump</B
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> -2u -f /dev/st0 /home
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</PRE
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></TD
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></TR
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></TABLE
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>
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</P
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></DIV
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><DIV
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CLASS="formalpara"
|
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><P
|
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><B
|
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>Wednesday. </B
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>
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use tape 4 for the incremental backups.
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<TABLE
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BORDER="0"
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BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
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WIDTH="100%"
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><TR
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><TD
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><PRE
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CLASS="screen"
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> [root@deep] /# <B
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CLASS="command"
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>dump</B
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> -5u -f /dev/st0 /home
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</PRE
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></TD
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></TR
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></TABLE
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>
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</P
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></DIV
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><DIV
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CLASS="formalpara"
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><P
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><B
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>Thursday. </B
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>
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use tape 5 for the incremental backups.
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<TABLE
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BORDER="0"
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BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
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WIDTH="100%"
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><TR
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><TD
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><PRE
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CLASS="screen"
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> [root@deep] /# <B
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CLASS="command"
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>dump</B
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> -4u -f /dev/st0 /home
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</PRE
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></TD
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></TR
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></TABLE
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>
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</P
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></DIV
|
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><DIV
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CLASS="formalpara"
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><P
|
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><B
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>Friday 4. </B
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>
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use tape 8 for the incremental backups only if there have five Fridays in one month.
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<TABLE
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BORDER="0"
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BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
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WIDTH="100%"
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><TR
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><TD
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><PRE
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CLASS="screen"
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> [root@deep] /# <B
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CLASS="command"
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>dump</B
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> -9u -f /dev/st0 /home
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</PRE
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></TD
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></TR
|
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></TABLE
|
|
>
|
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</P
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></DIV
|
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><DIV
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|
CLASS="formalpara"
|
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><P
|
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><B
|
|
>Monday. </B
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>
|
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use tape 2 for the incremental backups only if there have five Fridays in one month.
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<TABLE
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BORDER="0"
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BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
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WIDTH="100%"
|
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><TR
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><TD
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><PRE
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CLASS="screen"
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> [root@deep] /# <B
|
|
CLASS="command"
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|
>dump</B
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> -3u -f /dev/st0 /home
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</PRE
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|
></TD
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|
></TR
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|
></TABLE
|
|
>
|
|
</P
|
|
></DIV
|
|
><DIV
|
|
CLASS="formalpara"
|
|
><P
|
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><B
|
|
>Tuesday. </B
|
|
>
|
|
use tape 3 for the incremental backups only if there have five Fridays in one month.
|
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<TABLE
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BORDER="0"
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BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
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WIDTH="100%"
|
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><TR
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><TD
|
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><PRE
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|
CLASS="screen"
|
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> [root@deep] /# <B
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|
CLASS="command"
|
|
>dump</B
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|
> -2u -f /dev/st0 /home
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|
</PRE
|
|
></TD
|
|
></TR
|
|
></TABLE
|
|
>
|
|
</P
|
|
></DIV
|
|
><DIV
|
|
CLASS="formalpara"
|
|
><P
|
|
><B
|
|
>Wednesday. </B
|
|
>
|
|
use tape 4 for the incremental backups only if there have five Fridays in one month.
|
|
<TABLE
|
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BORDER="0"
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BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
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WIDTH="100%"
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><TR
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><TD
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><PRE
|
|
CLASS="screen"
|
|
> [root@deep] /# <B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
|
>dump</B
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|
> -5u -f /dev/st0 /home
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|
</PRE
|
|
></TD
|
|
></TR
|
|
></TABLE
|
|
>
|
|
</P
|
|
></DIV
|
|
><DIV
|
|
CLASS="formalpara"
|
|
><P
|
|
><B
|
|
>Thursday. </B
|
|
>
|
|
use tape 5 for the incremental backups only if there have five Fridays in one month.
|
|
<TABLE
|
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BORDER="0"
|
|
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
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WIDTH="100%"
|
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><TR
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><TD
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><PRE
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|
CLASS="screen"
|
|
> [root@deep] /# <B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
|
>dump</B
|
|
> -4u -f /dev/st0 /home
|
|
</PRE
|
|
></TD
|
|
></TR
|
|
></TABLE
|
|
>
|
|
</P
|
|
></DIV
|
|
><DIV
|
|
CLASS="formalpara"
|
|
><P
|
|
><B
|
|
>Month. </B
|
|
>
|
|
use another tape for a new full backup when the month change.
