398 lines
6.3 KiB
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398 lines
6.3 KiB
HTML
<HTML
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>Configuring the Kernel for IP Masquerade</TITLE
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TITLE="Configuring IP Masquerade"
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>Linux Network Administrators Guide</TH
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><TD
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WIDTH="80%"
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>Chapter 11. IP Masquerade and Network Address Translation</TD
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WIDTH="10%"
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VALIGN="bottom"
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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WIDTH="100%"></DIV
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><DIV
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CLASS="SECT1"
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><H1
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CLASS="SECT1"
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><A
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NAME="X-087-2-MASQ.KERNEL.CONFIG"
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>11.2. Configuring the Kernel for IP Masquerade</A
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></H1
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><P
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>
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To use the IP masquerade facility, your kernel must be compiled with masquerade
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support. You must select the following options when configuring a 2.2 series
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kernel:
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<TABLE
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BORDER="0"
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BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
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WIDTH="100%"
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><TR
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><TD
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><PRE
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CLASS="SCREEN"
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>Networking options --->
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[*] Network firewalls
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[*] TCP/IP networking
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[*] IP: firewalling
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[*] IP: masquerading
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--- Protocol-specific masquerading support will be built as modules.
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[*] IP: ipautofw masq support
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[*] IP: ICMP masquerading</PRE
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></TD
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></TR
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></TABLE
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>
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Note that some of the masquerade support is available only as a kernel module.
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This means that you must ensure that you
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“<TT
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CLASS="LITERAL"
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>make modules</TT
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>” in addition to the usual
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“<TT
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CLASS="LITERAL"
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>make zImage</TT
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>” when building
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your kernel.</P
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><P
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> The 2.4 series kernels no longer offer IP masquerade support as a kernel
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compile time option. Instead, you should select the network packet
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filtering option:
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<TABLE
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BORDER="0"
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BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
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WIDTH="100%"
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><TR
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><TD
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><PRE
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CLASS="SCREEN"
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>Networking options --->
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[M] Network packet filtering (replaces ipchains)</PRE
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></TD
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></TR
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></TABLE
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></P
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><P
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>In the 2.2 series kernels, a number of protocol-specific helper
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modules are created during kernel compilation. Some protocols begin with
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an outgoing request on one port, and then expect an incoming connection on
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another. Normally these cannot be masqueraded, as there is no way of associating
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the second connection with the first without peering inside the protocols
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themselves. The helper modules do just that; they actually look inside the
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datagrams and allow masquerading to work for supported protocols that
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otherwise would be impossible to masquerade. The supported protocols are:
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<DIV
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CLASS="INFORMALTABLE"
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><A
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NAME="AEN9642"
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></A
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><P
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></P
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><TABLE
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BORDER="1"
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CLASS="CALSTABLE"
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><THEAD
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><TR
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><TH
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="TOP"
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>Module</TH
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><TH
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="TOP"
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>Protocol</TH
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></TR
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></THEAD
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><TBODY
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><TR
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><TD
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="TOP"
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>ip_masq_ftp</TD
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><TD
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="TOP"
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>FTP</TD
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></TR
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><TR
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><TD
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="TOP"
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>ip_masq_irc</TD
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><TD
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="TOP"
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>IRC</TD
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></TR
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><TR
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><TD
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="TOP"
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>ip_masq_raudio</TD
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><TD
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="TOP"
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>RealAudio</TD
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></TR
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><TR
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><TD
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="TOP"
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>ip_masq_cuseeme</TD
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><TD
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="TOP"
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>CU-See-Me</TD
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></TR
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><TR
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><TD
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="TOP"
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>ip_masq_vdolive</TD
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><TD
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="TOP"
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>For VDO Live</TD
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></TR
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><TR
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><TD
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="TOP"
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>ip_masq_quake</TD
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><TD
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="TOP"
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>IdSoftware's Quake</TD
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></TR
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></TBODY
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></TABLE
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><P
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></P
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></DIV
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>
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You must load these modules manually using the <B
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CLASS="COMMAND"
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>insmod</B
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>
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command to implement them. Note that these modules cannot be loaded using
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the <B
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CLASS="COMMAND"
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>kerneld</B
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> daemon. Each of the modules takes an argument
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specifying what ports it will listen on. For the
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RealAudio™ module you might use:<A
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NAME="X-087-2-MQ01"
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HREF="#FTN.X-087-2-MQ01"
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>[1]</A
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>
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<TABLE
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BORDER="0"
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BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
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WIDTH="100%"
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><TR
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><TD
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><PRE
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CLASS="SCREEN"
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># <TT
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CLASS="USERINPUT"
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><B
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>insmod ip_masq_raudio.o ports=7070,7071,7072</B
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></TT
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> </PRE
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></TD
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></TR
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></TABLE
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>
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The ports you need to specify depend on the protocol. An IP masquerade
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mini-HOWTO written by Ambrose Au explains more about the IP masquerade modules
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and how to configure them.<A
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NAME="X-087-2-FNMQ02"
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HREF="#FTN.X-087-2-FNMQ02"
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>[2]</A
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></P
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><P
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>The <I
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CLASS="EMPHASIS"
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>netfilter</I
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> package includes modules that perform
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similar functions. For example, to provide connection tracking of FTP
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sessions, you'd load and use the <TT
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CLASS="FILENAME"
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>ip_conntrack_ ftp</TT
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> and
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<TT
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CLASS="FILENAME"
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>ip_nat_ ftp.o</TT
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> modules.</P
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></DIV
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><H3
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CLASS="FOOTNOTES"
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>Notes</H3
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><TABLE
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BORDER="0"
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CLASS="FOOTNOTES"
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WIDTH="100%"
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><TR
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><TD
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="TOP"
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WIDTH="5%"
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><A
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NAME="FTN.X-087-2-MQ01"
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HREF="x-087-2-masq.kernel.config.html#X-087-2-MQ01"
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>[1]</A
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></TD
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><TD
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="TOP"
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WIDTH="95%"
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><P
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>RealAudio is a trademark of the Progressive Networks Corporation.</P
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></TD
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></TR
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><TR
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><TD
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="TOP"
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WIDTH="5%"
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><A
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NAME="FTN.X-087-2-FNMQ02"
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HREF="x-087-2-masq.kernel.config.html#X-087-2-FNMQ02"
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>[2]</A
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></TD
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><TD
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="TOP"
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WIDTH="95%"
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><P
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>You can contact Ambrose at
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<SPAN
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CLASS="SYSTEMITEM"
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>ambrose@writeme.com</SPAN
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>.</P
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></TD
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></TR
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></TABLE
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>Prev</A
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