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<TABLE
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BORDER="0"
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BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
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WIDTH="100%"
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><TR
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><TD
|
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><PRE
|
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CLASS="screen"
|
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> [root@deep] /# <B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
|
>dump</B
|
|
> -0u -f /dev/st0 /home
|
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</PRE
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></TD
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></TR
|
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></TABLE
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>
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</P
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></DIV
|
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><P
|
|
> Where
|
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<P
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></P
|
|
><UL
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
> <TT
|
|
CLASS="literal"
|
|
>-0</TT
|
|
> to <TT
|
|
CLASS="literal"
|
|
>-9</TT
|
|
> is the backup level option you want to use,
|
|
</P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
> the <TT
|
|
CLASS="literal"
|
|
>u</TT
|
|
> option means to update the file <TT
|
|
CLASS="filename"
|
|
>/etc/dumpdates</TT
|
|
> after a successful dump,
|
|
</P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
> The <TT
|
|
CLASS="literal"
|
|
>-f</TT
|
|
> option to write the backup to file
|
|
</P
|
|
></LI
|
|
></UL
|
|
>
|
|
The file may be a
|
|
<P
|
|
></P
|
|
><OL
|
|
TYPE="i"
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
> special device file like <TT
|
|
CLASS="filename"
|
|
>/dev/st0</TT
|
|
>, <EM
|
|
>a tape drive</EM
|
|
>,
|
|
</P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
> <TT
|
|
CLASS="filename"
|
|
>/dev/rsd1c</TT
|
|
>, <EM
|
|
>a disk drive</EM
|
|
>,
|
|
</P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
> An ordinary file
|
|
</P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
> <EM
|
|
>the standard output</EM
|
|
>.
|
|
</P
|
|
></LI
|
|
></OL
|
|
>
|
|
Finally, you must specify what you want to backup. In our example, it is the <TT
|
|
CLASS="filename"
|
|
>/home</TT
|
|
> directory <TT
|
|
CLASS="filename"
|
|
>/home</TT
|
|
>.
|
|
</P
|
|
><P
|
|
> You can see that we use the same tapes 2 to 5 for daily backups -<EM
|
|
>Monday to Thursday = 4 tapes</EM
|
|
>, tapes 6, 7, and 8 for weekly backups -<EM
|
|
>other Fridays, 6 + 7 + 8 = 3 tapes</EM
|
|
>. note that there
|
|
can be five Fridays in one month and tapes 1 and any subsequent new one for monthly backups -<EM
|
|
>first Friday each month, 1 + any subsequent</EM
|
|
> <TT
|
|
CLASS="literal"
|
|
>11 months</TT
|
|
> <EM
|
|
>= 12 tapes</EM
|
|
>. In
|
|
conclusion, if we use 8 tapes <TT
|
|
CLASS="literal"
|
|
>4 + 3 + 1 = 8</TT
|
|
>, we can have a full backup for one month and repeat the procedure with the 8 tapes to get our subsequent 11 months to come for a total of 1-year individual full backups.
|
|
</P
|
|
><P
|
|
> The full backup should be done at set intervals, say once a month, and on a set of fresh tapes that are saved forever. With this kind of procedure, you will have 12 tapes for 12 months that handle histories and changes of your
|
|
system for one year. Later, you can copy the 12 tape backups onto a different computer designated to keep all yearly backups for a long time and be able to reuse them, <EM
|
|
>12 tapes</EM
|
|
>, to repeat the procedure for a new year.
|
|
</P
|
|
></DIV
|
|
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|
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>Prev</A
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